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SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
1
Step 1 Brainstorm for ideas
Write down all the ideas you can think of
Donacutet worry about whether the idea is relevant
Donacutet worry about grammar or spelling
You can write in your own language
Step 2 Organise your ideas
Decide which ideas to keep and cross out the others
Group similar ideas together
Organise the groups according to a writing plan
Step 3 Focus on language
Think of words and expressions you will need in your work
Step 4 Write a first draft
Write your first draft on the computer or by hand If you are writing by hand
use a pencil Leave wide margins for notes
Leave space between lines for additions and corrections
Write quickly Donacutet worry about neatness or accuracy
If you canacutet think of a word in English write it in your own language Look up
the word in a dictionary later
If you canacutet spell a word write it any way you can Then check the word in a
dictionary or use a spellcheck when you have finished
Step 5 Check your work
Use the Writer Checklist on this page to improve your work
Step 6 Write a final draft
If you are writing by hand copy your corrected work neatly onto a clean
sheet of paper
Use a pen and leave a margin on the left-hand side
Make sure your paragraphs are clearly indicated
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
2
NOTE helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
You can indicate the beginning of a paragraph by
1 Indenting (moving the first word of the paragraph to the right)
2 Skipping a line before beginning a new paragraph Each paragraph begins at
the left-hand margin Both styles are correct but be consistent in your
writing The indented style is preferred for informal letters
WRITERacuteS CHECKLIST
ORGANIZATION I organized my work according to a plan Each paragraph has one topic My paragraphs are clearly indicated My ideas are in al logical order I used suitable connectors to link my ideas
CONTENT My work is interesting and original I began with a suitable opening sentence I presented my ideas clearly I included only relevant ideas I supported my ideas with details and examples (opinion for and against essay) I ended with a suitable closing sentences I used connectors to link my ideas
LANGUAGE My grammar is correct My spelling is correct My word order is correct My punctuation is correct I used capital letter correctly I used adjectives and adverbs correctly
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
3
STEPS OF THE WRITING PROCESS (PDRPP)
Prewrite Collect information and begin organizing ideas using prewriting strategies such as
-brainstorming (either individually or with a group) -notetaking -outlining -webbing
Draft Write a first draft and get feedback either from peers in a writerrsquos response group or from teacher At this stage feedback should focus on
-clear purpose -sense of audience -organized and well-developed ideas
Revise Use feedback to ldquore-visitrdquo the first draft clearing up any ambiguities and developing ideas
Proofread Edit writing correcting errors in spelling grammar etc
Publish Turn in final draft of writing for assessment
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
4
CONNECTORS
Connectors are linking words which join ideas and show how those ideas are related
to one another They also help us to organize our writing and make it easy for the
reader to follow
Study the chart of connectors and phrases below
Purpose Examples
Adding points And in additionfurthermoremoreoverwhatacutes morebesides alsotooas well as
To express a contrast
But howeverneverthelessyetstillalthough even if even though in spite of despite
To describe a cause or reason
Because (of)since due to as as a result ofoneanother reason forhellipishellip
To describe a result
So thereforeconsequentlythus as a result as a consequence for this reason that is why
To show purpose
In order toso as toso thatto
To describe similarity
Similarlylikewisein the same way
To express personal opinions
In my opinion I (strongly) believe (that) I thinkfeel(that) in my view it seems to me (that) personally as I see it
To introduce facts
In fact as a matter of factactually the truth is (that)
To make general statements
In generalgenerally as a rule on the whole
To list points To begin start with in the first place first of all for one thing firstly secondly thirdlyfinally lastly
To introduce opposing points
On the one hand on the other handin contrast contrary to it can also be argued that but there are people who saythink (that)
To show sequence
Firstat first in the beginningbefore nextthensoonmeanwhilelaterafter that afterwards at last eventually finally in the end during when
To show time Whenwhilebefore after until as soon as by the time
To conclude In conclusion to sum up in short all in all
Linking words
Linking words help you to connect ideas and sentences so that people can
follow what you say Here is a list of linkers
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
5
Giving examples
For example
For instance
Namely
The most common way of giving examples is by using for example or for
instance
Namely refers to something by name
ldquoThere are two problems namely the expense and the timerdquo
Adding information
And
In addition
As well as
Also
Too
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides
Ideas are often linked by and In a list you put a comma between each item
but not before and
We discussed training education and the budget
Also is used to add an extra idea or emphasis We also spoke about
marketing
You can use also with not only to give emphasis
We are concerned not only by the costs but also by the competition
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
6
We dont usually start a sentence with also If you want to start a sentence
with a phrase that means also you can use In addition or In addition to
thishellip
As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence
As well as the costs we are concerned by the competition
We are interested in costs as well as the competition
Too goes either at the end of the sentence or after the subject and means as
well
They were concerned too
I too was concerned
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as or in addition to
Apart from Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Besides Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are
making
Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market Moreover they tell
us about the competition
Summarising
In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a
summary of what we have said or written
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
7
Sequencing ideas
The former hellip the latter
Firstly secondly finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two
points
Marketing and finance are both covered in the course The former is studied
in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term
Firstly hellip secondly hellip finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas
Its rare to use fourthly or fifthly Instead try the first point the second
point the third point and so on
The following is a good way of starting a list
The following people have been chosen to go on the training course N
Peters C Jones and A Owen
Giving a reason
Due to due to the fact that
Owing to owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun
Due to the rise in oil prices the inflation rate rose by 125
Owing to the demand we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
8
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject verb and object)
you must follow the words with the fact that
Due to the fact that oil prices have risen the inflation rate has gone up by
125
Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike the company has
been unable to fulfil all its orders
Because because of
