Bibliography

T h i s s e l e c t i v e , a n n o t a t e d b i b l i o g r a p h y u p d a t e s and supp lemen t s p a r t o f a b i b l i o g r a p h y on e q u a l employment o p p o r t u n i t y p u b l i s h e d by t h e GAO L i b r a r y i n December 1975. A s e p a r a t e - b i b l i o g r a p h y on e q u a l employment o p p o r t u n i t y is b e i n g i s s u e d c o n c u r r e n t l y w i t h t h i s . I n c l u d e d h e r e a r e s- .e iected books o n woxen r e c e i v e d by t h e GAO L i b r a r i e s s ince t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e p r e v i o u s b i b l i o g r a p h y and selected p e r i o d i c a l . a r t i c l e s which e i t h e r appea red a f t e r t h e p r e v i o u s b i b l i o g r a p h y ’ s c o m p i l a t i o n o r a p p e a r e d e a r l i e r , b u t seemed worthy o f i n c l u s i o n i n t h i s b i b l i o g r a p h y .

Topics cove red i n c l u d e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n , e d u c a t i o n and t r a i n i n g , equal employment o p p o r t u n i t y , equal r i g h t s , men v s . women, n o n - t r a d i t i o n a l j o b s , women i n management, women i n t h e p r o f e s s i o n s , working mothe r s , and working women i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . An updated v e r s i o n o f t h i s b i b l i o g r a p h y i s a n t i c i p a t e d i n December 1977.

t h e Technica l L i b r a r y , Room 6536. The l o c a t i o n o f t h e books is i n d i c a t e d by t h e c a l l number g i v e n a t t h e end of t h e b i b l i o g r a p h i c c i t a t i o n . Q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h i s b i b l i o g r a p h y c a n be answered by t h e reference s t a f f on

P e r i o d i c a l a r t i c l e s c i t e d a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r r e v i e w i n

275-5180.

.

' I '

D I S C RI MI N AT I OM - Bergmann, B a r b a r a and Mary Gray.

8:,25-27, F a l l 1975. " E q u a l i t y i n r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f i t s . ' ' C i v i l R i g h t s D i g e s t ,

The a r t i c l e d i s c u s s e s t h e d i f f e r e n t ways women a re d i s c r i m i n a t e d a g a i n s t i n p e n s i o n p l a n s by i n s u r a n c e compan ies and o t h e r b u s i n e s s e s .

B r a l o v e , Mary.

by bosses and c l i e n t s , " The Wall Street J o u r n a l , p. 1, J a n u a r y 29 , 1976.

"A cold s h o u l d e r : c a r e e r women d e c r y s e x u a l h a r a s s m e n t

The a r t i c l e discusses s e x u a l h a r a s s m e n t of women and whe the r t h e problem of s e x d i s c r i i n i n a t i o n s h o u l d be d e c i d e d i n t h e c o u r t s .

Cohen, S t e p h e n L. and K e r r y A . Bunker. " S u b t l e e f f e c t s o f s e x r o l e s t e r e o t y p e s on r e c r u i t e r s '

h i r i n g d e c i s i o n s . " J o u r n a l of Applied P s y c h o l o g y , 60:566-572, 1975.

A s t u d y was conduc ted on j o b d i s c r i m i n a t i o n b a s e d on sex . I t was found t h a t many t imes d i s c r i m i n a t i o n b e g i n s d u r i n g t h e i n i t i a l i n t e r v i e w , e s p e c i a l l y f o r s e x - r o l e t r a d i t i o n a l j obs .

Kanowi tz , Leo.

_American l a w . " Nebraska Law Review, 48:131-182, November 1 9 6 8 .

c o n s t i t u t i o n a l l y p e r m i s s i b l e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t women i n e f f e c t i n 1 9 6 8 , i n c l u d i n g s t a t e p r o t e c t i o n l a w s exempted from

" C o n s t i t u t i o n a l aspects of sex-based d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i n

This d i s c u s s i o n d e a l s w i t h t h e atany aspects of

it. t h e 1 4 t h Amendment. i : .

Landau, E l i o t A. and Kermit L. Dunahoo. "Sex d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i n employment: a. s u r v e y of s t a t e and

Federal remedies." Drake Law Review, 20:417-527, J u n e 1971.

