Abstract.The words do not occur in isolation in the language they relate to each other according to different criteria. Here we present the semantic relationships they have with each other, that is to say, relationships that words have according to their meaning. First, this paper provides a definition of the semantics and a summary of the origin of this linguistic science, giving way later to the explanation of the semantic triangle. Secondly, it makes a study on the semantic relationships that can be established between words. Thus we find the explanation of how the phenomena of hyponymy, synonymy, polysemy, homonyms and antonyms operate.

Introduction.In the act of communication, the word usually appears linked to other words that form sentences, they produce a specific situation where a social relationship between the speaker and his interlocutor, circumstance necessary to any communication greatly influences the set language functioning, especially in the semantic context, both the perspective of the speaker (when selecting elements when communicating) and the listener (to interpret the message), we will call this linguistic context. Human communication can be developed through any of our senses. Speech and language are only part of the communication. There are other elements in the communication: the metalinguistic aspects, paralinguistic, and not strictly linguistic can cause the change of the meaning of a message; besides involving the intervention of affective elements or emotional expressed in diverse ways. Some examples are the accents in certain places of words, certain intonations and pauses, body gestures, facial expressions, the speed or intensity of expression, eye contact, repeating certain gestures or expressions, etc. However, we can say that the primary means of human communication is verbal and auditory, that is to say; the language.To investigate this theme we point out that semantics is the science that deals with the linguistic meaning. This means that studies the meaning of the various linguistic units: morphemes, words, sentences. As for the meaning of words, the Semantic studying a series of phenomena called polysemy, homonyms, synonyms and antonyms.

FrameworkWhat is semantics? Semantics is a sub discipline of linguistics which this has major attention on the study of meaning. The word "semantics" from the Greek "semantikos", this can be translated as "sense" or "meaning". Semantics tries to understand what meaning is as an element of language and how it is constructed for development the language as well as interpreted the speakers what they say and the hearers who receive the information of language. In others words, semantic is the science that studies the meaning of words.The linguistic semantics studies the encoding of meaning in the context of linguistic expressions. It can be divided into structural semantic and lexical semantics. Denotation (the relationship between a word and that to which it refers) and connotation (the relationship between a word and its meaning according to certain experiences and context) are memorabilia of semantics.Denotation: It is when the language conveys information. For example: "The pool has water." I am saying that there is water in the pool and nothing more than that. The literal meaning is, that is, the phrase has a double meaning.Connotation: It is when the word or phrase has "double meaning" or figuratively. For example, when I have a metaphor or a comparison. Example: If I say that a person is "a donkey" I do not mean to be the animal, but it is ignorant, because I'm comparing the person with a donkey. Well, this ability of language to suggest another meaning other than that meets the eye is the connotation.

Semantic relationship.It includes those relationships established between words such as hyponymy, synonymy, polysemy, homonyms and antonyms; is the relationship between two elements with meaning.The hyponymy is that certain words (hyponyms) have all semantic features of a more general (called hipernimo), but it adds in its definition other semantic features that distinguish it. For example: Hyponyms of Day: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday (they are weekdays). Morning, afternoon, evening (they are parts of the day).Synonym is the similarity of meaning between two or more definitions included in the same semantic field, that is, within the same field of word association that, despite having certain different qualities are related to a common theme. For example: Beautiful: Attractive, Pretty, Lovely, Stunning.Antonym is the opposite synonyms are words that mean the opposite or opposed. It comes from the Greek words anti for opposite and onym for name. Fat and skinny-Young and old-Happy and sad-Hard and soft.Polysemy is that one word or sign language has several meanings or meanings. For example the word foot has different meaning. 1. The lower extremity of the vertebrate leg that is in direct contact with the ground in standing or walking. 2. A structure used for locomotion or attachment in an invertebrate animal, such as the muscular organ extending from the ventral side of a mollusk.Homonymy is purely casual coincidence between significant, for historical reasons (etymologically derived from different terms). These phenomenons occur when two words are pronounced or spelled the same but have a totally different meaning and origin, and often even belong to different grammatical categories. Thus, for example, can be a verb and a noun other. If the words are pronounced the same but are spelled differently they are called homophones and the phenomenon is called homophony. For example, buy-by-bye. If the words are pronounced and spelled the same homography talking and words are called homographs. For example, bear (noun) and bear (verb).