13
Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected] Decryption. There is a Total of almost 142.36 Acres of farm land. 95 acres are certified organic. There is a fully functioning packing house and distribution facility. There is a working website and storefront that has customers all over the world. Old trees have been eliminated and replaced with newer trees that are starting to produce full crops. The purchase includes APN's 751290004,014,015 and 016, 751280012,015. The crops include a Grove of Fan Palms, Date trees that include Medjool, Barhi, Deglet Noor and Zagloos. The Citrus produced on farm includes Minneola Tangelo, sweet lime, Temple Oranges, grapefruit (White, Ruby, Rio Red) , Lemons, Blood oranges, Sour Oranges, and Kumquats. Trucks and Equipment are included in the sale. See the attached document for inventory list. The Brown Date Garden has been a flourishing farm since the 1930's Localizado en la Avenida 70 y Grapefruit Blvd. En Total en una de 142.36 Acres + - Propietario lo financia con un interés de 5.00% Anual y con la facilidad de poder pagar 2 pagos por anuales. Se tiene al momento las palmas de Dátiles MEDJOOLES Y BARHI, más los Árboles frutales de Naranjas, toronjas Mandarina, y otros más. There are certificate Organic Date Medjooles and Barhi and Fruits. El Rancho se compone de 5 Parcelas y una Tienda donde se vende la fruta, Orgánica, y su Mayores ventas son muy importantes. Selling price, $36,000.00 per Acre, Finance terms to pay 2 time per year a 5.00 % interest we only 25.00 % down payment. If you want to continue selling by mail or sell it to those who buy your vegetables, there fruit are Organic certificate / $36,000 X ACRE. Precio de venta, $36,000.00 por Acre, Financiamiento a pagar 2 veces anual, a el 5.00. % de interés anual. Si comparado quiere seguir vendiendo por Internet y en la tienda, lo puede seguir realizando, Todo el Rancho tiene la certificación de Orgánico

Selling price, $36,000.00 per Acre, Finance terms to pay 2 ......Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760 -905 1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    0

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    Decryption. There is a Total of almost 142.36 Acres of farm land. 95 acres are certified organic. There is a fully functioning packing house and distribution facility. There is a working website and storefront that has customers all over the world. Old trees have been eliminated and replaced with newer trees that are starting to produce full crops. The purchase includes APN's 751290004,014,015 and 016, 751280012,015. The crops include a Grove of Fan Palms, Date trees that include Medjool, Barhi, Deglet Noor and Zagloos. The Citrus produced on farm includes Minneola Tangelo, sweet lime, Temple Oranges, grapefruit (White, Ruby, Rio Red) , Lemons, Blood oranges, Sour Oranges, and Kumquats. Trucks and Equipment are included in the sale. See the attached document for inventory list. The Brown Date Garden has been a flourishing farm since the 1930's Localizado en la Avenida 70 y Grapefruit Blvd. En Total en una de 142.36 Acres + - Propietario lo financia con un interés de 5.00% Anual y con la facilidad de poder pagar 2 pagos por anuales. Se tiene al momento las palmas de Dátiles MEDJOOLES Y BARHI, más los Árboles frutales de Naranjas, toronjas Mandarina, y otros más. There are certificate Organic Date Medjooles and Barhi and Fruits. El Rancho se compone de 5 Parcelas y una Tienda donde se vende la fruta, Orgánica, y su Mayores ventas son muy importantes.

    Selling price, $36,000.00 per Acre, Finance terms to pay 2 time per year a 5.00 % interest we

    only 25.00 % down payment. If you want to continue selling by mail or sell it to those who buy

    your vegetables, there fruit are Organic certificate / $36,000 X ACRE.

    Precio de venta, $36,000.00 por Acre, Financiamiento a pagar 2 veces anual, a el 5.00. %

    de interés anual. Si comparado quiere seguir vendiendo por Internet y en la tienda, lo

    puede seguir realizando, Todo el Rancho tiene la certificación de Orgánico

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    These properties are within Coachella Valley District service, for your agricultural Irrigation service,

    Oasis / Valley Floor Area Improvements.

    The recommended improvements for this area have been divided into 10 different Stomwater Systems and the

    Coachella Valley Stomwater Channels discussed in the next section refer to.

