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SWrucWural Analysis of HisWorical ConsWrucWions – Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) © 2012 DPNH ProcławH PolandH ISSN 0860-2395H ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7

SEISMIC RETROFIT OF HISTORICAi BUIiDINGS WITH SEISMIC ISOiATION Clemente mKNI ae ptefano AKOI wago oKP ABSTRACT =qhe=application=of=seismic=isolation=in=existing=masonry=bìildings=needs=some=considerations.=qhese=refer= to= the= nìmber= and= the= locations= of= the= devices= and=are= discìssed= in= this= paper.= BesidesI= with=particìlar= reference= to= cìltìral= heritage= bìildingsI= which= are= certainly= relevant= andLor= strategic=strìctìresI= any= retrofit= intervention= shoìld= preserve= their= original= monìmental= characteristicsI= their=identity=and=their=historical=valìe.=qwo=new=solìtions=are=proposed.=qhe=first=consisting=in=the=lifting=of=the=bìilding=together= with=an=ìpper= reinforced=concrete=plate=by=pìshing=against=a=bottom=plate;= the=isolation=devices=are=located=between=the=two=plates.=qhe=second=one=consists=in=the=realization=of=an=isolated=platform=ìnder= the=foìndations=of= the=bìildingI=withoìt= toìching=the=bìilding=itself.= fn=both=casesI=the=strìctìre=is=seismically=isolated=bìt= is=not=interested=by=interventions=that=coìld=modify=its=architectìral=characteristicsI=which=is=very=important=for=historical=bìildings.==heywordsW peismic isolationI peismic retrofitI eistorical buildings N. INTRODUCTION =qhe=seismic=rehabilitation=of=historical=constrìctions=is=qìite=hard.=qhey=have=been=often=bìilt=withoìt=accoìnting= for= the= seismic= actionsI= and= so= they= are= vìlnerable= even= to= moderate= events= and= often=characterized= by= an= irregìlar= formI= in= both= plan= and= elevationI= and= shallow= foìndationsI= which=represent= weak=points= in= their= strìctìral= capacity.= cìrthermoreI= ìnder= earthqìakes= of= high= intensityI=traditional= strìctìres= can= jìst= gìarantee= against= the= collapseI= bìt= cannot= avoid= heavy= damages= to=strìctìral= and= nonJstrìctìral= elements.= fn= any= case= the= rehabilitation= works= mìst= gìarantee= the=preservation= of= the= original= monìmental= characteristicsI= identity= and= historical= valìe.= ln= the= other=handI=dìe=to=the=historical=importance=and=to=the=daily=presence=of=toìristsI=the=seismic=rehabilitation=of=historical=bìildings= is=qìite=delicateI=aiming=at= the=protection=of=hìman= life=and=cìltìral=heritage.= fn=this= contextI= traditional= techniqìesI=based=on=the=increasing=of=strength=and=dìctilityI=are=not=sìitable=for=the=seismic=rehabilitation=of=cìltìral=heritage=bìildingsI=as=several=past=experiences=demonstrated.=As=a=matter=of=factI=bìildings=damaged=by=earthqìakes=and=repaired=by=means=of=traditional=techniqìes=sìffered= the= same=damages=after= sìccessive=events.=qherefore=ìse=of= new=technologies= is= advisableI=sìch=as=seismic=isolation.==eistorical= constrìctions= have= often= masonry= carrying= strìctìreI= which= transfers= loads= to= the=foìndations= along= their= entire= length.= po= the= insertion= of= base= isolationI= which= determines=a=discretization=of=this=continìoìs=sìpportI=is=not=very=easy=xNz.=tith=reference=to=new=bìildingsI=two=limit=solìtions=can=be=considered=for=the=deployment=of=the=isolator=devices=in=plan.=A=first=solìtion=is=to=introdìce=at=least=two=sìpports=at=the=base=of=each=wallI=able=to=sìpport=vertical=and=horizontal=loads=and=also=the=effects=dìe=to=the=bending=moment.=A=horizontal=beam=is=necessary=above= the=isolation=systemI=which=shoìld=be=able=to=transfer= the=shear= forces=from=the=sìperstrìctìres=to=the=elastomeric=isolators.=qhe=alternative=is=to=consider=a=limited=nìmber=of=devicesI=placed=at=the=wall=crossingsI=and=to =realize =a =very =rigid =strìctìre =ìnder =the =walls =of =the =first =level. =qhis =solìtion =appears =to =be =more =