Because of is followed by a noun
Because of bad weather the football match was postponed
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence For
example Because it was raining the match was postponed
We believe in incentive schemes because we want our employees to be
more productive
Since as
Since and as mean because
Since the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
As the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
Giving a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore so consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
2
NOTE helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip
You can indicate the beginning of a paragraph by
1 Indenting (moving the first word of the paragraph to the right)
2 Skipping a line before beginning a new paragraph Each paragraph begins at
the left-hand margin Both styles are correct but be consistent in your
writing The indented style is preferred for informal letters
WRITERacuteS CHECKLIST
ORGANIZATION I organized my work according to a plan Each paragraph has one topic My paragraphs are clearly indicated My ideas are in al logical order I used suitable connectors to link my ideas
CONTENT My work is interesting and original I began with a suitable opening sentence I presented my ideas clearly I included only relevant ideas I supported my ideas with details and examples (opinion for and against essay) I ended with a suitable closing sentences I used connectors to link my ideas
LANGUAGE My grammar is correct My spelling is correct My word order is correct My punctuation is correct I used capital letter correctly I used adjectives and adverbs correctly
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
3
STEPS OF THE WRITING PROCESS (PDRPP)
Prewrite Collect information and begin organizing ideas using prewriting strategies such as
-brainstorming (either individually or with a group) -notetaking -outlining -webbing
Draft Write a first draft and get feedback either from peers in a writerrsquos response group or from teacher At this stage feedback should focus on
-clear purpose -sense of audience -organized and well-developed ideas
Revise Use feedback to ldquore-visitrdquo the first draft clearing up any ambiguities and developing ideas
Proofread Edit writing correcting errors in spelling grammar etc
Publish Turn in final draft of writing for assessment
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
4
CONNECTORS
Connectors are linking words which join ideas and show how those ideas are related
to one another They also help us to organize our writing and make it easy for the
reader to follow
Study the chart of connectors and phrases below
Purpose Examples
Adding points And in additionfurthermoremoreoverwhatacutes morebesides alsotooas well as
To express a contrast
But howeverneverthelessyetstillalthough even if even though in spite of despite
To describe a cause or reason
Because (of)since due to as as a result ofoneanother reason forhellipishellip
To describe a result
So thereforeconsequentlythus as a result as a consequence for this reason that is why
To show purpose
In order toso as toso thatto
To describe similarity
Similarlylikewisein the same way
To express personal opinions
In my opinion I (strongly) believe (that) I thinkfeel(that) in my view it seems to me (that) personally as I see it
To introduce facts
In fact as a matter of factactually the truth is (that)
To make general statements
In generalgenerally as a rule on the whole
To list points To begin start with in the first place first of all for one thing firstly secondly thirdlyfinally lastly
To introduce opposing points
On the one hand on the other handin contrast contrary to it can also be argued that but there are people who saythink (that)
To show sequence
Firstat first in the beginningbefore nextthensoonmeanwhilelaterafter that afterwards at last eventually finally in the end during when
To show time Whenwhilebefore after until as soon as by the time
To conclude In conclusion to sum up in short all in all
Linking words
Linking words help you to connect ideas and sentences so that people can
follow what you say Here is a list of linkers
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
5
Giving examples
For example
For instance
Namely
The most common way of giving examples is by using for example or for
instance
Namely refers to something by name
ldquoThere are two problems namely the expense and the timerdquo
Adding information
And
In addition
As well as
Also
Too
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides
Ideas are often linked by and In a list you put a comma between each item
but not before and
We discussed training education and the budget
Also is used to add an extra idea or emphasis We also spoke about
marketing
You can use also with not only to give emphasis
We are concerned not only by the costs but also by the competition
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
6
We dont usually start a sentence with also If you want to start a sentence
with a phrase that means also you can use In addition or In addition to
thishellip
As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence
As well as the costs we are concerned by the competition
We are interested in costs as well as the competition
Too goes either at the end of the sentence or after the subject and means as
well
They were concerned too
I too was concerned
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as or in addition to
Apart from Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Besides Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are
making
Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market Moreover they tell
us about the competition
Summarising
In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a
summary of what we have said or written
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
7
Sequencing ideas
The former hellip the latter
Firstly secondly finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two
points
Marketing and finance are both covered in the course The former is studied
in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term
Firstly hellip secondly hellip finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas
Its rare to use fourthly or fifthly Instead try the first point the second
point the third point and so on
The following is a good way of starting a list
The following people have been chosen to go on the training course N
Peters C Jones and A Owen
Giving a reason
Due to due to the fact that
Owing to owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun
Due to the rise in oil prices the inflation rate rose by 125
Owing to the demand we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
8
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject verb and object)
you must follow the words with the fact that
Due to the fact that oil prices have risen the inflation rate has gone up by
125
Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike the company has
been unable to fulfil all its orders
Because because of
Because of is followed by a noun
Because of bad weather the football match was postponed
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence For
example Because it was raining the match was postponed
We believe in incentive schemes because we want our employees to be
more productive
Since as
Since and as mean because
Since the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
As the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
Giving a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore so consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
3
STEPS OF THE WRITING PROCESS (PDRPP)
Prewrite Collect information and begin organizing ideas using prewriting strategies such as
-brainstorming (either individually or with a group) -notetaking -outlining -webbing
