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Seite 1Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
International Experiences and GIZ’s Contribution to a Shift towards Green Economic Development
ProGED Start Up Event 11 to 13 March 2013
Marco Polo Hotel, Cebu City
Götz von Stumpfeldt, GIZEconomic Policy and Private Sector Development- Green Economy -
Seite 2Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Content
I. Green economy: What is it?
II. Concept of ecological footprint
III. The eco-efficiency revolution:Decoupling growth from resource inputs
IV. Success factors for green economy strategies
V.GIZs approach: Greening economic policy advice
Seite 3Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Green Economy
“An economy that improves human well-being and social equity while simultaneously reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities.“ (UNEP)
Green Growth
„ Green Growth describes a growth strategy that shapes economic processes in an ecologically sound way and creates new jobs and income opportunities in new green sectors. It reduces environmental impact to a minimum.“ (BMZ Broschüre Ökologisches Wirtschaften, Green Economy, S. 8)
Seite 4
Growth – ecological objectives
Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
GDP – the gross domestic product
• indicates the value of all goods and services produced in a country during one year
• it is important to understand, whether the economy is growing or shrinking
Economic growth can be linked to environmental degradation; New indicators have been developed that give important information additional to the GDP.
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study is an international initiative to draw attention to the global economic benefits of biodiversity. It calculates the economic value of natural resources as the rainforest.
Seite 5
Payments for ecosystem services (PES)
Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
is the practice of offering incentives to farmers or landowners in exchange for managing their land to provide some sort of ecological service.
1997 Nature magazine article estimated the annual value of global ecological benefits at $33 trillion, a number nearly twice the then global gross product.
There are “big three” among these 24 services which are currently receiving most of the money and interest worldwide.
• climate change mitigation,• watershed services and• biodiversity conservation e.g. • UN-REDD Program is the United Nations collaborative initiative on
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries.
Seite 6Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Seite 7Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
What does the ecological footprint mean?
• The ecological footprint represents the amount of biologically productive land and sea area necessary to supply the resources that a human population consumes, and to assimilate associated waste in a given technological context
• It estimates how much of the Earth it would take to support humanity if everybody followed a given lifestyle.
• For 2007, humanity's total ecological footprint was estimated at 1.5 planet Earths; that is, humanity uses ecological services 1.5 times as quickly as Earth can renew them.
• It represents an accounting system for bio-capacity that tracks how much bio-capacity there is, and how much bio-capacity people use.
• Every year, this number is recalculated to incorporate the three-year lag due to the time it takes for the UN to collect and publish statistics and relevant research.
Seite 8Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Components of the Footprint
Cropland
Fishing Grounds
Carbon Footprint
Grazing Land
Forest
Built Area
Seite 9Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors
Seite 10Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Relative and absolute decoupling
Seite 11Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Decoupling of energy consumption and GDP growth in Germany
Resource productivity
GDP (gross domesticproduct)
Resource extraction and imports
Source: Federal Agency for Statistics
Resource productivity and growth
Seite 12Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Decoupling of energy consumption and GDP Decoupling of energy consumption and GHG-emissions Germany
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200575
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
GDP
Primary energy consumption
GHG-emissions
Efficiency
Substitution
Seite 13Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Germany Success factors (1)
1. Political system: Ability• to quickly integrate the new issues
learning• to formulate and implement policies
consensus orientation/ corporatism• integraton of stakeholders
Seite 14Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
2. Environmental policy is innovation policy
• Regulative policies
• Feed-in-tariffs
• Environmental taxes
Germany success factors (2)
Strong and competitive green industries green business services
Seite 15
Success Story China (1) 11th Five-year Plan (2006-2010): Allocation of a significant share of investments to green sectors esp. renewable energy and energy efficiency
• Wind Power • Annual growth rate of additional generating capacity from wind power:
more than 100% from 2005 to 2009• New installations in 2009: 13,8GW China led world in added capacity
= 2nd in terms of installed capacity, after the US
• Solar Power • China is largest Solar PV manufacturer • Produced 45% of global solar PV in 2009 • With more than 12 GW of large projects in the pipeline, it would rapidly
become a major market in Asia and the world • China is largest market for solar hot water with nearly 2/3 of global
capacity more than 10% of Chinese households rely on the sun to heat their water with more than 160 million sq. meters as total collector area
Seite 16
China Success Story (2)
Job Creation • Energy sector output is worth US$17 bn. and employed an
estimated 1,5 million (2009), out of which: 600,000 in solar thermal industry 266,000 in biomass generation 55,000 in solar photovoltaics 22,200 in wind power
In 2009 alone, an estimated 300,000 jobs were created.
