SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Apple, Russell A. and William K. Kikuchi. Ancient Hawaiian Shore Zone Fishponds. Honolulu: U.S. National Park Service, 1975.

Bigelow, Keith A. Assessment of the Mangrove Ecosystem of West Moloka'i, Hawai'i, with Additional Site Surveys of Moanui Beach Park and 'Ualapu'e Fishpond. Honolulu: Marine Option Program, 1989.

Clark, Jeff. "Restoring 'Ualapu'e Fishpond." Historic Hawai'i 17 (March 1991): 5-8.

Cobb, John N. "Commercial Fisheries of the Hawaiian Islands." Repon of Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1902.

Estioko-Griffin, Agnes. "An Inventory of Fishponds, Island of Moloka'i." Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1987. Photocopy.

Fassler, Richard. "'Ualapu'e Fishpond: A Moloka'i Community Pitches In to Restore Part of Hawai'i's Past." Resource 1 (September 1990): 2-3.

Honolulu Star-Bulletin. October 23-26, 1989.

Malo, David. Hawaiian Antiquities. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1951.

Meyer, Charles S. Meyer and Moloka'i. Alden: Graphic-AgriBusiness, 1982.

Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Samuel H. Elbert. Hawaiian Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988.

Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Samuel H. Elbert, and Esther T. Mookini. Place Names of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.

Solatorio, Pilipo. "Archaeological and Historical Field Trip." Kaunakakai, 1976. Photocopy.

Summers, Catherine C. Hawaiian Fishponds. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1984.

Summers, Catherine C. Moloka'i: A Site Survey. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 1971.

Wyban, Carol Araki. The Fishpond News 1 (January, April 1989).

Wyban, Carol Araki. Master Plan For 'Ualapu'e Ahupua'a: Blending Tradition and Technology. Kaunakakai: Department of Business and Economic Development, 1990.

A-1

GWSSARY

The following words and phrases are non-English terms. Non-English is here defined as any lexical item not found in Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam Webster Inc., 1986).

The language family of each word or phrase is indicated by a letter or letters in parentheses:

(C) (F)

Chinese Filipino

(H) Hawaiian (HCE) Hawai'i Creole English (J) Japanese (S) Spanish (T) Tahitian

References for the definitions used in this glossary include: Isabella A. Abbott, Limu: An Ethnobotanical Study of Some Seaweeds, 3d ed. (Lawai: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1984); Edmund Andrews and Irene D. Andrews, Comparative Dictionary of the Tahitian Language (Chicago: Chicago Academy of Sciences, 1944); Parker Po-fei Huang, Cantonese Dictionary (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1970); Koh Masuda, ed., Kenkyasha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, 4th ed. (Tokyo: Kenkyiisha, Ltd., 1974); Mary Pukui and Samuel Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1971); Mary Pukui and Samuel Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary, rev. and exp. ed. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986); Teresita V. Ramos, Tagalog Dictionary (Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1971); Michael R. Sakamoto, Pacific Shore Fishing (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985); and Edwin B. Williams, The Williams Spanish and English Dictionary, exp. international ed. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978).

In some instances, the spellings and definitions were provided by Center for Oral History staff or the interviewee in whose transcript the word or phrase appears. Such items are asterisked.

The following definitions apply to the lexical items as they appear in the context of the transcripts.

B-1

'ae (H) yes 'ahi (H) Hawaiian tuna fishes, especially the

yellow-fin tuna abo (H) line, cord, lashing, fishing line aholehole (H) young stage of the Hawaiian

tlagtail ahupua'a (H) land division usually extending

from the uplands to the sea ai (H) interjection of surprise 'ai (H) to eat 'ai'e (H) debt; to owe; credit 'aila (H) any oil, grease, lard 'aka'akai (H) the great bulrush that grows on

the edge of fresh or brackish water marshes in Hawai'i

akamai (H) smart, clever, expert aku (H) bonito, skipjack akule (H) big-eyed or goggle-eyed scad fish 'ala'ala (H) ink sac in octopus or squid 'ala'eke (H) sand-colored edible crab, found

in shallow water 'alalauwa (H) young of the red 'aweoweo

fish; appearance of schools of this fish near shore was an omen that royalty would die

'alamihi (H) common black crab 'ale'ale (H) stirring, moving, undulating,

tossing, rippling ali'i (H) chief, chiefess, ruler, monarch,

royalty aloha (H) love, affection, compassion,

kindness 'ama (H) mullet (also: ama'ama) 'ama'ama (H) mullet (also: 'ama) 'anae (H) full-sized 'ama'ama (mullet) 'a'ole (H) no, not, never aru (J) exist; there is 'au'a (H) stingy, selfish 'auana (H) to wander, drift, go from place to

place 'au'au (H) to bathe 'aumakua (H) family or personal gods,

deified ancestors who might assume the shape of sharks, etc.

'auwai (H) ditch, canal auwe (H) oh! too bad! awa (H) milkfish awa 'aua (H) medium-sized awa (milkfish) awa kalamoho (H) large awa (milkfish) 'aweoweo (H) various Hawaiian species of

B-2

Priacanthus, red fishes, sometimes called bigeye

'aweu (H) a native variety of taro, often growing wild

bagoong (F) salty small fish or shrimp relish bolo head (HCE) bald headed* bumbai (HCE) by and by, later on*

cho~K~top limu (HCE) irregularly branching, dark-red seaweed with many narrow segments (also: huluhulu waena; pakeleawa 'a)

crack seed (HCE) Chinese preserved seeds*

da kine (HCE) an expression with an unspecified referent; "what you might call," "this stuff," "thingness"*

'ehu (H) reddish tinge in hair, of Polynesians and not of Caucasians

'eke huluhulu (H) gunny sack 'eku (H) to root, as a pig 'ele'ele (H) long, filamentous, green edible

seaweeds, eaten raw as condiments at feasts

enenue (H) chub fish, also known as rudder or pilot fish

furo (J) a bath; a public bath; a bathhouse

ha (H) to breathe, exhale hakahaka (H) vacant space, vacancy, room,

gap baku (H) to braid, as a lei, or plait, as

feathers hala (H) pandanus hale (H) house, building hali 'i (H) a covering, spread hanai (H) foster child, adopted child; to foster

or adopt hana 'ino (H) to mistreat, abuse Haole (H) Caucasian hapa Haole (H) part-White person hapai (H) to carry, lift; pregnant hapu'u (H) endemic tree fern common in

many forests of Hawai' i hau (H) a lowland tree, some spreading

horizontally over the ground forming impenetrable thickets

hauna (H) unpleasant odor, as of spoiling fish or meat

he'e (H) octopus, commonly known as squid heiau (H) pre-Christian place of worship,

shrine hemo (H) loose, separated, open hihiwai (H) endemic grainy snail in both

fresh and brackish water, eaten both cooked and raw

hilahila (H) bashful, shy, ashamed hinilea (H) small to moderate-sized, brightly

colored wrasses hoaka (H) brightness, shining, glittering hoehoe (H) paddle, oar; to paddle, row ho hana (H) field work with a hoe* ho'i'o (H) large native fern with subdivided

fronds holoholo (H) to go out for pleasure holokii (H) loose, seamed dress with a yoke

and usually with a train honohono (H) basket grass, a creeping grass

that originated in America ho'okano (H) to harden ho'okupu (H) ceremonial gift-giving to a chief

as a sign of honor and respect; to pay such tribute

ho'omaha (H) vacation; to retire, stop work, rest

ho'onanea (H) to pass the time in ease, peace, and pleasure; to relax, lounge

ho'oponopono (H) mental cleansing; family conferences in which relationships were set right through prayer, discussion, confession, repentance, and mutual restitution and forgiveness

hii (H) to ferment, leaven, overflow hua (H) to bear fruit, tuber, or seed; fruitful;

round object hui (H) club, association, society, corporation,

company, institution, organization huki (H) pull or tug, as on a rope huli (H) taro top, as used for planting; shoot hulihuli (H) to turn, reverse huluhulu waena (H) irregularly branching,

dark-red seaweed with many narrow segments (also: chop-chop /imu; pakeleawa'a)

hiina (H) to hide, conceal

ia (H) pronoun: he, she, it

B-3

'iao (H) silversides, a small fish used as bait for such fish as aku

'iii (H) leather 'ili'ili (H) pebble, small stone 'ilima (H) native shrubs bearing yellow,