Draft Write a first draft and get feedback either from peers in a writerrsquos response group or from teacher At this stage feedback should focus on
-clear purpose -sense of audience -organized and well-developed ideas
Revise Use feedback to ldquore-visitrdquo the first draft clearing up any ambiguities and developing ideas
Proofread Edit writing correcting errors in spelling grammar etc
Publish Turn in final draft of writing for assessment
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
4
CONNECTORS
Connectors are linking words which join ideas and show how those ideas are related
to one another They also help us to organize our writing and make it easy for the
reader to follow
Study the chart of connectors and phrases below
Purpose Examples
Adding points And in additionfurthermoremoreoverwhatacutes morebesides alsotooas well as
To express a contrast
But howeverneverthelessyetstillalthough even if even though in spite of despite
To describe a cause or reason
Because (of)since due to as as a result ofoneanother reason forhellipishellip
To describe a result
So thereforeconsequentlythus as a result as a consequence for this reason that is why
To show purpose
In order toso as toso thatto
To describe similarity
Similarlylikewisein the same way
To express personal opinions
In my opinion I (strongly) believe (that) I thinkfeel(that) in my view it seems to me (that) personally as I see it
To introduce facts
In fact as a matter of factactually the truth is (that)
To make general statements
In generalgenerally as a rule on the whole
To list points To begin start with in the first place first of all for one thing firstly secondly thirdlyfinally lastly
To introduce opposing points
On the one hand on the other handin contrast contrary to it can also be argued that but there are people who saythink (that)
To show sequence
Firstat first in the beginningbefore nextthensoonmeanwhilelaterafter that afterwards at last eventually finally in the end during when
To show time Whenwhilebefore after until as soon as by the time
To conclude In conclusion to sum up in short all in all
Linking words
Linking words help you to connect ideas and sentences so that people can
follow what you say Here is a list of linkers
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
5
Giving examples
For example
For instance
Namely
The most common way of giving examples is by using for example or for
instance
Namely refers to something by name
ldquoThere are two problems namely the expense and the timerdquo
Adding information
And
In addition
As well as
Also
Too
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides
Ideas are often linked by and In a list you put a comma between each item
but not before and
We discussed training education and the budget
Also is used to add an extra idea or emphasis We also spoke about
marketing
You can use also with not only to give emphasis
We are concerned not only by the costs but also by the competition
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
6
We dont usually start a sentence with also If you want to start a sentence
with a phrase that means also you can use In addition or In addition to
thishellip
As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence
As well as the costs we are concerned by the competition
We are interested in costs as well as the competition
Too goes either at the end of the sentence or after the subject and means as
well
They were concerned too
I too was concerned
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as or in addition to
Apart from Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Besides Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are
making
Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market Moreover they tell
us about the competition
Summarising
In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a
summary of what we have said or written
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
7
Sequencing ideas
The former hellip the latter
Firstly secondly finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two
points
Marketing and finance are both covered in the course The former is studied
in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term
Firstly hellip secondly hellip finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas
Its rare to use fourthly or fifthly Instead try the first point the second
point the third point and so on
The following is a good way of starting a list
The following people have been chosen to go on the training course N
Peters C Jones and A Owen
Giving a reason
Due to due to the fact that
Owing to owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun
Due to the rise in oil prices the inflation rate rose by 125
Owing to the demand we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
8
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject verb and object)
you must follow the words with the fact that
Due to the fact that oil prices have risen the inflation rate has gone up by
125
Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike the company has
been unable to fulfil all its orders
Because because of
Because of is followed by a noun
Because of bad weather the football match was postponed
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence For
example Because it was raining the match was postponed
We believe in incentive schemes because we want our employees to be
more productive
Since as
Since and as mean because
Since the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
As the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
Giving a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore so consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
4
CONNECTORS
Connectors are linking words which join ideas and show how those ideas are related
to one another They also help us to organize our writing and make it easy for the
reader to follow
Study the chart of connectors and phrases below
Purpose Examples
Adding points And in additionfurthermoremoreoverwhatacutes morebesides alsotooas well as
To express a contrast
But howeverneverthelessyetstillalthough even if even though in spite of despite
To describe a cause or reason
Because (of)since due to as as a result ofoneanother reason forhellipishellip
To describe a result
So thereforeconsequentlythus as a result as a consequence for this reason that is why
To show purpose
In order toso as toso thatto
To describe similarity
Similarlylikewisein the same way
To express personal opinions
In my opinion I (strongly) believe (that) I thinkfeel(that) in my view it seems to me (that) personally as I see it
To introduce facts
In fact as a matter of factactually the truth is (that)
To make general statements
In generalgenerally as a rule on the whole
To list points To begin start with in the first place first of all for one thing firstly secondly thirdlyfinally lastly
To introduce opposing points
On the one hand on the other handin contrast contrary to it can also be argued that but there are people who saythink (that)
To show sequence
Firstat first in the beginningbefore nextthensoonmeanwhilelaterafter that afterwards at last eventually finally in the end during when
To show time Whenwhilebefore after until as soon as by the time
To conclude In conclusion to sum up in short all in all
Linking words
Linking words help you to connect ideas and sentences so that people can
follow what you say Here is a list of linkers
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
5
Giving examples
For example
For instance
Namely
The most common way of giving examples is by using for example or for
instance
Namely refers to something by name
ldquoThere are two problems namely the expense and the timerdquo
Adding information
And
In addition
As well as
Also
Too
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides
Ideas are often linked by and In a list you put a comma between each item
but not before and
