SEISMIC MICROZONATION OF LIMA CITY - Chiba Uares.tu.chiba-u.jp/workshop/Peru2005/03 Aguilar PPT.pdf · SEISMIC MICROZONATION OF LIMA CITY GEOTECHNICAL LABORATORY – CISMID ... FIC

SEISMIC MICROZONATION OF LIMA CITY

GEOTECHNICAL LABORATORY – CISMID

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERÍA LIMA-PERÚFacultad de Ingeniería Civil

CENTRO PERUANO JAPONÉS DE INVESTIGACIONESSÍSMICAS Y MITIGACIÓN DE DESASTRES - CISMID

CENTRO PERUANO JAPONÉS DE INVESTIGACIONES SÍSMICAS Y MITIGACIÓN DE DESASTRES - CISMID

GRUPO DE INVESTIGADORES DEL LABORATORIO GEOTGRUPO DE INVESTIGADORES DEL LABORATORIO GEOTÉÉCNICOCNICO

ASESORES:Dr. Jorge Alva HurtadoM.I. Alberto Martinez VargasJEFE DE PROYECTO:Dr. Zenón Aguilar BardalesINGENIEROS:Ing. David Luna DuránIng. Milagro Castro Cuba ValenciaIng. Luis Chang ChangIng. Martín Rodriguez TrujilloIng. Fernando Lázares La RosaIng. Ronald Macazana EriqueIng. Roberth Aguilar Chuquimuni

BACHILLERESBach. Ramilo Piedra RubioBach. Doris VenerosBach. Juan Franco ZenozaínBach. César Luna FarahBach. Diana Calderón CahuanaBach. Marlene LimaymantaBach. Yeseña CantoralBach. Juan Pablo AldabaBach. Jorge Chávez ObregónBach. José Castro MitacBach. Alexei NájarBach. Juan Eduardo VelardeBach. Erick Bedriñana

TÉCNICOS:Víctor Valenzuela PalominoJulio Olavarría OlavarríaTomás Guerrero AsencioMarco Antonio RiveraJosé Bonifacio PérezPilar Ramos Aguilar


INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

- This study has been developed by CISMID – FIC – UNI, under the requirement of the APESEG (Peruvian Association of Insurance Companies).

- Basic information of topography, geology, geomorphology and soil mechanic has been compiled from former studies. A field exploration campaign was carried out to verify and complement the soil mechanic information. It included tests of both, single and array microtremor measurements to determine the dynamics behavior of soils.

- Based on this information a preliminary five zone microzonation map of Lima city is proposed, which is in accordance with the type of soils defined by the seismic design code.


TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF LIMA CITY

• Area: 3,924 Km2

• Shore Line of 65 Km.

• Gradient of 4% to 5% in the NE-SW direction

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LA HERRADURA

MORRO SOLAR

CALLAO

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LA PUNTA

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CHORRILLOS

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OCÉANO PACÍFICO

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SAN LORENZOISLA

San Miguel

M agdalena del Mar

San Isidro

Lince

Jesus Maria

Pueblo Libre

La VictoriaSan Luis

La Molina

La Perla

Cieneguilla

Lima (Cercado)

CallaoSan Martin de Porres

Independencia

Los Olivos

San Juan de Lurigancho

Santa Anita

RímacAte Vitarte

Chaclacayo

Lurigancho (Chosica)

Ventanilla

Comas

Puente Piedra

Carabayllo

Carmen de la Legua Reynoso

Bellavista Breña

San Borja

Surquillo

M iraflores

Barranco Santiago de Surco

San Juan de M iraflores

Villa Maria del Triunfo

Chorrillos Villa El Salvador

Lurin

Pachacamac

PUNTA HERMOSA

Río Chil

lón

Río

Lurin

Río L

urin

Río Rimac

Río Rimac

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OCEANO PACIFICO

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Instituto Geográfico Nacional (1999)Dolfus (1965) y A. Martínez Vargas (1975)

60CURVAS DE NIVEL

CONTORNOS BATIMÉTRICOS

DEPÓSITOS MARINOS

ANTIGUOS CANALES

CARRETERA

RIOS

LEYENDA


GEOLOGIC MAP OF LIMA CITY• Lima is located in the dejection

cone of Rimac and ChillonRivers.

• The alluvial deposits have a thickness of 400 to 600 m.

INGEMMET (1992) Ing. A. Martínez Vargas (1975)


GEOMORPHOLOGIC MAP OF LIMA CITY

Ing. A. Martínez Vargas (1975)


UNDERGROUND WATER TABLE IN LIMA CITY

• In the Rimac basin the ground-water table depth ranges from 5 to 70 m.

• In the Chillon basin the ground water table depth ranges from 5 to 40 m.

Ing. A. Martínez Vargas (1971)


GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATIONGEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION

A large number of soil mechanic studies were compiled to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the different types of soils. Furthermore, to verify and complement the compiled information, a geotechnical exploration program was carried out in each of the 42 district that were studied.

Manhole pits, SPT and DPL tests were carried out according to the type of soil and the quality of the available information.


GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION INGEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION INSAN MARTSAN MARTÍÍN DE PORRES DISTRICTN DE PORRES DISTRICT


GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION INGEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION INSAN JUAN DE LURIGANCHO SAN JUAN DE LURIGANCHO –– CHOSICA DISTRICTCHOSICA DISTRICT


GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION INGEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION INANCANCÓÓN DISTRICTN DISTRICT


GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION INGEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION INBARRANCO DISTRICTBARRANCO DISTRICT


GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILSGEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILSTo define the geotechnical characteristics of the soils a Type of Soil Map was developed, zoning the study area according to the following criteria:

This zone is conformed by thick alluvial deposits of the Rimac basin and of some sector of Chillon and Lurin basins. This type of soil covers a large portion of the study area, and present a good geomechanic behavior.

ALLUVIAL GRAVEL :

This zone is conformed by colluvial gravel that covers the hills slopes and the lower part of the outcropping rock that surrounds the city. These soil deposits present similar behavior than the alluvial gravel, however, in some sector they are cemented by soluble salts that make them collapsibles.

COLLUVIAL GRAVEL:


In this zone the alluvial gravel is covered by a 3 to 10 m thick sandy or siltysoil deposit, that conform the bearing layer of shallow foundation of conventional structures.

SAND AND SILT DEPOSITS WITH THICKNESS 10 m OR LESS:

SAND AND SILT DEPOSITS WITH THICKNESS FROM 10 TO 20 m:

In this zone the alluvial or colluvial gravel is covered by a 10 to 20 m thick sandy or silty soil deposit, which increase the dynamic response of the structures.

SAND AND SILT DEPOSITS WITH THICKNESS LARGER THAN 20 m:

In this zone the alluvial or colluvial gravel is covered by a sandy or silty soil deposit with thickness larger than 20 m. The seismic amplification due to the thickness and the basin effect in this area has generated large damage to structures in past earthquakes.


This zone is conformed by a sandy silt or clay with highly organic soils and peat, which thickness is less than 10 m, and the groundwater table is 1 to 3 m depth. Underlying are the alluvial gravel of the Rimac and Chillon basin.

CLAY AND ORGANIC SOIL DEPOSITS WITH THICKNESS 10 m 0R LESS:

This zone is conformed by a thick layer of gravel (10 to 20 m) that overlies a thick layer of clay. The gravel and clay layers alternate in depth. The groundwater table is 1 to 3 m depth.

THICK LAYERS OF GRAVEL AND CLAY:

This zone is conformed by a 5 to 15 m thick layer of soft saturated clay and organic soils. The groundwater table is 1 to 2 m depth. Underlying are the thick layers of gravel and clay that alternate in depth.

SOFT CLAY:


This zone is conformed by loose sandy soils of variable thickness, transported by the wind and deposited on the hills slopes. In several places they are cemented by soluble salts and present collapsible behavior.

EOLIC SAND:

This zone is conformed by clayish and organic soils where the groundwater table is at the surface. This soils present high compressibility and very low bearing capacity.

SWAMPY SOILS:

This zone is conformed by a 100.0 m width stripe along the shore, that constitute a discontinuity with 70 m high slopes. Besides it is conformed by firm alluvial gravel, seismic amplification and permanent deformation are expected during large earthquakes.

CLIFFS OF LIMA:


Stripe of beach conformed by saturated loose sand, that are potentially licuefactable under ground shaking.

MARINE SAND DEPOSITS:

This zone is conformed by solid waste deposits with thickness of 5 to 15 m, that formerly were located outside the urban area and at the present were urbanized. They present an erratic behavior and should not be used as ground foundation without treatment.

SOLID WASTE DEPOSITS:


MAP OF TYPE OF SOILS IN LIMA CITY

Ing A. Martínez Vargas (1975)CISMID (2003)


DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SOILSDYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SOILS

The dynamic behavior of soils was evaluated using microtremor measurements and SPAC analysis of array microtremor measurements. One-dimensional and two-dimensional response analysis were performed in places were soil profile information was available.


MICROTREMOR MEASURMENT EQUIPMENT


MICROTREMOR ARRAY MEASUREMENTSPAC METHOD


STRUCTURAL SOIL PROFILE


ONE DIMENSIONAL RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Vs = 239 m/s

Vs = 567 m/s

Vs = 833 m/s

Vs = 1000 m/s

p = 18 KN/m3

p = 20 KN/m3

p = 22 KN/m3

p = 25 KN/m3


RESPONSE SPECTRA

AT LA MOLINADISTRICT


NORMALIZED SPECTRAL RATIONORMALIZED SPECTRAL RATIOONE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS ONE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS –– LA PUNTA CALLAOLA PUNTA CALLAO

ENVOLVENTE DE COCIENTES ESPECTRALES NORMALIZADOS LA PUNTA-CALLAO

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or d

e A

mpl

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sismo 66(0.1g) sismo 70(01g) sismo 74(0.1g) sismo 66(0.2g) sismo 70(0.2g) sismo 74(0.2g)

ENVOLVENTE DE COCIENTES ESPECTRALES NORMALIZADOS LA PUNTA-CALLAO

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sismo 66(0.3g) sismo 70(0.3g) sismo 74(0.3g) sismo 66(0.4g) sismo 70(0.4g) sismo 74(0.4g)