This a r t i c l e g i v e s a n e x t e n s i v e and d e t a i l e d v i e w of t h e Federal and s t a t e laws and r e g u l a t i o n s a g a i n s t s e x d i sc r im- i n a t i o n . t h e e f f e c t of t h e laws on working cond: i : t ions, f r i n g e b e n e f i t s , and equal pay.

--

D i s c u s s e d a r e pre-employment s e l e c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s ,

c

,

- 2 -

Oster, Sharon M .

, a g a i n s t women." The Q u a r t e r l y J o u r n a l of Ecoriomics, 89:215- 229, May 1975.

T h i s s c h o l a r l y s t u d y e x p l o r e s i n d u s t r i a l d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t women a t a l l l e v e l s . I n c l u d e d is men t ion of t h e b e n e f i t s t h e i n d u s t r i e s may d e r i v e from t h i s t y p e o f d i s c r i - m i n a t i o n .

" I n d u s t r y d i f f e rences i n t h e ' l e v e l of d i s c r i m i n a t i o n

P e n d e r g r a s s , V i r g i n i a E . , e t a l . "Sex d i s c r i m i n a t i o n c o u n s e l i n g . I' m e r i c a n P s y c h o l o g i s t ,

31:36-46, J a n u a r y 1 9 7 6 .

Counse l ing is b e n e f i c i a l f c r women who have been d i s c r i m i n a t e d a g a i n s t . I n c l u d e d i n t h e a r t i c l e i s a s e c t i o n on B l a c k women and a s h o r t b i b l i o g r a p h y .

Per lman, Laura. "Less t h a n equal p r o t e c t i o n under t h e law." Womanpower;

a special i s s u e of Hanpower - magazine , 7:30-33 , November 1975 .

The a u t h o r d i s c u s s e s s t a t e laws and p r a c t i c e s t h a t r e s t r i c t t h e b e n e f i t r i g h t s of p r e g n a n t women.

Nussbaum, J o y c e M .

N a t i o n a l Tax J o u r n a l , 25:183-91, J u n e 1972.

in which husband and wife w o r k . a s t o .how t o c o r r e c t t h e i n e q u a l i t i e s of t h e p r e s e n t sys tem.

"Tax s t r u c t u r e and d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t working wives."

T h i s a r t i c l e discusses t h e t ax costs imposed on families Some s u g g e s t i o n s a r e made

"Sex d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i n employment. '' Women's R i g h t s Law R e p o r t e r , 1:34-78, F a l l / W i n t e r 1972/73.

T h i s a r t i c l e c o v e r s o v e r 1 0 0 cases and EEOC d e c i s i o n s a b o u t sex d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i n employment. I t d i scusses bona f i d e o c c u p a t i o n a l q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , pre-employment t e s t i n g , s t a t e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n on t h e bas i s of s e x , p regnancy , and union d i s c r i m i n a t i o n .

- 3 -

. .

''Sex discrimination in employment. Part 11." Women's R i g h t s Law Reporter, 1:65-103, Spring 1973.

This article provides an update of a prior issue dealing with sex discrimination in employment. It includes legal cases involving women in post-graduate education, unemployment benefits, and an historical look at.women and unions.

Stead, Bette Ann. "The semantics of sex discrimination." Business Horizons,

14;21-25, October 1975.

The author explains how our language displays male orientation and thus contributes to discrimination.

-- Verheyden-Hilliard, Mary Ellen.

"Cinderella doesn't live here anymore." Womanpower; a special issue of Manpower magazine, 7z34-37, November 1975.

The article explores discrimination against women, especially stereotyping in vocational education programs. Statistical information is included and GAO report B-104553, 75-05-12, FPCD-75-153 on the r o l e of federal assistance €or vocational education is cited.

U.S. Department of Labor, Citizen's Advisory Council on the Status of Women. Need for studies of sex discrimination in public schools.

Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.# Sept. 1972. 12 p.

This pamphlet outlines six areas in which discrimination exists in our present school system, including one-sex schools, physical education, reading materials, and promotion of teachers. A bibliography is included.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Broad, Mary. "Developing women's resources.'' Training and Development

Journal, 9:6-9, September 1975.

The article explains how the human resource development (HRD) consultant should recruit, train, and develop a woman's assets €or a more productive worklife.

- 4 -

Stevenson, Gloria.

Manpower magazine, 7:ll-18, November 1975.

article notes several who are, discusses how they got there and what they are trying to accomplish.

