Seeking Information

7/29/2019 Seeking Information

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SEEKING INFORMATION- helps to define and refine your research

topic

- skimming (reading quickly to get thegeneral or main ideas)

- scanning (going over a text to locate a

specific item/detail)

- decide if the material fits your research

needs


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There are 2 types of information:

1. Primary Information: the firsthand gathering of unpublished data

Sources: Interviews, surveys andobservation.

SEEKING INFORMATION


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2. Secondary Information :

sources of information that are alreadypublished

Sources: Books, Periodicals, Encyclopedias,

Dictionaries, Handbooks, Almanacs,

Index/Directories, Government publications,

Electronic databases, Websites, Internet

discussion groups and newsgroups,

conferences.

SEEKING INFORMATION


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PLAGIARISM Using information from a

secondary source without citing

the source and giving credit tothe author. By doing so, it leads

the reader to believe that the

words are your own. It is anunprofessional and unethical

behavior.


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HOW TO KNOW WHEN YOU ARE

PLAGIARISING ? Any material, ideas, results, or comparison are

taken from another source and not referenced

appropriately.

Materials taken from one source are referenced as

another source to confuse the reader and make

the work appear original.

Materials are taken as a direct quote from another

source and not indicated in quotation marks withinyour work.

The words of the original author are replaced by

synonyms, but the structure and content remains

largely unaltered.


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How to Avoid Plagiarism?

2 ways:

Quotations Citations(for both, APA format is adopted)


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APA Style: Two Main

Concerns Reference

Page Parenthetical

Citations


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APA Style: Reference Page A list of every source that you

make reference to in your

essay.

Provides the information

necessary for a reader tolocate and retrieve any

sources cited in your essay.

Each retrievable source cited

in the essay must appear onthe reference page, and vice

versa.


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APA Style: Reference Page

Shell Shock 12References

Fussell, P. (1975). The Great War and modern memory. New

York: Oxford UP.

Marcus, J. (1989). The asylums of Antaeus: Women, war, and

madnessis there a feminist fetishism? In H. A. Veeser

(Ed.), The New Historicism (pp. 132-151). New York:

Routledge.

Mott, F. W. (1916). The effects of high explosives upon the

central nervous system. The Lancet, 55(2), 331-38.

Showalter, E. (1997). Hystories: Hysterical epidemics and modern

media. New York: Columbia UP.


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APA Style: Reference Page

Most citations should

contain the following

basic information:

Authors name

Title of work

Publication information(date, publisher, place

of publication etc.)


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APA Style: Some Examples of

Reference Book

Shay, J. (1994). Achilles in Vietnam:

Combat trauma and the undoing ofcharacter. New York: Touchstone.

Article in a Magazine

Klein, J. (1998, October 5). Dizzy days.

The New Yorker, 40-45.


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Reference Web page

Poland, D. (1998, October 26). The hot

button. Roughcut. Retrieved October

28, 1998 from http://www.roughcut.com.

A source with no known author

Cigarette sales fall 30% as California taxrises. (1999, September 14). New York

Times, p. A17.
http://www.roughcut.com/http://www.roughcut.com/


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Reference

A newspaper article

Tommasini, A. (1998, October 27). Masterteachers whose artistry glows in private.

New York Times, p. B2.


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QUOTATION Quoting means to repeat another

source word for word, using

quotation marks.


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QUOTATIONHandling Quotes in Your Text Authors last name, publication year, and page number(s) of

quote must appear in the text

Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequentlyentails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance ofhallucinations and other intrusive phenomena(p.11).

A traumatic response frequently entails a delayed,uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations andother intrusive phenomena (Caruth, 1996, p.11).


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CITATIONWhen Should You Use Parenthetical

Citations?

When summarizing facts and ideasfrom a source

Summarizing means to takeideas from a large passage ofanother source and condensethem, using your own words

When paraphrasing a source Paraphrasing means to use the

ideas from another source butchange the phrasing into yourown words


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Handling Parenthetical Citations

CITATIONRecently, the history of warfare has been significantly

revised by Higonnet et al (1987), Marcus (1989), and Raitt and

Tate (1997) to include womens personal and cultural

responses to battle and its resultant traumatic effects. Feminist

researchers now concur that It is no longer true to claim that

women's responses to the war have been ignored (Raitt &

Tate, p. 2). Though these studies focus solely on women's

experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating the

masculine-centered impressions originating in Fussell (1975)and Bergonzi (1996).

However, Tylee (1990) further criticizes Fussell, arguing

that his study treated memory and culture as if they belonged

to a sphere beyond the existence of individuals or the control of

institutions (p. 6).


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Handling Parenthetical Citations

Sometimes additional information is necessary . . More than one author with the same last name

(H. James, 1878); (W. James, 1880)

Two or more works in the same parentheses(Caruth, 1996; Fussell, 1975; Showalter, 1997)

Work with six or more authors

(Smith et al, 1998)

Specific part of a source

(Jones, 1995, chap. 2)


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Handling Parenthetical

Citations If the source has no known author, then use

an abbreviated version of the title:

Full Title: California Cigarette Tax DetersSmokers

Citation: (California, 1999)


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Keys to Parenthetical

CitationsReadability

Keep references brief

Give only informationneeded to identify the

source on your reference

page

Do not repeat

unnecessary information


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Where can you go for additional

help with APA documentation?

Purdue University Writing

Lab

Grammar Hotline:

(765) 494-3723

Check our web site:http://owl.english.purdue.edu

Email brief questions:[email protected]
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/

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