Selections from Ovid’s Metamorphoses

Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary

Beta Edition 2017

Daphne and Apollo Metamorphoses I.452-567

Geoffrey Steadman

Selections from Ovid’s Metamorphoses Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Beta Edition © 2017 by Geoffrey D. Steadman All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. The Latin text was originally edited by Albert Curtis Clark in 1908. ISBN-13: 978-0-9991884-1-5 Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman geoffreysteadman@gmail.com

Running Core vocabulary for Daphne and Apollo

The following high frequency words have been removed from the commentary and should be thoroughly reviewed before you begin the poem. 1 amor, amōris m.: love, 9 1 certus, -a, -um: reliable, fixed, certain, 4 1 cum: with (+abl); when, after, since, although, 4 1 dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictum: to say, speak, 7 1 dō, dare, dedī, datum: to give, grant, 7 1 hic, haec, hoc: this, these, 9 1 nōn: not, 8 1 noster, nostra, nostrum: our, of ours, 6 1 Phoebus, -ī m.: Phoebus Apollo, 4 1 que: and, 36 1 quī, quae, quod: who, which, that, 24 1 tū, tibi, tē, tē: you, 10 1 videō, vidēre, vīdī, visum: to see, 8 2 deus, -ī m.: god, 6 2 et: and, 17 2 ille, illa, illud: that, those, 12 2 meus, -a, -um: my, 5 2 noster, nostra, nostrum: our, of ours, 6 2 tuus, -a, -um: your, of yours, 5 3 fugiō, -īre, fūgī: to flee, run away, 6 3 in: in, into (abl., acc.), 10 4 ego, mihi, mē, mē: I, me, 10 4 pater, patris m.: father, 5 4 videō, vidēre, vīdī, visum: to see, 8 5 sīc: thus, in this way, 6 5 ut: that, so that; as, 7

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo

Prīmus amor Phoebī Daphnē Pēnēia, quem nōn 452 fors ignāra dedit, sed saeva Cupīdinis īra. Dēlius hunc nūper, victō serpente superbus, vīderat adductō flectentem cornua nervō, “Quid”que, “tibī, lascīve puer, cum fortibus armīs?” 455 dīxerat; “Ista decent umerōs gestāmina nostrōs, quī dare certa ferae, dare vulnera possumus hostī, quī modo, pestiferō tot iūgera ventre prementem, strāvimus innumerīs tumidum Pȳthōna sagittīs. 460

addūcō, -ere, addūxī: to draw arma, armōrum n.: weapons (arms) cornū, cornūs n.: horn; bow Cupīdō, Cupīdinis m.: Cupid Daphnē, Daphnēs f.: Daphne, Laurel, 2 deceō, decēre: to be fitting, be suitable Dēlius, -a, -um: Delian, from Apollo (Apollo) fera, -ae f.: wild animal, beast, 2 flectō, -ere, flexī, flectum: to turn, bend fors, fortis f.: chance, 2 fortis, -e: brave, strong gestāmina, -ōrum n.: equipment hostis, -is m.: enemy, hostile, 3 ignārus, -a, -um: unknown innumerus, -a, -um: innumerable īra, īrae f.: anger iste, ista, istud: that, that…of yours, 2 iūgerum, -ī n.: acre, iugera lascīvus, -a, -um: playful, lascivious modo: just, only (adv), 3

nervus, nervī m.: cord, string, 2 nūper: recently Pēnēia, ae f.: daughter of Peneus, Daphne, 2 pestiferus, -a, -um: pestilence-carrying possum, posse, potuī: to be able, can premō, -ere, pressī, pressum: to press, cover prīmus, -a, -um: first puer, puerī m.: boy Pythōn, Pythōnis m.: Python (large serpent) saevus, -a, -um: savage, fierce sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 2 serpēns, serpentis m.: serpent, snake sternō, -ere, strāvī, stratum: to lay low superbus, -a, -um: pround, arrogant tot: so many tumidus, -ī m.: swollen, tumid umerus, -ī m.: shoulder venter, ventris m.: belly, stomach vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum: to conquer, defeat, 2 vulnus, vulneris n.: wound, 2

52 (erat) Daphnē Pēnēia: nom. pred. add verb quem: which…; antecedent is amor 53 īra: supply verb ‘dedit’ 54 Dēlius: Delian Apollo; Apollo and twin Diana were born on the Greek island of Delos hunc: this one; i.e. Cupid, verb is vīderat 55 adductō: PPP with nervō flectentem: pres. pple modifies hunc cornua: neuter acc. obj. of flectentem 56 quid tibi: What (is it) to you?; dat. of interest lascīve puer: vocative, direct address 57 ista…gestāmina: nom. neuter pl. subject; ista, “those…of yours” has a negstive connotation that simple illa does not quī: (we) who…; 1st plural 58 quī dare certa (vulnera) ferae (possumus)

(et quī) dare (certa) vulnera possumus hostī: we who are able…; ellipsis, asyndeton; Apollo repeats the same clause twice and changes only the dat. ind. object from ferae to hostī; supply the missing vocabulary 59 quī: (we) who…; 1st plural with strāvimus modo: just now; Apollo had just killed the Python, a monstrous serpent in order to take possession of Delphi tot iugera prementem: present pple modifies the Greek acc. Pythōna below pestiferō ventre: with…; abl. of means; the belief was that snake venom is poisonous because snakes eat poisonous plants 60 strāvimus: 1p pf. sternō innumerīs sagittīs: with…; abl. of means

