Seed Propagation

• Many horticulture plants are propagated by seeds. Seed germination depends on factors like maturity, viability , availability of water, oxygen and temperature.

• Some seeds have dormancy or hard seed coat. Such seeds like palm, ber, teak, etc. require some treatment for inducing germination.

• Cracking of seed coat by mechanical means, abrasion, soaking in water or acid and stratification are some methods used to boost germination. Viability of seeds must be tested before sowing.

Seed Propagated Plants: Papaya, Palms, Tomato, Cole crops, Teak, Marigold, Aster, Amla, Annona, Durian, Litchi etc.

Vegetative Propagation by Rooting

Stock Division• This Method is used in plants producing cluster of rooted stems.

Plants are divided at late growing season to obtain several new

plants.

• During the division process, old part of the plant is removed.

This technique rejuvenates the old plant. e.g. Spathophyllum,

Anthurium, etc.

Process of Stock Division Method of Propagation

Sucker Division

There are two types of sucker

division methods:

1. Sucker grows from the bud,

located on root neck or roots,

close to surface. e.g. Raspberry

and Blackberry propagation

2. Sucker grows from bud on the

rhizome, which is a horizontal

underground stem. e.g. Banana,

CannaProcess of Banana Propagation

Runner Division

• After fruiting, the plant begins to

grow several runners. Each

runner produces roots where it

touches the soil to form a new

plant.

• The new plant is detached from

the mother plant and used for

plantation in the nursery or

field. e. g. Strawberry,

Propagation of Strawberry by runner

Layering

Air Layering• Air layering method is practiced on growing shoots of young

branches.

• 2 cm wide ring of bark is stripped off 20 cm away from branch

tip. Wound is applied with a rooting hormone and covered with

rooting material and finally tied with a transparent polythene

strip. e.g. Litchi, Guava, Pomegranate and mango etc.

Process of Air layering

Propagation by Cuttings

• Cuttings are derived from

branches. Cuttings are harvested

1 meter away from the tree trunk.

• Good cuttings should be 20-25

cm long and 1-2 cm thick.

• Insert these cuttings into soil with

2-3 buds below soil surface. e.g.

Grape, Dieffenbachia, Croton, Fig

etc.

Stem Cutting

Vegetative Propagation by Budding

T-budding

• Cut on stock is taken at 20-25 cm above the surface. T shaped

cut with 2 cm vertical and 7-8 mm horizontal on the rootstock

branch.

• Separate the selected bud from mother plant in shape of shield

with cambium tissue attached to it and insert shield shape bud

in to T shaped cut made on rootstock.

• Incision is wrapped tightly with budding tape without covering

the bud. Union take place in 3-4 weeks after which the tape

should be removed.

Inverted T-budding

• Inverted T budding is similar to T budding method with an

exception that horizontal cut is made at the bottom end of vertical

cut on the rootstock.

Process of Inverted T Budding

Whip Grafting• Whip grafting is used to graft thin stems. Scion should have 2 or 3

buds below which the union is made.

• First cut is 2-5 cm sloping cut at bottom of the scion. Second cut is

made at 1/3 cm from tip of the first cut.

• Same process is repeated inversely on the rootstock. e.g. Pear ,

apple.

Process of Whip Grafting

Vegetative Propagation by Grafting

Approach Grafting

• Trees such as mango are propagated by approach grafting.

Rootstock and Scion are given similar cuts at appropriate

height. The two stems are held and tied together with polythene

tape. After the union, scion is detached from mother plant.

Process of Approach Grafting