"Women in manpower . I ' Womanpower; a special issue of

B Not many women are in manpower programs, but the

U.S. Women's Bureau. , Continuing education €or women: current developments. Washington, D . C . , U.S. Govt. Print. O f f . , 1974. 13 p.

This pamphlet summarizes multiplying programs and problems of the continuing education for women movement in the United States.

U.S. Women's Bureau. Get credit for what you know. Washington, D.C. , U . S .

Govt. Print. O f f . , January 1974. 8 p.

This brief pamphlet gives reasons for futhering one's education, and explains how to get credit by taking exams for both high school and college degrees.

"Words & figures."

November 1475. Womanpower; a special issue of Manpower magazine, 7:25,

This statistical summary concerns the percentage of women in manpower programs.

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT

Kon, Igor.

Social Science Journal, 27:655-665, 1975.

male and female work roles is not going to be totally eliminated. It would be unethical and almost impossible to do so. However, the two roles are undergoing gradual and accepted changes.

"Women at work: equality with a difference?" International

The article's thesis is that the differentiation between

- 5 -

c

Long,. James E. . "Employment discrimination in the federal sector." The Journal of Human Resources, 11:86-97, Winter 1976.

Employment earnings still differ by race and sex in the F e d e r a l government. differentials are cited in this article.

Statistics on earnings

"A powerful new role in the work force, but..." * U . S . News and World Report, 74:58-62. December 8, 1975.

some personal experiences. It comments on the progress of women in the labor market.

This article discusses women in the work force and gives

U . S . Women's Bureau. A working woman's guide to her job rights. Washington, I ) . C . I

1975. 34 p . HD6093.A55

This is a handbook of rights and federal regulations that apply most specifically to women workers.

U . S . Women's Bureau.

status fo r women. (Pamphlet 15). Washington, D.C., U . S . Govt. Print. O f f . , 1976. 20 p.

State labor laws in transition: from protection to equal

This pamphlet summarizes laws of special interest to women and highlights trends t h a t have become evident in the past twelve years.

EQUAL RIGHTS

'House passes Equal Rights Constitutional Amendment." Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 27:656-658, 1971.

The article presents a day by day summary of the ERA in the House, including testimony, majority and minority report, proposed amendments and floor action..

- 6 -

. . .

U.S . Depar tmen t o f Labor. C i t i z e n ' s A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l o n t h e S t a t u s of Women. I n t e r p r e t a t i o n of t h e Equal R i g h t s Amendment in a c c o r d a n c e

w i t h l e g i s l a t i v e h i s t o r y . Wash ing ton , D . C . , U . S . Govt . P r i n t . O f f . , J a n u a r y 1974. 1 5 p.

Congressmen a s t o ' t h e p r o s a n d c o n s of ERA. P a r t i c u l a r a t t e n t i o n i s p a i d t o women and t h e m i l i t a r y .

The p a m p h l e t p r e s e n t s p o i n t s o.f view o f v a r i o u s

U.S. Women's Bureau . "Steps t o a d v a n c e equal o p p o r t u n i t y for women.'' Wash ing ton ,

D .C . , September 1 9 7 5 . U . S . Govt . P r i n t . O f f . 2 p.

Twenty s u g g e s t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n a two-page n e w s l e t t e r f o r a g e n c i e s t r y i n g t o c o r r e c t d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t women i n t e r n a l l y . ~

GENERAL

B e r g q u i s t , V i r g i n i a A .

Labor Review, 97:3-9, October 1974 . Women 's p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n labor ' o r g a n i z a t i o n s , "Monthly

The a u t h o r discusses t h e deve lopmen t a n d problems of women i n l a b o r o r g a n i z a t i o n s . I t d e s c r i b e s t h e t y p e of o c c u p a t i c n and i n d u s t r y i n which women work, e a r n i n g s , p o t e n t i a l g r o w t h of women i n gove rnmen t , a n d a i d s a v a i l a b l e t o u n i o n women.

Carden , Maren Lockwood.

F o u n d a t i o n , 1974 . 2 3 4 p . HQ1426.C25 The new f e m i n i s t movement. N e w York: R u s s e l l Sage

The a u t h o r c o n c e n t r a t e s on two major p a r t s of t h e f e m i n i s t movement: t h e women's l i b e r a t i o n movement a n d t h e women's r i g h t s g r o u p s .