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 2

Tū face nescio quōs estō contentus amōrēs 461 irrītāre tuā nec laudēs assere nostrās.” Fīlius huic Veneris, “Fīgat tuus omnia, Phoebe, tē meus arcus,” ait, “quantōque animālia cēdunt cūncta deō, tantō minor est tua glōria nostrā.” 465 Dīxit et, ēlīsō percussīs āere pennīs, Impiger umbrōsā Parnāsī cōnstitit arce, ēque sagittiferā prōmpsit duo tēla pharētrā dīversōrum operum. Fugat hoc, facit illud amōrem; quod facit, aurātum est et cuspide fulget acūtā, 470

acūtus, -a, um: sharp, pointed, acute āēr, āeris m.: air, 1 ait, aiunt: say, 2 animāl, animālis n.: animal arcus, -ūs m.: a bow arx, arcis m.: hilltop, citadel asserō, assere: to assert claim to, lay claim to aurātus, -a, -um: golden (aurum = gold) cēdō, cēdere, cessī: to go (away), yield (+ dat) cōnstō, -āre, cōnstitī: to stand still contentus, -a, -um: content, satisfied cūnctus, -a, -um: all, every, entire cuspis, cuspidis f.: sharp point, tip (cusp) dīversus, -a, -um: diverse, different, separate duo, duae, duo: two ē, ex: out of, out from (gen) ēlīdō, -ere, ēlīsī, ēlīsus: to strike, dash, drive out estō: be…! (fut. imperative, sum, esse) faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: to do, make, 4 fax, facis f.: torch, firebrand, 2 fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxum: to pierce; fix, shoot, 2 fīlius, -ī m.: son fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: to make flee, 2

fulgeō, -ēre, fulsī: to shine, blaze glōria, -ae f.: glory impiger, -era, -erum: tireless, energetic irrītō (1): to stir up, rouse up, annoy laus, laudis f.: praise, 2 minor, minus: less nec: and not, nor; nēc…nēc, neither…nor, 3 nesciō: I do not know, 3 omnis, omne: all, every, 2 opus, operis n.: work, task; function Parnāsus, -ī m.: Parnasus penna, -ae f.: feather, wing, 3 percutiō, -ere, -cussī, percussum: to shake, 1 pharetra, -ae f.: quiver (arrow-carrier), 2 Phoebus, -ī m.: Phoebus Apollo, 4 prōmō, -ere, prōmpsī: bring forth, draw forth quantus, -a, -um how much sagitterferus, -a, -um: arrow-bearing tantus, -a, -um: so great, so much tēlum, -ī n.: projectile, arrow, javelin umbrōsus, -a, -um: shadowy Venus, Veneris f.: Venus (Cupid’s mother)

61 face…tuā: with…; abl. of means nesciō quōs amōrēs: some love; treat nesciō quōs ‘I don’t know what” as an adj., “some” irrītāre…nec…assere: to…; explanatory infinitives following nom. pred. contentus 63 huic: (said) to this one; dat. ind. obj., hic figat: let…shoot; jussive pres. subj. tuus (arcus): ellipsis; add arcus from below 64 meus arcus (figat): ellipsis; add verb 65 quanto…tanto: as much as.. so much; “by as much…by so much” abl. degree of difference nostrā (glōriā): than…; abl. of comparison equivalent to “minor quam nostra glōria”

66 ēlīsō percussīs āere pennīs: interlocking word order (synchesis); elīsō āere is an abl. abs., and percussīs pennīs is abl. means in the abl. abs.; PPP (pf. pass. pple) ēlīdō and percutiō; pennīs refers to “wings” via synecdoche 67 impiger: translate a nom. adj. as an adverb umbrōsā arce: on…; abl. place where 68 ēque…pharetrā: et ē(x)…pharētrā duo tēla: two arrows; neut. pl. acc. 69 dīversōrum operum: of…; gen. description fugat (amōrem) hoc (telum): hoc is subject facit illud (telum) amōrem: illud is subject 70 quod facit (amōrem): (the arrow) which…

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 3

quod fugat, obtūsum est et habet sub harundine plumbum. 471 Hoc deus in nymphā Pēnēide fīxit, at illō laesit Apollineās trāiecta per ossa medullās. Prōtinus alter amat, fugit altera nōmen amantis; silvārum latebrīs captīvārumque ferārum 475 exuviīs gaudēns, innūptaeque aemula Phoebēs; vitta coercēbat positōs sine lēge capillōs. Multī illam petiēre; illa, āversāta petentēs impatiēns expersque virī, nemora āvia lūstrat, nec, quid Hymēn, quid Amor, quid sint cōnūbia, cūrat 480

aemula, -ae f.: a female rival alter, altera, alterum: other, one…another, 4 amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum: to love, 4 Apollineus, -a, -um: of Apollo at: but, however, 2 āversor, -ārī, āversātum: turn away āvius, -a, -um (ā-via): pathless, remote capillus, -ī m.: hair, 4 captīvus, -a, -um: captured coercēo, -ēre: to restrain, coerce cōnūbium, -iī n.: marriage, 2 cūrō, -āre, -āvī: to care for expers (expertis): inexperienced in (+ gen.) exuviae, -ārum f.: skin, hide; armor fera, -ae f.: wild animal, beast, 2 fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxum: to pierce; fix, shoot, 2 fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: to make flee, 2 gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvisus sum: enjoy, rejoice in habeō, -ēre, habuī: to have, hold, 4 harundō, harundinis f.: shaft of an arrow, rod Hymēn, -is m.: god of weddings, wedding impatiēns, -ntis: impatient, not suffering innūptus, -a, -um: unmarried laedō, -ere, laesī, laesum: to harm, injure, 2

latebra, -ae f.: lair, hiding place lēx, lēgis f.: law lūstrō, -āre, -āvī: traverse; survey medulla, -ae f.: marrow (seat of feeling) multus, -a, -um: much, many nec: and not, nor; nēc…nēc, neither…nor, 3 nemus, nemoris n.: wood, grove, 2 nōmen, nōminis n.: name obtūsus, -a, -um: dull os, ossis n.: bone Pēnēis, -idos: daughter of Peneus per: through, 4 petō, -ere, petīvī, petītus: seek, chase, 3 Phoebē, -ēs f.: Diana, Phoeba Diana plumbum, -ī n.: lead (metal) pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum: to place, 3 prōtinus: immediately silva, -ae f.: woods, forest sine: without sub: under, 3 trāiciō, -ere, trāiēcī: pierce, transfix vir, virī m.: man vitta, -ae f.: ribbon, fillet

