Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP)

11th Annual Lockheed Martin InformationTechnology Trends Conference 2006

Orlando, FLOrlando, FLFebruary 14–16, 2006February 14–16, 2006

Semantic Interoperability Community of

Practice (SICoP)

Brand Niemann

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, [email protected]

SICoP, Chair

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PrefacePreface

• Dr. Niemann has been with the U.S. EPA for 25 years Dr. Niemann has been with the U.S. EPA for 25 years and currently works in the Office of the Chief and currently works in the Office of the Chief Information Officer and Assistant Administrator for Information Officer and Assistant Administrator for Environmental Information as an Enterprise Architect Environmental Information as an Enterprise Architect and Semantic Web Services Specialist.and Semantic Web Services Specialist.

• He Chairs the Federal CIO Council’s Semantic He Chairs the Federal CIO Council’s Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP).Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP).

• He serves as a member of the XML Conference He serves as a member of the XML Conference Planning Committee, the E-Gov Institute Program Planning Committee, the E-Gov Institute Program Planning Committee, the Architecture & Planning Committee, the Architecture & Infrastructure Committee, and the Knowledge Infrastructure Committee, and the Knowledge Management Working Group of the Best Practices Management Working Group of the Best Practices Committee.Committee.

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PrefacePreface

• Thank you for the invitation to participate and I think Thank you for the invitation to participate and I think it is significant that you start your conference on a it is significant that you start your conference on a day set aside to celebrate wonderful relationships:day set aside to celebrate wonderful relationships:

– I opened a sweet Valentines Day card from my I opened a sweet Valentines Day card from my sweetheart this morning that I found in my sweetheart this morning that I found in my suitcase last night!suitcase last night!

– I opened your conference brochure and saw the I opened your conference brochure and saw the names of 4 colleagues on tomorrow’s agenda that I names of 4 colleagues on tomorrow’s agenda that I have been privileged to develop wonderful have been privileged to develop wonderful personal and professional relationships with personal and professional relationships with during the past five years. during the past five years.

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PrefacePreface

• Continued:Continued:

– I read the words “agility” and “looking inward; looking I read the words “agility” and “looking inward; looking outward” in your conference theme and recalled they are outward” in your conference theme and recalled they are about good relationships:about good relationships:

• Agile Methods: lightweight software development Agile Methods: lightweight software development methodologies that emphasize close collaboration methodologies that emphasize close collaboration between the programmer team and business experts; between the programmer team and business experts; face-to-face communication (as more efficient than face-to-face communication (as more efficient than written documentation); frequent delivery of new written documentation); frequent delivery of new deployable business value; tight, self-organizing teams; deployable business value; tight, self-organizing teams; and ways to craft code and the team such that the and ways to craft code and the team such that the inevitable requirements churn is not a crisis.inevitable requirements churn is not a crisis.

– See the Agile Alliance Web site at http://www.agilalliance.org.home

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PrefacePreface


– I read the words “agility” and “looking inward; looking I read the words “agility” and “looking inward; looking outward” in your conference theme and recalled they are outward” in your conference theme and recalled they are about good relationships (continued):about good relationships (continued):

• Endocepts – from the Greek “endo” meaning inside – the Endocepts – from the Greek “endo” meaning inside – the “Ahas” – insights that suggest ways out of a problem “Ahas” – insights that suggest ways out of a problem situation – so building good relationships between situation – so building good relationships between inspirations and realities.inspirations and realities.

• From stories that spark people’s imagination to formal From stories that spark people’s imagination to formal “Solution Envisioning” sessions.“Solution Envisioning” sessions.

– See “Capability Cases: A Solution Envisioning Approach, Polikoff, Coyne, and Hodgson, 2005, Addison Wesley.

» Ralph Hodgson gives two presentation tommorrow!

6February 14 -16, 2006

PrefacePreface


– I read about your new Semantic Technology I read about your new Semantic Technology Integrated Program Environment (IPE) and Integrated Program Environment (IPE) and Semantic Technology Briefings and Workshops Semantic Technology Briefings and Workshops and they are about building good relationships and they are about building good relationships with each other around a new technology!with each other around a new technology!

– So this all fits together nicely with what I want to So this all fits together nicely with what I want to talk to you about:talk to you about:

• SICoP, a community of practice to improve the SICoP, a community of practice to improve the public-private relationships to deliver improved public-private relationships to deliver improved E-Government Services to the public.E-Government Services to the public.

7February 14 -16, 2006

PrefacePreface


– So this all fits together nicely with what I want to So this all fits together nicely with what I want to talk to you about (continued):talk to you about (continued):

• Yes, you serve the government, but we serve Yes, you serve the government, but we serve the citizen, so by inference (a term from the citizen, so by inference (a term from semantic technologies), you help us serve the semantic technologies), you help us serve the citizens.citizens.

• And I am pleased to say that Lockheed Martin is And I am pleased to say that Lockheed Martin is an excellent participant in SICoP as you will see an excellent participant in SICoP as you will see later in this presentation.later in this presentation.

– We had 5 Lockheed Martin employees registered for our Fourth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference last week.

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OverviewOverview

• The Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice The Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) has made considerable progress towards (SICoP) has made considerable progress towards implementations of semantic technologies and web implementations of semantic technologies and web standards in the U.S. government with a series of standards in the U.S. government with a series of white papers, conferences, and pilot projects.white papers, conferences, and pilot projects.

