Lamont's 10-Point Peace Program

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OPPOSITION GROWS TO QUEM OY POLICY$18,000 Fund to Mark

Militant’s 30th YearBy George Lavan

National Fund Drive Director

A goodly num ber of our readers th in k of the M ilita n t as a “ new ” newspaper be­cause i t is new to them. These are the subscribers and newsstand patrons who have made th is paper’s acquaintance in th e ir search fo r an understanding of the develop­ments since the Soviet 20th Congress and in the course of the present movement fo r united socialist e lectoral activ ities.

T he ir continued and increasing patronage is welcome testim ony to the fact that they find in the M ilita n t news and opinions not available elsewhere. B u t as an older, lo n g -fa ith fu l body of readers can testify , th is paper is fa r from being a newcomer in the field of working-class journa lism in Am erica.

In fact th is autum n the M i l­ita n t celebrates its 30th b ir th ­day. I t is in commemoration of that h is to ric event tha t the campaign to raise $18,000 be­tween Sept. 15 and Dec. 15 has been designated the M ilitant 30th Anniversary Fund Drive.L IN E OF C O N TIN U ITY

We referred to the founding o f the M ilita n t as h is to ric — and we do not th row tha t ad­jective around loosely. O nly those who consider the class struggle and the socialist move­m ent as of no significance or irre levan t to Am erica can p roperly quarre l w ith tha t de­scrip tion. For the founding of the M ilita n t ensured the con­tinua tion of active M arx is t though t and education in th is country. A t a tim e when the established w orkers ’ movements and th e ir journa ls were flow ing in to the d ry sands o f social re fo rm ism w hich we recognize today as m ilk -and-w ate r, State D epartm ent “ socialism," o r in to the swamp of S talinism , the cu r­ren t o f revo lu tiona ry socialism in Am erica continued to flow s tra igh t and clean through the M ilita n t.

Thirty years *is a long time by the longevity standards of the radical press in this coun­try. Cast a glance back and note how the field is strewn v/ilh the wrecks of radical newspapers. The survivors are few. Outstanding among them is the M ilitant. Neither its friends nor enemies w ill deny its influence today among those seeking the reconstitution of a large and effective socialist movement in America.

N or do its friends or enemies have the least doubt tha t the M ilita n t w il l be on the scene next year and the next — as long as there is a w orking-class press in Am erica. They know th is not because the M ilita n t is a m oney-m aking newspaper, w h ich i t isn't, but because past and present evidence shows th a t the M ilita n t's readers do more than read it — they sus­ta in it. Again th is fa ll M ilita n t readers w il l d ig deep, forego many personal expenditures, and make th e ir financial con­tr ib u tio n s to the advancement and guidance o f the Am erican w orkers ’ struggle fo r a new society. This process has in fact already begun as you can see from the scoreboard on page one. $2,145.21 lias already been raised.30 YEARS OF STRUGGLE

To leaf through the bound volumes o f the M ilita n t since 1928 is an ins truc tive and im -

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FUND SCOREBOARDC ity Quota Paid Percent

N EW AR K ............. . $ 265 $ 110.00 42SAN DIEGO ....... 300 115.00 38T W IN C IT IES ..... 1,742 503.30 29CHICAG O ........... 1,000 278.00 28D ETR O IT ............. 600 140.00 23ST. LO U IS ........... 80 16.00 20P H IL A D E L P H IA 528 97.25 18Los Angeles ....... . 4,600 510.00 11Seattle ................... 550 50.00 9Youngstown ......... 300 25.00 8San Francisco ..... 440 30.00 7New Y ork ........... . 4,500 235.66 5A llen tow n ............ 112 — —Boston ................... 450 — —Buffa lo ................. 1,500 — —Cleveland ............. 750 — —Denver ................. 50 — —M ilw aukee ........... 250 — —Oakland ............... 300 — —P ittsburgh ........... 10 — —South ...................... 200 — —General ................. — 35.00 —

Totals throughSept. 30 ................. . $18,527 $2,145.21 12

New Yorkers New YorkersThe Militant Labor Forum

Opens Celebration of the 30th Anniversary of

THE M ILITANTWith a Gala Dinner

Special Feature:

Farrel DobbsNational Secretary, Socialist Workers Party reports on the class struggle in Europe

today. He recently toured Europe as M ilitan t special correspondent.