===================================================N=mhaI=bkbAI=oomeI=ftalyI=paolo.clemente]enea.it=O=cìll=mrof.I=molitecnico=di=qorinoI=qìrinI=ftalyI=alessandro.destefano]polito.it==P=ar.=bng.I=`bl=of=polesI=corlìI=ftalyI=zago.r]soles.net===

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sìitable=for=a=wide=application=of=base=isolation=in=masonry=bìildings.=fn=practiceI=the=rigid=strìctìre=ìnder=the=first=level=is=made=of=reinforced=concrete=and=so=are=the=foìndations.==Aboìt=the=position=of=the=isolation=interfaceI=the=realization=of=an=ìndergroìnd=level=is=sìitable=when=ìsing=seismic=isolation.=fn=factI=a=rigid=deck=is=necessary=jìst=above=the=isolation=system=and=the=laying=of=the=foìndations= is=lower=in=comparison=with=the=laying=of=the=foìndation=of=a=fixed=base=bìildingI=dìe=to=the=presence=of= the=isolation=system.=qhe=height=of=this= gap=shoìld=allow=the=inspection=of=the=isolators=and=their=replacement.==fn=this=paper=the=application=of=seismic=isolation=in=historical=bìildings=is=discìssed.=pome=of=the=most=notable=realization=already=done=are=reported=and=discìssedI=and=two=recent=proposals=are=shown.===O. BASIC DESIGN CONCEPTS =As=well=known=seismic=isolation=is=based=on=a=terrific=redìction=of=the=seismic=actionsI=which=affect=the=strìctìreI= instead= of= relying= on= its= strength.= qhis= resìlt= is= obtained= by= increasing= the= fìndamental=period=of=vibration=of=the=bìildingI=so=that=it=becomes=less=vìlnerable=to=earthqìakes=xOI=Pz.=fn=factI=the=sìperstrìctìre=will=be=loaded=by=low=effects=thanks=to=the=filtering=of=the=seismic=isolation=system.==lbvioìslyI=the=isolation=system=shoìld=be=designed=so=as=to=redìce=the=seismic=action=in=the=strìctìre=to= the= valìe= that= the= restored= bìilding= will= be= able= to= sìpport= in= the= elastic= range.= rsìallyI= and=particìlarly=in=the=ftalian=technical=codeI=two=levels=for=the=seismic=actions=are=consideredW==

– the=highest=one=is=relative=to=the=soJcalled=collapse=limit=state=EpiCF=and=is=ìsed=for= the=check=of=the=isolation=devices;==

– the= lower= one= is= relative= to= the= safegìard= limit= state= EpisF= and= is= ìsed= for= the= check= of= the=sìperstrìctìreI=for=which=a=low=strìctìral=factorI=q ≤=N.R=is=also=allowed.==

ft= is= worth= noting= that= both= the= elastic= spectra= shoìld= be= plotted= for= the= damping= relative= to= the=isolation=devicesI=xis ≥=NMBI=bìt=for=q=< MKU·qis=the=damping=of=the=sìperstrìctìre=mìst=be=consideredI=ìsìally=x=Z=RB.==ft= is= opinion= of= these= aìthors= thatI= keeping= in= mind=what= said= aboìt= the= relevance=and= the= strategic=importance=of=cìltìral=heritage=strìctìresI=the=seismic=event=to=consider=for=the=piC=is=that=associate=to=the= maximìm= retìrn= period= qoIpiC=Z=O4TR= years.= qhe= reasonable= corresponding= valìe= for= the= pis=shoìld=be=qoIpis=Z=NONR=years=EZ=qoIpiCLO.MRF.===

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Se (SLC) 24T5

Se (SLs) 1215

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Fig. N=blastic=spectra=and=design=of=the=isolation=system===po=the=first=period=of=vibration=of=the=isolated=bìilding=is=chosen=as=that=one=correspondingI=in=the=pis=elastic =spectrìmI =to =a =sìitable =valìe =of =the =acceleration. =tith =reference =to =historical =bìildingsI =only =very=low=valìes=of=the=spectral=acceleration=can=be=acceptedI=ìsìally=ranging=ìp=to=M.NM÷M.NR=g.=qhe=corresponding=period=in=the=pis=spectrìm=is=assìmed=as=period=qis=of=the=isolated=bìilding.=cinally=the=corresponding=acceleration=and=displacements=valìes=in=the=piC=spectrìm=are=evalìated=Ecig.=NF.==qhe=chosen=valìe=of=qis=mìst=also=gìarantee=a=sìitable=decoìpling=between=the=motion=of=the=bìilding=and= the= motion= of= the= soil.= As= well= knownI= in= factI= the=period= of= vibration=of= the= isolated=bìilding=shoìld=be=mìch=higher=than=the=period=of=vibration=of=the=sìperstrìctìreI=sìpposed=fixed=at=its=base.=fn=practice=the=ratio=between=the=two=shoìld=be=not=lower=than=three.=BesidesI=especially=when=ìsing=new=antiJseismic= technologiesI= the= analysis= of= the= local= seismic= response= is= necessary= to= find= oìt= the=presence=of=any=seismic=amplifications=in=specific=ranges=of=freqìency=at=the=specific=site.==