– Part I. SICoP and Data Reference Model 2.0 Part I. SICoP and Data Reference Model 2.0 Implementation: Making it Real.Implementation: Making it Real.

– Part II. Highlights of the 4Part II. Highlights of the 4thth Semantic Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference, Interoperability for E-Government Conference, February 9-10, 2006.February 9-10, 2006.

– Part III. Related Presentation by Mills Davis, Part III. Related Presentation by Mills Davis, “Semantic Wave 2006: Executive Guide to the “Semantic Wave 2006: Executive Guide to the Business Value of Semantic Technologies”Business Value of Semantic Technologies”

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Some KudosSome Kudos

• ““You should be proud of the way that DRM 2.0 turned You should be proud of the way that DRM 2.0 turned out and how it has been accepted by the data out and how it has been accepted by the data community. The open, collaborative development community. The open, collaborative development process sets it apart, and gives us a high standard process sets it apart, and gives us a high standard for our other efforts across government.”for our other efforts across government.”

– Richard Burk, Chief Architect, OMB, 12/22/2005.Richard Burk, Chief Architect, OMB, 12/22/2005.

• Note: The SICoP White Paper Module 1, Figure 6 (Data Structure Note: The SICoP White Paper Module 1, Figure 6 (Data Structure Continuum, From Pollock and Hodgson, 2004) suggested the Continuum, From Pollock and Hodgson, 2004) suggested the three basic types of data used in the DRM 2.0 !three basic types of data used in the DRM 2.0 !

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Some KudosSome Kudos

11February 14 -16, 2006

Some PressSome Press

• Government Computer News | GCN.comGovernment Computer News | GCN.com

• January 11, 2006 10:00 AMJanuary 11, 2006 10:00 AM

• Data Reference Model 2.0 and the role of metadata Data Reference Model 2.0 and the role of metadata

• GCN Senior Writer Joab Jackson moderated an online forum GCN Senior Writer Joab Jackson moderated an online forum Jan. 11 with Brand Niemann, chairman of the Federal CIO Jan. 11 with Brand Niemann, chairman of the Federal CIO Council Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice. Council Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice.

• In 2006, one of the big issues for government content managers In 2006, one of the big issues for government content managers will be how to share information more easily. Niemann helped will be how to share information more easily. Niemann helped draft the second version of the Data Reference Model, the Office draft the second version of the Data Reference Model, the Office of Management and Budget’s own framework for interagency of Management and Budget’s own framework for interagency sharing of information. Niemann also discussed advanced sharing of information. Niemann also discussed advanced semantic technologies, the usefulness of Wikis and metadata semantic technologies, the usefulness of Wikis and metadata and the upcoming Semantic Interoperability for E-Government and the upcoming Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference.Conference.

• See Transcript at See Transcript at http://appserv.gcn.com/forum/qna_forum/37914-2.htmlhttp://appserv.gcn.com/forum/qna_forum/37914-2.html

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IntroductionIntroductionUse the DRM 2.0 Abstract Model:Use the DRM 2.0 Abstract Model:Description, Context, & SharingDescription, Context, & Sharing

• Describe Yourself:Describe Yourself:

– Scientist – Atmospheric and Computer Science.Scientist – Atmospheric and Computer Science.

• EPA Data Standards (ISO/IEC 11179), SICoP (Semantic EPA Data Standards (ISO/IEC 11179), SICoP (Semantic Standards and Technologies), and DRM (Composite Standards and Technologies), and DRM (Composite Applications, etc.) Pilots.Applications, etc.) Pilots.

• Describe Your Context:Describe Your Context:

– Scientific Method – Do Experiments (Pilots) to Test Architectural Scientific Method – Do Experiments (Pilots) to Test Architectural (Enterprise, Knowledge, Data) Concepts.(Enterprise, Knowledge, Data) Concepts.

• A total of 10 public forums, meetings, and workshops and 29 A total of 10 public forums, meetings, and workshops and 29 pilot presentations on the DRM in the past five months!pilot presentations on the DRM in the past five months!

• Describe What You Want to Share:Describe What You Want to Share:

– Five Steps to Interoperability (in the domain of scientific ontology) Five Steps to Interoperability (in the domain of scientific ontology) (Barry Smith).(Barry Smith).

• Find ways to use reality to take care of interoperability (when Find ways to use reality to take care of interoperability (when scientists disagree they let reality tell them how to resolve their scientists disagree they let reality tell them how to resolve their disagreement – they look at instances). (Concept, instance, and disagreement – they look at instances). (Concept, instance, and the relationship between them – otherwise it is just in our the relationship between them – otherwise it is just in our minds.)minds.)

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Information ModelInformation Model

• Part I. Ontology and Flow:Part I. Ontology and Flow:

– 1. What is Semantic Interoperability?1. What is Semantic Interoperability?

– 2. What is a Community of Practice?2. What is a Community of Practice?

– 3. What is DRM 2.0?3. What is DRM 2.0?

– 4. What is DRM 2.0 Implementation Guidance?4. What is DRM 2.0 Implementation Guidance?

– 5. Where is SICoP DRM 2.0 Implementation Going?5. Where is SICoP DRM 2.0 Implementation Going?