"The c h a n g i n g economic r o l e of women" in U.S. P r e s i d e n t , 1 9 7 5 Manpower R e p o r t of t h e P r e s i d e n t . Wash ing ton , D.C., U.S . Govt . P r i n t . O f f . . , 1975 . pp. 55-75. HD5723.A43 1 9 7 5

c

T h i s chapter e x p l o r e s t h e American woman's r a p i d l y c h a n g i n g work p r o f i l e , f o c u s i n g on " c u r r e n t t r e n d s i n l a b o r force a c t i v i t y , o n demograph ic a n d soc ia l t r a n s i t i o n s a f f e c t i n g women's w o r k l i v e s , and o n same of t h e s p e c i a l p r o b l e m s a f f e c t i n g women workers i n t h e U n i t e d S ta tes . "

- 7 -

Freeman, J o , ed.

P u b l i s h i n g C o . , 1975. 268 p . HQ1426.E62 Women: a f e m i n i s t p e r s p e c t i v e . P a l o A l t o , Ca l . , Mayf i e ld

The o b j e c t i v e o f t h e s e s e l e c t e d e s s a y s on women and t h e f e m i n i s t movement i s t o a l e r t t h e women o f today t o t h e i r c r u c i a l E-ol-es i n s o c i e t y .

Grossman, A l l y s o n Sherman.

Labor Review, 98:3-9, November 1975.

. .

"Women i n . t h e l a b o r f o r c e : t h e e a r l y y e a r s . " Monthly

The a r t i c l e i n c l u d e s s t a t i s t i c s on t e e n a g e g i r l s and women aged 20-24 i n t h e l a b o r f o r c e , showing t h a t t h e r e i s a h i g h r a t e of unemployment among t e e n a g e r s .

- Howe, F l o r e n c e , ed.

182 p. LC1756.W657 Women and t h e power t o change. N e w Pork, M c G r a w - H i l l , 1975 .

These p e r s o n a l a c c o u n t s of f o u r women i n academe are d e s i g n e d t o show t h e s t r u g g l e s t h e y f aced , t h e impac t of t h e women's movement on h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n , and t h e i r o p i n i o n of t h e f u t u r e of women i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y s e t t i n g .

J a f f e , A. J. and Jeanne Clare R i d l e y .

S t a t e s . " I n d u s t r i a l Geron to logy , 3:25-36, Winter 1976.

i n and o u t of t h e l a b o r f o r c e throughoak t h e i r l i f e and c o n c l u d e t h a t o n l y a m i n o r i t y d o so . work most of t h e i r l i v e s , and a n o t h e r p a r t d o n o t work a t a l l .

"The e x t e n t of l i f e t ime employment of women i n t h e U n i t e d

The a u t h o r s e x a n i n e t h e p r e m i s e t h a k women t e n d t o move

W s i g n i f i c a n t m a j o r i t y

K l e i n , Deborah P i s e t z n e r .

Labor Review, 98:lO-16, November 1975. "Women i n t h e l a b o r f o r c e : t h e m i d d l e y e a r s . " Monthly

S t a t i s t i c s on working women i n the 25-54 age g r o u p a r e p r e s e n t e d , w i t h t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t t h e unemployment r a t e d e c r e a s e s a s women g e t o l d e r .

Mennerick, L e w i s A . " O r g a n i z a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r i n g of sex r o i h i n a n o n s t e r e o t y p e d

i n d u s t r y . " A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Science Quar-ly, 20:57G-586, December 1975.

- 8 -

. . ,

T h e a r t i c l e s t u d i e s t h e o c c u p a t i o n of t r a v e l a g e n t s a s a n example o f a r o l e t h a t i s n o t no rma l ly s t e r e o t y p e d by sex. The r e a s o n s why women a r e n o t w e l l r e p r e s e n t e d i n management p o s i t i o n s i n t r a v e l a g e n c i e s a r e d i s c u s s e d .

P e t t y , M . M . and Gordon K . Lee, J r . "Modera t ing e f f e c t s o f s e x o f s u p e r v i s o r and s u b o r d i n a t e

on r e l a t i o n s h i p s between s u p e r v i s o r y behav io r and s u b o r d i n a t e s a t i s f a c t i o n . " J o u r n a l o f Appl ied Psychology, 60:624-628, 1975.