We discussed training education and the budget
Also is used to add an extra idea or emphasis We also spoke about
marketing
You can use also with not only to give emphasis
We are concerned not only by the costs but also by the competition
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
6
We dont usually start a sentence with also If you want to start a sentence
with a phrase that means also you can use In addition or In addition to
thishellip
As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence
As well as the costs we are concerned by the competition
We are interested in costs as well as the competition
Too goes either at the end of the sentence or after the subject and means as
well
They were concerned too
I too was concerned
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as or in addition to
Apart from Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Besides Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are
making
Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market Moreover they tell
us about the competition
Summarising
In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a
summary of what we have said or written
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
7
Sequencing ideas
The former hellip the latter
Firstly secondly finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two
points
Marketing and finance are both covered in the course The former is studied
in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term
Firstly hellip secondly hellip finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas
Its rare to use fourthly or fifthly Instead try the first point the second
point the third point and so on
The following is a good way of starting a list
The following people have been chosen to go on the training course N
Peters C Jones and A Owen
Giving a reason
Due to due to the fact that
Owing to owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun
Due to the rise in oil prices the inflation rate rose by 125
Owing to the demand we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
8
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject verb and object)
you must follow the words with the fact that
Due to the fact that oil prices have risen the inflation rate has gone up by
125
Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike the company has
been unable to fulfil all its orders
Because because of
Because of is followed by a noun
Because of bad weather the football match was postponed
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence For
example Because it was raining the match was postponed
We believe in incentive schemes because we want our employees to be
more productive
Since as
Since and as mean because
Since the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
As the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
Giving a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore so consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
5
Giving examples
For example
For instance
Namely
The most common way of giving examples is by using for example or for
instance
Namely refers to something by name
ldquoThere are two problems namely the expense and the timerdquo
Adding information
And
In addition
As well as
Also
Too
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides
Ideas are often linked by and In a list you put a comma between each item
but not before and
We discussed training education and the budget
Also is used to add an extra idea or emphasis We also spoke about
marketing
You can use also with not only to give emphasis
We are concerned not only by the costs but also by the competition
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
6
We dont usually start a sentence with also If you want to start a sentence
with a phrase that means also you can use In addition or In addition to
thishellip
As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence
As well as the costs we are concerned by the competition
We are interested in costs as well as the competition
Too goes either at the end of the sentence or after the subject and means as
well
They were concerned too
I too was concerned
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as or in addition to
Apart from Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Besides Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are
making
Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market Moreover they tell
us about the competition
Summarising
In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a
summary of what we have said or written
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
7
Sequencing ideas
The former hellip the latter
Firstly secondly finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two
points
Marketing and finance are both covered in the course The former is studied
in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term
Firstly hellip secondly hellip finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas
Its rare to use fourthly or fifthly Instead try the first point the second
point the third point and so on
The following is a good way of starting a list
The following people have been chosen to go on the training course N
Peters C Jones and A Owen
Giving a reason
Due to due to the fact that
Owing to owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun
Due to the rise in oil prices the inflation rate rose by 125
Owing to the demand we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
8
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject verb and object)
you must follow the words with the fact that
Due to the fact that oil prices have risen the inflation rate has gone up by
125
Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike the company has
been unable to fulfil all its orders
Because because of
Because of is followed by a noun
Because of bad weather the football match was postponed
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence For
example Because it was raining the match was postponed
We believe in incentive schemes because we want our employees to be
more productive
Since as
Since and as mean because
Since the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
As the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
Giving a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore so consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
6
We dont usually start a sentence with also If you want to start a sentence
with a phrase that means also you can use In addition or In addition to
thishellip
As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence
As well as the costs we are concerned by the competition
We are interested in costs as well as the competition
Too goes either at the end of the sentence or after the subject and means as
well
They were concerned too
I too was concerned
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as or in addition to
Apart from Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Besides Rover we are the largest sports car manufacturer
Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are
making
Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market Moreover they tell
us about the competition
Summarising
In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a
summary of what we have said or written
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
7
Sequencing ideas
The former hellip the latter
Firstly secondly finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two
points
Marketing and finance are both covered in the course The former is studied
in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term
Firstly hellip secondly hellip finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas
Its rare to use fourthly or fifthly Instead try the first point the second
point the third point and so on
The following is a good way of starting a list