71 quod fugat (amōrem): (the arrow) which… 72 hoc (tellum)…illō (telō): emphatic position 73 Apollīneās medūllās: i.e. the belief that the seat of feeling was in the marrow within bones 74 alter…altera: one…the other: i.e. god, girl amantis: of the lover; ‘of one loving’ pple 75 latebrīs… exuviīs: in…and in…; abl. of cause often following gaudeō, here pres. pple modifying altera (i.e. Daphne) 76 aemula: rivaling + gen.; modifying altera innūptae Phoebēs: Greek gen. with aemula 77 positōs: PPP ponō

78 illam: that (one); i.e. Daphne petiēr(unt): 3p pf. petō, petere illa: that (one); nom. subect i.e. Daphne āversāta: having turned away; dep. pf. pple petentēs: those seeking; suitors seeking love 79 impatiēns, expers: nom. adjs. modifying illa nemora āvia: neuter acc. obj. of lūstrat 80 nec…cūrat: cūrat is the main verb in this line quid (sit)…quid (sit)..quid sint: what…is, what…, what…; ind. question, pres. subj. sum. governed by main verb cūrat

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 4

Saepe pater dīxit, “Generum mihi, fīlia, dēbēs”; 481 saepe pater dīxit, “Dēbēs mihi, nāta, nepōtēs.” Illa, velut crīmen taedās exōsa iugālēs, pulchra verēcundō suffunditur ōra rubōre, inque patris blandīs haerēns cervīce lacertīs, 485 “Dā mihi perpetuā, genitor cārissime,” dīxit, “virginitāte fruī; dedit hoc pater ante Diānae.” Ille quidem obsequitur; sed tē decor iste, quod optās, esse vetat, vōtōque tuō tua fōrma repugnat. Phoebus amat vīsaeque cupit cōnūbia Daphnēs, 490

amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum: to love, 4 ante: before, 2 blandus, -a, -um: enticing, flattering cārus, -a, -um: dear, beloved cervix, cervīcis, m.: neck, 2 cōnūbium, -iī n.: marriage, 2 crīmen, crīminis n.: crime cupiō, cupīre, cupīvī: to desire, 2 Daphnē, Daphnēs f.: Daphne, Laurel, 2 debeō, debēre, debuī: owe; ought + inf., 2 decor, decōris m.: beauty, good looks Diāna, -ae f.: Diana (Apollo’s sister) exōsus, -a, -um: hating, loathing fīlia, -ae: daughter fōrma, -ae f.: beauty, form, shape, 2 fruor, fruī fructus sum: to enjoy, experience gener, -ī m.: son-in-law genitor, -is m.: father, begetter, 2 haereō, haerēre, haesīvī: to cling, adhere, 2 iste, ista, istud: that, that…of yours, 2 iugālis, -e: wedding, matrimonial

lacertus, -ī: (upper) arm, 3 nāta, -ae f.: daughter, ‘one born’ nepōs, nepōtis m.: grandson obsequor, -ī, obsecūtus: comply, obey, follows optō (1): to hope for, wish ōs, ōris n.: face, mouth, 3 perpetuus, -a, -um: perpetual, continuous, 2 Phoebus, -ī m.: Phoebus Apollo, 4 pulcher, -ra, -rum: beautiful, handsome quidem: indeed, yes, 2 repugnō (1): resist, fight against rubōr, rubōris m.: red, blushing saepe: often, 2 sed: but, 3 suffundō, -ere: to fill, pour up, spread taeda, -ae f.: wedding torch velut: just as, as if verēcundus, -a, -um: modest, of modesty vetō (1): forbid virginitās, virginitātis, f.: maidenhood vōtum, -ī n.: vow; prayer (votive prayer)

81 Saepe pater dīxit: anaphora; the repetition emphasizes the repeated pleading of the father 82 nāta: daughter; ‘the one born’ a substantive formed from the PPP of nascor, ‘to be born’ 83 Illa: that (one); i.e. Daphne, subject of pres. deponent suffunditur velut crīmen: as if a crime exōsa: loathing; ‘having loathed’ 84 suffunditur: 3s pres. dep., translate active pulchra ōra is neut. pl. acc. obj.; a golden line, as here, is a line with interlocking word order (synchesis) and the verb in the middle 85 inque…cervīce: et in…cervīce; gen. patris modifies cervīce haerēns: pres. pple modifies illa; the line

forms a second, but imperfect, golden line 86 Dā: Grant…: + inf., sg. imperative dō, dare 87 fruī: pres. dep. inf., fruor governs an abl. dedit: pf. dō, dare; see l. 86 above; Diāna is Apollo’s twin sister 88 ille quidem: that one also…; “that one indeed,” in confirmation of previous line obsequitur: 3s pres. dep., translate as active tē…esse: that…; ind. disc. after vetat iste: that…of yours; nom. sg. modifying decor quod optās: (that) which…; the missing antecedent is predicate following esse 89 vōtō tuō: dat. object of compound verb 90 vīsae: (after) having been seen; PPP with Greek genitive sg. Daphnēs