This e x p l o r a t o r y s t u d y was done t o c o r r e l a t e s a t i s f a c t i o n between s u p e r v i s o r and s u b o r d i n a t e , c o n t r o l l i n g f o r sex.

Roby, Pamela. The c o n d i t i o n s of women i n b l u e c o l l a r , i n d u s t r i a l and

s e r v i c e j o b s : A r ev iew of r e s e a r c h and p r o p o s a l s f o r r e s e a r c h , a c t i o n and p o l i c y . ( A pape r p r e s e n t e d a t t h e Workshop on Resea rch Needed t o Improve t h e Employment and E m p l o y a b i l i t y o f Women, sponsored by t h e Wornen's Bureau, Employment S t a n d a r d s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , U.S. Department of Labor , J u n e 7 , 1 9 7 4 . ) Washington, D . C . , U . S . Govt. P r i n t . O f f . , 1 9 7 6 . 9 1 p.

T h e p a p e r r e v i e w s t h e r o l e of women i n b l u e c o l l a r , i n d u s t r i a l and s e r v i c e jobs from 1890-1970. I t c o n c l d d e s by s t a t i n g t h a t c h a n g e s m u s t be made i n t h e economy b e f o r e t h e s t a n d a r d s o f l i v i n g o f b l u e c o l l a r women c a n be improved.

U.S. C i v i l S e r v i c e Commission. F e d e r a l Women's Program. Caree r counsel . ing f o r women i n t h e F e d e r a l government:

a handbook. Washington, D.C., U . S . Govt. P r i n t . O f f . ? 1975. 6 8 p. JK765.A3 no. 27

T h i s is a g e n e r a l r e f e r e n c e f o r p c r s c n s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r h e l p i n g women w i t h t h e i r c a r e e r development . I t p r o v i d e s i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t women i n t h e w o r k f o r c e , t h e i r v o c a t i o n a l development n e e d s , and s u g g e s t e d m a t e r i a l s and methods f o r c a r e e r c o u n s e l i n g .

U.S. Women's B u r e a u .

Govt. P r i n t . O f f . , 1973. 1 4 p . C a r e e r s f o r women i n t h e 7 0 ' s . Washington, D.C.r U.S .

.

The pamphle t p r o v i d e s p r o j e c t i o n s t o h e l p women m a k e r e a l i s t i c p l a n s f o r c a r e e r s i n w h i c h they can f u l l y use t h e i r s k i l l s and e a r n b e t t e r wages.

- 9 -

. .

U.S. Women's Bureau. The earnings gap, median earnings of year-round full-time

workers, by sex. Washington, D O C I , U.S. Govt. Print. Off., March 1975. 3 p.

This pamphlet contains tables showing the median income from 1955-1973 of full-time workers.by sex and years of school completed.

U.S. Women's Bureau. A auide to sources of data on women and women workers for

- the Gnited States and f o r regions, states and local areas. Mastington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1972 . 15 p.

"TO assist employers and other interested persons in acquiring statistical data needed in the development of their programs, the Women's Bureau compiled this list of source materials relating to women and women warkers".

U.S. Women's Bureau. 1 9 7 5 handbook on women workers. Bulletin 297. Washington,

D.C., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1975. 435 p. HD6093.A35 no. 297

This thorough reference 5ook covers almost all aspects of American working women. It contains statistical data on their labor force participation, characteristics of working women, employment patterns, income, education, training and laws affecting women.

U.S. Women's Bureau. Women workers today. Washington, D.COI U . S . Govt. Print.

Off.,.July 1975. 8 p .

A brief overview of women in the labor market is given through the use of charts and figures.

Waldman, Elizabeth and Beverly J. McEaddy.

Monthly Labor Review, 97:3-13, May 1974.

The authors discuss the changing role of women in' industry today, with emphasis on self-employed women's earnings, educational and occupational shifts since World War 11, and the concentration of women in the service industries.

"Where women work - an analysis by industry and occupation."

- 10 -

MEN VS. WOMEN

Buekley, John E. , "Pay differences between women and men in the same job." Monthly Labor Review, 94:36-39, November 1971.

This statistical analysis gives. wage differences between men and women in the same jobs b a t h in companies employing mainly men or women.and in companies having both men and women in the same job.

Chapman, Brad J.

of Management Journal, 18:645-650, September 1975.

and women are detailed.

