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Selecting Swine
3121
Adam Nash
The Incredible Pig
Did you know?Fat from the pig was used to make nitroglycerine for War explosives
After war, consumers were diet conscience and quit eating pig
See the difference? Selection has changed
over timeIn the past, short fat lard types.
Now: an extremely thick-muscled, long bodied, stress prone type
Why?
http://www.boarsemen.com/boarpen/ppigs.htm
Selection of breeding animals: Overview
Look for an animal who is: Structurally sound, Healthy, Big volume, Thick muscled and Efficient
Be able to explain in your words.
I. Visual appraisal II. Production testing III. Pedigree evaluation
Selection based on:
I. Visual Appraisal
1. Look at confirmation2. Structural soundness of feet and
legs- NPPC scoring system3. Size and scale- weigh 200 at
6months,4. Health and vigor
I. Visual Appraisal NPPC scoring system
1. Unsound- Obvious restriction of movement
2. Intermediate- Structural condition is not serious enough to create risk in movement
3. Sound- free of major or minor structural weakness
II. Swine Performance data
Based on:• Sow productivity, • growth rate, • feed efficiency and • carcass merit
Heriability: % rate that a trait/characteristic will be
passed on to offspring
Low heritability means it is unlikely that trait will be passed on
High Heritability means that trait is easily passed on to each generation
Why do we care?
Heritability Fertility # weaned Wt. At weaning Rate of gain Efficiency of gain Fat over loin Loin-eye area % of lean cuts
0-15% 10-15% 15-20% 25-30% 30-35% 45-50% 45-50% 30-40%
A sow is productive if?
Prolific- min 8/9 offspring2.5 to 4 lb birth wt.21 day litter wt= milking abilitySow index- how good she is
compared to her peers
Lets do the math
L= # piglets born alivel= avg. # piglets born alive for comparable groupW= 21 day weight for individualw= 21 day weight for comparable group
Sow index:= 100+6.5(L-l)+1.0(W-w)
Lets do the mathSow index:= 100+6.5(L-l)+1.0(W-w)
Betsy had 9 piglets Her comparable groups had an avg. of 7
Betsy’s piglets avg. 105 lbs. Her comparable group avg.
110 lbs. What do we know?
Performance data: Sow index
Index can be used for a number of traits You just have to find out the
coefficient
B. Growth weight
Number of days required to reach a specific weight
Usually 230 pounds
C. Feed efficiency
Amount of weight gained per amount of food eaten
More math:
Pig is fed 6 pounds of food per day.Pig is gaining 2 pounds per day.What is this pigs feed conversion?
Takes 3 pounds of feed to gain 1 pound3:1
Try this
Pig needs to weigh 245 in 2 weeksToday he weighs 200 poundsHe currently gets 6 lbs of food a dayHis feed conversion is 2:1How much does he gain a day?Will he make weight?
Math Problem Gain: 3 pounds a day
In 14 days he will weigh 242What to do?
d. Carcass merit
• What are the types of Hogs?Primary Lean Cuts = hams, loins, picnics, Boston ButtsMeat Type Hog: more than half the weight of a Number 1 animal is Primary Lean Cuts(PLC)
• Bacon Type Hog: less than 1/2 is PLC– large litter size– little value in U.S. except to increase litter size
d. Carcass merit
USDA grades 1,2,3,4, UtilityBased on yield of lean cuts:
Backfat over last ribMuscling
1 is good and Utility is undesirable
What it comes down to: Hog Selection Feed Conversion Rate: pounds of feed needed to
make a pound of hog – no more than 4 lbs of feed per 1 lb of hog Minimum Litter Size = 9 First Litter should have a combined pig wt at 21 days
of 95 lbs or more – 110 lbs for a mature sow