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 5

Quodque cupit, spērat, suaque illum ōrācula fallunt. 491 Utque levēs stipulae dēmptīs adolentur aristīs, ut facibus saepēs ardent, quās forte viātor vel nimis admōvit vel iam sub lūce relīquit, sīc deus in flammās abiit, sīc pectore tōtō 495 ūritur, et sterilem spērandō nūtrit amōrem. spectat inōrnātōs collō pendēre capillōs, et “Quid, sī cōmantur?” ait; videt igne micantēs sīderibus similēs oculōs; videt ōscula, quae nōn est vīdisse satis; laudat digitōsque manūsque 500

abeō, abīre, abīvī: to go away, depart admoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, admōtum: move to adoleō, adolēre, adoluī, adultum: to burn ait, aiunt: say, 2 ardeō, ardēre: to burn arista, -ae f.: harvest capillus, -ī m.: hair, 4 collum, collī n.: neck cōmō, -ere, compsī, comptum: comb, arrange cupiō, cupīre, cupīvī: to desire, 2 dēmō, -ere, dēmpsī, dēmptum: to take away` digitus, -ī m.: finger fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum: to deceive, trick fax, facis f.: torch, firebrand, 2 flamma, -ae f.: flame fors, fortis f.: chance, 2 iam: already, now; nōn iam, no longer, 2 ignis, ignis m.: fire inōrnātus, -a, -um: unadorned laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: praise levis, leve: light, 3 lux, lūcis m.: light manus, manūs f.: hand micō (1): to sparkle, twinkle

nimis: too much, excessively nūtriō, -īre: to feed, nourish oculus, -ī m.: eye ōrāculum, -ī n.: oracle, prophecy ōsculum, -ī n.: lips; kiss, 3 pectus, pectoris n.: chest, heart, 3 pendō, pendere: to hang relinquō, -ere, relīquī: leave behind, abandon, 3 saepēs, -is f.: hedge, row of bushes satis: enough sī: if, whether, 3 sīdus, sīderis n.: star similis, -e: similar + dat., 2 spectō (1): to look at, 2 spērō (1): to hope (for), 3 sterilis, -e, -a: empty, futile stipula, -ae f.: stubble sub: under, 3 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their own, 3 tōtus, -a, -um: entire, whole, total ūro, -ere, ussī, ustum: to burn, inflame vel: or; vel…vel, either…or, 2 viātor, -is m.: traveller

91 quodque: and (that) which…; the missing antecedent is object of spērat sua: his own; modifies nom. pl. ōrācula 92 Utque levēs…relīquit: and just as the light stubble is burned, with the harvest having been removed, and just as hedges burn with torches, which by chance a traveller either moves too close to or has already abandoned (unexstinguished) near daylight; a simile 95 sīc: so; ending the simile from 492 in flammās: fire is often, as here, identified with passion, whether it be love or anger

abiit: 3s pf. abeō 96 pectore tōtō: in…; abl. of place where ūritur: 3s pres. pass. spērandō: by…; gerund (-ing), abl. means 97 inōrnātōs…pendere capillōs: that…; ind. disc., capillōs is acc. subj. collō: in…; abl. of place where 98 Quid, sī: what if…were.?; i.e. “What (would she look like) if…; Apollo is fantasizing; a fut. less vivid condition; pres. subj. cōmō micantēs: pres. pple modifies oculōs 500 est…satis: it is enough to…; impersonal

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 6

bracchiaque et nūdōs mediā plūs parte lacertōs; 501 sī qua latent, meliōra putat. Fugit ōcior aurā illa levī neque ad haec revocantis verba resistit: “Nympha, precor, Pēnēi, manē! Nōn īnsequor hostis; nympha, manē! Sīc agna lupum, sīc cerva leōnem, 505 sīc aquilam pennā fugiunt trepidante columbrae, hostēs quaeque suōs; amor est mihi causa sequendī. Mē miserum—nē prōna cadās, indignave laedī crūra notent sentēs, et sim tibi causa dolōris! Aspera, quā properās, loca sunt: moderātius, ōrō, 510

ad: to, toward agna, -ae f.: lamb, sheep aquila, -ae f.: eagle asper, -era, -erum: harsh, rough aura, -ae f.: breeze, 2 bracchium, -ī n.: arm, 2 cadō, -ere, cecidī: to fall causa, -ae f.: cause, reason, 2 cerva, -ae, f.: deer columbra, -ae f.: dove, pigeon crūs, crūris n.: lower leg, shin dolor, dolōris m.: pain, grief hostis, -is m.: enemy, hostile, 3 indignus, -a, -um: unworthy (+ gen.) īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus: follow (on), chase, 3 lacertus, -ī: (upper) arm, 3 laedō, -ere, laesī, laesum: to harm, injure, 2 lateō, latēre, latuī: to be hidden, lie hidden leo, leōnis m.: lion levis, leve: light, 3 locus, -ī m.: place (neut. pl. loca) lupus, -ī m.: wolf maneō, manēre, mansī: to remain, 2 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 2 melior, melius: better miser, -era, -erum: miserable, lovesick

moderātus, -a, -um: moderate, restrained, 2 nē: so that…not, lest neque: and not, nor; nēc…nēc, neither…nor notō (1): to mark up, note nūdus, -a, -um: bare, naked, nude nympha, -ae f.: nymph, 3 ōcior, -ius: faster, quicker, 2 ōrō (1): to pray, beg, plead pars, partis f.: part, side, direction Pēnēus, -ī m.: Peneus (river god) penna, -ae f.: feather, wing, 3 plūs, plūris: more, many, 2 precor, -ārī, precātus sum: pray, plead prōnus, -a, -um: on one’s face, flat, prone properō (1): to hasten putō (1): to think quā: where quisque, quaeque, quidque: each one resistō, -ere, restitī: to stop, stand (back) revocō (1): to call back sentis, -is m.: bramble, thorns sequor, sequī, secūtus sum: to follow, 2 sī: if, whether, 3 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their own, 3 trepidō (1): to flutter, beat quickly, 2 verbum, -ī n.: word, 2

