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http://www.svri.nl/en/selecting-a-current-transformer-ct/
Selecting a Current Transformer (CT)
14 AUGUST 2014
If the current ratio, burden and class are selected, the current transformer (CT) has
been specified basically. Of course additional requirements like type, frequency,
isolation level, maximal short circuit current and environmental conditions should
also be specified.
Current ratio Ip/Is
The current ratio is the ratio between the primary and secondary current.
For the primary current Ip you can select the first value that follows the highest
continuous current from the range:
1 – 1.25 – 1.5 – 2 – 2.5 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7.5 A
Decades also belong to the range, like for example:
1000 - 1250 - 1500 - 2000 - 2500 - 3000 - 4000 - 5000 - 6000 - 7500 A
The secondary current Is is mostly 1A or 5A.
– 1A is my favorite, because the cable losses verliezen (VA) are 25x less compared
with 5A.
– 1A current transformer could be smaller at a required knee-point voltage.
– 5A was required when relays took their power supply from the sensing current.
– 5A is still commonly used in the US, unfortunately.
Accuracy
The accuracy of a current transformer depends among others of :
– burden
– class/saturation
– load
– frequency
– temperature
Accuracy based on burden and class (IEC)
For the burden you can select the first value that follows the actual load (including
cable losses) from the range:
2.5 – 5 – 10 – 15 - 30 VA
For the class you can select:
Sometimes the factor of
security (FS) is also
specified to protect metering
devices against high short
circuit currents. If FS = 5, the
composite error at 5 x Ip ≥ 10%. Standard values are:
FS 5 – FS 10
Accuracy based on knee-point voltage and Rct
For class X (BS), and class PX and PR (IEC) current transformer for protection relays
the accuray is not based on burden and class, but on:
– minimum knee-point voltage, with corresponding maximum magnetising current
– secondary winding resistance Rct (75°C)
- load
Note: IEC and ANSI/IEEE define knee-point voltage different
Accuracy based on ANSI/IEEE standards
For current transformers for metering you should select a burden in ohms and
an accuracy percentage. A B0.5 is a 0.5 ohm load, For example.
Burden: B0.1 – B0.2 – B0.5 – B0.9 – B1.8
Accuracy percentage: 0.3 – 0.6 – 0.9 – 1.2 – 2.4
For current transformers for protection there is a C-range, that is given in the
tabel with the IEC equivalent.
Notes:
- C400 and C800 can be very large CTs
– Divide burden (VA) by 5 for 1 A CTs
Application Class
Very accurate metering 0.1 - 0.2
Tariff (kWh) metering 0.5 – 0.5S – 0.2 – 0.2S
Instrument meters and control 1
Protection (P) 5P20 – 5P10 – 10P10
ANSI/IEEE IEC (5 A CTs)
C100 25VA, 5P20
C200 50VA, 5P20
C400 100VA, 5P20
C800 200VA, 5P20
Examples and tips
If the maximum continuous current is 1124 A (50 Hz), then the current
transformer specification for protection could be: 1250/1 A, 10 VA, 5P20
For kWh metering could be: 1250/1 A, 5 VA, cl. 0.2S
Or with a factor of security: 1250/1 A, 5 VA, cl. 0.2S FS 5
The accuracy class is only applicable if the total load including cable losses is
approximately equal to the current transformer burden.
If the burden of a current transformer for metering is much higher than the
load, instruments and devices could be damaged if short circuit occurs
somewhere.
A current transformer could comply with requirements of several
combinations, e.g. 30 VA, 5P10 and 15 VA, 5P20.
For metering the ANSI/IEEE specification of the current transformer could
be 500/5A, 0.3 B0.5 (, 60 Hz). In that case, the burden will be 0.5 x 5² = 12.5 VA.
For protection the ANSI/IEEE specification of the current transformer could be
500/5A C100 (, 60 Hz). The secondary current through a standaard 1 ohm load
can be 20 × 5 A = 100 A , with an inaccuracy less than 10%. The voltage over
the load will be 100 V.
See also
Wikipedia - Current transformer
RS Isolsec - Selecting a Current Transformer
References
IEC 61869-1 – Instrument transformers – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61869-2 – Instrument transformers – Part 2: Additional requirements for
current transformers
IEC 60044-1 and IEC 185 are withdrawn current transformer standards
IEEE Std C57.13-2008 – IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument
Transformers