The following people have been chosen to go on the training course N
Peters C Jones and A Owen
Giving a reason
Due to due to the fact that
Owing to owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun
Due to the rise in oil prices the inflation rate rose by 125
Owing to the demand we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
8
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject verb and object)
you must follow the words with the fact that
Due to the fact that oil prices have risen the inflation rate has gone up by
125
Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike the company has
been unable to fulfil all its orders
Because because of
Because of is followed by a noun
Because of bad weather the football match was postponed
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence For
example Because it was raining the match was postponed
We believe in incentive schemes because we want our employees to be
more productive
Since as
Since and as mean because
Since the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
As the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
Giving a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore so consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
7
Sequencing ideas
The former hellip the latter
Firstly secondly finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two
points
Marketing and finance are both covered in the course The former is studied
in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term
Firstly hellip secondly hellip finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas
Its rare to use fourthly or fifthly Instead try the first point the second
point the third point and so on
The following is a good way of starting a list
The following people have been chosen to go on the training course N
Peters C Jones and A Owen
Giving a reason
Due to due to the fact that
Owing to owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun
Due to the rise in oil prices the inflation rate rose by 125
Owing to the demand we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
8
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject verb and object)
you must follow the words with the fact that
Due to the fact that oil prices have risen the inflation rate has gone up by
125
Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike the company has
been unable to fulfil all its orders
Because because of
Because of is followed by a noun
Because of bad weather the football match was postponed
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence For
example Because it was raining the match was postponed
We believe in incentive schemes because we want our employees to be
more productive
Since as
Since and as mean because
Since the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
As the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
Giving a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore so consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
8
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject verb and object)
you must follow the words with the fact that
Due to the fact that oil prices have risen the inflation rate has gone up by
125
Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike the company has
been unable to fulfil all its orders
Because because of
Because of is followed by a noun
Because of bad weather the football match was postponed
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence For
example Because it was raining the match was postponed
We believe in incentive schemes because we want our employees to be
more productive
Since as
Since and as mean because
Since the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
As the company is expanding we need to hire more staff
Giving a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore so consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
9
The company are expanding Therefore So Consequently As a result
they are taking on extra staff
So is more informal
Contrasting ideas
But
However
Although even though
Despite despite the fact that
In spite of in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryhellip in practicehellip
On the one hand on the other hand
But is more informal than however It is not normally used at the beginning
of a sentence
He works hard but he doesnt earn much
He works hard However he doesnt earn much
Although despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast With these
words you must have two halves of a sentence
Although it was cold she went out in shorts
In spite of the cold she went out in shorts
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to
They must be followed by a noun If you want to follow them with a noun and
a verb you must use the fact that
Despite the fact that the company was doing badly they took on extra
employees
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
10
The sea was cold but he went swimming nevertheless (In spite of the fact
that it was cold)
The company is doing well Nonetheless they arent going to expand this
year
While whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different
from each other
While my sister has blue eyes mine are brown
Taxes have gone up whereas social security contributions have gone down
Unlike in the UK the USA has cheap petrol
In theoryhellip in practicehellip show an unexpected result
In theory teachers should prepare for lessons but in practice they often
dont have enough time
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
11
WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph consists of several sentences about a certain topic It has the following
parts
1 a TOPIC SENTENCE which gives the main idea of the paragraph
2 SUPPORTING SENTENCES which add reasons details and examples
3 a CONCLUDING sentence which leads on to the next paragraph or
summarises the main idea
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically The paragraph must be easy to
understand You can accomplish this by
1 using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text
2 using connectors to show the connections between ideas
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
12
SELECTIVITAT FORMATS
A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
It is usually about a controversial issue It presents both sides of the issue and then
concludes by supporting one of the sides Look at the topic below Then study the
plan and read the model
Topic Write a for and against essay on a topic connected to home schooling
Plan
Useful connectors
On the one hand on the other hand It is true that Firsly Secondly Thirdly For
example For instance such as Furthermore However Nevertheless Due to As a
result I believe that In my opinion In my view The question is whether In
addition Consequently In conclusion To sum uphellip
YES or NO to HOME SCHOOLING
In recent years an increasing number of parents around the world have
chosen to take their children out of the school system and educate
them at home The question is whether this is good for everyone
On the one hand home schooling means that parents are able to cater
to their childrenacutes individual needs For instance parents can
encourage their children to explore their own interests In addition
parents can include important subjects that are often neglected in
normal schools such as art and music Moreover parents can protect
their children from bullying and teasing
On the other hand children who are home schooled often have fewer
opportunities to participate in team sports and in other extra-curricular
activities Furthermore since home-schooled children are exposed to
fewer kids they may not learn social skills that are necessary if they
want to live peaceably with others
Despite the numerous benefits of home schooling I believe most
children should go to school The lack of opportunities for social