    Plate 2 Alluvial fan flooding is a major concern for the Oasis / Valley floor region. Divisions / Control of alluvia fan

    flows be achieved primarily trout training levees that will guide flows towards the inlets of the proposed conveyance

    channel. 3 basins are proposed to capture the sediments and debris from the alluvial fan for the 68th Avenue

    Stomwater System, Kings Road Stomwater System, and the Avenue 84 Stomwater System.

    List of the Stomwater system is provided below.

    Facility Sizing Criteria.

    On March 25, 2013 CVWD. Adopted Online 1234.1 which updated its Stomwater polices.

    The standards contained in this ordinance were used to compute Stomwater runoff and to size the facilities

    identified in the Master Plan, A summary of the key provisions is listed below:

    1. The national Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA Atlas 14 ) 100 yeas rainfall depths are

    utilized to calculate the 100 years discharge.

    2. The 6- Hour Indio Storm of September 24, 1939 Standard Project ( SPS ) is utilized for calculating the

    standard project flood ( SPF )

    3. The design standard for the Coachella Valley Stormwater Cannel is the SPS / SPF peak flow with a

    minimum of foot freeboard.

    4. All other master plan facilities are sized to the 100 Storm / 100 – years food

    5. Incised Stormwater Channels deigned to the 100-years Stormwater/100-year flood standard has a minimum

    of the three feet of freeboard.

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    Recommended Improvements. The recommended improvements outlined below are generally shown on Plate 2. Supporting date for all proposed facilities are contained in the Mecca / North Shore area and Oasis / Valley floor area, Master Plan reports, These reports are available from CVWD.

    Training Levees and debris basins are proposed to capture all desilt Stormwater flows from the Santa Rosa Mountains. Runoff from these basins and from the Valley floors are proposed to the conveyed by trapezoidal concrete lined channels. The open channels will have a minimum bottom width of 4 feet and minimum longitudinal slope of 0.10 % . Where possible the design water surface elevation is kept below the adjacent ground elevation in order to avoid a Levee conditions. Where this is not possible (near Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel ) one additional foot of freeboard is included, Consisted with CVWD Standers . Where open channels are proposed, Right-of-way will be required to include the channel with and 20.00 – foot Maintenance roads on each bank ( See figure -1 )

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    Dates and Nutrition, Refer to the fruits of the date palm tree. These are probably one of the oldest cultivated fruits and have been a part of the staple diet in the Middle Eastern countries. They are believed to have originated somewhere around the Persian Gulf. A typical date fruit is a drupe where the outer fleshy part surrounds a shell of hardened endocarp consisting of a seed inside. These fruits are oval to cylindrical in shape and about 3 to 7 cm long. Unripe fruits are bright yellow or red in color. On ripening, they become brown and shriveled, resembling a prune. There are several varieties of dates which can be categorized into three groups based on their sugar content- soft, semi-dry and dried dates. All varieties of dates are same in all respects except slight differences in taste and size. Dates can be consumed in both fresh and dried forms. They are sweet with a rich deep flavor and a slightly chewy texture. Though most of the varieties have seeds, pitted dates (dates with seeds removed) are also available. They can be chopped, candied, stuffed and added to various recipes. They are used in several recipes in the Middle East such as stuffed dates, date nut bread, ma’amoul etc. Besides their rich taste, they are a powerhouse of nutrition that can greatly boost your energy. Muslims break their fast with dates in the holy month of Ramadan. They make a great combination of taste and health.