orange, greenish or dull-red flowers; some kinds strung for leis; medicinal use

imu (H) underground oven 'inamona (H) relish made of the cooked

kernel of candlenut (kukui) mashed with salt

inoa (H) name, term, title 'i 'o (H) flesh, meat 'iole (H) Hawaiian rat; introduced rat, mouse;

rodent

ka'a (H) to roll, turn, twist, revolve; to scud or move along

ka 'au (H) numerical unit: forty kahu (H) pastor, minister, reverend, or

preacher of a church kahuna (H) priest, sorcerer, minister kai (H) sea, area near the sea ka 'iii (H) to cast for fish kaki'o (H) mange, impetigo, itch kakii (H) barracuda {also: kapala) kala (H) surgeonfish or unicornfish Kalawina (H) Calvinistic, Congregational kalewa (H) to peddle; to move from place to

place kaliko (H) wild, weedy euphorbia, or wild

spurge, a tropical American herb with green, oval leaves, used medicinally as a purgative

kalo (H) taro kalua (H) to bake in the ground oven; a

sinkhole kama 'a ina (H) native-born, one born in a

place kamaboko (J) boiled fish paste kamani (H) large tree with shiny, oblong

leaves, white flowers much like orange blossoms, and globose green fruits; the wood is hard and was formerly made into calabashes

kanake (H) candy kanawai (H) law, code, rule, statute,

ordinance kane (H) tinea, a fungus skin disease kapa (H) tapa, quilt

kapakahi (H) crooked, lopsided; askew kapu (H) prohibited; forbidden kipulu (H) careless, slovenly, unclean, untidy kauka (H) doctor, physician kaukau (H) reduplication of kau, to place,

put, hang, suspend, affix, gird on kaula (H) rope, cord, string, line kaula'i (H) to hang up, as to dry in the sun keiki (H) child keleminia (H) earthen crock as used for poi,

said to have been introduced from Germany

kepalo (H) devil ; devilish kepia (H) dandruff kia 'i (H) guard, watchman, caretaker; to

watch, guard kiawe (H) algaroba tree Kiha-wahine (H) supernatural lizard; reptile kilo (H) to watch closely, spy, examine, look

around, observe, forecast (kilo i'a: a man who observes fish movements from a high place and directs fishermen)

ko'a (H) shrine, often consisting of circular piles of coral or stone, used as to make fish multiply

koa haole (H) common roadside shrub or small tree from tropical America, with pinnate leaves, round white flower heads, and long, flat, brown pods

koali (H) some kinds of morning glory ko'e (H) worm koge (J) scorch, burn koi (J) carp koji (J) malted rice; malt koko (H) blood kokua (H) help, assistance, relief kolohe (H) mischievous, naughty Kona (H) a leeward wind konohiki (H) headman of an ahupua 'a land

division under the chief; land or fishing rights under control of the konohiki

ko'o (H) brace, support, prop kua (H) to carry on the back, as a child kuahiwi (H) mountain, high hill kuapi (H) wall of a fish pond kiihonu (H) edible spotted-back crab kukii (H) thorn, barb, spine kiikii (H) grandma, grandpa (also: tata) kukui (H) candlenut tree kula (H) plain, field , open country, pasture

B-4

kuleana (H) property, estate; responsibility, jurisdiction

kulikuU (H) noisy, inharmonious kiimii (H) goatfish kiipala (H) barracuda (also: kilka) kiipe'e (H) edible marine snail; the shells were

used for ornaments kupuna (H) grandparent, ancestor, relative or

close friend of the grandparent's generation, grandaunt, granduncle (plural: kapuna)

ku 'u (H) my, mine

laahp cheung (C) Chinese dried sausage li'au (H) wood, stick; medicine, medical Ia 'au kihea (H) a type of faith healing of

broken or crushed bones or sprains lamalama (H) torch fishing lapu (H) ghost, apparition lauhala (H) pandanus leaf, especi ally as used

in plaiting · laulau (H) packages of ti leaves or banana

leaves containing pork, beef, salted fish, or taro tops, baked in the ground oven, steamed or broiled

lawa (H) enough, sufficient, ample; to have enough, be satisfied

liwalu (H) fish or meat bound in ti leaves for cooking; to cook thus

lepo (H) dirt, earth, ground, filth , rubbish lewalewa (H) to float, dangle, ha1 tg lihilihi'ula (H) narrow band of red, as on a

skirt liliko'i (H) passion fruit, purple \l ·ater lemon,

or purple granadilla limu (H) general name for all kin Js of plants

living under water, both fresh and salt limu kohu (H) soft, succulent, sn 1all seaweed

with densely-branched furry t< •ps that are tan, pink or dark red, arising :rom a creeping stem-like portion; on~ of the best-liked edible seaweeds

lipoa (H) bladelike, branched, brown seaweeds with conspicuous midrib on blade, unique aroma and flavcr; highly prized on all islands

lo'i (H) irrigated terrace, especial y for taro lokelani (H) common small red n ·se loko kuapi (H) fish pond made b '{ building a

wall on a reef

loko 'ume iki (H) shore fish pond with lanes leading in and/or out of the pond, used for trapping fish and probably only on Moloka'i

lomi (H) fish, usually raw, worked with the fingers and mixed with onions and seasoned

lomilomi (H) to rub, press, massage, knead lua (H) toilet, outhouse, bathroom lii'au (H) Hawaiian feast, named for the taro

tops always served at one; young taro tops, especially as baked with coconut cream and chicken or octopus; greenish meat in a turtle, considered a delicacy, so named because the color of its meat suggested the color of taro tops

luna (H) foreman, overseer, supervisor

maha'oi (H) bold, impertinent, impudent, insolent, nervy, cheeky, rude

mahi'ai (H) to farm, cultivate maile (H) native twining shrub with shiny

fragrant leaves and used for decorations and leis, especially on important occasions

rna 'i wahine (H) female sexual part maka (H) eye makiihi (H) sluice gate, as of a fish pond makahiki (H) ancient festival beginning about

the middle of October and lasting about four months, with sports and religious festivities and taboo on war

makai (H) in the direction of the sea makaloa (H) perennial sedge found in or near

fresh or salt water in warm countries makani (H) wind, breeze makapa'a (H) blind in one eye make (H) to die makua kane (H) father, uncle, male cousin of

parents' generation malalo (H) west milama (H) to take care of, tend, preserve,

protect malie (H) calm, quiet, serene malihini (H) stranger, foreigner, newcomer mana (H) supernatural or divine power mana 'e (H) to the east manauea (H) small red seaweed with stiff,

cylindrical, succulent stem and branches, a good algae for making food gels (in Japanese: ogo)

B-5

mane'one'o (H) edible seaweed, Laurencia nidijica

manini (H) reef surgeonfish in the adult stage; stingy

mano (H) shark manuahi (H) gratis, free of charge mauka (H) toward the mountains mauna (H) mountain, mountainous maunaloa (H) a vine from Brazil growing

wild in Hawai'i, the blue or white flowers used for leis, the beans for medicine

melemele (H) yellow, blonde menehune (H) legendary race of small people

who worked at night, building fish ponds, roads, and temples

menpachi (J) squirrel fish having large eyes and reddish body

mochi (J) rice cake moi (H) threadfish moku (H) district, island, islet mo'o (H) lizard, reptile of any kind, dragon,

serpent; water spirit mo'opuna (H) grandchild musubi (J) a rice ball

na'au (H) intestines, bowels, guts; mind, heart, affections; mood, temper, feelings

namunamu (H) to grumble, complain nene (H) Hawaiian goose ni'au (H) midrib of coconut leaf or frond niu (H) coconut no (J) of; belonging to

'oama (H) young of weke, or goatfish ogo (J) small red seaweed with stiff, cylindri-

cal, succulent stem and branches, a good algae for making food gels (in Hawaiian: manauea)

'ohana (H) family, relative, kin group; related 'o'io (H) bonefish okara (J) bean curd refuse 'oki (H) to cut, separate, annul, cancel 'okole (H) anus, buttocks 'okolehao (H) liquor distilled from ti root in a

still of the same name; later, a gin made of rice or pineapple juice

olaria (HCE?) childhood game* olivia (HCE?) a childhood game utilizing

beans; term may have originated from the Spanish term for bean, alubia*

'ono (H) delicious, tasty 'o'opa (H) lame, crippled 'o'opu (H) general name for fishes included in

the families Eleotridae, Gobiidae, and Blennidae. Some are in salt water near the shore, others in fresh water, and some said to be in either fresh or salt water.