TWO DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

STRATIGRAPHIC SOIL PROFILE AT LAS LAGUNAS, LA MOLINA DISTRICT


FEM MESHUrb. Las Lagunas, La Molina


SPECTRAL RATIO AT LAS LAGUNAS, LA MOLINA


STRATIGRAPHIC SOIL PROFILE ATEL REMANSO – LA MOLINA VIEJA – UNA


SPECTRAL RATIO: El Remanso – La Molina Vieja – UNA


LA PUNTA

ANCÓN

CHORRILLOS

OCÉANO PACÍFICO

SAN LORENZOISLA

PUNTA HERMOSA

HUAROCHIRÍ

Cieneguilla

Villa M aria del Triunfo

San Juande

M iraflores PachacamacChorrillos

Villa El Salvador

Lurín

CallaoSan M artin de Porres

Independencia

Los O livos

San Juan de Lurigancho

Rímac

Ate V itarte

Chaclacayo


Ventanilla

Comas

Puente Piedra

Carabayllo

Río Chillón

Río Rímac

Río Lur

ín

Río

Lurín

San M iguel

M agdalena del Mar

San Isidro

Lince

Jesus M aria

Pueblo Libre

La VictoriaSan Luis

SurquilloM iraflores

Santiago de Surco

La Molina

Barranco

La Perla

Lima (Cercado)

Santa Anita

Carmen de la Legua Reynoso

Bellavista Breña

San Borja

0 4 8 Km

Gráfico reducido del 1/100000

SIMBOLO

LEYENDA

0.4-0.5

0.5-0.6

0.6-0.7

>0.7

ZONA I

ZONA II

ZONA III

ZONA IV

(s)ZONAS

0.1-0.2

0.2-0.3

0.3-0.4

PERIODO

CISMID (2004)

MAP OF DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SOILS OF

LIMA


GEOTECHNICALGEOTECHNICAL SEISMICSEISMIC MICROZONATIONMICROZONATION OFOF LIMA LIMA CITYCITY

ZONE I: It is conformed by outcropping rock and thick alluvial gravel deposits of the Rímac y Chillón basin. The predominant period ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 sec. classifying as Type I Soil of the seismic code. This zone covers a large area of Lima city.

ZONE II: It is conformed by a layer of 3 to 10 m thick sandy and silty soil, that overlies the alluvial and colluvial gravel . The predominant period ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 sec. classifying as Type II Soil of the seismic code.

ZONE III: It is conformed by thick and loose sandy and silty soil deposits, mostly of eolic origin, that cover the northern and the southern part of the metropolitan area. The predominant period ranges from 0.5 to 0.7 sec. classifying as Type III Soil of the seismic code.


GEOTECHNICALGEOTECHNICAL SEISMICSEISMIC MICROZONATIONMICROZONATION OFOF LIMA LIMA CITYCITY

ZONE IV: It is conformed by thick deposits of loose eolic sand, saturated marine sand and swampy soils. In this zone were also included the deposits of thick gravel and clay layers located in La Punta and Callao districts, that present large amplification factors. The predominant period is larger than 0.7 sec. classifying as Type IV Soil of the seismic code.

ZONE V: It is conformed by localized solid waste deposits with thickness of 5 to 15 m that were used as foundation soils, and where several problems have been reported. In this zone a specific study is required to evaluate its dynamic behavior, therefore it was classified as Type V Soil, which is not considered in the seismic code.


LA PUNTA

ANCÓN

CHORRILLOS

HUAROCHIRÍ

SAN LORENZOISLA

OCÉANO PACÍFICO

1

34

5

6

2

Ventanilla

Rimac

San Martin de Porres


M agdalena del Mar

SurquilloM iraflores

Santiago de Surco

La Molina

Barranco

Cieneguilla

Villa Maria del Triunfo

San Juande

Miraflores PachacamacChorrillos

Villa El Salvador

Lurín

Chaclacayo

Carabayllo

Río Chi

llón

Río Lurí

n

Río

Lurín

Puente Piedra

0 4 8 Km

Gráfico reducido del 1/100000

Pueblo Libre

Callao

Comas

IndependenciaSan Juan de Lurigancho

San Miguel

San Isidro

Lince

Jesus Maria

Breña

Lima (Cercado)

La VictoriaSan Luis

San Borja

La Perla

Bellavista

Carmen de la Legua Santa Anita

Ate VitarteRío Rímac

Río Rímac

Los Olivos

CISMID (2004)

LEYENDA

1

ZONA IV

ZONA V

S4

Rellenos de desmontebasura ubicados

TIPODE SUELO

ZONA I S1

ZONA II S2

ZONA III S3

ZONAS SIMBOLO

GEOTECHNICAL SEISMIC MICROZONATION MAP OF

LIMA CITY

Documents

SEISMIC MICROZONATION OF LIMA CITY - Chiba Uares.tu.chiba-u.jp/workshop/Peru2005/03 Aguilar PPT.pdf · SEISMIC MICROZONATION OF LIMA CITY GEOTECHNICAL LABORATORY – CISMID ... FIC