interaction may prove to be problematic in later life
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
13
AN OPINION ESSAY
An opinion essay states an opinion and tries to convince the reader that this opinion
is correct Look at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an opinion essay on a topic connected to teen drivers
Plan
Useful connectors
Many people think thathellip In my opinion howeverhellip I disagree In my viewhellip I
believe that Howeverhellip Despite this hellip First of all hellip SecondlyhellipIn additionhellip
Thereforehellip As a resulthellip It is clear thathellip In shorthellipTo sum uphellip In conclusionhellip
ADULT SUPERVISION FOR TEEN DRIVERS- Good or Bad
It is well known that teen drivers are often involved in fatal driving
accidents In order to help deal with this issue some governments
around the world have proposed that new teen drivers should bee
required to drive with adult supervision for a period of time While this
suggestion may sound like a good way to save lives in my opinion it
will not solve the problem
First of all a personacutes age doesnacutet determine their level of
responsibility or their driving ability Itacutes a fact that many accidents
have involved experienced adult drivers
Secondly I believe that the more time a driver spends on the road the
better his or her driving ability will be By preventing new drivers from
driving without adult supervision new drivers will inevitably gain less
driving experience since they will only be able to drive when an adult
supervisor is free to accompany them
In short forcing young drivers to drive with adult supervision will not
reduce the number of teen fatalities It is only by educating teenagers
and adults about the importance of safe driving that we can hope to
make a difference
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
14
A NARRATIVE
A narrative is a story about a series of events and the people involved in them Look
at the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write a story about a misunderstanding you once had
Plan
JUMPING TO THE WRONG CONCLUSION
Last Saturday I visited my grandmother who lives on the other side of
London I had not seen her for ages and I was looking forward to eating
a piece of her delicious cake It was a cold day so I dressed warmly in a
hat and scarf
I got onto the train and looked for a place to sit I walked up and down
the aisles for some time until I found an empty seat next to an elderly
man who was reading a newspaper Relieved I sat down and took out
my book
As soon as I had begun reading I felt that the man was watching me I
felt very uncomfortable I wanted to move but there were no empty
seats Finally the train pulled into Kings Cross station I rushed off the
train eager to escape the stare of the old man
I left the station and began walking towards my grandmotheracutes house
After a few moments I had a strange feeling that someone was
following me I turned round To my surprise the elderly man who had
sat next to me on the train was running towards me I started to run I
could hear the man coming up behind me In a minute he would catch
up with mehellip
ldquoWaitrdquo he shouted I stopped The man stretched out his hand and I
could see that he was holding something ldquoYour hatrdquo he said ldquoYou left
it on the trainrdquo At that moment I realized that I had jumped to the
wrong conclusion
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
15
Useful connectors
Time expressions- Last weekend summeryearhellip Two years agohellip It was a
coldhot stormy dayhellip It all began whenhellip One afternoonhellip Fortunately
Unfortunately Luckily hellip To my surprisehellip I felthellip The funny thing is thathellip
Before I knew ithellip
Connectors of sequence- At first before after that next later when then until
as soon as soon suddenly while during eventually in the end meanwhile
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
16
A SUMMARY
A summary provides the reader with the main points of an article in as few words as
possible A summary usually does not include the writeracutes opinion and it is written in
his or her words where possible Look at the topic below Then read the original
article and the model summary
Topic Write a summary of the article using 50-70 words
Plan
Baby Einstein DVDs Educational or not
Baby Einstein DVDs are specifically aimed at babies and toddlers These popular DVDs
feature classical music and babies seem to love watching them Not only do the DVDs
provide busy parents with a break from having to care for their infant they are also
said to have educational benefits Yet recent research suggests that these DVDs may
not be as beneficial to children as parents may like to believe In fact there is
evidence to suggest that television viewing between the ages of 1 and 3 could in fact
be harmful to them
Research at the University of Washington found that babies who had watched baby
videos scored about 10 lower on language skills than those who had not In addition
experts have shown that baby videos may also be associated with attention problems
later on They claim that the more television children watch in their early years the
shorter their attention spans later in life
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood is a group which has been fighting
baby media companies for some time in an attempt to get them to admit that baby
videos are not educational They claim that the entire marketing strategy of
companies like Baby Einstein is based on false and misleading claims that the videos
are educational Recently the Baby Einstein company announced that they would give
a full refund to anyone who had bought one of the DVDs in the last five years and
wished to return it The campaigners see the recent announcement as an unspoken
admission that they did mislead the public and that the DVDs have no educational
value
Yet it will be interesting to see how many parents will actually claim the refund and
return the DVDs to the company Although the videos may not turn their children into
geniuses as they might have hoped they continue to keep them occupied and
stimulated without the need for parental involvement That may well be something
that parents are not willing to give up
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
17
Useful language
TIP Leave out less important examples and details Shorten or combine
sentences and try to use your own words
BEING CONCISE Apparentlyhellip Finallyhellip Ifhellip Clearlyhellip Consequentlyhellip In shorthellip
Presentlyhellip although
MODEL SUMMARY
DVDs designed specifically for babies and toddlers are very popular Yet
recent research has suggested that they may in fact be harmful to
childrenacutes development In view of those findings a recent campaign
has accused media companies of deliberately misleading parents by
implying that these products have educational value Consequently
the baby Einstein company has agreed to give a refund to parents
wishing to return the DVDs although it is uncertain how many parents
will accept their offer
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
18
A DESCRIPTION OF AN EVENT
A description of an event gives a clear impression of what the writer experiences It
usually includes details of the writeracutes senses and how the writer felt there Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write about a family event that you have attended
Plan
Useful connectors
Last week hellip When hellip Suddenlyhellip I felthellip I heardhellip It seemedhellip The atmosphere
washellip The crowdpeople werehellip It turned out to be hellip All in allhellip In the endhellip
The Wedding
Last week I went to my cousinacutes wedding I hadnacutet seen my cousin for
many years and I didnacutet know many of the other guests so I wasnacutet
expecting to enjoy myself In the end I had a great time