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Another=important=issìe=is=the=location=of=the=devices.=qhe=simplest=solìtion=consists=in=the=insertion=of=them=jìst=below=the=groìnd=level=of=the=bìilding=or=at=the=top=of=the=ìndergroìnd=levelI=if=present.=qhis=solìtion= is= not= sìitable= for= cìltìral= heritage= strìctìresI= becaìse= it= reqìires= the= modification= of= the=architectìral=and=strìctìral=state=of=the=original=bìilding.==

=P. APPiICATIONS OF BASE ISOiATION IN HISTORICAi CONSTRUCTIONS =peismic=isolation=have=already=been=ìsed=for=the=retrofit=of=historical=bìildings.=pome=example=are=in=the=following.==qhe= paint= crancisco= `ity= eallI= bìilt= after= the= collapse= of= the= previoìs= strìctìre= dìring= the= NVMS=earthqìakeI= has= sizes= in= plan= of= V4= and= NO4= mI= a= very= heavy= dome= with= a= diameter= of= OT= m=and=a=height= of= more= than= VM= m= Ecig.= OF.= qhe= bìilding= has= five= levelsI= a= steel= carrying= strìctìre= and=masonry= wallsI= which= contribìte= to= sìpport= the= horizontal= actions.= qhe= bìilding= sìffered= heavy=damages=dìe=to=the=NVUV=ioma=mrieta=earthqìake.=qhe=retrofit=was=done=by=means=of=the=insertion=of=an= isolation= system= and= the= realization= of= concrete= shear= walls.= qhe= constrìction= phase= were= the=following.=qhe=foìndations=were=first=reinforced=with=new=beams=and=a=new=deck=was=realized=above=the=isolation= interface.=qhenI= the=strìctìral=elements= were=shored=ìp=and=the=foìndations=were=cìt=at=their=top.=eydraìlic=jacks=were=ìsed=as=temporary=sìpports=for=steel=colìmns=and=brick=walls=to=install=the=lead=rìbber=bearings=ìnder=each=colìmn.=qhe=isolation=system=was=completed=in=NVVU.===

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Fig. O=the=`ity=eall=in=pt.=crancisco=and=the=fsolation=system===Also=the=`ity=eall=of=lakland=was=serioìsly=damaged=by=the=ioma=mrieta=earthqìake=in=NVUV.=ft=had=been=completed= in=NVN4=and=has=a=height= of=VV=m=Ecig.=PF=crom=the=podiìmI= composed=by= the=first=three=levels=with=size=in=plan=of=PU=and=RS=mI=the=lffice=qower=of=ten=levels=rises=ìp=and=from=this=the=`lock=qower=of =aboìt =OT=m.=qhe=carrying=strìctìre=is =composed=by=steel =frames=and=masonry=walls =with=the=original=foìndation=in=reinforced=concrete.=qhe=strìctìral=analysis=pointed=oìt=that=traditional=interventions=woìld=not=sìitable=to=improve=the=seismic=behavioìrI=so=seismic=isolation=was=considered=in=order= to=make= regìlar= the=dynamic= response=of= the= strìctìre.= NNO= devices= were= installed=and= the=sìperstrìctìre=was=strengthened=by=means=of=reinforced=concrete=shear=walls.=ptrìctìral=details=were=stìdied= to= protect= the= strìctìre= from= earthqìakes= dìring= the= worksI= and= the= constrìction= phases=gìaranteed=the=symmetry.=qhe=work=were=completed=in=NVVR.==lne=of= the=first=historic=strìctìres= to=be=seismically=retrofitted=ìsing=base=isolation=was= the=`ity=and=`oìnty=Bìilding= in=palt= iake=`ity= Ecig.= PFI= a= massive=ìnreinforced= masonry= strìctìre=completed= in=NUV4.=qhe=isolation=system=is=composed=of=44P=leadJrìbber=bearingsI=installed=ìnderneath=the=bìilding=on=top=of=existing=foìndations.==qhe=`ity=eall=in=ios=AngelesI=completed=in=NVOUI=with=PO=floors=and=a=height=of=NPU=mI=was=retrofitted=between=NVVU=and=OMMN=by=means=of=seismic=isolation=in=order=to=sìstain=minimal=damage=and=remain=fìnctional=after=an=earthqìake=of=magnitìde=U.O.=Also=the=`ity=eall=in=masadenaI=completed=in=NVOTI=and=listed=on=the=kational=oegister=of=eistoric=mlacesI=in=NVUM=Ecig.=PF.==A= very= interesting= intervention= was= designed= by= jelkìmyan= for= a= masonry= school= bìilding= in=sanadzorI=ArmeniaI=after=the=NVUU=earthqìake.=qhe=location=of=isolators=devices=are=shown=in=cig.=4.=qhe=intervention=was=realized=with=the=following=constrìction=phasesW==