'o'opu hue (H) balloon fish 'opae (H) general name for shrimp 'opakapaka (H) blue snapper 'opelu (H) mackerel scad 'opihi (H) limpets 'opio (H) youth, juvenile, youngster 'opiimakani (H) bellows otoko-masaru (J) spirited, firm, manly

woman; tomboy

pa'a (H) firm, tight, closed pa'akai (H) salt pa'i'ai (H) hard, pounded but undiluted taro paka (H) sinker on a fish line pakai (H) several types of amaranth used for

greens pakalana (H) Chinese violet, which has

yellowish-green flowers pakalolo (H) marijuana Pike (H) Chinese pakeleawa'a (H) irregularly branching, dark-

red seaweed with many narrow segments (also: huluhulu waena; chop-chop limu)

paki (H) to smash, crush, pound pi kini (H) tin pan, pan, basin palaka (H) a checkered shirt, usually blue and

white, of block-print cloth palani (H) surgeonfish, famous for a strong

odor palapala (H) document of any kind; bill,

deed, certificate panunu (H) stareye parrot fish, said to be

second growth stage of uhu papio (H) the young stage of ulua pau (H) finished, ended pau hana (H) end of work* pi (H) stingy, miserly pia (H) Polynesian arrowroot, an herb known

in the eastern tropics, formerly cultivated in Hawai'i for the starchy tubers which were used for medicine and food; general name for starch

pikake (H) Arabian jasmine, introduced from

B.Q

India, a shrub or climber with rounded, dark-green leaves and small, white, very fragrant flowers used for leis

piko (H) navel, umbilical cord pilau (H) rot, stench, rottenness pilikia (H) trouble of any kind; problem,

nuisance, bother, distress, adversity pio (H) game of tag; to play tag pipi (H) beef, cattle, ox pipipi (H) general name for small mollusks p0 (H) night, darkness pohi (H) Cape gooseberry, a wild South

American perennial herb in the tomato family, they are edible raw and are also cooked for jam

poho (H) loss, damage, out of luck pohole (H) Maui name for M'i'o, a native

fern, but larger and coarser on Maui p()huehue (H) beach morning glory, a strong

vine found on sandy beaches poke (H) section, slice, piece; term also used

for sliced seasoned raw fish* p()polo (H) black nightshade, a weed valued

for medicine and used in ceremonies by Hawaiians

pua (H) young, spawn, fry of fish pu'e (H) hill, as of sweet potatoes puhi (H) eel puhi iihi (H) variety of eel (also alul) puka (H) hole pulapula (H) seedlings, sprouts, cuttings pule (H) prayer, magic spell, incantation,

blessing piilehu (H) broil on hot embers piilumi (H) broom; to sweep piiniwai (H) a spring with potable water piine'e (H) movable couch piinuku (H) muzzle, halter pii'olo (H) bundle, bag, container, parcel,

packet pupii (H) appetizer, hors d'oeuvre pu'u (H) any of various round parts or

protuberances of the body, as the stomach of the fish

pu'uone (H) pond near the shore, as connected to the sea by a stream or ditch

pu'upu'u (H) lumps, lumpy

sailor moku (HCE) bell-bottomed pants* sakana (J) fish

-san (J) suffix for Miss, Mr., Mrs., Ms. shoyu (J) soy sauce

ta'ape m blue-lined snapper, imported and transplanted to Hawai'i from the Marquesas

tako (J) octopus tiitii (H) grandma, grandpa (also: kiika) tiitii lady (HCE) grandma* tiitii man (HCE) grandpa*

'uala (H) sweet potato, a perennial, wide-spreading vine, with heart-shaped, angled, or lobed leaves and pinkish-lavender flowers

iiha (H) variety of eel (also: puhi ahll) 'uhaloa (H) small, downy, American weed

with ovate leaves and smal l, clustered yellow flowers; leaves and inner bark of root are very bitter and are used for tea or chewed to relieve sore throat

uhu (H) parrot fish 'ukulele (H) ukulele, an instrument brought to

Hawai'i by the Portuguese in 1879

B-7

'ulu (H) breadfruit ulua (H) certain species of crevalle, jack, or

pompano 'ulu poi (H) finely mashed breadfruit ume (J) pickled, salted plum 'u'u (H) to strip, as leaves or maile bark 'ii'ii (H) soldier fishes of the genus

Myripristis; some were considered 'aumakua

'u'umi (H) to strangle, repress, stifle

wai (H) water waiawi (H) yellow strawberry guava tree wala'au (H) to talk, speak, converse wali (H) smooth, thin, as poi weke (H) certain species of goatfish wen (HCE) precedes a verb and indicates past

tense* wi (H) famine; a smooth, gray-barked tree in

the mango family with round orange fruits; the tamarind

wi hihiwai (H) freshwater endemic grainy snail

Aha·ino (Mol Jka.i), 54 Aha•ino Fish) ond (Moloka•i, aka Kihaloko

Fishpom) crabs in, 3. o4 gill net use I in, 331 lease of, b: Henry K. Duvauchelle, 15 mangroves in, 19 mullet in, . 33 purchase o , 446

Ah Ping, Jos· ph Ah Hong (interview), 211-41; 340, 547-48. See also Ah Ping Store

childhood ; ctivities of, 214, 236 childhood 1 f, in Honolulu, 215 childhood 1 f, in Kipahulu (Maui), 213 education< f, 215, 216 family of, ' 13, 214, 234, 239 on rural vs urban life, 241

Ah Ping, Kat terine, 324 Ah Ping fami y, 21, 111, 547-48. See also Ah

Ping, Jo: eph Ah Hong Ah Ping Stor :, 156, 282, 363. See also Ah

Ping, Jo eph Ah Hong children w• •rking in, 224 and commt nity, 76, 232, 323, 547 and credit, 153, 219, 224, 264 and deliver y service, 223, 287 fish sold in , 529 gasoline pump at, 57, 188, 225, 227, 228,

265 goods carried by, 188, 219, 227, 228, 264,

463 lease of, 238 location of, 168, 172, 252 poi making in, 57, 188, 216, 341 stocking of, 224, 235, 236

Ah Pun Store, 45, 56, 265, 339-42, 427 Ah Sing Store, 45 Ah Soon (baker), 45, 407 Ah Tim Store, 252, 323 Ah Tung Store, 463 Ah Yat, Amoe, 408 Aipa

and poi factory, 340, 341, 467 Akutagawa, Katharine Hagemann (interview),

275-316; 181,253,436

INDEX

C-1

childhood activities of, 279, 281, 284, 285 childhood of, in Kaunakakai, 278 as clerk-typist, 309, 311 on comparison between Honolulu and

Moloka'i, 306, 310 on comparison between Kaunakakai and

'Ualapu'e, 281 education of, 282, 304 family of, 253, 284, 306 as nurse's aide, 305 as timekeeper, 307

Akutagawa, William, Jr. (interview), 73-94; 290, 316

childhood activities of, 74, 75 education of, 86, 87 and Hui o Kuapa, 83-86, 88, 179 Kamalo home of, 76

Ali'i Fishpond (Moloka'i), 78 American Factors, 224 Annie D (boat), 459, 467 Apo, Harry

and commercial use of 'Ualapu•e Fishpond, 294, 546

and fishing, 197 as lessee of 'Ualapu'e Fishpond, 75, 77,

111, 163-65, 193-94,197,222,288, 289, 335, 545, 563

and 'Ualapu'e community, 76, 110, 194, 338

Apple, Russell A., 514 Appliances, household

freezer, 30 iron, 281, 452 washing machine, 450, 451

Aquaculture, 386. See also Hui o Kuapa; 'Ualapu'e Fishpond

Automobiles. See Transportation

Bakeries, 45, 323, 407 Baldwin, Sam, 51 Bannister, Andrew, 29 Berlem, Eddie, 443 Bicoy family, 252 Bishop Estate, 176, 512, 513, 542 Black, Dr. Gardner, 50, 456 Blissard, Louis, 295

Boats building of, 3 canoe, 156, 160 rowboat, 228 sampan, 7, 10, 229, 344, 443, 444, 485 skiff, 10, 36, 81, 191 steamship, 228, 443, 444 whaleboat, 3

Briones, Marion Kalima, 291-92 Brown, George li, 503 Brown Ranch. See Pu'awHoku Ranch Buchanan family, 14, 45, 331 Buchanan Fishpond. See Kupeke Fishpond Bulrushes, 18, 172, 191, 198, 200, 291, 380,

441, 505, 506 Burns, Governor John A., 34 Burrows, Sam, 59, 60, 100, 101 Business, Economic Development, and