– 6. Can semantics improve the usefulness of the 6. Can semantics improve the usefulness of the ISO/IEC 11179 standard? (Pilot Demonstration)ISO/IEC 11179 standard? (Pilot Demonstration)

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Topic MapsTopic Maps OntologyOntology

TopicsTopics ConceptsConcepts

AssociationsAssociations

(between Topics & Occurrences)(between Topics & Occurrences)

RelationshipsRelationships

(between Concepts and Instances)(between Concepts and Instances)

OccurrencesOccurrences InstancesInstances

Two Connected Layers: Knowledge Map and the Information Resources*

*SICoP and DRM Implementation Through Iteration and Testing: Making It Real, Federal Metadata Management Consortium, Dec. 13, 2005.http://web-services.gov/scopefmmc12132005.ppt

Also used in “Building Semantic Webs for e-government with Wiki technology.” http://colab.cim3.net/file/work/SICoP/2006-02-09/EGov%20Wiki.pdf

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• Introduce a Introduce a conceptconcept in the form of a question. in the form of a question.

• Answer that question with a Answer that question with a definitiondefinition and an and an instanceinstance that illustrates the relationship we that illustrates the relationship we mean between the concept and the instance.mean between the concept and the instance.

• Provide a Provide a flowflow of concepts and instances that of concepts and instances that supports supports logic and reasoninglogic and reasoning..

• This illustrates the This illustrates the Knowledge Reference ModelKnowledge Reference Model we are working towards!we are working towards!

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Part IPart I1. What is Semantic Interoperability?1. What is Semantic Interoperability?

• Formal Semantics*:Formal Semantics*:

– Semantic is primarily concerned with Semantic is primarily concerned with samenesssameness. It . It determines that two entities are the same in spite determines that two entities are the same in spite of appearing to be different.of appearing to be different.

– Number semantics: 5.1, 5.10, and 05.1 are all the Number semantics: 5.1, 5.10, and 05.1 are all the same number.same number.

– DNA sequence semantics: cctggacct is the same DNA sequence semantics: cctggacct is the same as CCTGGACCT.as CCTGGACCT.

– XML document semantics is defined by infosets.XML document semantics is defined by infosets.

* Introduction to the Semantic Web for Bioinformatics, Ken Baclawski, December 6, 2005, & K. Baclawski & T. Niu, Ontologies for Bioinformatics, MIT Press, October, 2005

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• Five Steps to Interoperability (in the domain of scientific ontology)*:Five Steps to Interoperability (in the domain of scientific ontology)*:

– (1) Find ways to use reality to take care of interoperability (when (1) Find ways to use reality to take care of interoperability (when scientists disagree they let reality tell them how to resolve their scientists disagree they let reality tell them how to resolve their disagreement – they look at instances).disagreement – they look at instances).

– (2) Recognize that an ontology consists of names for types and of (2) Recognize that an ontology consists of names for types and of representations of relations between types defined in terms of representations of relations between types defined in terms of underlying relations between instances.underlying relations between instances.

– (3) Recognize correspondingly that there are three kinds of (3) Recognize correspondingly that there are three kinds of relations: <class, class>, <class, instance>, & <instance, instance>relations: <class, class>, <class, instance>, & <instance, instance>

– (4) Use a coherent upper level taxonomy distinguishing continuants (4) Use a coherent upper level taxonomy distinguishing continuants (cells, molecules, organisms ...), occurrents (events, processes), (cells, molecules, organisms ...), occurrents (events, processes), dependent entities (qualities, functions ...), and independent entities dependent entities (qualities, functions ...), and independent entities (their bearers).(their bearers).

– (5) Coordinate, coordinate, coordinate!(5) Coordinate, coordinate, coordinate!

* Barry Smith, Workshop on Bio-ontologies, October 28, 2005, University of Buffalo.

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UDDIUDDI ebXMLebXML

businessEntitybusinessEntity OrganizationOrganization

BusinessServiceBusinessService ServiceService

bindingTemplatebindingTemplate ServiceBindingServiceBinding

tModel (fingerprint)tModel (fingerprint) ClassificatioNodeClassificatioNode

tModel (namespace)tModel (namespace) ClassificationSchemaClassificationSchema

discoveryURLdiscoveryURL ExternalLinkExternalLink

contactcontact UserUser

identityBagidentityBag Collection of ExternalIdentifier InstancesCollection of ExternalIdentifier Instances

categoryBagcategoryBag Collection of Classification InstancesCollection of Classification Instances

addressaddress PostalAddressPostalAddress

overviewDocoverviewDoc ExternalLinkExternalLink

keyedReference (in categoryBag)keyedReference (in categoryBag) ClassificationClassification

keyedReference (in identityBag)keyedReference (in identityBag) ExternalIdentifierExternalIdentifier

* UDDI and ebXML from One Registry, Tony Graham, XML 2005 Conference, November 14-18, Atlanta, GA.

Mapping ebXML to/from UDDI*

19February 14 -16, 2006

Part IPart I2. What is a Community of Practice?2. What is a Community of Practice?

• The concept of a The concept of a Community of PracticeCommunity of Practice (often (often abbreviated as CoP) refers to the process of social abbreviated as CoP) refers to the process of social learning that occurs when people who have a learning that occurs when people who have a common interest in some subject or problem common interest in some subject or problem collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations.find solutions, and build innovations.

– Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_practiceSource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_practice

• More recently Communities of Practice have become More recently Communities of Practice have become associated with knowledge management.associated with knowledge management.

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• Table of Contents:Table of Contents:

– CharterCharter

– CalendarCalendar

• FutureFuture

• PastPast

– SICoP Working Groups and ProjectsSICoP Working Groups and Projects

– SICoP Conferences and Public MeetingsSICoP Conferences and Public Meetings

– SICoP White Papers and PresentationsSICoP White Papers and Presentations

– SICoP Support for the Data Reference ModelSICoP Support for the Data Reference Model

– Discussion Forum Archives / File Workspace & ResourcesDiscussion Forum Archives / File Workspace & Resources

– SICoP Conference CallsSICoP Conference Calls

See http://colab.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?SICoP

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Source: http://colab.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?WikiHomePage

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Part IPart ILogic and ReasoningLogic and Reasoning

• So SICoP is “primarily concerned with sameness” So SICoP is “primarily concerned with sameness” using “scientific ontology” focused on “instances” using “scientific ontology” focused on “instances” by “coordination” across “community” over an by “coordination” across “community” over an extended period to find solutions to extended period to find solutions to “interoperability”.“interoperability”.– Also see the SICoP Charter:Also see the SICoP Charter:

• The Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice The Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) is established by a group of individuals for the (SICoP) is established by a group of individuals for the purpose of achieving "semantic interoperability" and purpose of achieving "semantic interoperability" and "semantic data integration" in the government sector."semantic data integration" in the government sector.

• The SICoP seeks to enable Semantic Interoperability, The SICoP seeks to enable Semantic Interoperability, specifically the "operationalizing" of these technologies specifically the "operationalizing" of these technologies and approaches, through online conversation, meetings, and approaches, through online conversation, meetings, tutorials, conferences, pilot projects, and other activities tutorials, conferences, pilot projects, and other activities aimed at developing and disseminating best practices.aimed at developing and disseminating best practices.

23February 14 -16, 2006

Part IPart I3. What is DRM 2.0?3. What is DRM 2.0?

• A New FEA Reference Model* with:A New FEA Reference Model* with:

– (1) Reference Model:(1) Reference Model:

• Abstract Model.Abstract Model.

– (2) Management Strategy:(2) Management Strategy:

• FEA Enterprise Architecture Assessment Framework 2.0.FEA Enterprise Architecture Assessment Framework 2.0.

– (3) Implementation Guidance:(3) Implementation Guidance:

• Pilots During 2005 and Continuing in 2006. Five Vendor Pilots During 2005 and Continuing in 2006. Five Vendor Implementations So Far!Implementations So Far!

– (4) OMB Draft E-Gov Act 2002 Section 207d /DRM Guidance:(4) OMB Draft E-Gov Act 2002 Section 207d /DRM Guidance:

• See Footnote 14.See Footnote 14.

* Like a four-legged stool with rungs to create a stable platform going forward.Need all four legs and all four rungs connecting them to remain stable.

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• Data: Three Types – structured (20%), and unstructured and semi-structured Data: Three Types – structured (20%), and unstructured and semi-structured (80%).(80%).

– Originally it was the Data and Information Reference Model.Originally it was the Data and Information Reference Model.

• Metadata: Three Roles – discovery, integration, and reasoning.Metadata: Three Roles – discovery, integration, and reasoning.

– Recombine data and metadata for sharing and reuse and address Section Recombine data and metadata for sharing and reuse and address Section 207d requirements (see slide 21).207d requirements (see slide 21).

• Model: Three Functions – description, context, and sharing.Model: Three Functions – description, context, and sharing.

– DRM XML Schema and DRM Abstract Model (see next slide).DRM XML Schema and DRM Abstract Model (see next slide).

• Reporting: Three Documents – reference, management strategy, and Reporting: Three Documents – reference, management strategy, and implementation guide.implementation guide.

– Integrated in the DRM Education Pilot with Pilot Metrics and CoP/CoI Integrated in the DRM Education Pilot with Pilot Metrics and CoP/CoI Templates (see slide 22).Templates (see slide 22).

• Metamodel: Three Implementation Levels – organizational, technical, and Metamodel: Three Implementation Levels – organizational, technical, and semantic interoperability or agency, CoI, and cross-CoI.semantic interoperability or agency, CoI, and cross-CoI.

– European Interoperability Framework, Andreas Tolk, Enterprise Architecture European Interoperability Framework, Andreas Tolk, Enterprise Architecture Assessment 2.0, DoD Net-Centric Strategy, etc.Assessment 2.0, DoD Net-Centric Strategy, etc.

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Portion of the Abstract Model where data elements are classified, specified, defined, named, and registered.