– realization=of=windows=in=the=masonry=walls=at=the=isolation=device=positions;=the=window=shoìld=be=high=enoìgh=to=contain=a=lower=and=a=ìpper=reinforced=concrete=beams=and=the=isolator=device;==

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– constrìction= of= the= portion= of= the= lower= reinforced= concrete= beamI= with= the= overlap= steel= bar=between=the=beam=portion=of=the=considered=window=and=the=next=ones;==

– installation=of=the=isolation=device;==– realization= of= the= portion= of= the= ìpper= reinforced= concrete= beamI= with= the= overlap= steel= bar=

between=the=adjacent=windows;==– realization=of=the=sandwich=beams=above=and=below=the=isolators;==– cìtting=of=masonry=between=the=windows.=

=

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Fig. P=qhe=`ity=eall=in=palt=iake=`ity=EleftF=and=the=`ity=eall=in=masadena=ErightF===Among= the= proposals= with= this= procedìreI= not= realized= at= the= momentI= it= is= worth= reminding= the=seismic =retrofit =of =the =fran =Bastan =jìseìm=in =qehran =x4I =Rz =and =the =seismic =retrofit =of =a =residential =bìilding=in=BellìnoI=ftaly=xSz.===

==EaF== EbF==

=

=== =EcF==

Fig. 4=EaF=fsolation=system=in=the=school=in=sanadzor;=EbF=constrìction=phases;==EcF=details=Ecoìrtesy=by=j.=jelkìmyanF=

=4. INSERTION OF THE SEISMIC DEVICES IN EXISTING BUIiDINGS ESOiESF =fn=all= the=previoìsly=mentioned=cases= the= insertion=of= base= isolation= is= made=by=means= of= traditional=works=and= is=not= very=expensiveI=bìt=presents= the=disadvantages=of= reqìiring=the=modification=of=the=groìnd=or= ìndergroìnd= level= and=of= the=foìndations.= BesidesI= it= is= not= reversibleI= and=so=not= always=applicable=in=practice=for=historical=constrìctions.==

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qhe=poles= company= developed=a= new=technology= for= the=application=of= seismic= isolation= to= existing=bìildings.= ft= is= based= on= the= lifting= by= means= of= the= application= of= methods= that= represent= the=technological=development=of=the=systems=ìsed=and=developed=by=poles=in=the=last=forty=years=Ecig.=RF.===