Seite 17Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Comparing industrialized countries
• Most competitive countries are less polluting • Environmental sound is innovative• Environmental sound policies are innovative
Seite 18
GIZ‘s approach:Establish green growth as a cross-cutting issue
Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Change framework conditions to integrate external costsEco-taxes; reduction of subsidies
Make use of cost-effective environmental investmentPromote eco-efficiency, profitable environmental managementPREMA, Pro-Klima, Green industrial parks, eco-Innovation
Create green markets Green procurement, feed-in-tariffs for renewable energies
Green finance
Implement environmental and social standards
Seite 19Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Reduce market failure
Reduction of environmentally critical subsidies e.g. fuel subsidies
introduction of ecological taxes
Integrate environmental aspects into poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSP)
introduce feed-in tariffs for renewable energies
Integrate costs of pollution into production costs
Change framework conditions to integrate external costs
Seite 20Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Introduction of ecological taxes in Vietnam
Taxing • refined fuels and
coal• energy and certain • chemicals
(HCFCs)• selected pesticides
and • soft plastic bags.
Expected results• reduction of CO2
emissions by 7,5%• revenues 1,5 billion
Euro/ year• reduction of waste.
Change framework conditions to integrate external costs
Seite 21Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Cost structure of the manufacturing sector Germany
Abschreibungen 2,8%
Lohnarbeiten 2,4%
Dienstleistung 1,6%Mieten, Pacht 1,4%
Energie 1,8%
Handelsware 11,7%
Kostensteuern 3,4%
Sonstiges 11,4%
Material 44,8 %
Saving potential 20%
Personnel 18,7%
Material costs: 500 bn. Euro
Saving potential: 100 bn. EuroSource: DESTATIS 2009
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 22Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
During the last decades, in Germany material and resources productivity has risen, but much slower than the productivity of labour.
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1960 1970 1980 1990
Productivity of labour
Productivity of material
Productivity of energy
Dev
elo
pm
ent
sin
ce 1
960
=1
00(W
est
Ger
man
y o
nly
)
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 23Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Material- and Energy Flow Diagram
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 24Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Value Stream and Cost Diagram
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 25Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
PREMA Saving Potentials
Energy Water Steel
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 26
Flow analysis
Analysis of costs /environmental impact
Analysis of causes
Developmentof measures
Implementationof measures
Integration incompany structure
12
34
5
6
Where is the problem
How big is the problem
Why do you have the problem
What can we do about it
Who does whatby when
How to go on Cycle of change
GIZ Prema approach
Cost Saving
potentials?
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 27
economic efficiency
organisationallearning
environmentalperformance
Capability to implement changes
Less waste, air emissions and
effluents
Cost savings andIncrease inproductivity
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
GIZ Prema approach
PREMA = triple win
Seite 28
continuous applicatio
n in th
e company
Elements of the PREMA Programme
Infotraining to PREMA
2 hours – 1-day workshop
Cost ManagementModule
3 workshops of 2-3 days each
Good HousekeepingModule
3-day workshop
networkmeeting
networkmeeting
networkmeeting
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 29Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Example: CHINA – application of methodology„Profitable Environmental Management“ (PREMA)
Approach
PREMA Training of 3 Trainers, 42 Consultants, 128 representatives of companies
Implementation of 11 training programs in 5 cities Implementation of 840 PREMA measures in more than 60 companies
Results 64 companies, implementation of more than 800 individual measures Investment of approx. 6,5 million € in plants that led to annual net
saving of approx. 13,5 million € (average payback period: 5,2 months)
Altogether, up to 30% of energy, 20% of water and 10% of materials have been saved
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 30Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 31
Proklima
Integrated ozone and climate protection with focus on natural refrigerants with low-GWP and energy-efficient applications.