01 mediā…parte: than…; abl. of comparison, 02 sī qua: if some things…; (ali)qua is indefinite putat (illa esse): he thinks (that those things are)…; meliōra is neut. pl. acc. predicate aurā levī: than….; abl. of comparison 03 ad haec…verba: for…; expressing purpose revocantis: of the one calling (her) back 04 Nympha Pēnēī: vocative direct address hostis: as an enemy 05 agna (fugit) lupum cerva (fugit) leōnem

06 pennā…trepidante: with..., pres. pple trepidō 07 quaeque (fugiunt) hostēs suōs: they each…; sequendī: of…; gen. sg. of gerund (-ing) 08 Mē miserum: acc. of exclamation nē…cadās: don’t let yourself…; jussive subj. laedī: to be harmed; pass. inf. 09 (nē) notent: let…(not) mark up; jussive subj. (nē) sim: let me (not) be…; jussive subj., sum tibi: for you; dat. of interest 10 moderātius: more slowly; comparative adv.

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 7

curre fugamque inhibē; moderātius īnsequar ipse. 511 Cui placeās, inquīre tamen; nōn incola montis, nōn ego sum pāstor, nōn hīc armenta gregēsque horridus observō. Nescīs, temerāria, nescīs quem fugiās, ideōque fugis. Mihi Delphica tellūs 515 et Claros et Tenedos Patarēaque rēgia servit; Iuppiter est genitor; per mē quod eritque fuitque estque patet; per mē concordant carmina nervīs. Certa quidem nostra est, nostrā tamen ūna sagitta certior, in vacuō quae vulnera pectore fēcit. 520

armentum, -ī n.: herd carmen, carminis n.: song, poetry certus, -a, -um: reliable, fixed, certain, 4 Claros, ī m.: Claros (town sacred to Apollo) concordō (1): harmonize currō, currere, cucurrī: run, rush Delphicus, -a, -um: of Delphi, Delphic faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: to do, make, 4 fuga, -ae f.: flight, 3 genitor, -is m.: father, begetter, 2 grex, gregis m.: flock hīc: here horridus, -a, -um: bristling, unkempt, 2 ideō: to this extent incola, -ae, m.: inhabitant, native inhibō, inhibēre, inhibuī: stop, hold, restrain inquīrō, -ere: to ask, inquire, seek out īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus: follow (on), chase, 3 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self (intensive pronoun), 4 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter moderātus, -a, -um: moderate, restrained, 2

mons, montis m.: mountain nervus, -ī m.: cord, string, 2 nesciō: I do not know, 3 observō (1): to watch or look over, observe pāstor, pāstoris m.: shepherd Patarēus, -a, -um: of Patarea (town) pateō, -ēre: to lie open, be open pectus, pectoris n.: chest, heart, 3 per: through, 4 placeō, -ēre, placuī: to be pleasing, 2 quidem: indeed, yes, 2 rēgia, -ae f.: royal palace sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 2 serviō, servīre: to serve, be a slave to (dat) tamen: however, moreover, 4 tellūs, tellūris f.: earth temerārius, -a, -um: rash, bold, reckless Tenedos, ī m.: Tenedos (island sacred to Apollo) ūnus, -a, -um: one, 2 vacuus, -a, -um: empty, in vain, purposeless, 2 vulnus, vulneris n.: wound, 2

11 curre, inhibē: sg. imperatives moderātius: more slowly; i.e. with more restraint; a joke, since he is the god of restraint īnsequar: 1s fut. dep.: translate as fut. active ipse: I myself intensive pronoun 12 cuī placeās: to whom…; ind. question with 2s pres. subj. (sum) incola: nom. pred., supply a 1s verb 14 horridus: modifies 1s subject, “I” nescīs…nescīs: as Apollo grows tired, he repeats himself and speaks in bursts temerāria: vocative direct address 15 quem fugiās: whom…; ind. question with

pres. subj. Delphica tellūs: i.e. Delphi, seat of the oracle 16 servit: 3s although the subject is plural 17 quod…estque: (that) which…; i.e. the future, past, and present; a relative with three verbs; the missing antecedent is the subject of patet 18 nervīs: with…; means 19 certa: reliable; i.e. they hit what is aimed nostra (sagitta): subject nostrā (sagittā): than…; abl. of comparison ūna sagitta (est): subject, add a linking verb 20 in vacuō quae…pectore: which…; in vacuō pectore belongs within the relative clause

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 8

Inventum medicīna meum est, opiferque per orbem 521 dīcor, et herbārum subiecta potentia nōbīs; ei mihi, quod nūllīs amor est sānābilis herbīs, nec prōsunt dominō, quae prōsunt omnibus, artēs!” Plūra locūtūrum timidō Pēnēia cursū 525 fūgit, cumque ipsō verba imperfecta relīquit. Tum quoque vīsa decēns: nūdābant corpora ventī, obviaque adversās vibrābant flāmina vestēs, et levis impulsōs retrō dabat aura capillōs, auctaque fōrma fugā est. Sed enim nōn sustinet ultrā 530