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OMB Section 207d / DRM OMB Section 207d / DRM GuidanceGuidanceSee Footnote 6 (Dec. 16, 2005)See Footnote 6 (Dec. 16, 2005)

DRM Abstract ModelDRM Abstract Model(Joe Chiusano, Nov. 18, 2005)(Joe Chiusano, Nov. 18, 2005)

Best Practice ExampleBest Practice Example (preliminary – (preliminary – subject to SICoP/ONTAC WG Review)subject to SICoP/ONTAC WG Review)

Data modelsData models Data Description Data Description NumerousNumerous

Data dictionaries Data dictionaries Data Description Data Description UBL 1.0UBL 1.0

Thesauri Thesauri Data ContextData Context CSA/NBIICSA/NBII

Taxonomies Taxonomies Data ContextData Context JPLJPL

Topic maps Topic maps Data ContextData Context IRSIRS

Ontologies Ontologies Data ContextData Context FEA-RMO & UMLS-SNFEA-RMO & UMLS-SN

Controlled vocabularies Controlled vocabularies Data ContextData Context World BankWorld Bank

Exchange packages Exchange packages Data Sharing Data Sharing NIEM 0.1NIEM 0.1

Mapping DRM Abstract Model to OMB Section 207d / DRM Guidance

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See http://web-services.gov and Dynamic Knowledge Repositories

Use DRM Version 2.0 itself as a pilot project for education and FEA information sharing!

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Source: Expanding E-Government, Improved Service Delivery for the American People Using Information Technology, December 2005, pages 2-3.http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budintegration/expanding_egov_2005.pdf

The Data Reference Model 2.0 Education Pilot Implements This Schematic Diagram!

29February 14 -16, 2006

Part IPart I4. What is DRM 2.0 Implementation Guidance?4. What is DRM 2.0 Implementation Guidance?

• What is it? What is it? Taxonomies and Taxonomies and Ontologies for describing Ontologies for describing information relationships and information relationships and associations in a way that can be associations in a way that can be accessed and searched.accessed and searched.

• What am I expected to do? What am I expected to do? Use the Use the DRM Abstract Model to guide DRM Abstract Model to guide both your agency data both your agency data architecture and your architecture and your interagency data sharing interagency data sharing activities.activities.

• What are some best practices for What are some best practices for doing it? doing it? See Ontology and See Ontology and Taxonomy Coordinating Work Taxonomy Coordinating Work Group, etc.Group, etc.

• How do I work both locally in my How do I work both locally in my Agency and more globally with Agency and more globally with other agencies on this?other agencies on this? Participate Participate in the Collaborative Workshops, in the Collaborative Workshops, the DRM ITIT Team, etc.the DRM ITIT Team, etc.

See next slide for explanation.

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• Metamodel by Andreas Tolk (2005):Metamodel by Andreas Tolk (2005):

– There are four rectangular boxes on top of one There are four rectangular boxes on top of one another (labeled from bottom to top: data, another (labeled from bottom to top: data, metadata, model, and metamodel, respectively) metadata, model, and metamodel, respectively) and each box contains 2-4 circular colored dots, and each box contains 2-4 circular colored dots, and these colored dots are connected with lines, and these colored dots are connected with lines, meant to show that there are relationships, or need meant to show that there are relationships, or need to be relationships, between say data and to be relationships, between say data and metadata, between metadata and models, and metadata, between metadata and models, and between models and metamodels. The purpose is between models and metamodels. The purpose is to show that we need to describe information to show that we need to describe information model relationships and associations in a way that model relationships and associations in a way that can be accessed and searched.can be accessed and searched.

Note: This is also provided for Section 508 Compliance of the graphics.

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Source: Mills Davis, “Smart Search Continuum” in DRM Implementation - Preliminary Strategy, October 11, 2005.

See next slide for explanation.

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• The role of semantic metadata in increasing search capability:The role of semantic metadata in increasing search capability:

– In this XY graph, the X axis is labeled "Increasing Search In this XY graph, the X axis is labeled "Increasing Search Capability" (with sub-labels of Recovery, Discovery, Capability" (with sub-labels of Recovery, Discovery, Intelligence, Question Answering, and Reasoning) and the Y-Intelligence, Question Answering, and Reasoning) and the Y-Axis is labeled "Increasing Metadata" (with sub-labels from Axis is labeled "Increasing Metadata" (with sub-labels from Weak Semantics to Strong Semantics). A straight line from Weak Semantics to Strong Semantics). A straight line from the origin to the upper right has labels of Syntactic the origin to the upper right has labels of Syntactic Interoperability (sub-label "Many Federal applications do not Interoperability (sub-label "Many Federal applications do not enable data sharing"), Structural Interoperability (DRM 2.0 enable data sharing"), Structural Interoperability (DRM 2.0 sets the bar here), and Semantic Interoperability (Some sets the bar here), and Semantic Interoperability (Some Intelligence, Defense, Security, Health, Science & Business Intelligence, Defense, Security, Health, Science & Business applications share information at these levels) from bottom applications share information at these levels) from bottom to top. The point of this XY graph is that Increasing Metadata to top. The point of this XY graph is that Increasing Metadata (from glossaries to ontologies) is highly correlated with (from glossaries to ontologies) is highly correlated with Increasing Search Capability (from discovery to reasoning).Increasing Search Capability (from discovery to reasoning).

Note: This is also provided for Section 508 Compliance of the graphics.

33February 14 -16, 2006


• Five Key Activities Over the Next Year:Five Key Activities Over the Next Year:– (1) Education and Training in DRM Version 2.0 and use in FEA – (1) Education and Training in DRM Version 2.0 and use in FEA –

DRM-based Information Sharing Pilots (started June 13, 2005). DRM-based Information Sharing Pilots (started June 13, 2005).