    Health Benefits of Date Fruit: The rich nutritional content of dates makes them beneficial for your health in several ways. The various health benefits of date fruits are as follows: 1. Cures Anemia: Anemia is characterized by unusually low quantity of red blood cells in the human body and is caused by the deficiency of iron. Dates contain an impressive level of iron which makes them the perfect home remedy for treating iron deficiency. Consumption of dates on a regular basis can greatly boost the amount of iron in the blood. The high level of iron not only balances out the inherent lack of iron in anemic patients but also increases strength and vitality. 2. Treatment of Constipation: Dates are a wonderful laxative food. This makes them beneficial for those suffering from constipation. They are rich in soluble fiber, which plays an important role in promoting healthy bowel movements and comfortable passage of food through the intestinal tract. All you need to do is soak the dates in water overnight. Eat these soaked dates next morning like syrup to get the best results. 3. Treatment of Diarrhea: Passing of 4 or more loose, watery stools in a day is called Diarrhea. This nasty health problem is caused due to several factors, which may or may not be contagious. Ripe dates are effective in treating diarrhea as they contain potassium which helps in managing looseness of the bowels. They are also easily digestible which helps in alleviating chronic diarrhea. The soluble fiber in dates also provides bulk to the bowel movements and promotes healthy functioning of the excretory system. 4. Bone Health: Packed with significant amounts of minerals, dates are useful in strengthening bones and curing painful diseases like osteoporosis. Minerals such as selenium, manganese, copper and magnesium found in dates greatly contribute to healthy bone development and strength, particularly with the progression of age when bones gradually weaken. 5. Prevents Abdominal Cancer: Abdominal cancer includes stomach cancer, renal cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and bowel or colorectal cancer. Research has shown that dates work to reduce the risk and impact of abdominal cancer. Additionally, they can be easily ingested and utilized for providing surplus energy. 6. Treatment Of Intestinal Disorders: The presence of nicotine in dates can inhibit the growth of harmful pathological organisms and promote the growth of friendly bacteria in the intestines. Besides, they contain soluble and insoluble fibers, as well as beneficial amino acids, which ensure proper digestion of food. This results in full absorption of the nutrients by the digestive tract and their proper usage in the body. 7. Maintains Healthy Nervous System: The nervous system includes both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Dates are a good source of vitamins which boost the health and functionality of the human nervous system. The abundant potassium content of dates also works to increase the speed and alertness of the brain. Potassium, which is a vital element of cells and body fluids, also control the heart rate and blood pressure level of the body, thus preventing coronary heart disease and heart stroke.

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    8. Good for Heart: Soaking dates at night and eating them crushed in the morning is beneficial for a weak heart. When consumed twice a week, these tiny storehouses of health help in building up the heart. Besides, they are a rich source of potassium which has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke and other heart diseases. They prevent heart disease, heart attack and stroke by reducing the levels of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) in the body. 9. Treatment of Allergies: Dates contain organic Sulphur, which is rarely found in other foods. Organic Sulphur has several health benefits, which include reduction of allergic reactions and seasonal allergies. Organic Sulphur compounds are beneficial for people suffering from Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR). Dates are a great option to add Sulphur to the diet and prevent allergies. 10. Treatment of Night Blindness: Daily consumption of dates helps in keeping the eyes healthy and also prevents diseases like night blindness. A paste of date leaves can be rubbed on and around the eyes or dates can be ingested orally to reduce night blindness. 11. Promotes Weight Gain: If you are underweight, dates are probably just the thing for you! They are a great source of sugar, proteins and many essential vitamins. Consuming dates with cucumber paste helps to maintain normal healthy weight without causing malnourishment. If you are thin and slim, you can eat dates to increase your weight and build muscles. 12. Treatment of Sexual Weakness: Dates are a natural aphrodisiac. Certain studies have shown that dates are beneficial in increasing sexual stamina. A handful of dates can be soaked in goat’s milk overnight and then ground within the same milk along with cardamom powder and honey. This acts as an effective tonic for increasing sexual endurance and reducing sterility. Dates contain high levels of estradiol and flavonoid, which can increase sperm count and motility. 13. Dental Health: Dates contain fluorine, an important chemical element that inhibits tooth decay by removing plaque as well as strengthening the tooth enamel. Tooth enamel is made up of hydroxyapatites which becomes resistant against tooth decay when it meets fluorine. 14. Beneficial for Pregnant Women: Dates also offer several benefits during pregnancy. Being rich in iron, dates prevent anemia in the would-be-mother as well as the fetus. They also cause an improvement in the uterus muscles, allowing it to enlarge in a smooth manner. Dates also improve the mother’s milk by providing adequate nutrition to it. They prevent hemorrhage soon after childbirth. 15. Treatment of Intoxication: Alcoholism is a problem that devastates not only the drinker but also his family. Dates are a great treatment for alcoholic intoxication, offering quick comfort. They can be rubbed as well as drenched overnight to obtain maximum benefits. Skin Benefits of Date Fruit: The rich nutritional value of dates makes them beneficial for your skin too. Some of the amazing skin care benefits of date palm fruits are given below. 16. Maintenance of Healthy Skin: Red dates are loaded with vitamin C and flavonoids, which can improve the elasticity of your skin and enrich the subcutaneous tissues, thus making your skin tender and smooth. Dates also contain vitamin B5 which helps in preventing skin problems like stretch marks. 17. Anti-ageing Benefits: Dates are a rich source of antioxidants, which can effectively counter the harmful free radicals in the body, thus preventing premature ageing of skin. Vitamin C helps to decrease the occurrence of wrinkles by resisting oxidation and preventing the accumulation of melanin inside the human body. Hair Benefits of Dates: Hair follicles also require adequate nutrition for their proper growth and maintenance. Regular consumption of dates can be beneficial for your hair. 18. Healthy Hair: Dates are abundant in vitamins, particularly vitamin B5, which is vital for the maintenance of healthy hair. Deficiency of this vitamin can cause hair problems like hair loss, brittle hair and split ends. Consumption of dates can help minimize these problems.