Tourism, Department of (DBED), 83, 566

California Packing Corporation (CPC), 100, 102, 108-9, 113, 228, 266

Carter, Governor George, 403 Cathcart, Abel K., 408 Cattle, 102, 187, 204, 413

branding, 33, 54 fencing, 482, 483 milking, 33, 49, 203, 327, 405, 406, 415,

482 ranching, 28, 29, 38, 134, 144, 175, 176 selling, 419 shipping, 417, 484, 485 slaughtering, 44, 414, 426, 472

Celebrations and holidays. See also Community activities; Recreation

birthdays, 38, 204-5, 480 Christmas and New Year's Day, 37, 38, 50,

118-19, 204, 205, 351, 376 housewarming, 480 Kamehameha Day, 286 World War I, end of, 435

Charcoal, 501 Chase, Bob, 48, 55, 61, 64 Chkkens. See Livestock and poultry Child rearing, 141, 143, 322, 326, 363, 364 Childbirth, 113, 114 Children

chores of, 35, 38, 41, 44, 101, 140, 142, 203, 204, 234, 248, 256, 259, 266, 281, 284, 327, 330, 411-13, 434, 452, 453,

C-2

459,460,468,500,556 as contributors to family income, 41, 43,

44, 104, 106, 149, 215, 216 and fishing, 35, 442, 529 food for, 36, 448, 449 and hiking, 39 and horseback riding, 434, 506 play of, 39, 40, 41, 142, 206, 207, 214,

261, 285, 334, 344, 442, 472, 529 and swimming, 142, 434, 459

Chinese community in Kipahulu (Maui), 134 community in PUko'o, 45, 46 community in 'Ualapu' e, 189 food, 189 immigration, 128 and opium, 494 and salt beds, 501 stores, 56-58

Chow Kwan Store, 220, 265 Christianity, 520

and conflict with Hawaiian belief system, 325

Chu, Dr. Arthur, 250, 264, 312 Chu, Dr. Francis K., 312, 357 Church. See also individual church names

attendance, 104, 115, 141 Catholic, 115, 140-42, 283 Congregational, 187 on East End, Moloka'i, 115, 119 Hawaiian, 283, 284 Protestant, 115, 141

Civilian Conservation Corps, 470 Clams. See Shellfish Clothing

denim, 449 hololal, 286 kimono, 376 mail-order, 450 palaka, 463 rice bags used for, 259 shoes, 327

Cockett, John Kawai, 226, 468, 512 Coconut

broom, 148 brushes, 500 shell, uses of, 466 and squidding, 489-90

Community act ivities. See also Celebrations and holidays; Recreation

birthdays, 38, 204-5, 480 caroling, 118-19 church-related, 104, 115-16, 205, 283, 476,

480 dancing, 104 fishing, 331, 332 housewarming, 480 Kamehameha Day, 286 laundry, 287 motion pictures, 104 New Year's Day, 376 political gatherings, 229 at school, 87 sports, 207-8

Conrad, Chris, 7, 422, 423, 478-79 Cooke, George, 30, 64, 331, 456

and Hawaiian Homes Commission, 46 and Mapulehu Dairy, 476

Cooke family, 29-30, 330 Cooking

with kerosene stove, 455 responsibility for, 33, 285, 327 techniques, 192 with wood stove, 100, 138, 257, 281, 453,

471, 475, 500 Cooper, Alika, 92 Cowboys, 45, 100, 417, 418 Crabs. See Shellfish Crane, Jimmy, 407, 450, 501 Crane family, 251, 252 Cravalho, Elmer, 370 Crouch, John

as manager of Ali'i Fishpond, 78 Crozier, Mary, 65 Crozier, Mike, 370 Crozier, Willie, 25, 58, 65

Dairy, 30. See also Cattle; Mapulehu Dairy Dairy Queen (Moloka'i), 216, 240 Del Monte. See California Packing

Corporation Dudoit, Jessie, 529 Dunbar, Kip, 324, 446 Duvauchelle, Anna. See Goodhue, Anna

Duvauchelle Duvauchelle, Annie K. Wood, 3, 402, 431

family of, 6 land acquisition by, 447-48

Duvauchelle, Eddie, 32, 468 Duvauchelle, Edouard Henri, 472

C-3

as cook, 4 family of, 5 and French language, 2, 3 in Lahaina, 4 marriage of, 3, 4 in Moloka'i, 4 in New Zealand, 3, 4

Duvauchelle, Edward Kekuhi, 156 as attorney,6, 7, 472-73 childhood of, 3, 5 education of, 6, 7 family of, 3, 5, 406 as farmer, 28 as fisherman, 7, 472 home of, in Honolulu, 6 as hotelier, 17, 43, 44, 425 land acquisition by, 29, 30, 54, 447 as lessee of 'Ualapu'e Fishpond, 162, 163,

165, 171 as postmaster, 43, 437, 463, 472 as road overseer, 43, 463, 472 as saloon keeper, 402, 421 as sheriff, 64, 472 as stable hand, 2, 402

Duvauchelle, Eugene, 540 as caretaker of Piiko'o Fishpond, 339 as fisherman, 5

Duvauchelle, Henry K. (interview), 1-70 as Board of Water Supply employee, 55, 62 childhood activities of, 6, 9, 14, 15, 31-41 as City and County of Honolulu employee,

47, 55, 58, 61 education of, 9, 25, 47-53, 58 family of, 6, 31, 32, 457, 458 and fishing, 5, 9, 36, 37 and Hawaiian language, 6, 31, 32 marriage of, 48, 65 and trucking business, 55-57

Duvauchelle, Johnny, 32, 59, 468 Duvauchelle, Laura. See Smith, Laura

Duvauchelle Duvauchelle, Louise, 49 Duvauchelle, Margaret Wong-Leong, 326 Duvauchelle, Mary Lynch, 321

family of, 3-5 home of, in Piiko'o, 28

Duvauchelle, Raymond, 5, 41, 54, 58 Duvauchelle, Waldemar, 32, 59, 64, 408 Duvauchelle, Zelie. See Sherwood, Zelie

Duvauchelle

Education, 53, 129, 130, 324. See also Schools

importance of, 144, 145, 177, 178 by missionaries, 433 tutoring, 25, 409

Electricity, 42, 43, 278-79, 301, 312, 323, 450, 481, 500

Ethnic relations, 48, 49, 180 between Haole and Hawaiians, 279, 476,

477,480 between Hawaiians and Filipinos, 151 between Hawaiians and Japanese, 180, 310 with Mexicans, 122

Fagan, Paul as owner of PUko'o Fishpond, 331, 442 as rancher, 247, 418

Fairbanks, Keoni, 388 Family and home life, 30-33

grandparents and children, 144, 145 meals, 139, 140 parents and children, 414, 449 vacations, 37, 38

Farmers in PUko'o, 343

Farming, 49. See also Gardens; Taro alfalfa, 246, 247 corn, 45, 464 cotton, 323, 464 cucumber, 248 in Japan, 266 and leased land, 249 lima bean, 248 peanut, 464 program at Kilohana School, 87 rice, 22 and shipping of produce, 248, 263 sweet potato, 248, 464 tomato, 248, 263 watermelon, 37, 45, 263, 464

Farrington High School (O'ahu), 304, 305, 561

Federal Bureau of Investigation, 268 Fernandez family, 261 Filipino Federation of America, 232, 530 Filipinos

and Catholicism, 141, 142 and child rearing, 143 and cockfighting, 559 and community in Ho'olehua, 155

C-4

and immigration, 128 at Kipahulu School, 131 as pineapple workers, 106

Fish aholehole, 26, 157, 159, 160, 163, 384, 446 aku, 7, 89 akule, 1, 10, 26, 148, 149, 168, 490, 492 awa, 16, 23, 35, 161, 170, 192 'aweoweo, 491, 492 balloon fish, 165 barracuda (kilka; kapala), 16, 17, 23, 68,

74, 191, 192, 222, 439, 440 goldfish, 133 'iao, 37 kala, 74, 116, 522, 559, 560 kama, 36, 74, 81 manini, 116, 298, 488 moi, 161 mullet ('ama'ama), 7, 9, 10, 16, 18, 23,

26, 37, 68, 69, 74, 79-81, 89, 116, 157, 160, 163, 170, 191, 222, 230, 298, 333, 383,440,446,490,522

mullet, pond preferred to ocean, 299, 490 'oama, 161 'O'io, 1, 36, 81, 89, 148, 149, 161, 193,