– (2) Testing of XML Schemas and OWL Ontologies by NIST and the (2) Testing of XML Schemas and OWL Ontologies by NIST and the National Center for Ontological Research, respectively, among National Center for Ontological Research, respectively, among others (began October 27, 2005).others (began October 27, 2005).

– (3) Inventory/Repository of Semantic Interoperability Assets and (3) Inventory/Repository of Semantic Interoperability Assets and Development of a Common Semantic Model (COSMO) by the new Development of a Common Semantic Model (COSMO) by the new Ontology and Taxonomy Coordinating Work Group (ONTACWG) Ontology and Taxonomy Coordinating Work Group (ONTACWG) (started October 5, 2005).(started October 5, 2005).

– (4) Continued early implementation of DRM 2.0 concepts and (4) Continued early implementation of DRM 2.0 concepts and artifacts by industry in “open collaboration with open standards” artifacts by industry in “open collaboration with open standards” pilot projects and workshops (started July 19, 2005).pilot projects and workshops (started July 19, 2005).

– (5) Fostering champions of DRM Best Practices to improve (1) (5) Fostering champions of DRM Best Practices to improve (1) agency data architectures within agencies and (2) cross-agency agency data architectures within agencies and (2) cross-agency data sharing across agencies in funded projects (started June 13, data sharing across agencies in funded projects (started June 13, 2005).2005).

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• Pilot Metrics:Pilot Metrics:

– A specific instance for the “Semantic DNS - UDEF Disaster A specific instance for the “Semantic DNS - UDEF Disaster Response Pilot” (presented on November 10Response Pilot” (presented on November 10thth, December 6, December 6thth and today), based on an initial assessment subject to and today), based on an initial assessment subject to feedback and review, is that it covers 13 of the 15 boxes in feedback and review, is that it covers 13 of the 15 boxes in the five by three matrix (recall slide 5 – Data, Model, the five by three matrix (recall slide 5 – Data, Model, Documents, Implementation, and Status). The two missing Documents, Implementation, and Status). The two missing boxes are that it does not currently treat unstructured or boxes are that it does not currently treat unstructured or semi-structured data. This has been addressed.semi-structured data. This has been addressed.

• This template will be completed for all pilot projects and This template will be completed for all pilot projects and provides metrics to help decide what should be done with provides metrics to help decide what should be done with the pilots, namely, adopt them (high score), improve them the pilots, namely, adopt them (high score), improve them (moderate score), or not adopt them (low score).(moderate score), or not adopt them (low score).

• CoP/CoI Templates (see next slide):CoP/CoI Templates (see next slide):

– Helps CoPs/CoIs both differentiate themselves from one Helps CoPs/CoIs both differentiate themselves from one another as to their unique interests as well as help discover another as to their unique interests as well as help discover where collaboration and synergy is possible.where collaboration and synergy is possible.

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• Community Profile for XXX Community Profile for XXX

– By / Date:By / Date:

– Last Updated:Last Updated:

– Community (name):Community (name):

– Date Established:Date Established:

– Key Stakeholders:Key Stakeholders:

– Constituency:Constituency:

– Domain:Domain:

– Mission / Charter:Mission / Charter:

– With respect to Ontology work (esp. eGov-related work), the community's:With respect to Ontology work (esp. eGov-related work), the community's:

• Medium Term Goal:Medium Term Goal:

• Short Term Goal:Short Term Goal:

• Deliverables within the next 6 months:Deliverables within the next 6 months:

• Key Differentiation (with the other communities presenting today):Key Differentiation (with the other communities presenting today):

• What we can bring to the table to foster collaboration with other communities What we can bring to the table to foster collaboration with other communities here today:here today:

– Additional Remarks:Additional Remarks:

– Contact: Contact:

• See http://ontolog.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?ConferenceCall_2005_11_10/PrepSee http://ontolog.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?ConferenceCall_2005_11_10/Prep

36February 14 -16, 2006

Part IPart I5. Where is SICoP DRM 2.0 Implementation 5. Where is SICoP DRM 2.0 Implementation Going?Going?

• The Evolution of Metadata:The Evolution of Metadata:

– In the beginning there was data, and hopefully its documentation – In the beginning there was data, and hopefully its documentation – but it was not accessible so we resorted to:but it was not accessible so we resorted to:

– ““Metadata for Discovery” – but we still wanted to see the actual data Metadata for Discovery” – but we still wanted to see the actual data – now both are on the Web.– now both are on the Web.

– ““Metadata for Integration” – but that is really hard.Metadata for Integration” – but that is really hard.

• I spent two years doing it for the Interagency Chesapeake Bay I spent two years doing it for the Interagency Chesapeake Bay Program databases with help from graduate classes in Program databases with help from graduate classes in exploratory data analysis and statistical data visualization and exploratory data analysis and statistical data visualization and produced a comprehensive “Data Story”.produced a comprehensive “Data Story”.

