Selenium WebDriver - LDSTech What is Selenium WebDriver? ... USE ON: test classes and test methods Specifies which driver to use for a class or method Attributes: • key (optional):

Selenium WebDriver: Enhanced Integration with the

Java Stack

Notes

This is a training, NOT a presentation

Please be prepared to:

• Learn

• Ask questions

• Participate in the labs

http://tech.lds.org/wiki/Java_Stack_Training

Prerequisites

Required:

• "Unit Testing with TestNG"

• "Integration Testing and Test Data Builders"

Recommended:

• "Test Doubles, Mocks, and Matchers"

• "Functional Testing with the Java Stack Test Runner"

Agenda

• What is Selenium WebDriver?

• Using Stack Selenium

• Customizing Stack Selenium drivers and execution

• Using multiple drivers per test

• Selenium Grid

• Gotchas

SELENIUM WEBDRIVER?

What is

SELENIUM WEBDRIVER

http://www.flickr.com/photos/foto-kouba/6783399423/

SELENIUM WEBDRIVER

Browser Client

We

bD

rive

r

How To: WebDriver

• Add the Selenium WebDriver Maven dependencies

• Install the browser that you want to drive

• Write the code that:

• starts the driver

• executes the automation

• closes the driver

Maven Setup

Tests go in the QA module

• Tests should end in "FT"

Tests will be executed by the ALM module

project/ qa/ src/ test/ java/ pom.xml alm/ pom.xml pom.xml

Tests go here

Maven Setup




> mvn clean install > mvn alm-promote

Maven Setup




> mvn clean install > mvn alm-promote

How To: WebDriver public class BasicExampleFT {

@BeforeClass(alwaysRun = true) protected void setUp() { webDriver = new FirefoxDriver(); shortWait = new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 5); } @AfterClass(alwaysRun = true) protected void teardown() { webDriver.quit(); } @Test public void inSearchOfCheese() { webDriver.get("http://www.google.com"); WebElement element = webDriver.findElement(By.name("q")); element.sendKeys("cheese!"); element.submit(); shortWait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleIs("cheese!...")); }

}

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.BasicExampleFT

Limitations

Setup and management of WebDriver

• When should I start the driver?

• When should I stop the driver?

• How do I configure the driver consistently?

Setup and management of browsers

• On workstation

• On server

STACK SELENIUM

Introducing

Goals

• Minimize effort to start, configure and manage tests

• Consistency in test structure and lifecycle

• Encourage good practices and habits

Stack Selenium

Leverages:

• TestNG

• Spring TestContext framework

STACK SELENIUM

Browser

Client

WebD

rive

r

WebD

river

Web

Driver

Browser

Getting Started







Getting Started







Add the stack-

selenium Maven

dependency

Maven Dependencies

<dependency> <groupId>org.lds.stack.qa</groupId> <artifactId>stack-selenium</artifactId>

</dependency> <dependency>

<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId>

</dependency>

Latest version of

stack-selenium is

4.2.2.

Getting Started

public class ImprovedExampleFT extends AbstractDefaultSeleniumFT {

@Test public void inSearchOfCheese() {

webDriver.get("http://www.google.com"); WebElement element = webDriver.findElement(By.name("q")); element.sendKeys("cheese!"); element.submit(); shortWait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleIs("cheese…"));

} }

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.ImprovedExampleFT

What's Provided?

WebDriver reference (webDriver)

WebDriverWait objects ("waiters")

• shortWait (5 seconds)

• mediumWait (10 seconds)

• longWait (30 seconds)

LAB 1

http://openclipart.org/detail/22736/lab-icon-2-by-papapishu

DRIVER SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Customizing

Framework Configuration

Uses Spring configuration classes

• Configuration class

• On test class

@Configuration // other annotations, as needed public class MyConfiguration { // one or more bean definitions here }

@ContextConfiguration(classes = MyConfiguration.class) public class MyFunctionalTestFT extends AbstractSeleniumFT { // tests go here }


Uses Spring configuration classes

• Configuration class

• On test class

@Configuration // other annotations, as needed public class MyConfiguration { // one or more bean definitions here }

@ContextConfiguration(classes = MyConfiguration.class) public class MyFunctionalTestFT extends AbstractSeleniumFT { // tests go here }

Which Class Should I

Use? AbstractDefaultSeleniumFT

• "The defaults drivers and waits work for me"

AbstractSeleniumFT

• "I want more control over my drivers and waits"

AbstractMultiDriverSeleniumFT

• "I want to run the same tests over multiple drivers"

(and I like really long class names)