200, 299 'o'opu, 133, 165, 486, 566 'Opakapaka, 528 'opelu, 89 panana, 523 papio, 36, 37, 74, 78, 79, 81 ta'ape, 528 tilapia, 383, 384 trout, 384 uhu, 116, 523 ulua, 17, 36, 37 weke, 37, 81, 161, 192, 193, 522, 525

Fish, marketing of, 7, 8, 9, 26, 382, 395, 529-34,536,537,558,559

Fish, methods of preparation boiled, 161, 196 dried, 8, 9, 137, 142, 192, 196, 468 fishcake, 93, 299, 575 fried, 161, 196, 230 lomi, 93, 200 poke, 161 palehu, 139, 192, 196, 298 raw, 160, 298, 299 salted, 196, 468, 545 steamed (lawalu), 192, 230, 298, 516, 517

Fish, shipping of, 556, 557 Fish, trading of, 262 Fish ponds. See also individual fish ponds,

e.g., 'Ualapu'e Fishpond, etc. algae in, 23, 24 ancient vs. modern technology of, 515, 516,

539, 540, 566, 570, 572 as commercial ventures, 94, 380, 382, 394 design and construction of, 91 development plans for, 539, 541, 576 as educational resources, 396 freshwater sources of, 20, 69, 93, 335 harvesting in, 78 and hatcheries, 393, 395 as historic monuments, 94 maintenance of, 24, 544 mahllul in, 383-84 ownership of, 448 predators in, 237 restoration of, 12, 13, 68, 94, 515 salinity of, 390 stocking of, 78, 440, 540, 541

Fish ponds, types of loko kuapa, 384, 390, 513 loko 'ume iki, 514 pu'uone, 384, 390

Fishermen, 192, 193, 343 Fishing, 49, 54, 74, 132, 229, 485

areas, 10, 36, 37, 74, 81, 289, 468, 488-90,522

associations. See Moloka'i Fishermen's Association

bait, 17, 487 commercial, 7-10, 26, 43, 45-4 7, 344 as community activity, 331 and conservation, 538, 539 deep sea, 528 diving, 74 folklore associated with, 487, 488, 518,

522, 524, 526 and refrigeration, 156, 395, 396, 518, 545 regulation of, 528 religious aspects of, 527

Fishing nets construction of, 74 mending of, 468

Fishing techniques bow and arrow, 191 bull pen net, 74, 526, 527, 557, 558 drag net, 22, 195, 199,200,331,332

C-5

gill net, 75, 81, 191, 230, 490 pole, 36, 37, 161 scoop net, 160, 193 spear, 36, 522 throw net, 37, 80, 161, 522 torching, 487 trap, 230

Food. See also Fish; Fruit; Limu; Shellfish; Taro

bagoong, 150 beans, 132, 138 beef, 44 biscuit, 283 bread, 28, 45, 407, 485 butter, 344, 411, 485 buttermilk, 411 cabbage, 38, 132 cake, 414 chicken, 38, 134 chili pepper, 200 coffee, 138, 140 corn, 38, 101, 262 corned beef, 57 cornmeal bread, 414 cottage cheese, 344, 485 crackers, 45, 57 cream, 57 doughnut, 449 egg, 190, 282, 414 eggplant, 262 frog, 189, 190, 548 lulpu 'u, 150 kiilua pig, 38, 167, 168, 204, 205 kamani, 449 kukui 'inamona, 200 lettuce, 38 milk (cow), 407 milk (goat), 138, 139 milkweed, 134 molasses, 132 muffin, 414 musubi, 264, 265 onion, 132 pancake, 139,258,344 peanut, 248 pigeon peas, 100 pohole, 150, 151 poi, 57, 100, 101, 116, 135, 138, 140, 167,

469, 470, 475, 530 pomegranate, 448

Food (Continued) ptJpolo, 134 pork, 44, 119, 462, 475 pumpkin, 134 rice, 45, 101, 135, 407 salmon, 57, 138, 283 snail, 420 sugar, 45, 132 sweet potato, 133, 134, 140, 148, 262, 283,

321, 448, 449 tamarind, 449 tea, 139, 140 ume, 407 vegetables, 33, 37, 38, 281, 328 venison, 44, 262, 282, 475 watercress, 37, 132, 169

Food, gathering of, 101, 115, 133, 134, 142, 143

Food, preparation of, 134, 142, 143, 190, 205 Food, preservation of

drying, 9, 18, 262, 427, 462, 475 salting, 281, 416, 462

Foster, Frank, 236 Friel, Pearl. See Petro, Pearl Meyer Friel Fruit

avocado, 134, 301 banana, 38, 44, 148, 261, 301 breadfruit, 39, 133, 140, 218, 302 coconut, 330 grapes, 261 guava, 33, 37-39, 101, 133, 137 lemon, 137 mango, 37-39, 44, 134, 137, 261, 301 mountain apple, 39, 261, 330 orange, 137, 261, 330, 472 papaya, 44, 134, 261 passion fruit, 133, 261 pear, 101 polul, 134 pomelo, 39 rose apple, 261 strawberry, 38 waiawf, 133

Gardens and gardening, 33, 38, 41, 81-82, 116, 132-33, 154, 169, 187, 233, 282, 328, 463, 484

Gasoline, 225, 478 Gasoline station, 57 Germans, 279, 280

C-6

Gillman, Brownie, 366 Goodhue, Anna Duvauchelle (interview),

319-70; 54, 66, 278, 315, 405, 457 childhood activities of, 330, 334, 339, 340,

342 on comparing Honolulu and Moloka'i,

352 as crossing guard, 362 as dispensary clerk, 356-60 education of, 324-50 family of, 320, 321, 326, 328, 351 home of, in Honolulu, 352 as payroll clerk, 353, 356 and politics, 370 as teacher, 356

Goodhue, Dr. Edward S., 344, 425, 439, 456, 474

Goodhue, Dr. William J., 344 Goodness, Peruvia, 422

Hagemann, Grace Kaawakauo, 277, 436 Hagemann, Richard Ernest

as Kaunakakai Wharf manager, 277 land acquisition by, 280 as wireless operator, 277, 435-36

Halawa (Moloka'i), 35, 39, 40, 43, 170, 468, 487

camping at, 119 horseback riding to, 506

Halawa School (Moloka'i) teachers, 112 walking to, 247

Haleakaltl (ship), 444 Halemahana Fishpond (Moloka'i), 81, 514

mullet in, 80 restoration plans for, 543, 576

Hana (Maui), 128, 132 Haole, 25, 64, 130, 175, 279, 371 Hau, 191 Hawai'i Meat Company (O'ahu), 485 Hawai'i Territorial Guard, 2, 403 Hawai'i Visitors Bureau, 20, 44, 83 Hawaiian Academy of Knowledge, 388, 513 Hawaiian Affairs, Office of, 371 Hawaiian Home Lands, Department of, 46, 78 Hawaiian Homes Commission. See Hawaiian

Home Lands, Department of Hawaiian language. See Language, Hawaiian Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association (HSPA),

247, 249, 252

Hawaiians. See also Hawaiians, beliefs and customs of; Language, Hawaiian; Legends and superstitions

ancient technology of, 550 and change, 154, 177, 179 and Christianity, 119, 167 conservation practices of, 391 , 392 as county workers, 230 discrimination against, by Haole, 219 in East End, Moloka'i, 115, 119 as fishermen, 196 and genealogy, 178, 179 in Ho'olehua, 155 and housing, 421 and land, 176, 391 legal system of, 392 and politics, 64 in PUko'o, 45, 46 as taro farmers, 218 in Wailau, 470, 486

Hawaiians, beliefs and customs of, 137, 145, 174, 547. See also Legends and superstitions

burials, 205 hllnai, 114 ho'oponopono, 325, 344 kahuna, 167, 168, 406 kapu system, 85, 89, 130, 165, 515, 519 la'au kilhea, 502-3 lomilomi, 551 menehune, 231 nature, 390, 391 religion, 168, 173, 180, 181, 517, 519, 520

Hayes, Dr. Homer H., Sr., 33, 35, 50, 460 Health, Board of, 469 Healy, Johnny, 468 Heiau

Hualele, 514 'Ili'ili 'opae, 180-81, 260 repair of, 512

Helm, Adolph, 388 Helm, Coreen, 388 Hitchcock, Rexford, 7, 45, 47, 50, 476, 479 Hitchcock family, 248 Hitchcock Fishpond. See Ka'opeaHina

Fishpond Honolulu Fruit Company, 228 Honolulu Military Academy (O'ahu), 25, 40,

47, 51-53, 61, 410, 415, 457 Honouli Wai (Moloka'i), 490

C-7

Ho'olehua (Moloka'i), 66, 101, 103, 104, 146, 147, 155-56

Ho'olehua Hospital. See Shingle Memorial Hospital

Horseback riding. See Transportation Horses, 2, 187, 204, 419 Hospitals. See Moloka'i General Hospital;

Shingle Memorial Hospital; 'Ualapu'e County Hospital; 'Ualapu'e Dispensary

Hotels, 43-45 Housing, 100, 128, 139, 148, 204, 213, 281,

424, 425, 450, 481, 486 Hualalai (ship), 329, 444 Hui o Kuapa, 179, 368, 441, 505, 515, 516.