– And now the new paradigm is “Executable Metadata” – the data And now the new paradigm is “Executable Metadata” – the data (XML), metadata (RDF), models (RDF/S) and metamodels (OWL) are (XML), metadata (RDF), models (RDF/S) and metamodels (OWL) are all integrated to support knowledge computing, statistical all integrated to support knowledge computing, statistical computing, and stochastic inference under conditions of computing, and stochastic inference under conditions of uncertainty referred to as the “Bayesian Web:uncertainty referred to as the “Bayesian Web:

• See "Ontologies for Bioinformatics“, Ken Baclawski and See "Ontologies for Bioinformatics“, Ken Baclawski and Tianhua Niu, MIT Press, October 2005: http://ontobio.org/Tianhua Niu, MIT Press, October 2005: http://ontobio.org/

• And see the National Center for Ontological Research (NCOR): And see the National Center for Ontological Research (NCOR): http://ncor.ushttp://ncor.us

37February 14 -16, 2006


Stage in EvolutionStage in Evolution Best Practice ExampleBest Practice Example

Knowledge ComputingKnowledge Computing VisualKnowledge –”BioCAD”VisualKnowledge –”BioCAD”

Smart ContentSmart Content NLM – “UMLS-SN”NLM – “UMLS-SN”

Composite ApplicationsComposite Applications Digital Harbor – “Business Digital Harbor – “Business Ontology”Ontology”

Operational Enterprise Operational Enterprise ArchitectureArchitecture

Metallect – “Google for IT”Metallect – “Google for IT”

Source: Mills Davis, http://web-services.gov/NetCentricSemantics051110.pdf

38February 14 -16, 2006


Scale of Activity / Scale of Activity / Metadata FunctionMetadata Function

AgencyAgency CoP/LoBCoP/LoB Cross-CoP/LoBCross-CoP/LoB

DiscoveryDiscovery e.g., EAAF 2.0e.g., EAAF 2.0 e.g.,FHA/DAWGe.g.,FHA/DAWG e.g., Indicatorse.g., Indicators

IntegrationIntegration

ReasoningReasoning

Super Pilot: Address as Many Boxes as Possible!

CoP: Community of PracticeLoB: Line of BusinessFHA/DAWG: Federal Health Architecture – Data Architecture Work GroupSee FHA Data Architecture Working Group: SICoP DRM 2.0 Pilot, December 28, 2005. http://web-services.gov/scopefhadawg.ppt

? ? Yes

39February 14 -16, 2006

Part IPart I6. Can Semantics improve the usefulness of the 6. Can Semantics improve the usefulness of the ISO/IEC 11179 standard?ISO/IEC 11179 standard?

• The “Semantic DNS - UDEF Disaster Response Pilot” The “Semantic DNS - UDEF Disaster Response Pilot” comes from asking the question “can semantics comes from asking the question “can semantics improve the usefulness of the ISO/IEC 11179 improve the usefulness of the ISO/IEC 11179 standard?”standard?”

– And the experiment (pilot) shows that it does!And the experiment (pilot) shows that it does!

• Ron Schuldt* at the Federal Metadata Management Ron Schuldt* at the Federal Metadata Management Consortium Meeting, December 13, 2005:Consortium Meeting, December 13, 2005:

– Followups with National Cancer Institute and IPV6!Followups with National Cancer Institute and IPV6!

– Applications to other emerging technologies like Applications to other emerging technologies like RFID!RFID!

* Lockheed Martin and Chair, The Open Group UDEF Forum* Lockheed Martin and Chair, The Open Group UDEF Forum

40February 14 -16, 2006


• The semantics portion of the approach is based on an evolving The semantics portion of the approach is based on an evolving global standard known as the Universal Data Element global standard known as the Universal Data Element Framework (UDEF). The UDEF is a method for categorizing data Framework (UDEF). The UDEF is a method for categorizing data element concepts (as defined by ISO/IEC 11179) that exist element concepts (as defined by ISO/IEC 11179) that exist across multiple applications. It assigns each data element across multiple applications. It assigns each data element concept an alphanumeric tag plus a semantically rich name – concept an alphanumeric tag plus a semantically rich name – that in most cases can stand-alone without requiring a separate that in most cases can stand-alone without requiring a separate definition.definition.

– For example, “Purchase Order Number” found in an invoice For example, “Purchase Order Number” found in an invoice from industry to the government is a commonly encountered from industry to the government is a commonly encountered data element concept. This concept has a UDEF tag data element concept. This concept has a UDEF tag d.t.2_13.35.8 and associated UDEF name d.t.2_13.35.8 and associated UDEF name Purchase.Order.DOCUMENT_Government.Assigned.IDENTIFPurchase.Order.DOCUMENT_Government.Assigned.IDENTIFIER.IER.

41February 14 -16, 2006


• The UDEF name and associated ID pair is similar in several The UDEF name and associated ID pair is similar in several ways to the Domain Name System (DNS) used to manage ways to the Domain Name System (DNS) used to manage computer-sensible IP addresses in 123.123.123.123 format and computer-sensible IP addresses in 123.123.123.123 format and to associate them with user-friendly formats such as to associate them with user-friendly formats such as www.company.com If adopted on a global scale, the UDEF could www.company.com If adopted on a global scale, the UDEF could become a Semantic DNS or Semantic Bridge connecting the become a Semantic DNS or Semantic Bridge connecting the semantics of data element concepts across disparate semantics of data element concepts across disparate applications across the globe.applications across the globe.