"Comparison of male and female leadership styles." Academy

The results of a survey on leadership behaviors of men

Fullerton, Howard N. and James J. Bvrne. "Length-of working life for men aid warnen, 1970." Monthly

Labor Review, 99:31-35, February 1976.

Statistics on life and work expectancy €or both men and womer are g i v e n . T h e figures show how t h e length of working l i f e for women h a s increased a s compared to men.

Runt, John W. and Peter N. Saul.

males and females." Academy of Manageanent Journal, 18:690-702, December 1975.

"The relationship of age, tenure, and job satisfaction in

This is an analysis of several studies on job satisfaction, tenure, and salary, and details differences resulting from the age and sex of respondents.

Nevo, Barukh. "Using biographical information to predict success of men

and women in the aray." Journal of Applied Psychology, 61: 106-108, 1976,

An explanation of a method €or predkcting success in the army is shown f o r a specific group of Israel is . No substantive conclusions are drawn.

- 11 -

Schuler, Randall S.

the differences are." Personnel Psychology, 28 : 365-375, Autumn 1975 .

"Sex, organizational levelp and outcome importance: where

The results of studies on differences in male and female outcomes o r results of work a s affected by intrinsic and ektrinsic factors are given in this article.

Williams, Gregory.

of Work and Occupations, 3:38-62, February 1 9 7 6 . "Trends in occupational differentiation by sex. " Sociology

The article examines various measures used to compare job differentiation by sex.

NON-TRADITIONAL JOBS

Baker, Ximball B.

special issue of Manpower magazine, 7:39-42, November 1975.

and gaining a small percentage of women workers.

"HOW to succeed in a journeyman's world." Womanpower; a

The skilled trades are losing their all-male work force

Harris, Edwin.

issue of Manpower magazine, 7:26-29, November 1 9 7 5 .

.programs which help women obtain non-traditional jobs.

"In the manner of Rosie the riveter." Womanpower; a special

The article covers Manpower Administration and other

Hedges, Janice Neipert and Stephen E. Bemis.

Labor Review, 97:14-22, May 1974.

increasing role of women in the skilled trades. Legal, economic, educational, psychological, and future problems are described.

"Sey stereotyping: its decline in skilled trades." Monthly

The article describes with charts and figures the

Sedaka, Janice B. . "Why not a woman?" American Education, 11:ll-15, December 1975.

A pilot program entitled WING is helping women into noR- traditional jobs .

- 12 -

"Those jobs ' f o r men o n l y ' - many women d o n ' t agree." U.S, N e w s & World Report, 79:86-88, November 17@ 1975.

. Some r e a s o n s a re g i v e n t o e x p l a i n why women a r e turning t~ o n c e all-male jobs,

U.S. Wornents Bureau ,

D..C. U.S. Govt. P r i n t . Off., J u n e 1974. 8 P. Steps t o open ing the s k i l l e d t r a d e s t o women. Washington,

The pamphle t l i s t s steps t h a t employers m u s t t ake t o i n c r e a s e t h e e n r o l l m e n t of women i n s k i l l e d t rades and d e t a i l s what u n i o n s and women c a n do t o help.

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

Alpander , Guven G. and Jean F. Gutmann.

for women." P e r s o n n e l J o u r n a l , 55:76-79, F e b r u a r y 1976.

The a r t i c l e d i s c u s s e s t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of women's management programs, which s h o u l d be based on women h a v i n g n e e d s for t r a i n i n g t h a t d i f f e r from those o f men.

" C o n t e n t s and t e c h n i q u e s of management deve lopment programs

Barnes , Marian and S h e r i b e l Rothenberg. "The search for women managers: f i c t i o n or r e a l i t y ? n

Employee R e l a t i o n s Law J o u r n a l , 1:280-292, Autumn 1975.

The a u t h o r s d i s c u s s the r e a s o n s wmen have n o t e n t e r e d i n t o p r o f e s s i o n a l and m a n a g e r i a l jobs h grea ter numbers.

Bar to l , Kathryn M. and Max S. Wortman, Zr.

b e h a v i o r and s a t i s f a c t i o n i n a hospi ta9 ," P e r s o n n e l Psychology, 28:533-547, Winter 1975.

The a r t i c l e discusses men and womem as leaders - how t h e y h a n d l e t h e m s e l v e s , and how fe l low.fYnployees react t o them .