See also 'Ualapu'e Fishpond community reaction to, 86 funding for, 88 future plans of, 542, 575, 576 goals of, 84-85, 88-90 inception, 83, 389 and limu project, 565 non-profit status of, 84, 88, 389, 566 and o'opu project, 566

Huilua Fishpond (O'ahu), 396 Hunting, 17, 49, 52, 344

birds, 101, 485 deer, 2, 44, 101, 262, 282, 485, 499,

530 Hurricane 'Iwa, 379, 380 Hustace, Harold, 174 Hustace, Maria, 231 Hustace family, 231, 247, 248 Hustace Fishpond. See Ka'opeaHina Fishpond

Iaea, John K., Sr. (interview), 185-208 childhood activities of, 188, 189, 199, 203,

204, 205, 206 education of, 188 family of, 186-87, 204 and fishing, 199 home of, in Kalua'aha, 187 home of, in 'Ualapu'e, 188, 204

Iaea, Rev. Isaac Daniel, 186, 187, 284, 325 laea family, 111 , 225, 252 Ida May (boat), 475 Ilae family, 251-52, 442, 479 Inaba, Albert, 250

Japanese in East End, Moloka'i, 119

Japanese (Continued) farmers, 45, 87, 230, 255, 351, 360, 376 fishermen, 92 in Ho'olehua, 155 immigration, 128 in Kaunakakai, 60 in Manoa Valley (O'ahu), 376 in Mapulehu, 87 pineapple workers, 106, 230 in PUko'o, 45, 46 stonecutters, 550

Japanese-language schools, 253-55, 343 Johnson, Shizue Murakami (interview),

245-72 childhood activities of, 248, 256, 261 education of, 249, 250, 270 family of, 256, 268 move of, to Honolulu, 267

Jones Fishpond. See NI'aupala Fishpond

Ka'ahumanu Society, 286 Kaaikiola, William, 408 Ka'amola (Moloka'i), 21, 93 Ka'anapali (Maui), 212, 496 Kaauwai family, 77, 166, 225, 296, 546

as lessees of 'Ualapu'e Fishpond, 563 Kahananui Stream (Moloka'i), 82 Kaho'olawe, 506 Kahuna. See Hawaiians, beliefs and customs

of Kaimukl (O'ahu), 62 Kaina'ohe Fishpond (Moloka'i), 93 Kalakaua, King David, 4, 431 Kalama, Sam, 51, 415 Kalama'ula (Moloka'i), 46, 75 Kalaniana'ole Highway (O'ahu), 65 Kalihi (O'ahu), 6, 24, 49, 55, 58, 59, 66,

350, 352, 496 Kalihi Waena School (O'ahu), 25, 47-49, 409 Kalilikane, Clarence, 565 Kalilikane, Jack, 80, 112, 360, 362, 525, 526,

538 Kalilikane, Moses, 538 Kalipi, Barbara Hanchett, 84 Kalipi, William "Billy," Sr. (interview),

511-51 childhood activities of, 522, 529 education of, 529 family of, 512 as fisherman, 557

C-8

and fishing, 530, 538 as mason, 550, 556 as Moloka'i Fishermen's Association

manager, 532-36 as statistician, 538

Kalipi, William "Tubz," Jr. (interview), 555-76; 316, 396, 535

childhood activities of, 556, 559, 560 education of, 560, 561 family of, 560 as fisherman, 562 and shrimp farm, 562 as 'Ualapu'e Fishpond manager, 563

Kaloi family, 252 Kalua'aha (Moloka'i), 109, 152, 174, 175,

186, 206, 248, 252 Kalua'aha Church (Moloka'i), 186, 188, 252,

284 Kalua'aha School (Moloka'i), 25, 33, 49, 188,

249, 406, 475 description of, 324 and moving and becoming Kilohana School,

50 teachers, 25, 47, 48, 250, 251, 282, 283,

324, 408 Kam Chee Store and Bakery, 323, 495 Kamakahi, Dennis, 226 Kamalo (Moloka'i), 43, 55, 56, 88 Kamalo School (Moloka'i), 33, 410 Kamalo Wharf (Moloka'i), 228, 248, 263,

418, 475 Kamehameha I, 428, 429 Kamehameha V, 4 Kamehameha Schools (O'ahu), 108, 113, 409,

433, 457 Kanaio (Maui), 144 Kaneakua, Kil iona, 59 Kanemitsu Store, 264 Ka'opeaHina Fishpond (Moloka'i), 232, 335

clams in, 314 aka Hitchcock Pond, 199, 292 aka Hustace Pond, 292 ownership of, by Hustace family, 231

Kapa'akea (Moloka'i), 46, 111 Kapuni, Julia, 291 Kapuni, Lani Lopez (interview), 127-81; 76,

363, 560 childhood activities of, 140-42 education of, 129-31, 144, 146 family of, 131, 132, 137, 143-45, 156, 174

marriage of, to Panila Kapuni , 151 move of, to Moloka'i, 146

Kapuni, Panila, 82, 148 as Maui County employee, 149 as policeman, 151, 362

Kaulu'ulu (Moloka'i), 29, 38 Kaunakakai (Moloka'i), 276

baseball team from, 59, 60 compared with 'Ualapu'e, 281 county seat moved to, 152 as dividing east and west Moloka'i, 30 Haole community in, 279 Hawaiian homestead land in, 46 hospital moved to, 50 medical care at, 17 stores in, 66

Kaunakakai Wharf, 60, 228, 234, 235, 277, 329, 444

Kaup() (Maui}, 128, 141, 321 Kaupu, Cecilia Makaena (interview}, 97-123

as cafeteria worker, 120 childhood activities of, 99, 100, 101, 115 education of, 101, 103 family of, 98-100, 114 marriage of, 108, 109 as pineapple worker, 103, 105-8 as waitress, 108

Kaupu, Edward, 82, 226 as minister, 112, 325 as principal at Halawa School, 325 as teacher at Halawa School, 112 as teacher at Kalua' aha School, 250, 324

Kaupu, Edwin, 226 Kawela (Moloka'i), 22, 186 Kealaiki family, 252 Keawa Nui (Moloka'i), 33, 168, 388 Keawa Nui Fishpond (Moloka'i), 21, 542, 563

crabs in, 513 fish in, 513

· lessee of, 512-13 mlJkaJul, 513 aka Mikimiki Fishpond, 513 ownership of, by Bishop Estate, 221 predators in, 513 stocking of, 490 walls, repair of, 513 yield, 513

Kekahuna family, 155 Kelly, Marion, 79 Kerosene, 138, 228, 340

C-9

lamps, 25, 138, 279, 312, 327, 500 Kihaloko Fishpond. See Aha'ino Fishpond Kikuchi, William K., 514 Kilby, Curly, 478 Kilohana School (Moloka'i), 50, 61, 86, 152,

249 and community, 87 as evacuation area, 76 and farming program, 87 and legends, 75 teachers, 250

Kipahulu (Maui), 128-29, 132, 142, 214 Kipahulu School (Maui}, 129-31 Kipahulu Sugar Plantation (Maui), 132, 144,

213 Kipii (Moloka'i), 102-3 Koreans, 155 Kualapu'u (Moloka'i), 99-101 Kualapu'u School (Moloka'i), 101 Kiihio Beach (O'ahu), 298 Kuli'ou'ou (O'ahu), 62, 65 Kiipeke Fishpond (Moloka'i)

aka Buchanan Fishpond, 198 caretakers, 45, 92, 221, 300, 544 clams in, 314, 333 development near, 364-65 fish in, 15, 23,69-70,110, 161,199,221 harvesting of, 14, 92