– 16 years worldwide initiatives– ~ 235 projects– ~ 40 Partner countries
– ~ 100 Mio tons CO2 eq. reduced
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 32
Global relevance of cooling
• More than 50% of energy consumption in hotels & resorts for cooling and air conditioning
• Ca. 15% of global energy consumption for cooling (7% growth/year until 2050) [IEA]
• Approx. 40% of energy consumption in urban areas for refrigeration and air conditioning
• Up to 40% of goods perish along the (missing) cool chain
• Refrigerator and air conditioning unit are (next to light and tv) the top investments for poor families
• Up to 80% of energy costs of poor households come from the household refrigerator
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 33
Case study Ramada Benoa Hotel, Bali (Indonesia)Installation of new air conditioning system
• 180 Guest rooms, spa, restaurant, etc
• Energy consumption: 3.2 Mio kWh/yr (old system)
• Savings: ca. US$ 15,000/month, 1.8 Mio kWh/yr,
• Return on Investment: 12 Months
• Save 1,500 tonnes CO2eq/yr, between 40–60% lower CO2eq emissions
Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 34
Approach
• Capacity building for local AC manufacturer
• Independent energy and emission audit
• Redesign of AC products
• Pilot installation in hotel
• Training of local technicians (installation, operation, maintenance)
• Promotion of results and experience, replication
• Best practice in national strategy for sector transformation
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 35Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Sustainable management of industrial zones in Tunisia:
• 121 industrial zones in which 50% of all companies produce.
• GMG is a group of companies which together provide infrastructures
such as waste water.
GIZ
consults how to increase resource efficiency and how to reduce
emissions.
acts as a moderator/intermediary btw. governments and industries.
Sustainable Management of Industrial Zones
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 37
Summer academy sustainable entrepreneurs 2011 et 2012, GIZ Algeria
Business plan competition
54 winners selected
Summer school: training, mentoring, business plan development
Create awareness
Support high potential start-ups
Stimulate innovation
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 38
• Development of a platform to facilitate and promote innovation, collaboration and entrepreneurship for the green economy
• Services: facility (fab lab, creativity corner), training (green skills, innovation management, marketing), consulting (project feasibility, energy efficiency)
• Partners: Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Education, University of Cairo, Youth NGO
Ice Hub - Egyptian-German Program Private Sector Promotion and Employment Promotion:
Make use of cost-effective environmental investment
Seite 39Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Create green markets
Green procurement and green labels
Green procurement and eco-labelling project in Bangkok
• The Green Public Procurement in Thailand is strengthened.
• The new Green Public Procurement strategies in Thailand are disseminated to other selected countries in Southeast Asia.
2)
Create green markets
Seite 40
Policy Consulting: Intersections of financial, environmental and energy policy
Integration of ecological aspects within regulatory frameworks of banks and other financial service providers
Innovative concepts of financing for:
• SSMEs
• renewable energies
• investments in energy efficiency
Financial system development
Green Finance
Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Green Finance
Seite 41Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
India: SSME Promotion in India
Green finance for improvements in energy-efficiency.
The development of loan products for the purchase of clean and energy-efficient technologies.
Energy-efficient loan is tested in a light metal cluster involving ca. 10.000 SSMEs.
GIZ:
• consults banks like the State Bank of India in their development of loan products for clean and energy-efficient technologies
• acts as intermediary btw. banks and industry
Green Finance
Seite 42Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
India: Sustainability in the Banking sector
• Support to the State Bank of India and other banks.
• Integration of environmental issues and other dimensions of sustainability in their management strategies.
• Integration of environmental and social aspects into lending decisions and to evaluate risks relative to these issues.
• Development of trainings to integrate adaptation to climate change into management strategies.
• Banks as multipliers for sustainability issues.
• Reducing Carbon footprint of companies in textile industries.
Green Finance
Seite 43Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Systemic and systematic integration of ecological aspects and criteria in the promotion of value chains, which means at all levels of the value chain:
• Interactions btw. value chains and climate change as well as
• Resource efficiency
• Identification of new, ecologically sustainable business opportunities & models
Indonesia (Local und Regional Development, LRED) Value chains in tourism
Promotion of Value Chains
Green Value Chains – Basic Approaches
Green Finance
Seite 44Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Bangladesh: Social and environmental standards in industry esp. textile industryPressure to respect social and environmental standards
• Development partnerships with international retail enterprises and local partners; Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers & Exporters Association;
• Advise the development of new environmental guidelines on the national level.
• Training of entrepreneurs, managers and workers in energy- and resource- efficiency and the treatment of chemicals and wastewater
200 enterprises were able to step up one staircase in ILOs classification
Respect of social and environmental standards is raising productivity; the project aims at documenting these “business cases” and wants to cooperate with local consultants to make sure that positive experiences are being scaled up to a national level.
Implement environmental and social standards
Seite 45Götz von Stumpfedt 10.03.2013
Thank you very much for your attention!