Selection of Water Sources in Emergency Operations

Selection of Water Sources in Emergency Operations

Selection of water sources in emergency operationsWATSAN M15 ERUWATSAN M15 ERU 2

Contents

1.1. Why water supply selection?Why water supply selection?

2.2. Availability of resources.Availability of resources.

3.3. Technical criteria.Technical criteria.

4.4. Steps to select a water sourceSteps to select a water source


1.Why Water Source Selection?


• QuantityQuantity• QualityQuality• AccessAccess• DistributionDistribution• SafetySafety• Camp SiteCamp Site• Local Communities / Local GovernmentLocal Communities / Local Government

ONCE DECIDED IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CHANGEONCE DECIDED IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CHANGE

1. Why Water Source Selection?1. Why Water Source Selection?


2. Availability of Resources


• SURFACE WATERSURFACE WATER– LakesLakes– RiversRivers

• GROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER– WellsWells– BoreholesBoreholes– SpringsSprings

• RAIN WATERRAIN WATER

2. Availability of Resources2. Availability of Resources

Jorge Durand Zurdo

Destacar la cantidad de tiempo e renovación de las aguas en el grafico de abajo


HumanitarianHumanitarianHumanitarianHumanitarian

HydrologyHydrologyHydrologyHydrology

AccessibilityAccessibilityAccessibilityAccessibility3. Technical Criteria


HumanitarianHumanitarian

• Type of emergencyType of emergency

• Needs of affected populationNeeds of affected population

• SPHERE WATSAN indicatorsSPHERE WATSAN indicators

4. Technical Criteria4. Technical Criteria


Natural causesNatural causes

-droughts-droughts-floods-floods-huricanes-huricanes-earthquakes-earthquakes-volcanic activity-volcanic activity

-wars-wars-accidents-accidents-famine-famine

Human causesHuman causes

EMERGENCYEMERGENCY

DisastersDisasters

HumanitarianHumanitarian4. Technical Criteria4. Technical Criteria


Needs of affected populationNeeds of affected population

The amount of water supplied to the population might vary The amount of water supplied to the population might vary according to climatological, hydrological and geographical according to climatological, hydrological and geographical

conditions as well as the habits of the population. conditions as well as the habits of the population.

Mínimum:Mínimum:

15 litres of water per day per person (Sphere)15 litres of water per day per person (Sphere)



Sphere Water Minimum StandardsSphere Water Minimum Standards

• Average water use for drinking, cooking and personal hygiene at least 15 l./ person / day

• The maximum distance to the nearest water point is 500 metres

• Queuing time at a water source no more than 15 minutes

• No more than three minutes to fill a 20-litre container

• Appropriate quantities of water are available consistently or on a regular basis

• One washing area per 250 people

• Septic tanks more than 30m away from any groundwater source.

• Latrines 1.5 m. above water level

• Drainage system in water collection points

• Average water use for drinking, cooking and personal hygiene at least 15 l./ person / day

• The maximum distance to the nearest water point is 500 metres

• Queuing time at a water source no more than 15 minutes

• No more than three minutes to fill a 20-litre container

• Appropriate quantities of water are available consistently or on a regular basis

• One washing area per 250 people

• Septic tanks more than 30m away from any groundwater source.

• Latrines 1.5 m. above water level

• Drainage system in water collection points



• AVAILABILITY OF WATER SOURCESAVAILABILITY OF WATER SOURCES

• QUALITY QUALITY – WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO) WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO) – GOVERMENT REGULATIONSGOVERMENT REGULATIONS

• QUANTITY QUANTITY – Current needsCurrent needs– Forecasted needsForecasted needs

• RAIN WATER DRAINAGERAIN WATER DRAINAGE

HydrologyHydrology4. Technical Criteria4. Technical Criteria


• Access to the water source (ERT)Access to the water source (ERT)• Access to water distribution points (Beneficiaries)Access to water distribution points (Beneficiaries)

All people have safe and equitable access to a sufficient quantity of water for drinking, cooking and personal and domestic hygiene.