==

EaF=existing=bìilding==

=

EbF=cirst=mat=foìndation=not=linked=to=the=bìilding==and=poles®=piles=

==

EcF=pecond=foìndation=linked=to=the=strìctìre==

=

EdF=mositioning=of=hydraìlic=jacks=and=lifting==of=the=bìilding=

==

EeF=insertion=of=the=isolators==

=

EfF=aisassembly=of=the=jacks=

Fig. R=`onstrìction=phases=for=the="fnsertion=of=the=seismic=devices=in=existing=bìildings"==qhe=technology=is=based=on=the=constrìction=of=a=new=reinforced=concrete=foìndation=plate=placed=on=the=groìnd=and=a=second=reinforced=concrete=plate=laying=on=the=first=one=bìt=connected=to=the=existing=foìndations=of=the=bìilding.=qhe=first=plate=coìld=also=be=sìbstitìted=by=a=set=of=poles=pilesI=the=choice=depending=on=the=mechanical=properties=of=the=soil.==BesidesI=jacks=are=positioned=on=devices=inclìded=in=the=ìpper=foìndation=plate.=By=means=of=them=and=pìshing=against=the=lower=plateI=the=ìpper=plate=is= lifted=together=with=the=existing=strìctìre.=cinallyI=the=seismic=isolation=devices=are=placed=between=the=two=reinforced=concrete=plates.==qhe=raising=of=the=strìctìre=is=carried=oìt=in=a=safe=and="simple"=way.=fn=factI=dìe=to=the=low=valìes=of=speed=and=movementI= the=strìctìre=is= never=considered=ìnder=dynamic=actions.=BesidesI= it= is=always=possible=to=stop=the=raising=whenever=necessary=in=order= to=allow=inspectionsI=monitoringI=calibration=and=modification=of=the=electric=or=hydraìlic=machinery.==fn=this=wayI=the=risks=that=coìld=arise=from=the=cìt=of=the=existing=strìctìral=elements=are=eliminated=as=well=as=the=necessity=to=create=joints=in=the=stairsI=in=the=elevator=shafts=and=in=the=partition=walls.==

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qhe= two= foìndation= plates= are= provided= with= manholes= and= wellsI= so= allowing= the= inspectionI= the=maintenance=and=the=replacement=of=the=seismic=isolators.==oecentlyI=this=type=of=intervention=has=been=ìsed=for=the=seismic=retrofit=of=a=bìildingI=whose=strìctìre=that=sìffered=very=few=damages=dìring=the=OMMV=iDAqìila=earthqìake=was=actìally=not=able=to=sìpport=significant=seismic=actions=Ecig.=SF.===

= ===

EaF=qhe=bìilding=in=iDAqìila===

=

EbF=iifting=of=the=bìilding==

Fig. S=fnsertion=of=the=seismic=devices=in=a=bìilding=in=iDAqìila==

=R. SEISMIC ISOiATION STRUCTURE FOR EXISTING BUIiDINGS =qhe= peismic= fsolation= ptrìctìre= for= bxisting= Bìildings= EpfpbBF= consists= in= the= realization= of= an=isolated=platform=ìnder= the=foìndations=of= the=bìildingI= withoìt= toìching= the=bìilding= itself= Ecig.=TF=xTz.= A= discontinìity= between= the= foìndations= and= the= soil= is= created= by= means= of= the= insertion= of=horizontal=pipes=and=the=positioning=of=isolation=devices=at=their=horizontal=diametric=plane.=fn=order=to=facilitate =the =sìccessive =operationsI =the =pieces =of =pipe =have =a =particìlar =shape =and =are =composed =by =two=portionsI=the=lower=and=the=ìpper=cylindrical=sectorsI=respectivelyI=which=are=connected=by=means=of=removable=elements=Ecig.=UF.===

=

Fig. T=fsolation=system=for=existing=bìildings==qhen=the=bìilding=is=separated=from=the=sìrroìnding=soil=in=order=to=allow=the=horizontal=displacements=reqìired= by= the= isolation= system.= po= the= strìctìre= is= seismically= isolated= bìt= not= interested= by=interventions= that=coìld=modify=its=architectìral=characteristicsI=which=is=very=important= for= historical=bìildings.==bven=ìndergroìnd= level=are= not= modified=bìt= can=be= part= of= the= seismically= protected=strìctìre.= fn=more=details=the=constrìction=phases=are=the=following=Ecig.=VFW===

– a=trench=is=first=excavated=of=at=one=side=of=the=bìilding=and=pipes=are=inserted=by=means=of=aìger=boring=or=microJtìnnelling=techniqìe;=the=diameter=of=pipes=shoìld=be=≥=O=mI=in=order=to=allow=the=inspection=of=the=isolation=system;==

– the=connection=elements=placed=in=correspondence=of=the=isolation=devices=are=removed=and=each=pipe= is= joined= with= the= two= adjacent= onesI= for= example= by= means= of= a= reinforced= concrete=elements;==

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– the= isolation= devices= are= positioned= and= the= ìpper= adjacent= sectors= are= connected= in=correspondence=of=the=isolators;==

– sìccessively=also=the=other=connection=elements=are=removedI=so=the=lower=and=ìpper=cylindrical=sectors=are=definitely=separated;==

– finally= vertical= walls= are= bìilt= along= the= foìr= sides= of= the= bìilding= and= a= rigid= connectionI=a=concrete=slab=or=otherI=is=realized=between=the=bìilding=and=the=isolation=system.=qhe=stiffening=of=the=soil=can=also=be=considered.==