"Male v e r s u s female l e a d e r s : e f f e c t s on p e r c e i v e d leader

Bedeian , A r t h u r G. and A c h i l l e s A. Armmakis.

l e g i t i m a c y . " Human Resource Management, 14:5-9, Winter 1975 . "Male-female d i f f e r e n c e s i n p e r c e i v e d o r g a n i z a t i o n a l

- 13 -

T h i s a r t i c l e c i t e s r e s u l t s o f a ques t ionna i r e g iven to managers t o a s c e r t a i n male-female d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e i r opinions on whether c e r t a i n o rgan iza t iona l i n f l u e n c e s were l e g i t i m a t e l y appl ied . I n many a reas , male a n d female managers were i n complete agreement.

"How to g e t along and ahead i n t h e o f f i c e . " B u s i n e s s Week, p . 107+, March 22, 1976 .

T h i s a r t i c l e l i s ts sugges t ions f o r a s u c c e s s f u l o f f i c e r e l a t i o n s h i p f o r male and female execut ives .

Lehmann, P h y l l i s . "Married ,-moving up, and moving. I' Womanpower; a s p e c i a l

i ssue of Manpower magazine, 7:19-24, November 1975.

Women whose job has requi red them t o r e l o c a t e a r e t h e s u b j e c t of t h i s a r t i c l e . I t discusses s p e c i f i c problems and o f f e r s p o s s i b l e s o l u t i o n s .

"LOO t o p co rpora t e women." Business Week, pp. 56-60+, June 21, 1976.

A l i s t of t h e 1 0 0 t o p co rpora t e women i n t h e U . S . , together w i t h a brief biLgraphy of each one, is provided i n t h i s f e a t u r e a r t i c l e .

Martin, V i rg in i a H . SAM

Advanced Management Jou rna l , 39:44-53, J u l y 1 9 7 4 .

F l e x t i m e is of increas ing in t e re s t to American f i rms . Among t h e b e n e f i t s t o women managers is t h e f a c t t h a t t h e y can s e t t h e i r work schedule t o f i t i n w i t h t h e i r home r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s .

"Recruit ing women managers through f l e x i b l e hours."

Rosenberg, DeAnne.

Supervisory Management, 21:9-12, January 1976 . "Clearing t h e way f o r t h e growth of women subordinates ."

The author r e l a t e s some of t h e ways t h a t bus inesses and people keep women o u t of management p o s i t i o n s .

Smith, Lee. "What's it l i k e f o r women execut ives?" D u n ' s Review, 1 0 6 :

58-61, December 1975.

Problems faced by many women i n top management a r e discussed.

- 14 -

"Up the ladder finally." Business Week, pp. 58-68, November 24, 1 9 7 5 -

The article features several women corporate managers, detailing their personal career advances and how the women and their husbands handle female executive positions.

Walker, Jerry E.

54:95-101, January-February 1976.

Communication is an important part of executives' husbands understanding their wives' careers, and vic? versa.

I' 'Til business us do part?" Harvard Business Review,

. .

"Who are the women in the board rooms?"

. .. The article provides a comprehensive list of women board members . ,'Business and Society Review, pp. 5-10, Winter 1975-76.

Wood'; Marion M.

- Management Journal. "Women in management: how is it working out?" - SAM Advanced

41E22-30, Winter 1976.

Acceptance of women in management is better than expected. In a survey conducted by the author, men and women managers said that reorganization of staff was not a problem; rather the difficulty was finding the qualified women personnel willing to work in management positions.

WOMEN I N THE PROFESSIONS

Asprey, Winifred and Anne Wheeler Laffan. "Women speak out on DP careers." Datamation, 21z41-438

August 197 5.

T h i s article presents results of a survey on how women view their roles in the computing f i e l d . T h e survey was answered by professional women in the computing field, and by women who extensively use computers in their line of work.

Barcelona, Constance T S I Clara C. Lelievre and Thomas W. Lelievre.

Journal of Accountancy, 140:58-64, November 1975. "The professions's underutilized resource: the woman CPA."

Various statistics an wornen accountants and comments on the use of women in the accounting field are presented.

- 15 -

I E p s t e i n , Cyn th ia Fuchs. "Encoun te r ing male e s t a b l i s h m e n t : sex s t a t u s l i m i t s on

women's c a r e e r s i n p r Q f e s s i o n s l " American J o u r n a l of - S o c i o l o g y , 75:65-82, May 1 9 7 0 .