When I arrived the wedding hall was already full of people People
were standing around talking excitedly and there was a real buzz in the
air The room was beautifully decorated with flowers and balloons and
the sweet smell of the flowers hung in the air I couldnacutet help but feel
excited It felt as if something very special was about to happen
Suddenly the musicians began to play Everyone stopped talking at once
and turned to face the door As the bride entered many of the guests
had tears in their eyes I felt so moved
As she walked past in her beautiful white dress my cousin turned and
smiled at me She looked so happy I realized that I wouldnacutet have
missed this occasion for the world
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
19
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
When we describe a place we want to describe what the place looks like and to give
an impression of the atmosphere Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a description of a place you like
Plan
Useful language
The first thing people notice hellip It is locatedhellip The scenery ishellip it offershellip I can
recommendhellip You shouldnacutet misshellip I lovehellip when I go there Most people in hellipwork
as hellipIn shortconclusionhellip
The Natural History Museum
One of my favourite places is the Natural History Museum in London
The museum is located in Kensington close to the Kensington
underground station This museum is a very popular attraction and for
good reason Itacutes one of the finest museums in the world ndash and
admission is free
The building itself is architecturally breathtaking with its impressive
ornate faccedilade and enormous central hall The ceilings walls and arches
are intricately painted and carved with animals and plants
representing the museumsacutes exhibits
The museum has got two main galleries the Life Galleries and the Earth
Galleries The Life Galleries offer displays of nearly all living things on
earth from gigantic dinosaurs and huge whales to the tiniest birds and
insects In the Earth Galleries visitors can explore natural phenomena
such as earthquakes and volcanoes and examine thousands of fossils and
precious stones
I highly recommend the Natural History Museum to anyone visiting
London Itacutes more than a museum- itacutes an experience
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
20
AN INFORMAL LETTER
When we write an informal letter we are usually congratulating persuading or
asking forgiving some information Look at the topic below Then study the plan and
read the model
Topic Write a letter to your friend Harry accepting an invitation to go on an
adventure holiday with you
Plan
Greeting
Body
Conclusion
Closing
Dear Harry
Thanks for your email Itacutes great the summer is nearly here isnacutet it
The adventure holiday you mentioned sounds like a great idea Do you know if
they offer rock climbing and canoeing I hope so
Iacuted love to come for two weeks but my sisters getting married during the
first week so I ndash obviously- have to be here I could come for the second
week though You didnacutet say how much it costs I can only afford pound200 so I
hope itacutes not more than that
One more question for now ndash whatacutes the best way to get to Wales from
London Is there a train or a bus that goes near the place
Well Iacuted better go now as Iacuteve got an exam tomorrow
Hope to hear from you soon
All the best
Susan
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
21
AN ARTICLE
An article is usually written for different kinds of magazines or newspapers Look at
the topic below Then study the plan and read the model
Topic Write an article for an international magazine giving your suggestions about
what the future holds
Plan
TITLE
Useful language
Rhetorical questions Have you everhellip Are you one of those people whohellip What do you think abouthellip
Introducing first point Firstly First of all In the first place To begin with One thing to consider ishellip
Introducing further points Secondly In addition (to this) Yet anotherhellip Apart from thathellip
Introducing final points So in conclusion To sum up To conclude
Introducing your opinion In my opinion If you ask me To my mind Personally I believe thathellip In my
viewhellip
What the future holds
What will life be like in fifty yearacutes time Itacutes impossible to know for
certain but thereacutes one thing we can be sure of In some ways life for
our grandchildren will be very different from life today Letacutes just
imagine some of the possibilities
One thing that is changing very rapidly is technology You can bet that
our grandchildren will live in a world where everything and everybody
relies on computers Transport will also change and perhaps weacutell have
cars that fly Maybe our grandchildren will find themselves stuck in
traffic jams in the sky
Yet another way in which life will be different is the environment It
doesnacutet look like weacutere going to solve the problems of pollution soon
so our grandchildren may live in a world where many species have
become extinct Sadly they might never see animals like pandas apart
from in books and zoos
So like the present I believe the future will have its good points and
its bad points I for one canacutet wait to find out
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
22
A FORMAL LETTER
When we write a formal letter we are usually requesting information applying for a
job or course or writing to complain Look at the topic below Then study the plan
and read the model
Topic Write a formal letter applying for the job of sales assistant in a shop
Plan
23 Daylon lane
Norwood
21 June 2006 London SE5 4FB
Zarat Fashions
68 Boyers Street
London
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing in response to your advertisement for sales assistants in
your chain of fashion shops I would like to apply for a position I am 18
years old and have just finished secondary school so I am able too
begin to work immediately
I feel that I would be suitable for this job because I have always had an
eye for fashion and feel that I could help customers choose clothes that
are suitable for them I am also extremely responsible organized and
hard working
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future I have enclosed
my CV and would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient
for you Thank you for considering my application
Yours faithfully
Marianne Edwards
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
23
MINOR FORMATS
1 A speech
A speech must be engaging clear concise and most importantly catered to
the audiencersquos interests
Therefore the first step is to Choose a Topic after Learning who the
audience will be
Once that is done you must Write a statement of purpose for the speech
Next do the required research so that your speech is accurate and extensive
After this you need to start writing your speech But first you must create an
outlineThe outline must have an Introduction Body of Speech and Ending
Under each of those headings place notes from the research anecdotes
quotes etc
Once you decide this you must also decide how to Start and End your speech
To begin you may Tell a Story Use Humour Use a snappy quote or you may
start by getting your readersrsquo attention by Reading some startling statistics or
by Asking thought-provoking questionsThe end must be dramatic conclusive
and must leave a lasting impression on the listenerrsquos mind You may use the
same strategies that you used for the beginning
Now you must start writing the Body of the Speech Make sure that the
different points flow into each other and that yoursquove not digressed from your
statement of purpose Go back and read what yoursquove written Make any
adjustments that you think are needed Put yourself in the audiencersquos shoes
and try to listen and see if your speech makes sense
Dorsquos and Donrsquotrsquos