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Fig. U=qhe=pieces=of=pipe=have=a=particìlar=shape=and=are=composed=by=a=lower=and=an=ìpper=cylindrical=sectorsI=which=are=connected=by=means=of=removable=elements=

=qhe=system=allows=also=the=realization=of=a=tìnnel=for=pedestrian=or=vehicles.=qhe=size=of=the=pipes=mìst=gìarantee=the=accessibility=and=the=possibility=to=sìbstitìte=the=devices.==ft= is=worth=reminding=that= the=solìtion=presents= the=advantages= that= the=bìilding=and=its=architectìral=aspect= are= not= changed= and= so= are= the= ìndergroìnd= levels;= this= is= a= very= important= reqìirement= for=historical=and=monìmental=strìctìres.===

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==

Fig. V=fsolation=system=for=existing=bìildingsW=longitìdinal=and=transversal=crossJsections===

qwo=problems=can=arise=dìring=the=microJtìnnelling=operationsW=the=soil=settlement=and=the=vibrations=indìced=at=the=sìrface=level.=qhe=literatìre=related=to=the=vibrations=indìced=by=microJtìnnelling=is=not=very= ample= and=often=not= strictly=pertinent.= pome=sìggestions= can=come= from=analogìe= experiences=sìpplied=by=large=tìnnelling=works=or=from=vertical=boreholes.=qhese=experiences=sìggest= that=minor=threats= shoìld=be= expected=from=indìced=vibrationsI=bìt= theoretical=and=experimental=deeper= stìdies=are=needed.=jore=serioìs=problems=can=arise=by=settlements=xUJNMz.==A=specific=analysis=was=carried=oìt=with=reference=to=a=case=stìdy=for=which=the=mechanical=properties=of= the= groìnd= were= known= with= sìfficient= accìracy= xNNz.= A= cb= OJa= model= was= set= ìp= and= then=exploited= in= aiana O= environment.= qhe= vertical= edges= of= the= model= were= kept= far= enoìgh= from= the=pertìrbed= zoneI= in= order= to= minimize= their= inflìence.= qhe= nodes= belonging= to= those= edges= were=restrained=by=means=of=spring=and=dampers=able=to=cìtJoff= the=wave=reflection.= fn=the=model=the=soil=

N44U=

was=described=as=a=layered=continììm=indefinitely=extendedI=sìpported=by=the=bedrock=at=NT=m=depth.=qhe= plane= deformation= condition= was= imposed= and= the= boìndary= nodes= respected= the= following=restraining= conditionsW= vertical= displacements= were= inhibited= at= the= nodes= belonging= to= the= lower=horizontal= edge;= horizontal= displacements= were= inhibited=at= the= nodes= belonging= to= both= the= lateral=vertical= edges.= aifferent= strategies= were= considered= for= the= insertion= of= the= pipes.= fn= any= case=settlements=lower=than=NM=mm=were=evalìated.===S. CONCiUSIONS =

qhe= seismic= rehabilitation= of= historical= constrìctions= is= an= important= issìeI= dìe= to= their= historical=importance= and= to= the= daily= presence= of= toìrists.= Besides= they= are= often= very= vìlnerable= even= to=moderate= events.= qraditional= techniqìes= are= not= sìitable= and= the= rehabilitation= mìst= gìarantee= the=preservation=of=the=original=monìmental=characteristicsI=identity=and=historical=valìe.=qherefore=ìse=of==new =technologies =is =advisableI =sìch =as =seismic =isolation. =qhese =reqìirements =are =gìaranteed =by =the =new=two=systems=presented=in=this=paperI=called=fnsertion of seismic devices in existing buildings=and=the=peismic isolation system for existing buildingI=respectively.===ACNOWiEDGEMENTS =

qhe= fnsertion of seismic devices in existing buildings= was =invented =by =o. =wagoI =i. =wambianchiI =d. =jarabello =and =p. =pcìttariI =and =patented =by =poles =EcorlìI =ftalyF. =qhe =peismic isolation system for existing building=was=invented=by=m. =`lementeI =A. =ae=ptefano=and=d. =Barla =and=patented=by=bkbA=and=molitecnico=di=qorino.=== =REFERENCES =

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xOz `lemente=m.I=Bìffarini=d.=EOMMUF=lptimization=`riteria=fn=aesign=lf=peismic=fsolated=Bìilding.=fnW=mrocKI OMMU peismic bngineering fnternational Conference commemorating the NVMU Messina and oeggio Calabria barthquake EMboCbADMUF.= mart= OWNPSSJNPTPI= American= fnstitìte= of=mhysicsI=rpA.=

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