Lahaina (Maui), 7-9, 25, 98-100, 156, 159, 246, 266

Lahainaluna School (Maui}, 6, 7, 188, 561 Land

ownership, 54, 152, 176, 188, 215, 365, 366

taxes, 174-75 Land and Natural Resources, Department of,

390 Language, English, 129-31, 163, 423, 433 Language, French, 2, 3 Language, Hawaiian, 6, 31, 32, 128-31, 141,

150, 196, 208, 548 forbidden at home, 320 forbidden at school, 433 spoken at home, 433, 434

Language, Japanese, 131 Lau hala, 448

preparation of, 204 weaving, 115

Laundry, 147, 170, 259, 260, 287, 323

Laundry (Continued) by hand, 412, 451, 452 soap for, 462 washing machines for, 450-51

Law enforcement police, 347-48

Leed, Melveen, 226 Legends and superstitions. See also Hawaiians,

beliefs and customs of and agriculture, 518, 519 and death of ali 'i, 491-92 and fishing, 487, 488, 518, 522 kepalo (ghost), 75 and Lo'ipunawai, 83 manO, 117-18, 517 menehune, 231 and menstruation, 21, 24, 75, 118, 291 ,

336, 337, 517 mermaid, 166, 167 mo'o, 21, 69, 75, 291, 335, 336, 517

Leis, 102, 172, 286, 351, 465 Leleiona (ship), 478 Libby, McNeill and Libby, 103, 106, 155 Like/ike (ship), 329, 444, 485 Lili'uokalani, Queen Lydia, 422, 430, 491 Lilys, Bob, 17, 439 Lima family, 111, 252 Limu

chop-chop (aka hu/uhu/u waena or pakeleawa'a), 111, 115, 202, 289, 297

commercial raising of, 566, 571 'ele'ele, 111, 115, 172,202,237 gathering of, 233 kohu, 297 lrpoa, 297 manauea (aka ogo), 297, 516

Lin Kee family and store, 112, 220, 343 Lindsay, Lokelani, 370 Lindsey, Bob, 55, 56 Liquor, 348, 351 Livestock and poultry. See also Cattle; Horses

chickens, 38, 134, 176, 187, 203, 256, 412, 413

donkeys, 483, 484 ducks, 282 goats, 138, 427 pigs, 38, 44, 134, 144, 176, 187, 203, 204,

233,256-58,282,427,428 sheep, 144 turkeys, 144, 187

C-10

Lo'ipunawai, 20, 69, 83, 166, 168, 201 Lokahi Pacific, 531, 534, 535, 537, 557, 558 Lokoea Fishpond (O'ahu), 377-87

Machado, Colette, 388 Maeda Fish Market (O'ahu), 531 Manawai (Moloka'i), 547, 556 Mangrove, 223

eradication of, 85, 515 flower, 172 introduction of, 19, 338 as refuge for fish, 78 as threat to fish ponds, 68, 79, 171, 172,

198, 334 uses of, 338

Manoa Valley (O'ahu), 376 Mapulehu (Moloka'i), 29, 30, 40, 87, 405,

470 community, 251, 478 farming in, 87, 246, 249 land, owned by Hawaiian Sugar Planters'

Association, 246, 249, 252 Mapulehu Dairy, 261, 455, 478 Marijuana, 67, 177 Marine Options Program, University of

Hawai'i, 390 Matayoshi, 166 Mauna Kea (ship), 329 Maunaloa School (Moloka'i), 120 McCorriston, Judge Edward, 239, 285, 435,

454, 476, 477' 479 McCorriston family, 454, 463 McVeigh, John, 490 Medical care

dentistry, 135, 250, 264 folk medicine and remedies, 136-37, 298,

345-46,460,466,502-3,521 hospitals, 116 physicians, 137, 138, 344

Mendoza, Mary Tollefson, 325 Meyer family, 60, 476-80 Meyer, Otto Store, 454, 463, 477 Midnite Inn, 108, 574 Mikahala (ship), 417, 418, 444, 485 Mikiawa Fishpond (Moloka'i), 514 Mikimiki Fishpond (Moloka'i). See Keawa Nui

Fishpond Mink, Patsy T., 370 Moanui (Moloka'i), 246, 247, 476 Moi (ship), 248, 263

Mokuho'oniki Island (Moloka'i), 493 Moli'i Fishpond (Hawai'i), 382-83 Moloka'i

agriculture on, 367 changes on, 123, 218, 239, 271, 313, 365 comparisons of, with other islands, 149-50,

543 employment on, 241, 366, 367, 504 future of, 67, 68, 94, 121-22, 239, 364,

504 tourism on, 366

Moloka'i Fishermen's Association 518, 531, 532, 535, 536

Moloka'i General Hospital, 312 Moloka'i High School, 87, 120, 270, 561 Moloka'i Intermediate School, 103 Moloka'i Ranch, 19, 46, 99, 101, 418 Mullet. See Fish Munro, James, 19, 338, 456 Murakami, Kiju, 247, 256-59, 266-67 Music, 473, 547

Nakagawa, Sus, 382-83 Nakuina, Emma, 331, 442 Napili (Maui), 3, 5, 496 Ne, Jacob, 530

. Neighborhood Store, 530 Nishihara, 258 Ni'aupala Fishpond (Moloka'i),

clams in, 314 fishing with drag net in, 331 aka Jones Fishpond, 198 location of, 221, 231

Oceanic Institute (O'ahu), 77, 78, 386, 393, 562, 571

'Ohi'a (Moloka'i), 87, 547, 556 Okazaki, 341-42, 464, 495 Opium, 494 Opu, Jim, 15, 468 Otsuka, George, 251, 252 Otsuka, Masashi "Cowboy," 82 Our Lady of Sorrows Church (Moloka'i), 252

Paialoa Fishpond (Moloka'i), 514 Panahiiha Fishpond (Moloka'i), 540 Peabody, George, 121, 288, 315, 331,

368-69,388,389,441,505,549 Pelekunu (Moloka'i), 475, 487 Petro, Pearl Meyer Friel, 29, 54, 405,

C-11

477 Pigs. See Livestock and poultry Pineapple, 105-8, 228-29, 246 Pioneer Mill Company (Maui), 99, 212,

260 Plumbing, 41-42 Poaha, James, 45 Poaha, Leo, 468 Poi. See also Taro

factories, 45, 57, 469, 496 price of, 217-18

Politics, 46, 63-64, 370 Portuguese, 134, 142 Post offices. See Pfiko'o, post office in;

Wailau, post office in Postal service, 43, 347 Puailihau, Rachel, 226, 238 Puailihau family, 225, 252 PUko'o (Moloka'i), 28, 55, 59, 246, 320

bakery in, 323 community, 45, 323 Japanese community, 323 poi shop in, 45, 323 post office in, 43, 474 saloon in, 421 soda works in, 341-42, 464, 495 stores in, 45, 421 water source for, 21

PUko'o Fishpond (Moloka'i, later, PUko'o Lagoon), 13, 14

crabs in, 442 depth of, 445 drag nets used in, 331, 332 dredging and development of, 232,

334 fish in, 333, 446 makalul, 337 mangroves in, 334 ownership of, 331, 442 predators in, 333

PUko'o Wharf description of, 445 deterioration of, 56 as fishing area, 8, 10, 35 freight delivered to, 228, 444 mail delivered to, 43

Puna'ula (Moloka'i), 29 Pu'ulua (Moloka'i), 29, 54 Pu'uoHoku Ranch, 35, 153, 247, 417, 418,

442, 483

Pu'uHoku Ranch (Qmtinued) pineapple grown at, 228-30, 246

Recreation. See also Celebrations and holidays; Community activities; Sports

church-related, 115 cockfighting, 559 concerts, 507 gambling, 548 movies, 104, 343, 349, 494-95 music, 37, 473, 497, 547

Refrigeration electric, 349 freezer, 530 ice chest, 481 ice house, 30, 478 lack of, 44, 196, 257, 330, 416

Religion. See Churches Ritte, Walter, 83, 84, 162, 179, 180, 541-43,

564 Roads, 45, 287, 330

dirt, 235, 548 macadam, 34, 35

Rodrigues, Charlie, 34, 468 Rogers family, 476 Rose D (boat), 494

Sakanashi and fishing, 37 as caretaker of 'Ualapu'e Fishpond, 109,

156, 162, 164-65, 171, 173, 193-94, 222, 293, 441

and community, 164, 165, 193, 194 and Duvauchelle family, 351, 464

St. Louis School (O'ahu), 215, 216 Salt beds, 501 Schools. See also individual school names