• Add our own configuration annotations to configuration class

@ContextConfiguration( classes = AbstractDefaultSeleniumFT.DefaultConfiguration.class) public class AbstractDefaultSeleniumFT extends AbstractSeleniumFT { // various injected elements @Configuration @EnableSeleniumSupport(includeDefaultDrivers = true) @DefaultWebDriverWaits static class DefaultConfiguration { } }

org.lds.stack.qa.selenium.AbstractDefaultSeleniumFT

@EnableSeleniumSupport

USE ON: Spring configuration classes

Makes the switchable/configurable web driver available

• Registers any web driver configurations

Attributes:

• includeDefaultDrivers (default false): include default drivers in the

configuration

@Configuration @EnableSeleniumSupport class MyConfiguration { }

includeDefaultDrivers=true

Adds the following drivers to the test container:

• DEFAULT-htmlUnit.HTML_UNIT

• DEFAULT-firefox.FIREFOX

• DEFAULT-chrome.CHROME

@Configuration @EnableSeleniumSupport(includeDefaultDrivers = true) class MyConfiguration { }

includeDefaultDrivers=true

Adds the following drivers to the test container:




Only the drivers found

in dependencies

@Configuration @EnableSeleniumSupport(includeDefaultDrivers = true) class MyConfiguration { }

DRIVER IDENTIFIERS

A brief detour

Driver Identifiers

DEFAULT-htmlUnit.HTML_UNIT

Driver key or name Driver Type

Driver Identifiers

DEFAULT-htmlUnit.HTML_UNIT

Driver key or name Driver Type

You decide on

a name! Must be a valid

value

Which Driver to Use

• REMOTE

• HTML_UNIT

• FIREFOX

• CHROME

Then by driver

name/key in

alphabetical order

org.lds.stack.qa.selenium.core.DriverType

Quiz #1




Quiz #1



• DEFAULT-htmlUnit.HTML_UNIT X

Quiz #2

• driver1.CHROME

• driver1.REMOTE

• driver2.CHROME

Quiz #2

• driver1.CHROME

• driver1.REMOTE X

• driver2.CHROME

BACK TO OUR PROGRAM

And now…

@UseSeleniumDriver

USE ON: test classes and test methods

Specifies which driver to use for a class or method

Attributes:

• key (optional): the driver name or key or use

• driverType (optional): the driver type to use

@UseSeleniumDriver( key = "myDriver", driverType = DriverType.HTML_UNIT) @ContextConfiguration(classes = MyConfiguration.class) public class MyTestFT extends AbstractSeleniumFT { // code happens }

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.UseSeleniumDriverFT

@UseSeleniumDriver


Specifies which driver to use for a class or method

Attributes:

• key (optional): the driver name or key or use

• driverType (optional): the driver type to use

@UseSeleniumDriver( key = "myDriver", driverType = DriverType.HTML_UNIT) @Test public void testSomethingOnlyWithThisDriver() { // test something }

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.UseSeleniumDriverFT

@DriverClose


Manages when a WebDriver should be closed

Attributes:

• closeAround (defaults to CLASS): when should driver be closed

@DriverClose @ContextConfiguration(classes = MyConfiguration.class) public class MyTestFT extends AbstractSeleniumFT { // code happens }

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.DriverCloseFT

@DriverClose



Attributes:


@DriverClose(closeAround = DriverClose.CloseAround.METHODS) @ContextConfiguration(classes = MyConfiguration.class) public class MyTestFT extends AbstractSeleniumFT { // code happens }


@DriverClose



Attributes:


@DriverClose @Test public void testSomethingOnlyWithThisDriver() { // test something }


@DefaultWebDriverWaits


Adds the following WebDriverWait objects:

• shortWait (5 seconds)

• mediumWait (10 seconds)

• longWait (30 seconds)

@Configuration @DefaultWebDriverWaits class MyConfiguration { }

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.DefaultWebDriverWaitsFT

@WebDriverWait


Adds a WebDriverWait with the specified name

Attributes

• name: name of the waiter

• timeout: time (in seconds) that waiter should wait

• interval (defaults to 250): frequency waiter should poll (in ms)

@Configuration @WebDriverWait(name = "myWait" timeout = 7) class MyConfiguration { }

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.WebDriverWaitFT

@WebDriverWaits


Specifies a collection of @WebDriverWait elements

Attributes

• value: zero or more @WebDriverWait elements

@Configuration @WebDriverWaits({ @WebDriverWait(name = "shortWait", timeout = 5), @WebDriverWait(name = "mediumWait", timeout = 10), @WebDriverWait(name = "longWait", timeout = 30) }) class MyConfiguration { }