adversus, -a, -um: facing, opposing ars, artis f.: craft, skill, art augeō, augēre, auxī, auctum: to increase aura, -ae f.: breeze, 2 capillus, -ī m.: hair, 4 corpus, corporis n.: body cursus, cursūs m.: course, running decēns, decentis: graceful, attractive dominus, -ī m.: master eī: oh! alas! (interjection) enim: for flāmen, flāminis n.: (strong) wind, gust forma, -ae f.: beauty, form, shape, 2 fuga, -ae f.: flight, 3 herba, -ae f.: plant, medicine, 2 impellō, impellere, -pulī: set in motion, strike imperfectus, -a, -um: unfinished, incomplete inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, inventum: discover, find ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self (intensive pronoun), 4 levis, leve: light, 3 loquor, loquī, locūtus sum: to speak medicīna, -ae f.: medicine nec: and not, nor; nēc…nēc, neither…nor, 3 nūdō (1): to make bare, make nude, reveal

nūllus, -a, -um: not any, no obvius, -a, -um: opposing, facing, in the way omnis, omne: all, every, 2 opifer, -is m.: aid-bearer, bearer of aid, helper orbis, -is m.: orb, sphere; earth Pēnēia, ae f.: daughter of Peneus, Daphne, 2 plūs, plūris: more, many, 2 potentia, -ae f.: power prōsum, -esse: to profit, benefit (dat), 2 quod: because quoque: also, 3 relinquō, -ere, relīquī: leave behind, abandon, 3 retrō: behind, back sānābilis, -e: curable; sound, healthy sed: but, 3 subiectus, -a, -um: subject (to) + dat sustineō, -ēre, sustenuī: to sustain, endure timidus, -a, -um: shy, timid, fearful tum: then ultrā: further, beyond ventus, -ī m.: wind verbum, -ī n.: word, 2 vestis, vestis f.: clothing vibrō (1): to make flap, flutter, wave

21 inventum: invention, discovery; nom. pred., a substantive formed from the PPP inveniō orbem: the world 22 dīcor: I am called; 1s pres. pass. (est) subiecta: is subject; nom. pred. nōbīs: i.e. to me; gods frequently use the 1p 23 ei mihi: alas for me!, Oh me!; dat. of interest quod: because 24 nec artēs, quae omnibus prōsunt, dominō pṝosunt: rearrange the order as in boldface above 25 plūra: more things; neut. pl. acc. plūs

(illum) locūtūrum: (that one)…; fut. pple loquor; the missing pronoun is obj. of fūgit timidō cursū: with…; abl. manner; perhaps looking back and running erratically 26 cumque ipsō: and with the (god) himself 27 vīsa (est): she seemed; ‘was seen,’ pf. pass. videor (seem) governing a nom. pred. 29 levis…aura: subject, levis is 3rd decl. adj. 30 aucta…est: increased; 3s pf. semi-dep. augeō fugā: abl. means sed enim: Yes, but…; ‘but, you see,…’ sustinet: endure to…; + complementary inf.

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 9

perdere blanditiās iuvenis deus, utque monēbat 531 ipse Amor, admissō sequitur vēstīgia passū. Ut canis in vacuō leporem cum Gallicus arvō vīdit, et hic praedam pedibus petit, ille salūtem alter inhaesūrō similis iam iamque tenēre 535 spērat, et extentō stringit vēstīgia rōstrō alter in ambiguō est an sit comprēnsus, et ipsīs morsibus ēripitur, tangentiaque ōra relinquit— sīc deus et virgō; est hic spē celer, illa timōre. Quī tamen īnsequitur, pennīs adiūtus Amōris, 540

adiūvō, -āre, -āvī, -adiūtus-a-um: to aid, help admissus, -a, -um: at full gallup, let go, 1 alter, altera, alterum: other, one…another, 4 ambiguum, -ī n.: uncertainty, doubt an: whether arvum, -ī n.: field, plowed land blanditia, -ae f.: flattery, enticements canis, canis m.: dog celer, celeris, celere,: swift, fast comprehendō, -ere, -dī, comprehensus: catch cum: with (+abl); when, after, since, although, 4 ēripiō, -ere, -uī, ēreptum: snatch/tear (away) extendō, -ere, -dī, extentum: stretch out, extend Gallicus, -a, -um: Gallic, of Gaul iam: already, now; nōn iam, no longer, 2 iamque: and now inhaereō, -ēre, inhaesīvī: to cling on, attach īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus: follow (on), chase, 3 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self (intensive pronoun), 4 iuvenis, -e: young, young man lepus, leporis m/f: rabbit moneō, monēre, monuī: to advise, warn morsus, -ūs m.: a bite, gnawing

ōs, ōris n.: face, mouth, 3 passus, -ūs m.: pace, step penna, -ae f.: feather, wing, 3 perdō, perdere: to waste, destroy, lose, 2 pēs, pedis m.: foot, 2 petō, -ere, petīvī, petītus: seek, 3 praeda, -ae f.: loot, prey relinquō, -ere, relīquī: leave behind, abandon, 3 rōster, rōstrī m.: snout, beak, nose salūs, salūtis f.: health, safety, refuge sequor, sequī, secūtus sum: to follow, 2 similis, -e: similar + dat., 2 spērō (1): to hope (for), 3 spēs, spēī f.: hope stringō, -ere, -nxī, -nctum: graze, touch lightly tamen: however, moreover, 4 tangō, tangere, tetigī, tactum: to touch teneō, -ēre, tenuī, tentum: to hold timor, -is m.: fear, terror vacuus, -a, -um: empty, in vain, purposeless, 2 vēstīgium, -iī n.: footprints, footsteps, traces, 2 virgō, virginis f.: maiden, unmarried woman