The a u t h o r i d e n t i f i e s some of t h e less n o t i c e a b l e p r o c e s s e s and s t r u c t u i e s l i m i t i n g women i n professions i n t h e Un i t ed S t a t e s , i n c l u d i n g t h e p r o t e g e sys tem o f advancement , women's ach ievemen t , and p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n career r e l a t e d a c t i v i t i e s .

J acobson , B e v e r l y and Wendy Jacobson . " A look a t women i n medic ine ." C i v i l R i g h t s D i g e s t , 7:20-

27, Summer 1975.

A brief h i s t o r y of women i n t h e medical p r o f e s s i o n is g i v e n , i n c l u d i n g p a s t , p r e s e n t , and f u t u r e d i f f i c u l t i e s . Some s t a t i s t i c s a r e i n c l u d e d .

P a r r i s h , John E.

41-43, May 1974. "Women i n p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a i n i n g . " Monthly Labor Review, 97:

The changing role of women from 196U1 t o 1573 i n e i g h t p r o f e s s i o n s i s examined w i t h t h e a i d of c h a r t s and s t a t i s t i c s .

"Women i n s c i e n c e . " Mosaic, 6:8-13, November-December 1975.

The a r t i c l e discusses women i n sc%mce, p r o v i d i n g s t a t i s t i c s , i n f o r m a t i o n on academic achievement , and s u g g e s t i o n s on how t o e n c o u r a g e more women t o o b t a i n d e g r e e s i n s c i e n c e .

WORKING MOTHERS

Fonda, N i c k i e . "Managing m a - e r n i t y l e a v e . " Personnel . ..anagement, 8:25-29,

J a n u a r y 1976.

.

A d e s c r i p t i o n of how m a t e r n i t y leave is hand led i n Great B r i t a i n is p r o v i d e d i n t h e a r t i c l e . P h e p r o b l e m s of c h i l d care f a c i l i t i e s a r e d i s c u s s e d , and p o s s i b l e s l u t i o n s a r e offered.

- 1 6 -

Goad, Marcine H.

Woman, 10:4-5, November 1975.

centers and offers possible solutions.

"Alternatives to daycare frustration." National - Business - L_-

The article discusses several common problems of daycare

Kistler, Linda €I. and Carol C. McDonough.

Labor Law Journal, 26:782-794, December 1955. ' "Paid maternity leave - benefits may justify the cost."

The article covers decisions in court cases concerning paid maternity leave, its cost and the benefits.

U.S. Women's Bureau.

1973. 15 p . Day care facts. Washington, D.C.~ U . S , Govt. Print. Off.,

The pamphlet stresses the need for day care for children of working mothers and reviews public and private programs in existence.

WORKING WOMEN IN OTHER COUNTE.IES

Le ijon , Anna-Gre ta . __I Labour Review; 112:lll-123, August-September 1975.

equality of the sexes in the labor markets is detailed.

"Sexual equality in the labour market ,I1 International

Progress made in the Nordic countries with regard to the

Sullerot, Evelyne. "Equality of remuneration for inen and women in the member

states of t h e EEC." International Labour Review, 112:87-108, August-September 1975.

The article covers many aspects of wage differences and working conditions for men and women in the European Economic Community (EEC).

Turchaninova, Svetlana. "Trends in women's employment in the USSR." International -- Labour Review, 112:253-264, October 1975.

- 17 -

A d e t a i l e d account of working women i n t h e USSR is g i v e n i n the a r t i c l e . Percentages of women i n d i f f e r e n t a r e a s of t h e work f o r c e , educa t iona l a t t a inmen t s , and

.o the r such information is included,

U.S. Women's Bureau, The r o l e and s t a t u s of women workers i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s -_Iy - a n r J a p a n ; _p a j o i n t U n i t e d e- States-- study. - Washington,

, I l .C . U.S. Gov t . Print. O f f . , 1976. 247 p.

This r epor t d i s c u s s e s women workers i n t h e Uri ted S t a t e s and J a p a n and t h e b e n e f i t s and problems der ived from t h e i r jobs.

"Working mothers: a world of prablems."

November 1975. Womanpower; a s p e c i a l i s s u e of -I- Manpower magazine, 7:2-9,

The a r t i c l e d i s c u s s e s problems of working mothers on a world-wide b a s i s . I n c l u d e d a r e ch i ld-care f a c i l i t i e s , housework, and f l e x i b l e working hours,