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.WebDriverWaitsFT

Annotation Summary

Spring Configuration

• @EnableSeleniumSupport

• @DefaultWebDriverWaits

• @WebDriverWait

• @WebDriverWaits

Test Configuration

• @UseSeleniumDriver

• @DriverClose

• @UseSeleniumDrivers

…to be

continued

WebDriverConfigurer

USE IN: Spring configuration classes

Defines a new WebDriver for use in tests

@Configuration class MyConfiguration { @Bean(name = "myHtmlUnit-driver") public WebDriverConfigurer<HtmlUnitDriver> htmlUnitDriver() { return new WebDriverConfigurer<HtmlUnitDriver>() { public HtmlUnitDriver configure() { return new HtmlUnitDriver(); } }; }

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.WebDriverConfigurerFT

WebDriverConfigurer

USE IN: Spring configuration classes

Defines a new WebDriver for use in tests

@Configuration class MyConfiguration { @Bean(name = "myHtmlUnit-driver") public WebDriverConfigurer<HtmlUnitDriver> htmlUnitDriver() { return new WebDriverConfigurer<HtmlUnitDriver>() { public HtmlUnitDriver configure() { return new HtmlUnitDriver(); } }; }

If omitted, uses the

method name for the

driver name

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.WebDriverConfigurerFT

LAB 2

http://openclipart.org/detail/22736/lab-icon-2-by-papapishu

MULTIPLE DRIVERS ON TESTS

Using

Using Multiple Drivers

Options include:

• Duplicate test methods or classes

• Create TestNG suite configurations


Options include:

• Duplicate test methods or classes

• Create TestNG suite configurations

• Use AbstractMultiDriverSeleniumFT!

Multiple Drivers - Steps

• Extend AbstractMultiDriverSeleniumFT

• Create a Spring configuration class

• Attach configuration class to test

• Add @UseSeleniumDrivers annotation to class

• Add constructor to accept driver selectors


@UseSeleniumDrivers(drivers = { @UseSeleniumDriver(driverType = DriverType.HTML_UNIT), @UseSeleniumDriver(driverType = DriverType.FIREFOX) })

@ContextConfiguration(classes = MultiDriverConfiguration.class) public class MultiDriverSeleniumFT

extends AbstractMultiDriverSeleniumFT { @Autowired private Wait<WebDriver> shortWait; @Factory(dataProvider = "driverDataProvider") public MultiDriverSeleniumFT(String predicateAsString) {

super(predicateAsString); } // some tests

}

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.MultiDriverSeleniumFT

SELENIUM GRID

Using

SELENIUM GRID

Browser Client

We

bD

rive

r

Selenium Grid – Getting

Started • Create a RemoteWebDriver configuration for each browser

• Select the driver using @UseSeleniumDriver

@Bean public WebDriverConfigurer<RemoteWebDriver> chromeGrid() {

return new WebDriverConfigurer<RemoteWebDriver>() { public RemoteWebDriver configure() {

return new RemoteWebDriver( new URL(GRID_ROOT_URL + "/wd/hub"), DesiredCapabilities.chrome());

} };

}

org.lds.stack.training.webdriver.example.GridExampleFT

HEADLESS DRIVER?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/friedwater/2750747024/

GOTCHAS

http://www.flickr.com/photos/kwl/5199093132/

Updating Versions

• Stack-selenium version

• Selenium version

<properties> ... <stackSeleniumVersion>4.2.2</stackSeleniumVersion> ...

</properties>

<properties> ... <seleniumVersion>2.30.0</seleniumVersion> ...

</properties>

Configuring Browsers

Read the docs!

• Selenium WebDriver site –

https://code.google.com/p/selenium/

• ChromeDriver –

https://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver

• FirefoxDriver –

https://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/FirefoxDriver

SUMMARY

Upcoming Features

Support for augmenters

• TakesScreenshot

• JavaScriptExecutor

Increased driver support

• GhostDriver

• SafariDriver

More WebDriver expectations

Stack Selenium, Part Two

• WebDriver testing techniques

• Page Objects

• Environment configuration

Java Testing Toolkit

• Testing framework: TestNG

• Test assertions: Hamcrest Matchers and Stack Unit Test utilities

• Test doubles and mocks: Mockito

• Integration testing framework: Spring TestContext

• Test data builders: Make-it-Easy

• Test runner: Stack TestRunner

• Functional testing: Stack Selenium

THANKS

Documents

Selenium WebDriver - LDSTech What is Selenium WebDriver? ... USE ON: test classes and test methods Specifies which driver to use for a class or method Attributes: • key (optional):