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III Workshop on Coverings, Selections and Games in Topology April 25-29, 2007 Serbia. Selective screenability, products and topological groups. Liljana Babinkostova Boise State University. Selection principle S c ( A , B ). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Selective screenability, products and topological
groups Liljana BabinkostovaBoise State University
III Workshop on Coverings, Selections and Games in TopologyApril 25-29, 2007
Serbia
Selection principle Sc(A,B)
For each sequence (Un: n<∞) of elements of Athere is a sequence (Vn: n<∞) such that:
A and B are collections of families of subsets of an infinite set.
1) Each Vn is a pairwise disjoint family of sets,
2) each Vn refines Un and
3) {Vn: n<∞} is an element of B.
The game Gck(A,B)
The players play a predetermined ordinal number k of innings.
ONE chooses any On from A,
TWO responds with a disjoint refinement Tn of On.
TWO wins a play ((Oj,Tj): j< k) if {Tj : j < k } is in B; else ONE wins.
In inning n:
For metrizable spaces X, for finite n the following are equivalent:
(i) dim (X) = n.
(ii) TWO has a winning strategy in Gcn+1(O,O),
but not in Gcn(O,O).
Gck(A,B) and Dimension
O denotes the collection of all open covers of X.
Gck(A,B) and Dimension
For metrizable spaces X the following are equivalent:
(i) X is countable dimensional.
(ii) TWO has a winning strategy in Gc(O,O).
HAVER PROPERTY
3) {Vn: n<∞} is an open cover of X.
W.E.Haver, A covering property for metric spaces, (1974)
For each sequence (εn: n<∞) of positive real numbers
there is a corresponding sequence (Vn:n<∞) where
1) each Vn is a pairwise disjoint family of open sets,
2) each element of each Vn is of diameter less than εn, and
Property C and Haver property
When A = B = O, the collection of open covers, Sc(O,O) is
also known as property C.
D. Addis and J. Gresham, A class of infinite dimensional spaces I, (1978)
1) In metric spaces Sc(O,O) implies the Haver property
2) countable dimension => Sc(O,O) => Sc(T,O)
Notes:
1) T is the collection of two-element open covers.
2) Sc(T,O) is Aleksandroff’s weak infinite dimensionality
Haver Property does not imply Sc(O,O) Example
X=M L
M - complete metric space, totally disconnected
strongly infinite dimensional.
L – countable dimensional s.t. M L is
compact metric space.
Z
L – countable dimensional
Haver property ≠ Property C
L
M
Z M, Z – zero dimensional (compact subset of totally disconnected space)
Z
Alexandroff ’s Problem
Is countable dimensionality equivalent to weak infinite dimensionality?
R.Pol (1981): No. There is a compact metrizable
counterexample.
The Hurewicz property
For each sequence (Un: n<∞) of open covers of X
W. Hurewicz, Über eine Verallgemeinerung des Borelschen Theorems, (1925)
Hurewicz Property:
there is a sequence (Vn: n<∞) of finite sets such that
1) For each n, Vn Un and
2) each element of X is in all but finitely many of the sets Vn.
The Haver- and Hurewicz- properties
For X a metric space with the Hurewicz property,
the following are equivalent:
1)1) Sc(O,O) holds.
22)) X has the Haver property in some equivalent metric on X.
3)3) X has the Haver property in all equivalent metrics on X.
Products and Sc(O,O)
(Hattori & Yamada; Rohm,1990) : Let X and Y be topological
spaces with Sc(O,O). If X is σ-compact, then XxY has
Sc(O,O).
(R.Pol,1995): (CH) For each positive integer n there is a separable metric space X such that 1) Xn has Sfin(O,O) and Sc(O,O), and
2) Xn+1 has Sfin(O,O), but not Sc(O,O).
Products and Sc(O,O)
Let X be a metric space which has Sc(O,O)
and Xn has the Hurewicz property.
Then Xn has property Sc(O,O).
If X and Y are metric spaces with Sc(O,O), and if XxY has the Hurewicz property then XxY has Sc(O,O).
Products and the Haver property
Let X be a complete metric space which has the
Haver property. Then for every metrizable space Y
which has the Haver property, also XxY has the
Haver property.
Let X and Y be metrizable spaces such that X has the Haver property and Y is countabledimensional. Then XxY has the Haver property.
Let X and Y be metrizable spaces with the Haver property. If X has the Hurewicz property then XxY has the Haver property.
Haver and Sc(O,O) in topological groupsLet (G,*) be a topological group and U be an
open nbd of the identity element 1G.
Open cover of G: Onbd(U)={x*U: xG}
Collection of all such open covers of G:
Onbd={Onbd(U): U nbd of 1G}
Haver and Sc(Onbd,O) in topological groups
Let (G,*) be a metrizable topological group.
The following are equivalent:
(i) G has the Haver property in all left invariant metrics.
(ii) G has the property Sc(Onbd, O).
Products and Sc(Onbd,O) in metrizable groups
Let (G,*) be a group which has property
Sc(Onbd,O) and the Hurewicz property.
Then if (H,*) has Sc(Onbd,O), GxH also has
Sc(Onbd,O).
Games and Sc(Onbd,O) in metrizable
groups
If (G,*) is a metrizable group then TFAE:
1. TWO has a winning strategy in Gc(Onbd, O).
2. G is countable dimensional.
Relation to Rothberger- and Menger-bounded groups
S1(Onbd,O) Sc(Onbd,O)
S1(nbd,O) Sc( nbd,O)
None of these implications reverse.
New classes of open covers
X-separable metric space
CFD: collection of closed, finite dimensional
subsets of X
FD: collection of all finite dimensional
subsets of X
Ocfd and Ofd covers
Ocfd – all open covers U of X such that: X is not in U and for each CCFD there is a UU with C U .
Ofd – all open covers U of X such that:
X is not in U and for each CFD there is a UU with C U .
Selection principle S1(A,B)
A and B are collections of families of subset
of an infinite set.
For each sequence (Un: n<∞) of elements
of A there is a sequence (Vn: n<∞) such
that:
1) For each n, Vn Un
2) {Vn: nN } B.
Sc(O,O) and S1(Ofd,O)
Let X be a metrizable space.
S1(Ofd,O) => Sc(O,O)
Sc(O,O) ≠> S1(Ofd,O)
New classes of weakly infinite dimensional spaces
SCD CD
S1(Ocfd,O) S1(Ofd,O) Sc(O,O) Sc(T,O)
Sfin(O,O) Sfin(Ocfd,O) Sfin(Ofd,O)
KCD
S1(Okfd,O)
S1(Ofd,O) and products
If X has property S1(Ofd,O) and Y is
countable dimensional, then XxY has
property S1(Ofd,O).
S1(Ocfd,O) and products
If X has property S1(Ocfd,O) and Y is
strongly countable dimensional, then
XxY has property S1(Ocfd,O).
Thank you!
III Workshop on Coverings, Selections and Games in Topology
April 25-29, 2007Serbia