Catholic, 322 discipline in, 130, 433

Schroll family, 331, 369 Shellfish

clam, 17-18, 36, 164, 165, 190, 248, 261, 289, 294

crab, 36, 74, 109, 110, 115, 149, 165, 172, 261, 289, 521, 528

hfhiwai, 26, 150, 486 kupe'e, 491 lobster, 36 '6pae, 69, 133, 149, 169, 214, 248,

289

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'opihi, 26, 232, 233, 486 squid, 35, 36, 46, 81, 489-90, 524, 529

Sherwood, Zelie Duvauchelle, 17, 32, 37, 49, 320, 333, 335, 439, 461

Shimabukuro, Kamado, 255 Shingle Memorial Hospital (Moloka'i), 116,

117' 152, 278, 357 Shoemaker, John, 538 Smith, Laura Duvauchelle (interview),

401-507; 315, 321 childhood activities of, 405, 406, 434, 442,

443,449,459, 472,473,497,506 education of, 406, 409 family and home life of, 402, 406, 414-16,

424, 449, 450, 471- 74 home of, in Kalihi (O'ahu), 496 home of, in PUko'o, 421, 424, 425, 450,

481 siblings of, 402, 405, 432, 457

Smith-Bronte Landing (Moloka'i), 21, 172 Sports. See also Recreation

baseball, 59-61, 101, 206, 207, 261 basketball, 101, 206 boxing, 207 croquet, 207 football, 25, 26, 58, 206 rowing, 48 track events, 208 volleyball, 206, 207, 561 wrestling, 207, 208

Squid. See Shellfish Standard Oil Co. (Moloka'i), 228 Stevens, Dr. Paul, 312, 357 Sugarcane, 131, 212-14

Tamashiro Market (O'ahu), 529, 548 Taro

cultivation, 116, 133, 203 grown in Hilawa, 216, 260, 340, 468 grown in Honouli Wai, 260 grown in Ka'amola, 21, 22 grown in 'Ualapu'e, 82-83, 148, 171, 203,

302, 542, 546 grown in Waialua, 470 marketing, 220 patches, and fish ponds, .575-76 processing into poi, 116, 203, 216, 217,

219, 469 water supply for, 201, 295

Telephone, 225, 346, 435, 436, 480

Territorial Normal and Training School (O'ahu), 48, 234

Theo. H. Davies, Co., 224 Tidal waves, 76, 77, 111, 164,313,439,468 Tollefson family, 325, 476-77, 566 Transportation. See also Boats

by automobile, 35, 55, 56, 57, 86, 132, 224, 228-29, 247' 255, 263, 286, 408, 435, 475, 506

by bus, 249 by horse-drawn wagon, 131, 152, 235, 422,

474 by horse, mule and donkey, 2, 33-34, 39,

40, 43, 131, 133, 141, 214, 340, 407-8, 506

by steamship, 132, 228, 323, 329, 485 by truck, 55-56, 108, 152, 224, 247

Turtles, 520-21

'Ualapu'e (Moloka'i), 146, 147, 155, 186 agriculture in, 82-83, 148, 171, 203, 302,

542, 546 boundaries, 82 community, 86, 111, 152, 252, 280 courthouse in, 236, 285 jail in, 285 tax office in, 236, 285, 308

'Ualapu'e County Hospital, 50, 110, 114, 116, 233, 277-78, 358

'Ualapu'e Dispensary, 278, 309, 311, 356-57, 358, 359

'Ualapu'e Fishpond (Moloka'i) bulrushes in, 191, 198, 200, 291, 441 caretakers of, 14, 15, 156, 162, 164, 166,

222 changes in, 293, 296, 315 clams in, 17, 76, 110, 164, 223, 289, 294,

333, 439, 545 as commercial aquaculture venture, 393,

394, 572, 573 crabs in, 110, 195, 289, 291, 441 as educational resource, 574 fish in, 16, 17, 23, 74, 79, 157, 161, 191,

194, 222, 446, 568 as food source for community, 195, 196 freshwater source for, 19, 20, 69, 83, 156,

166, 168, 201, 295, 572 future plans for, 390-97 hale 11Ullalha at, 14, 15, 24, 162, 197, 199,

564

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harvesting of, 22, 78, 80, 112, 162, 191, 194, 195, 223, 230, 439, 441, 570, 571

as historic site, 85, 389 last commercial use of, 300 lessees, 10, 23, 75, 156, 288, 315, 439 limu in, 18, 202, 237, 289 maintenance of, 18, 19, 22, 79-81, 171,

335, 567 miJkaha, 11-14, 77, 79, 156-58, 160, 193,

197, 338, 515, 566-70 mangroves in, 76, 79, 223 'Opae in, 149, 195, 289 predators in, 13, 17, 93, 173, 191, 192,

222, 223, 236, 314, 315, 439, 568, 569 restoration plans for, 68, 77, 79, 85, 94,

316,505,515,549,564 salinity of, 570 stocking of, 10, 11, 566, 571 taro grown near, 546 wall (kuapa), 12, 13, 67, 77, 79, 549, 565

'Ualapu'e Fishpond Project. See Hui o Kuapa 'Uko'a Fishpond (O'ahu), 380, 385 'Ulupalakua (Maui), 144 'Ulupalakua School (Maui), 146 United States Commission of Fish and

Fisheries, 91 University of Hawai'i, 25-26, 47 Uyemura, George, 382

Wai'ale'ale (ship), 306, 329 Waialua (Moloka'i), 43, 55, 56 Waialua Church (Moloka'i), 188 Waialua Sugar Company (O'ahu), 385 Wailau (Moloka'i), 232, 425, 470, 475, 486,

496 Waldron, Fred Ltd. (O'ahu), 223, 379 Watanabe, Shinichi, 171, 253, 296, 361 Water. See also Lo'ipunawai; 'Ualapu'e

Fishpond, freshwater source for for bathing, 42, 166, 170 for cooking, 147, 170 for drinking, 20, 21, 147, 157, 166 for gardens, 41, 42, 132, 157 for irrigation, 166, 201 for laundry, 147, 166, 170 piped from Mapulehu Valley, 260 pumps, 21, 41, 171, 240 reservoirs, 21 springs, 94, 201, 202 wells, 21, 41, 157, 170, 171, 240, 323, 546

Water (Continued) windmills, 21, 41, 467

Water Supply (Honolulu), Board of, 25, 62, 63

Wavecrest condominiums, 172, 253, 547 Welch, Rev. Joseph, 284 Wills, Bernice, 279 Wills, George, 280 Wilson, Jenny, 419-20 Wilson, Mayor John, 63, 419, 475 World War I, 435, 436 World War II, 164, 247, 266-68 Wright, Harold "Buddy," 331, 334, 442 Wyban, Carol Araki (interview), 375-97; 84,

85,368,440,506

C-14

on comparison between Lokoea Fishpond and ·uatapu•e Fishpond, 390

as consultant to Hui o Kuapa, 389 education of, 377 home of, in KaimukT (O.ahu), 376, 377 home of, in Manoa Valley (O.ahu), 376

Wyban, Jim, 84, 377, 385, 386

Yuen, Y. K. as lessee of Keawa Nui Fishpond, 512-13

Yoshimura family as caretakers of Kupeke Fishpond, 220, 300

Zweig, Ron, 379

CENTER FOR ORAL IDSTORY

The Center for Oral History (COH), University of Hawai'i at Manoa, was established in 1976 under an appropriation by the Hawai'i State Legislature. Formerly known as the Ethnic Studies Oral History Project, COH is now a unit of the university's Social Science Research Institute. COH's primary objectives are to record and preserve through oral interviews the recollections of the people of Hawai'i and to disseminate oral history transcripts to researchers, students, and the general community. COH's other objectives include developing books, articles, catalogs, photo displays, brochures, and videotapes based on oral histories; serving as a resource center for oral history materials; and training groups and individuals to conduct oral history research projects on the multi-ethnic people of Hawai'i.

Interested persons are welcome to visit COH, which is open Monday through Friday from 8:00a.m. to 4:30 p.m. COH is located on the University of Hawai'i at Manoa campus, 2424 Maile Way, Porteus Hall 724, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822.

Center for Oral History staff members are WarrenS. Nishimoto, center director; Michi Kodama-Nishimoto, research coordinator; Cynthia A. Oshiro, publications specialist; and Joe Rossi, research associate.

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'UALAPU'E MOLOKA'I

Oral Histories from the East End

Volume I

'

Center for Oral History Social Science Research Institute

University of Hawai'i at Manoa

June 1991

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