Public water points are sufficiently close to households to enable use of the minimum water requirement

All people have safe and equitable access to a sufficient quantity of water for drinking, cooking and personal and domestic hygiene.

Public water points are sufficiently close to households to enable use of the minimum water requirement

AccessibilityAccessibility4. Technical Criteria4. Technical Criteria


a.- a.- Compilation of informationCompilation of information

b.- Selection of survey areas b.- Selection of survey areas

c.- Field survey and c.- Field survey and completion of formscompletion of forms

d.- Public bodies / NGOs / Beneficiariesd.- Public bodies / NGOs / Beneficiaries

e.- Selection of water source & camp sitee.- Selection of water source & camp site

4. Steps to select a water source


5. Steps to Select a Water Source5. Steps to Select a Water Source

a.- a.- Compilation of informationCompilation of informationa.- a.- Compilation of informationCompilation of information

WHAT? WHAT? – Maps (Hydrological, topographic, infrastructures-water supply, etc)Maps (Hydrological, topographic, infrastructures-water supply, etc)

– Reports (Government, Red Cross (FACT) , NGOs)Reports (Government, Red Cross (FACT) , NGOs)

– Aerial photographsAerial photographs

WHERE?WHERE?• IFRCIFRC

• ICRCICRC

• Local Chapter / BranchLocal Chapter / Branch

• Central GovernmentCentral Government

• Local GovernmentLocal Government

• NGOsNGOs

• Local PopulationLocal Population

• InternetInternet



b.- b.- Selection of survey areasSelection of survey areasb.- b.- Selection of survey areasSelection of survey areas


– Individual basic equipmentIndividual basic equipment• Maps, compass, GPS Maps, compass, GPS

– Water analysisWater analysis• Conductivity meter Conductivity meter

• pH meter pH meter

• Turbidíty meter Turbidíty meter • NitatesNitates• Nitrites Nitrites

• Delagua kit Delagua kit • HardnessHardness


c.- c.- Field surveyField surveyc.- c.- Field surveyField survey

Searching for a water source & a site campSearching for a water source & a site camp




Water analysisWater analysis




Completion of Completion of

assessment formsassessment forms


Water source Nº:_______ Date:__________________

Type of source (River, stream, canal, well, borehole, etc)

Current uses of the water source

Current uses of water upstream or above the source

Current quantity of flow

Colour and odder of water

Is the water source seasonal? Specify the periods when flow is higher and lower

Average waking distance to households

Are the surroundings used for defecation?

Type of surrounding vegetation

Type of surrounding fauna



FIELD LOG BOOKFIELD LOG BOOK

Physical characteristics of water sourcesPhysical characteristics of water sources


Date

Source Nº

Date

Source Nº

Date

Source Nº

Date

Source Nº

Coeliforms (Nº x 100ml)

Hardness (mg/l)

Conductivity (µS/cm)

pH Nitrates (mg/l)

Nitrites (mg/l)

Turbidity (NTU)


c.- c.- Field surveyField surveyc.- c.- Field surveyField survey FIELD LOG BOOKFIELD LOG BOOK

Analysis of water sourcesAnalysis of water sources



d.- d.- Talks toTalks to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOsLocal Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOsd.- d.- Talks toTalks to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOsLocal Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOs


The Team Leader decides The Team Leader decides

the water source & the water source &

camp site location basedcamp site location based

on the analysis of :on the analysis of :– ReportsReports– MapsMaps– Field surveysField surveys– Field Log Book dataField Log Book data– Talks to Public bodies/NGOs/Talks to Public bodies/NGOs/

BeneficiariesBeneficiaries


e.- e.- Selection of the water source & camp siteSelection of the water source & camp sitee.- e.- Selection of the water source & camp siteSelection of the water source & camp site


Thank you……….Thank you……….

Documents

Selection of Water Sources in Emergency Operations