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The Challenge of Power System Operationwith Large Amounts of Wind Power

Dr. Kurt Rohrig

IWES Institut für Windenergie und Energiesystemtechnik Bremerhaven/KasselGermany

kurt.rohrig@iwes.fraunhofe.de

IntroductionWind Power Plant CapabilitiesGrid Planning and OperationEuropean Energy MarketsRenewable Model Region Harz

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9CO2 Emissions per Capita – Remaining Amounts

Quelle: WBGU, 2009

Ca. 730 G t CO2 to 2050

To meet 2°C target, massive conversion of energy supply system is required

Massive development of RES

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Wind Power Plant Capabilities – Operate Wind Farms like Conventional Power Plants

Sustainable Grid Planning and improved Operation

European Energy Markets and Business Models

Main Challenges of Wind Energy Deployment

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44

Active Power Regulation

Gradient Control

Timet

P [MW]

300

200

100

t+i t+j t+n

Reactive Power Regulation

P

+Q-Q

cos

CapacitiveInductive

Adjustable power factor

Reactive power range forecast

Reactive power control

Power factor control

Voltage changes control

Wind power reserve

Congestion management

Power limitation

Gradient control

Frequency Control

Active Contribution to System Reliability

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A1

A2

A0, BO

B1 B2100

5047 48 49 51 52 53B3 A3

xx

Nom

inat

ed P

ower

[%]

Frequency [Hz]

Active Contribution to System Reliability

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

06.10.2003 07.10.2003 08.10.2003 09.10.2003 10.10.2003

TimeP

ow

er [

MW

]

Reserve PowerReduced Power

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Reactive Power Control

U, cos f, QVoltage Control at PCC

Active power

Reactive power

48,116 MW

33,658 MVar

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Voltage Control

Voltage

30,242 kV

29,122 kV

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Reelle Netzteile 380/220kV

Transport of Energy Bulk

T

T

H

Sustainable Grid Planning

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Study: 100 % RES Scenario in Europe

Wind

PV

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9Simulation of Energy Transport and Energy Storage

ind

ivid

ual

res

idu

al lo

ad [

GW

]

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9Average Transports in 100% supply scenario with share of PV (55%)

≈15 GW

Maximum transports are much larger!

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100% Electricity from Wind, PV, Biogasund Water

From Simulation to Demonstration: the Combined RES Power Plant

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Wind Power Prediction WPMS

E.ON Netz, Vattenfall Europe Transmission,RWE Transportnetz Strom, EnBW Transportnetze,Verbund Österreich,TERNA Italien,Ägypten, Zafarana,National Grid, England.

Wind FarmCluster ManagementWCMS

Wind Power Prediction as a Key Function

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Devices

AgentsLoad

Wind

Biogas

Import/Export

PV

Storage

Results

Control

Management Control

ICT ICT

Ene

rgy

Man

agem

ent

The Virtual Power Plant – Interfaces

Prediction

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9The virtual power plant – Graphical user interface

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9Renewable Model Region Harz

Renewable Power Plant Harz

GenerationControlable

Loads Storage

Device ControlMarket Information

Seite 17

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9Renewable Model Region Harz

• Urban Region

• High share of RES

• Support of RES in Region

Installierte Leistung [MW]EEG- und KWK-Anlagen im LK Harz

14.70.3

15.9

6.6

7.2

137.3

Bio

Gas

KWK

PV

Wasser

Wind

Stand: 2009

Installed capacity in region

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9Active Support of Grid Operation

PMUP

MU

PCC 1

PCC 2

PCC 3

PM

U

U, I, f, t

U, I, f, tU, I, f, t

t

P

t

P

t

P

Measures:Measures:- f global

Parameter- U, I local

Parameter- t global

Timestamp

P,Q

RKWH

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Thank You for Your Attention