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    Nutritional Value of Dates: Dates are a powerhouse of nutrition comprising of vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber but no sodium at all. The chart given below shows that dates are nutrient dense as well.

    • Calories:

    Dates are high in calories with 100 grams of date flesh providing up to 314 calories.

    • Proteins and Fat: Dates are low in proteins and fat but high in sugars, which mainly comprise of fructose and glucose. Date seeds

    have a higher content of fat (9 grams/100 grams) and protein (5.1 grams/ 100 grams) in comparison to the flesh.

    • Vitamins: Dates are moderate sources of vitamin A with 100 grams serving providing 149 International Units (IU) of this vitamin.

    They also contain adequate levels of B complex vitamins such as pyridoxine (vitamin B6), niacin, pantothenic acid and riboflavin as

    well as vitamin K.

    • Minerals: Dates are a rich source of minerals like selenium, copper, potassium, magnesium, manganese, calcium and iron. They

    contain abundant amounts of potassium with 100 grams serving providing 696 mg or 16% of the daily recommended levels of this

    electrolyte. They are also an excellent source of iron, providing 0.90 mg in 100 grams serving which is 11% of the recommended daily

    intake.

    Types of Dates: There are several varieties of dates depending upon the cultivars. Some of the popular varieties of dates include the following:

    1. Medjool: This variety has its origin in Morocco. These are large and extremely delicious with a rich toffee-like flavor.

    2. Barhi: This variety is native to Basra in Iraq. These are round and mild amber to darkish brown in color (on ripening). They are gentle

    with thicker flesh and luxurious taste.

    3. Halawy: This variety is native to Iraq. These are incredibly sweet and small to moderate in size.

    4. Dayri: Also known as the Monastery Date, these dates are lengthy, slim, black in color and gentle.

    5. Deglet Noor: This is one of the best varieties available in Algeria and Tunisia. These are semi dry and not so sweet. They are mostly

    used in cooking.

    6. Saidy: These are extremely popular in Libya and extremely sweet. They are mostly grown in hot weather conditions.

    7. Maktoum: This variety is huge, thick skinned and reddish brown in color. They are gentle and moderately sweet.

    8. Hayani: They are substantially grown in Egypt. These are gentle and dark red to black in color.

    9. Migraf: Also known as Mejraf, they are popular in Southern Yemen because of their excellent quality. These are large and golden

    amber in color.

    10. Iteema: This variety is native to Algeria and is extremely sweet. These are big, oblong in shape and mild amber in color.

    Don’t just go by the size of the fruit. Dates are tiny powerhouses when it comes to health benefits. Make this delicious fruit a part of your

    daily diet and nourish your health and beauty!

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    Agricultural Property Listings Key Terms Learn some of the terms associated with purchasing land through agricultural property listings

    By. Salvador Hernandez. Agricultural property listings are a little bit different than their residential listing counterparts. Things like the amount of acreage that can be

    farmed, type of soil and growing season all come into play when securing a loan and obtaining and piece of agricultural property. Take the

    time to learn about some of the different terms associated with agricultural property listings. Here are some of those terms along with

    informational resources to help get you started.