31 perdere blanditiās: i.e. trying to talk to her is a waste of time utque: and as…; ut with indicative verb 32 ipse Amor: Love itself admissō passū: in full gallop; abl. manner admittō is used to describe when a rider ‘lets go (of the reins)’ to allow a horse to run as fast as possible; PPP admittō vēstīgia: i.e. close behind Daphne; acc. pl. 33 Ut canis…cum Gallicus: just as when a Gallic dog…; a simile involving a hunt 34 hic…(et) ille: this one…(and) that one pedibus: on foot; abl. of means

ille (petit) salūtem: ellipsis, supply verb 35-38 alter inhaesūrō…relinquit: the one, similar to one clinging, again and again hopes to grab hold, and grazes her foot with extended snout, the other is in doubt whether it is caught, and snatches itself from the bites, and leaves behind the touching mouth. 39 sīc deus et virgō (sunt): thus…; simile ends hic (est)…illa (celeris est): ellipsis, add verb spē, timōre: because of…; both abl. of cause timōre: with…; abl. of means or cause 40 Quī: (the one) who…; add subject, i.e. Apollo adiūtus: PPP modifies missing subject

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 10

ōcior est, requiemque negat, tergōque fugācis 541 imminet, et crīnem sparsum cervīcibus afflat. Vīribus absūmptīs, expalluit illa, citaeque victa labōre fugae, spectāns Pēnēidās undās, “Fer, pater,” inquit, “opem, sī flūmina nūmen habētis! 545 —546 corrupt— Quā nimium placuī, mūtandō perde figūram!” Vix prece fīnītā, torpor gravis occupat artūs; mollia cinguntur tenuī praecordia librō, in frondem crīnēs, in rāmōs bracchia crēscunt; 550

absumō, -ere, -psī, -sumptum: use up, spend afflō (1): to blow onto, breathe onto artus, artūs m.: limb (of the body), joint bracchium, -ī n.: arm, 2 cervix, cervīcis, m.: neck, 2 cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctum: to surround citus, -a, -um: fast, quick crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētum: to grow crīnis, crīnis m.: hair, 2 expalleō, -ēre, expalluī: become pale, pale ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: to carry, bring; endure figūra, -ae f.: shape, figure fīniō, -īre, finīvī, finītum: to end, finish, 2 flūmen, flūminis n.: river frons, frondis m.: leaf, frond, 2 fuga, -ae f.: flight, 3 fugāx, fugācis, m.: one fleeing, fugitive gravis, -e: heavy, weighty habeō, -ēre, habuī: to have, hold, 4 immineō, -ēre: to hang over, threaten + dat inquit: say, said labor, labōris, m.: toil, labor, work liber, librī m.: (thin) bark; book mollis, -e: soft, supple

mūtō (1): to change negō (1): to deny, say that…not nimium: too much, excessively nūmen, nūminis n.: divine power occupō (1): to occupy, seize ōcior, -ius: faster, quicker, 2 ops, opis f.: help, resources Pēnēidus, -a, -um: of the river Peneus perdō, perdere: to waste, destroy, lose, 2 placeō, -ēre, placuī: to be pleasing, 2 praecordium, -iī n.: chest prex, precis f.: prayer rāmus, rāmī m.: branch, 3 requiēs, -iētis f.: rest sī: if, whether, 3 spargō, -ere, sparsī, sparsum: spread, scatter spectō (1): to look at, 2 tenuis, -e: thin, slender, tenuous tergum, -ī n.: back torpor, -is m.: sluggishness, torpor unda, -ae f.: wave vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum: to conquer, defeat, 2 vīrēs, vīrium f.: strength vix: with difficulty

41 tergō: over…; dat. of compound verb 42 cervīcibus: on…; abl. place where; poetic plural, translate as singular 43 vīribus absūmptīs: abs. abs., abl. pl. vīrēs, ‘strength,’ which is the pl. of vīs, ‘force’ victa: PPP vincō modifying ‘illa’ 44 spectāns: nom. sg. modifying illa 45 Fer: irregular sg. imperative (command) flūmina: you rivers; nom. subject is 2p; a poetic plural: translate in the singular 47 quā: by which…; the antecedent is ‘figūram’

placuī: 1s pf. mūtandō: by…; abl. means, gerund (-ing) figūram (meam): my shape 48 prece fīnītā: abl. abs., vix is part of the abs. artūs: 4th decl. acc. pl. 49 mollia…praecordia, tenuī…librō: synchesis, interlocking word order; mollia praecordia is subject, tenuī librō is abl. of means; tenuī is a 3rd decl. i-stem abl. 50 in frondem crīnēs (crescunt et): ellipsis and asyndeton; add the verb, crīnēs is the subject

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 11

pēs modo tam vēlōx pigrīs rādīcibus haeret, 551 ōra cacūmen habet; remanet nitor ūnus in illā. Hanc quoque Phoebus amat, positāque in stīpite dextrā sentit adhūc trepidāre novō sub cortice pectus, complexusque suīs rāmōs, ut membra, lacertīs 555 ōscula dat lignō; refugit tamen ōscula lignum. Cui deus “At quoniam coniūnx mea nōn potes esse, arbor eris certē,” dīxit, “mea! Semper habēbunt tē coma, tē citharae, tē nostrae, laure, pharētrae. Tū ducibus Latiīs aderis, cum laeta triumphum 560

adhūc: still adsum, adesse, afuī: to be present, be at hand arbor, arboris m.: tree at: but, however, 2 cacūmen, cacūminis n.: treetop, 2 certus, -a, -um: reliable, fixed, certain, 4 cithara, -ae f.: lyre, cithara coma, -ae f.: hair complector, complectī, complexus: embrace, 1 coniūnx, coniugis m/f: spouse, wife, husband cortex, corticis m.: outer bark cum: with (+abl); when, after, since, although, 4 dexter, dextra, dextrum: right; right hand dux, ducis m.: leader habeō, -ēre, habuī: to have, hold, 4 haereō, haerēre, haesīvī: to cling, adhere, 2 lacertus, -ī: (upper) arm, 3 laetus, -a, -um: happy, sleek, prosperous Latius-a-um: Latin laurus, -ī m.: laurel tree lignum, -ī n.: wood, 2 membrum, -ī n.: limb (of a body) modo: just, only (adv), 3 nitor, nitōris m.: sheen, shine, gleam novus, -a, -um: our, of ours ōs, ōris n.: face, mouth, 3