Use simple direct words
Know exactly what you want to say
Cut words wherever possible be brief
Use everyday English not jargon
Vary the length of your sentences
Use active verbs
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
24
Donrsquot use passive tense
Donrsquot use modifiers
Example You are a young painter who is thanking an art gallery for
displaying your first exhibition
1 Organise
The opening Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome you to
The body os the speech This could include facts about when how why you
started painting your feelings about it and your plans for the future
The closing This could include your thanks and your good wishes
Iacuted like to thank the gallery for giving me this wonderful opportunity It has
been a pleasure working with them Of course Iacuted like to thankk all of you
for coming and making this opening such a success
2 The following words and expressions are often used in speeches
As you all know Iacuted like to take this
opportunity to
It is an honour to I have been asked to
Youwe have all I would like to
thankexpress my thanks
Iacuted like to wish you all On behalf of in the
name of
Remember The kind of language you use depends on the occasion and
the audience If it is a formal occasion you will use formal language
like that in the example If it is an informal gathering your language
can be less formal and more everyday
2A dialogue
Remember the following when you are writing a conversation
Identify each of the speakers in the conversation Start a new paragraph whenever you change speakers When you need to break a conversation and identify the speaker
use commas () Use the kind of informal language that people use when they speak
contractions everyday words exclamations etc
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
25
Example Imagine you are a journalist interviewing Mrs Cross Write about an interview where you ask her for her views on St Georgeacutes Day and find out what what she would say to people who oppose making it a public holiday
Interview with Gillian Cross
I Interviewer G Gillian Cross
I Mrs Cross I understand that you have some very strong views on St Georgeacutes Day
G Yes I think it should be a public holiday We need a day to demonstrate pride in
our region
I I see What would you say to those people who think that a new holiday would be
too expensive
G I can understand their concern but I also think that St Georgeacutes Day is a great
business opportunity People will want to spend their money on going out and having
fun
I Some people are also concerned that the day might have racist connotations
G Absolutely not This day is for everyone who loves in England no matter what
their colour or background We need to show the racists that theyacuteve completely
misunderstood
I Thank you very much for your comments Mrs Cross
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
26
Estructura de lexamen Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Estructura de lexamen
Lexamen de llengua anglesa consta de les tres parts seguumlents
Parts de lrsquoexamen Duracioacute Valor
Comprensioacute drsquoun text oral 30 minuts 20 de la nota
Comprensioacute escrita 60 minuts 40 de la nota
Expressioacute escrita 40 de la nota
Les preguntes i instruccions de lexamen soacuten formulades en anglegraves i hauran de ser respostes en anglegraves sense ajut del diccionari ni de cap altre material didagravectic
a) Comprensioacute dun text oral
La prova utilitza un text de dificultat mitjana autegraventic o semi-autegraventic (text amb caracteriacutestiques bagravesiques dun text autegraventic perograve simplificat a un nivell dentrada a la universitat -el que en podriacuteem dir text de registre pedagogravegic-) sobre un tema de cultura general actual del tipus corrent en els mitjans de comunicacioacute Lexaminand hauragrave de respondre vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 025 cadascuna
La realitzacioacute daquesta prova sarticula de la seguumlent manera
a Una breu introduccioacute per fer que loient es familiaritzi amb les veus el tema el ritme i lacuacutestica de la gravacioacute El text de la introduccioacute podragrave ser llegit alhora que escoltat
b Una pausa inicial per a que lalumne llegeixi les preguntes de comprensioacute c Primera audicioacute del text d Primera pausa per a completar les respostes e Segona audicioacute del text f Segona pausa per a completar les respostes
b) Comprensioacute escrita Consisteix en una activitat de comprensioacute dun text anglegraves escrit en llenguatge estagravendard no especialitzat Lexercici amb un valor global de fins a quatre punts teacute com objectiu avaluar el nivell de comprensioacute escrita de lalumnat Consta de vuit preguntes dopcioacute muacuteltiple (a b c d) sobre aquest text amb un valor de 05 cadascuna
c) Expressioacute escrita Consisteix en la produccioacute duna redaccioacute personal sobre un tema relacionat amb el text utilitzat en lexercici de comprensioacute lectora Aquesta redaccioacute duna extensioacute no
PPPAAAUUU AAAnnnggglllegraveegraveegravesss EEEssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaa dddeee llleeexxxaaammmeeennn iii cccrrriiittteeerrriiisss gggeeennneeerrraaalllsss dddaaavvvaaallluuuaaaccciiioacuteoacuteoacute
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
27
Composition 4 points
The following aspects will be evaluated separately on a scale of 0 to 10 points
1 GGGrrraaammmmmmaaarrr (25 of the composition grade) Two different aspects will be contemplated under this heading
the correct and appropriate use of morphological and syntactic structures
the range (variety and complexity) of structures used
2 VVVooocccaaabbbuuulllaaarrryyy (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be considered
the range and appropriate use of vocabulary (variety of semantic fields richness phrasal verbs collocations idiomatic expressions linking words)
the correct spelling of words
3 TTTeeexxxttt PPPaaarrraaagggrrraaappphhh bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg (25 of the composition grade)
Two main aspects will be examined
The clarity of organization of ideas within the sentence the paragraph and the text
The clear and correct use of punctuation and text markers
4 MMMaaatttuuurrriiitttyyy (25 of the composition grade)
Aspects contemplated in this categoryThe skillful handling of the topic (clear thinking
good outline well-reasoned ideas creativity )
inferior a cent paraules shauragrave dajustar a les indicacions de lopcioacute triada Lexercici seragrave qualificat amb un total de fins a quatre punts
Criteris generals davaluacioacute
Listening comprehension 2 points
025 points for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -008)
Reading comprehension 4 points
05 for each correct answer to a multiple choice question (8 questions)
wrong answers will be penalized (-13 of the question value = -016)
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
28
Reminders
Wrong format If a composition does not follow the format (letter dialogue news report diary for and against argumentation description narrative ) of the chosen option it will be penalized up to 1 point
Copying from the text the use of full sentences or fragments taken from the text will not be considered as personal writing
Insufficient length Compositions under 100 words will be penalized up to 1 point
Wrong topic No points will be given to a composition written on a topic not included in the two given options
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
SELECTIVITAT WRITING GUIDE
Institucioacute La Miranda | The Writing process by Fina Melgar
2010-11
29
SELECTIVITAT
FORMATS 1st term 2nd term
A for and
against essay
x
A
formalinformal
letter
x
An opinion essay x
A description of
an eventplace
x
A narrative x
A summary x
A dialogue x
A speech x
An article x
3rd term
Selectivitat
EXAM PRACTICE