    Absentee landlord.

    An absentee landlord is essentially a landlord who leases their farm land to a prospective farmer so that the farmer may grow their crop.

    Both the landlord and the farmer share in the profits depending on the pre-negotiated terms. When dealing with agricultural property

    listings, some may offer lease or absentee landlord services. Visit the University of Missouri Extension website for more information on

    how an function. Boundary lines.

    The boundary lines refer to the edges of the property on all sides. Often the boundary lines have been surveyed and recorded in the county

    clerk's office. When dealing with agricultural listings, many of them will detail the plots of land along with a surveyor's map that illustrates

    the boundary lines. Acreage is determined from the boundary lines.

    Accredited rural appraiser.

    An accredited rural appraiser specializes in calculating the potential and current value of farm or rural land. Because farm loans may be

    structured differently than home loans, it's imperative that an accredited rural appraiser determines the value of the land. An agricultural

    property listing should indicate if an accredited rural appraiser has appraised the land.

    Visit the website for the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers for additional information on an accredited rural

    appraiser.

    Valuation of land.

    Like residential properties, agricultural land has a valuation which property taxes are based upon. However, with a piece of agricultural

    land, determining the type of agriculture and identifying the working structures on the land all go into an assessment. Alongside the

    assessment will be the tax basis from that assessment. Normally, a new assessment will be performed on the property to reflect current

    market valuations. Any improvements or increase in land value will raise the taxes on that agricultural listing.

    Visit the website for the Boulder County Assessor's Office to gain a general idea about the metrics that go into calculating the valuation of

    the land. The valuation merits the tax basis.

    Counter cyclical payment, counter cyclical payment calculator.

    A counter cyclical payment is a payment made by the United States government to a farmer if their crop value falls below a certain

    threshold. It's an insurance policy of sorts. When dealing with agricultural property listings, many of them have a counter cyclical payment

    calculator to factor in the amount of government aid they will receive and can apply against a mortgage. also defines and explains the term

    further. 0,50/85-92 provisions—Refers to the so-called 50/85 and 50/92 provisions for rice and cotton and the 0/85 and 0/92 provisions for wheat and feed grains that were in effect in various forms from 1986 through 1995. Under these provisions, farmers could idle all or part of their permitted acreage, putting the idled land in a conserving use, and still receive deficiency payments for part of the acreage. A minimum planting requirement of 50 percent of maximum payment acreage was required in order to receive these payments in the case of rice and cotton.

    Beginning farmer or rancher—These are farmers and ranchers (or all members of the entity) who (a) have not operated a

    farm or ranch for more than 10 consecutive years, and (b) will materially or substantially participate in the operation of the

    farm or ranch. Beginning farmer or rancher loans

    To qualify as a beginning farmer or rancher under USDA's Farm Service Agency guidelines, the loan applicant must be an

    individual or entity who (1) has not operated a farm or ranch for more than 10 years; (2) meets the loan eligibility requirements

    of the program to which he/she is applying; and (3) substantially participates in the operation. For farm ownership (FO) loan

    purposes, applicant cannot own a farm greater than 30 percent of the average size farm in the county. For direct FO loans,

    applicant must have participated in business operation of a farm for at least 3 years. If the applicant is an entity, all members

    must be related by blood or marriage, and all stockholders in a corporation must be eligible beginning farmers.

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=G781http://portal.asfmra.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4dcgi/asfmra/find/index.htmlhttp://www.bouldercounty.org/ASSESSOR/agriculture.html#788Valuationofirri

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    Sealed sale bid To and offer made by agent for buyer to a seller agent that only those two parties can see. Once the potential buyer has

    submitted their Offer by his Agent, they can only raise the amount, not lower it. These offers are usually made on a price per

    acre basis and are relevant for both purchasing and leasing land.

    Visit the website for Fathom Realty Group Inc. or further information Call to Salvador Hernandez on how a sealed bid is

    placed and operates.

    The transfer. of heat is a very important factor to understand and to be able to control during the processing and storage of many food and agricultural products. There are a number of thermal properties that must be understood for the successful

    process design of all procedures that involve heating and cooling of foods.