ōsculum, -ī n.: lips; kiss, 3 pectus, pectoris n.: chest, heart, 3 pēs, pedis m.: foot, 2 pharetra, -ae f.: quiver (arrow-carrier), 2 Phoebus, -ī m.: Phoebus Apollo, 4 piger, pigra, pigrum: sluggish, slow pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum: to place, 3 possum, posse, potuī: to be able, can quoniam: seeing that, since quoque: also, 3 rādīx, rādīcis f.: root rāmus, rāmī m.: branch, 3 refugiō, -īre, fūgī: to flee back, run away remaneō, -manēre, -mansī: to remain semper: always, 2 sentiō, -īre, sensī, sensum: to feel, realize stīpes, stīpitis f.: trunk, tree trunk sub: under, 3 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their own, 3 tam: so tamen: however, moreover, 4 trepidō (1): to flutter, beat quickly, 2 triumphus, -ī m.: triumph (a parade) ūnus, -a, -um: one, 2 vēlox, vēlōcis: swift, fast, quick

51 pēs modo tam…haeret: note the progression in meaning of words and movement from short quick words to longer multi-syllabic words pigrīs rādicibus: abl. of means 52 ōra: the face; ōs nom. pl.; synecdoche nitor: the glossy cuticle on the leaf of the tree ūnus: alone; or ‘only’ illā…hanc: that one…this one; i.e. Daphne 53 positā…dextrā (manū): abl. abs., PPP ponō

54 trepidāre…pectus: that her heart…; ind. disc. governed by sentit 55 complexus: having embraced; dep. pf. pple ut membra: as if…; clause of comparison 57 Cui: to this one…(said); ‘to whom’ potes: 2s pres. possum 58 tē…tē (habēbunt)…tē (habēbunt): add verb; i.e. laurel crown and design on the woodwork 59 laure: laurel tree; voc. direct address 60 aderis: 2s fut. sum, + dat. of compound verb

Ovid’s Metamorphoses: Daphne and Apollo 12

vōx canet et vīsent longās Capitōlia pompās. 561 Postibus Augustīs eadem fīdissima custōs ante forēs stābis, mediamque tuēbere quercum, utque meum intōnsīs caput est iuvenāle capillīs, tū quoque perpetuōs semper gere frondis honōrēs!” 565 Fīnierat Paeān; factīs modo laurea rāmīs adnuit, utque caput vīsa est agitāsse cacūmen.

adnuō, -ere: to nod (in assent) agitō (1): to shake ante: before, in front of, (acc) 2 Augustus, -a, -um: Augustan, of Augustus cacūmen, cacūminis n.: treetop, 2 canō (1): to sing capillus, -ī m.: hair, 4 Capitōlium, ī n.: Capitoline hill caput, capitis n.: head, 2 custōs, custōdis m.: guard, custodian faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: to do, make, 4 fīdus, -a, -um: faithful, trustworthy (dat.) fīniō, -īre, finīvī, finītum: to end, finish, 2 foris, foris f.: door, opening; pl. double doors frons, frondis m.: leaf, frond, 2 gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum: to wear, carry (on) honor, -is m.: honor, praise īdem, eadem, idem: same

intōnsus, -a, -um: uncut, unshorn iuvenālis, -e: youthful laurea, ae f.: laurel (tree) longus, -a, -um: long medius, -a, -um: middle of, 2 modo: just, only (adv), 3 Paeān, Paeānis m.: Paean Apollo (Healer) perpetuus, -a, -um: perpetual, continuous, 2 pompa, -ae f.: parade, procession postis, is m.: doorposts quercus, -ī m.: oak quoque: also, 3 rāmus, rāmī m.: branch, 3 semper: always, 2 stō, -āre, stetī, statum: to stand tueor, tuērī, tuitus sum: watch over, guard vīsō (1): to watch over vōx, vōcis f.: voice

61 cum…canet…vīsent: when…; circumstantial cum clause with pres. subj. canō, vīsō; the canō refers to the shouts of Triumpha as the procession proceeds through the streets Capitōlia: the Capitoliums; i.e. the Capitoline Hill; either a poetic plural (translate sg.) or Ovid is emphasizing that there are repeated processions over the years longās pompās: i.e. Triumphal parades, which pass by the Capitoline Hill 62 Postibus Augustīs: either dat. with fīdissima (to) or dat. of interest with custōs (for); i.e. the entrance to the house of Augustus on the Palatine hill was flanked by laurel trees with an oak wreath above the door (tū) eadem: you likewise, you at the same time; fem. nom. sg., a common adverbial translation for idem, eadem, idem

fīdissima custōs: you as…; nom. in apposition to 2s subject; superlative fīdus 63 mediam: in the middle; see note for line 62 tuēber(is): syncopated 2s fut. dep. tueor 64 utque…: and just as…; ut introduces a clause of comparison intōnsīs capillīs: because of…; abl. of cause 65 perpetuōs frondis honōrēs: the laurel tree is an evergreen, and so it is perpetually green 65 gere: sg. imperative 65 Paeān: a nother name for Apollo that identifies him as the god of healing 66 factīs modo…rāmīs: abl. abs., translate adv. modo as ‘just now’ 67 utque caput: just as a head vīsa est: she seemed; ‘she was seen,’ a common translation for passive videor agitā(vi)sse: to have…; pf. act. inf. agitō