Selected Current Efforts

Cognitive Radio Technologies, 2008

Selected Current EffortsCommercial, University, Defense


Commercial Cognitive Radio Standards802.11h,y, 802.16h, 802.22


• Explicitly opened up Japanese spectrum for 5 GHz operation

• Part of larger effort to force equipment to operate based on geographic region, i.e., the local policy

Lower UpperU.S. 2.402 2.48Europe 2.402 2.48Japan 2.473 2.495Spain 2.447 2.473France 2.448 2.482

2.4 GHz

USUNII Low 5.15 – 5.25 (4) 50 mWUNII Middle 5.25 – 5.35 (4) 250 mWUNII Upper 5.725-5.825 (4) 1 W5.47 – 5.725 GHz released in Nov 2003

Europe5.15-5.35 200 mW5.47-5.725 1 W

Japan4.9-5.0915.15-5.25 (10 mW/MHz) unlicensed

5 GHz

802.11j – Policy Based Radio


• Enhances QoS for Voice over Wireless IP (aka Voice over WiFi ) and streaming multimedia

• Changes– Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF)

• Shorter random backoffs for higher priority traffic– Hybrid coordination function (orientation)

• Defines traffic classes• In contention free periods, access point controls

medium access (observation)• Stations report to access info on queue size.

(Distributed sensing)

802.11e – Almost Cognitive


• Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)– Avoid radars

• Listens and discontinues use of a channel if a radar is present

– Uniform channel utilization

• Transmit Power Control (TPC)– Interference reduction– Range control– Power consumption Savings– Bounded by local regulatory

conditions

802.11h – Unintentionally Cognitive


• Ports 802.11a to 3.65 GHz – 3.7 GHz (US Only) – FCC opened up band in July 2005– Ready 2008

• Intended to provide rural broadband access• Incumbents

– Band previously reserved for fixed satellite service (FSS) and radar installations – including offshore

– Must protect 3650 MHz (radar)– Not permitted within 80km of inband government radar– Specialized requirements near Mexico/Canada and other incumbent users

• Leverages other amendments– Adds 5,10 MHz channelization

(802.11j)– DFS for signaling for radar avoidance

(802.11h)• Working to improve channel

announcement signaling • Database of existing devices

– Access nodes register at http://wireless.fcc.gov/uls

– Must check for existing devices at same site

Source: IEEE 802.11-06/0YYYr0

802.11y


802.11s• Modify 802.11 MAC to create

dynamic self-configuring network of access points (AP) called and Extended Service Set (ESS) Mesh

• Status– Standard out in 2008– Numerous mesh products available

now– Involvement from Mitre, NRL

• Features– Automatic topology learning,

dynamic path selection– Single administrator for 802.11i

(authentication)– Support higher layer connections– Allow alternate path selection

metrics– Extend network merely by

introducing access point and configuring SSID

IP or Ethernet


802.16h• Draft to ballot Oct 06,

67% approve, resolving comments)

• Improved Coexistence Mechanisms for License-Exempt Operation

• Explicitly, a cognitive radio standard

• Incorporates many of the hot topics in cognitive radio

– Token based negotiation– Interference avoidance– Network collaboration– RRM databases

• Coexistence with non 802.16h systems

– Regular quiet times for other systems to transmit

From: M. Goldhamer, “Main concepts of IEEE P802.16h / D1,” Document Number: IEEE C802.16h-06/121r1, November 13-16, 2006.


802.22• Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN)

– First explicit cognitive radio standard– Aimed at bringing broadband access in rural and remote areas– Takes advantage of better propagation characteristics at VHF

and low-UHF– Takes advantage of unused TV channels that exist in these

sparsely populated areas• Status (IEEE 802.22-06/0251r0)

– First draft finishing– First vote in Mar– Published 2009?


• Bar-Ilang Univ.• Georgia Tech• Mich. State Univ.• Michigan Tech• MIT• Northwestern Univ.• Ohio Univ.• Rutgers Univ.• RWTH Aachen Univ.• Stanford Univ.

•Univ. of Calif. Berkeley•Univ. of Cambridge•Univ. of Col.•Univ. of MD•Univ. of Pittsburg•Univ. of Toronto•Univ. of Warwick•Universitaet Karlsruhe•University of Piraeus•Virginia Tech

Universities Participating at DySPAN 2005


Cognitive Radio and Military Networks

How is the military planning on using cognitive radio?


Drivers in Commercial and Military Networks

• Many of the same commercial applications also apply to military networks

– Opportunistic spectrum utilization– Improved link reliability– Automated interoperability– Cheaper radios– Collaborative networks

• Military has much greater need for advanced networking techniques

– MANETs and infrastructure-less networks

– Disruption tolerant– Dynamic distribution of services– Energy constrained devices

• Goal is to intelligently adapt device, link, and network parameters to help achieve mission objectives

From: P. Marshall, “WNaN Adaptive Network Development (WAND) BAA 07-07 Proposers’ Day”, Feb 27, 2007


Wireless Network after Next (WNaN)

Figures from: P. Marshall, “WNaN Adaptive Network Development (WAND) BAA 07-07 Proposers’ Day”, Feb 27, 2007

Program Organization

Reliability through frequency and path diversity Intelligent agent cross-layer optimization


DARPA’s WNAN Program• Objectives

– Reduced cost via intelligent adaptation

– Greater node density– Gains in throughput/scalability

• Leveraged programs– Control Based MANET – low

overhead protocols– Microsystems Technology Office

– RFMEMS, Hermit, ASP– xG – opportunistic use of

spectrum– Mobile Network MIMO - MIMO

Wideband Network Waveform– Connectionless Networks –

rapid link acquisition– Disruption Tolerant Networks

(DTN) – network layer protocols

CBMANET

WNaN Protocol Stack

CBMANET

CBMANET

xG

COTS

MEMS (MTO)

WNaN

WNaN

MIMO (MNM)

Physical

MAC

Network

Topology

Optimizing

Other programs

WNaN programLegend

Documents

Selected Current Efforts