    Specific Heat

    The most basic thermal property is specific heat (cp). The p subscript indicates that the value is the specific heat at constant

    pressure. The specific heat of any material is the amount of heat required to raise one unit of mass of the material by one

    degree. The most commonly used units for specific heat are kJ/(kg-K), Btu/(lb-F), and cal/(g-K). An important equation

    relating specific heat, mass of the sample (M), the amount of heat that must be added (Q), and the initial and final temperatures

    of the sample (T1 and T2) is seen below.

    There are several equations that can be used to predict unknown specific heats for food and agricultural products. The first two

    equations are based on the wet basis moisture content (M) of the product. Wet basis moisture content, introduced here, will be

    covered more extensively in a later section. For the sake of these equations use wet basis moisture content in decimal (rather

    than percentage) form.

    These equations predict specific heat in kJ/(kg-K).

    Above freezing: cp = 0.837 + 3.348M

    Below freezing: cp = 0.837 + 1.256M.

    Another equation commonly used to estimate the specific heat for foods in kJ/(kg-K) takes into account the mass fraction (X)

    of all of the solids that compose the product. As seen as subscripts in the following equation, w is water, p protein, f fat, c

    carbohydrate, and an ash.

    cp = 4.180Xw + 1.711Xp + 1.928Xf + 1.547Xc + 0.908Xa . Thermal Conductivity.

    Thermal conductivity (k) is another important thermal property. Normally expressed in the units W/(m-K) or Btu/(h-ft-F), it is

    a property that tells how well a material conducts heat. Heat conduction is the transfer of energy between neighboring

    molecules within a material. The following equation relates the thermal conductivity to the amount of heat that flows through

    the material per unit of time (dQ/dt), the cross sectional area of the material through which the heat Flows (A), and the

    temperature difference per unit of length of the conducting material.

    ( dt/dx).

    Thermal conductivity can be greatly influenced by a number of factors such as the water content, porosity, and even fiber

    orientation of the material. However, there are a couple of equations that allow for the estimation of k when experimental data

    are not available. The following equation yields the best results when used at higher moisture contents. It relates the weight

    fraction of water Xw, thermal conductivity of water kw, and the thermal conductivity of the solids portion of the material ks,

    which is assumed to be 0.259 W/(m-K).

    k = kwXw + ks(1 – Xw)

    Below is another equation for estimating thermal conductivity. It is only considered useful for materials containing greater than

    50% water. k = 0.056 + 0.57 Xw

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • Fathom Realty Group Inc DRE01901202 / Salvador Hernandez DRE 01277108 760-905-1103 [email protected] Stephen Powell DRE 0148821 760-861-8060 fx 760-347-8060 [email protected]

    Thermal Diffusivity.

    Thermal Diffusivity (a) is a thermal property to describe a homogeneous, isotropic material where k, r, and cp are constant

    throughout the material for the entire temperature range being considered. This quantity reveals the material’s ability to

    conduct heat relative to its ability to store heat. Thermal diffusivity is equal to k/(r*cp) and is usually expressed in the units of

    m2/s or ft2/s. Its primary use is in the following partial differential equation, Fourier’s general law of heat conduction. This

    equation expresses the temperature (T) variation within a three dimensional object (x,y,z)

    Thermal Diffusivity can also be estimated based on the weight fraction of its water, fat, protein, and carbohydrate components

    using the following equation.

    a = 0.146*10-6Xw + 0.100*10-6Xf + 0.075*10-6Xp + 0.082*10-6Xc

    Latent Heat,

    Latent heat (L) is the heat that is exchanged with a material during a phase change, when the heat exchanged does not result in

    a change in the temperature of the material. The units for latent heat are kJ/kg or Btu/lb. Latent heat is usually subdivided into

    latent heat of freezing and latent heat of vaporization. An example of latent heat of freezing is the 335 kJ that 1 kg of water

    releases while maintaining its temperature at 0 C when changing from the liquid to the solid state. Latent heat of vaporization

    is represented by the 2257 kJ that 1 kg of water must absorb while temperature remains constant at 100 C to evaporate from

    liquid into vapor. Latent heat can represent a huge expenditure of energy in food processing when freezing or evaporation is

    involved. Latent heat is best determined through experimentation, but it also can be estimated based on the mass fraction of

    water in the product. L = 335Xw

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]