• The Semantic DNS - UDEF Disaster Response Pilot was The Semantic DNS - UDEF Disaster Response Pilot was submitted October 14, 2005, to the Federal Semantic submitted October 14, 2005, to the Federal Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice as a proposed solution Interoperability Community of Practice as a proposed solution approach and was was demonstrated live at The Open Group approach and was was demonstrated live at The Open Group Semantic Interoperability Conference in Houston on October 20, Semantic Interoperability Conference in Houston on October 20, 2005. 2005.

42February 14 -16, 2006

For the “Disaster Response Pilot Demonstrating Semantic Naming Technology for Web Services” at the

Fourth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference, February 9-10, 2006, at The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA.

Presented at the Lockheed Martin Information Technology Trends Conference, February 14, 2006, Orlando,Florida

Special RecognitionRon Schuldt, Lockheed Martin Corporation

and Chair, The Open Group UDEF Forum

Federal CIO Council’s Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP)

Produced in Collaboration With

By SICoP Chair, Brand Niemann, U.S. EPA

43February 14 -16, 2006

Part II. Recent ConferencePart II. Recent Conference

• Fourth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference, Fourth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference, February 9-10, 2006, MITRE, McLean, Virginia:February 9-10, 2006, MITRE, McLean, Virginia:

– February 9th:February 9th:

• Opening Keynote and Demonstration:Opening Keynote and Demonstration:

– The Semantic Web for Bioinformatics – Professor Ken Baclawski

– Ontology-based Searching for Health Information (e.g. Is my child safe from environmental toxins?) – Michael Belanger

• Featured Presentation and Panel:Featured Presentation and Panel:

– The Business Value for Semantic Technologies – Mills Davis

– Senior Officials and Managers - CIO Council and Committees, Agency, IAC, etc.

• Vendor/Poster Networking – 30Vendor/Poster Networking – 30

• Presentations and Work Group and Partner Reports – 32 and 4 Presentations and Work Group and Partner Reports – 32 and 4 and 3, respectivelyand 3, respectively

• Closing Keynote and Dialogue – Professor Jim HendlerClosing Keynote and Dialogue – Professor Jim Hendler

44February 14 -16, 2006


• Fourth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference, Fourth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference, February 9-10, 2006, MITRE, McLean, Virginia (continued):February 9-10, 2006, MITRE, McLean, Virginia (continued):

– February 10th:February 10th:

• Work Group Sessions:Work Group Sessions:

– Data Reference Model Implementation, Health Information Technology Ontology, FEA Reference Model Ontology, and Ontology and Taxonomy Coordination.

• Breakout Session Presentations: 12Breakout Session Presentations: 12

• Tutorials (BBN, TopQuadrant/Oracle, & Baclawski)Tutorials (BBN, TopQuadrant/Oracle, & Baclawski)

– Some Highlights:Some Highlights:

• Registered Attendees: 250+ (remote audience – video)Registered Attendees: 250+ (remote audience – video)

• Special Recognitions: See next slideSpecial Recognitions: See next slide

45February 14 -16, 2006


• Outstanding Contributions as a Member of the Outstanding Contributions as a Member of the Planning Committee: Rick Tucker, MITRE.Planning Committee: Rick Tucker, MITRE.

• Best Co-Papers: Elisa Kendall, Sandpiper, Sam Best Co-Papers: Elisa Kendall, Sandpiper, Sam Chance, US Navy, and Michael Seebold, Concurrent Chance, US Navy, and Michael Seebold, Concurrent Technologies Corporation.Technologies Corporation.

• Best Semantic Harmonization Tool Application, Best Semantic Harmonization Tool Application, Chuck Mosher, MetaMatrix Corporation.Chuck Mosher, MetaMatrix Corporation.

• Best Exhibit: Siderean.Best Exhibit: Siderean.

• Best Breakout Session Presentations: Gregory Best Breakout Session Presentations: Gregory Fairnak, Consultant to Northrop Grumman and Ray Fairnak, Consultant to Northrop Grumman and Ray Piasecki, BAE Systems.Piasecki, BAE Systems.

46February 14 -16, 2006

Part III. Related PresentationPart III. Related Presentation

• Mills Davis, “Semantic Wave 2006: Executive Guide to the Mills Davis, “Semantic Wave 2006: Executive Guide to the Business Value of Semantic Technologies”:Business Value of Semantic Technologies”:

– Mills is Project10X’s managing director for industry research Mills is Project10X’s managing director for industry research and strategic programs. Mills consults with technology and strategic programs. Mills consults with technology manufacturers, global 2000 corporations, and government manufacturers, global 2000 corporations, and government agencies on next-wave semantic technologies and solutions.agencies on next-wave semantic technologies and solutions.

– Mills serves as lead for the Federal CIO council’s Semantic Mills serves as lead for the Federal CIO council’s Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) research into Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) research into the business value of semantic technologies. Also, he a the business value of semantic technologies. Also, he a founding member of the AIIM interoperable enterprise founding member of the AIIM interoperable enterprise content management (iECM) working group, and a founding content management (iECM) working group, and a founding member of the National Center for Ontology Research member of the National Center for Ontology Research (NCOR).(NCOR).

– A noted researcher and industry analyst, Mills has authored A noted researcher and industry analyst, Mills has authored more than 100 reports, whitepapers, articles, and industry more than 100 reports, whitepapers, articles, and industry studies.studies.