Racist Grip Weakens In Little Rock

By John ThayerThough set back on the ir

heels by the firmness of the Supreme Court ru lin g in the L it t le Rock school desegrega­tion case. Gov. Faubus of A r ­kansas, Gov. A lm ond of V ir ­ginia. and the ir racist support­ers continue to prevent the in ­tegration of Negro school ch ib dren. Proclam ations of Faubus and A lm ond have closed schools in L it t le Rock and the three V irg in ia cities o f N orfo lk , C har­lo ttesv ille and F ront Royal. The Eisenhower adm in istra tion is tak ing no steps to reopen1 these schools. Its sole strategy ap­pears to be to ou tw a it the seg­regationist governors w h ile p re ­venting them from reopening the schools as “ p riva te ,” seg­regated institu tions.NEW DODGE

Though Faubus’ phony L it t le Rock P riva te School C orpor­ation was enjoined by a federal court from “ leasing” the closed school build ings, i t announced or, Oct. 1 tha t i t w ould set up segregated schools in private bu ild ings and appealed fo r pub­lic donations o f the necessary funds. Since such a huge sum cannot be raised easily, i t may be tha t Faubus has w orked out a deal w ith the offic ia ls of other Southern states w hereby they w ould make donations o f the ir state funds to the L it t le Rock P riva te School Corporation.

The Supreme C ourt decision of Sept. 29 forbade a stale to use money, bu ild ings, etc., " to deny any person w ith in its ju risd ic tion the equal protection of the laws." By sending money to L it t le Rock, M ississippi, fo r example, w ould not be denying the r ig h t of equal schooling to persons "w ith in its ju risd ic tio n " bu t to the Negro ch ildren of another state.

Use of such a loophole w ould o f course be unconstitu tional, bu t m ight serve, in v iew of W ashington’s w a iting strategy, to delay in tegra tion fo r more

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Saturday, October 18 8 P.M.

116 University Place A t 13th Street

Contribution: $1.50 (Program only: $1) Phone ALgonquin 5-7852 for reservations

Minimum Settlement at Chrysler Too

OCTOBER 1 — A three-year agreement c o v e r i n g 62.000 C hrysler w orkers was signed today by the U nited A uto Workers. The wage and fringe- benelit terms of the new con­tract are reported ly the same as those in the Ford agreement negotiated by U A W president W alter Reuther tw o weeks ago. (The Ford agreement, according to the Sept. 27 Business Week magazine, w il l cost the com­pany exactly noth inq over what was already provided fo r in the previous contract.)

The new C hrysler agreement also puts add itiona l restrictions on the righ t of local unions to s trike over local issues and p ro ­vides fo r p lan t-w ide and l im ­ited com pany-w ide seniority.

Negotiations between the un­ion and General Motors C or­poration continued today as the Oct. 2 s trike deadline approach­ed. Agreem ent is expected m om entarily on terms s im ila r to those at Ford and Chrysler. One po in t o f difference, how ­ever, is the union demand fo r the e lim ina tion of G M ’s prac­tice of paying low er rates than Ford and C hrysler fo r certain job classifications.

The GM strike deadline, o r­ig in a lly set fo r Sept. 30, was postponed by Reuther w h ile he appealed fo r a ha lt to strikes effecting 45,000 GM workers. The strikes were not au thoriz­ed by the in te rnationa l union and m a in ly involved attempts by w orkers in local unions to fight speed-up and company a t­tacks on in -p lan t union repre­sentation. (See story, page four.) S im ila r strikes effected several Ford plants even a fte r the Ford agreement and id led 27,000 C hrysler w orkers as of last weekend.

F a r-E a s t B rin km e n

Secretary of Stale John Foster Dulles confers w ith Adm iral Radford and Congressman Gordon, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. A ll three are involved in the ef­fort to save the Chiang Kai-shek dictatorship even at the risk of world war.

'Public Opinion Be Damned' An Editorial

N oth ing more c learly exposed the contem pt B ig Business ru le rs in th is coun­t r y have fo r the Am erican people than the controversy over V ice-President N ix ­on’s charge, Sept. 20, of “ sabotage” in the State Departm ent. A n employe there ans­wered a N.Y. Times query about m a il w ith the in fo rm ation th a t 80% opposed the adm in is tra tion ’s po licy in Quemoy.

The mere reporting of the opin ion of people who took the tim e to make the ir views know n was considered by N ixon as almost treasonous. W a lte r L ippm an scold­ed the Vice-President fo r his irresponsible charges. He w rote, “ M r. N ixon m ust not make such reckless and unfounded accu­sations against innocent men. They are a rem inder tha t there is s t il l w ith us the old N ixon, whom the new N ixon is sup­posed to have outgrown. For i t was the practice of the old N ixon to im p ly tha t those w ith whom he did not agree were on the verge of treason.”

N ixon made it clear tha t in his op in­ion the po licy of th is governm ent cannot be made by the Am erican people. He said, “ I f we indulge in the k ind of th in k in g w hich assumes tha t fo re ign policy deci­sions should be made on the basis of op in­ion polls, we m igh t as w e ll decide now to surrender our position of w o rld lead­ership. . •”

N ixon recalled that when he sat in Congress as a representative o f the people in C a lifo rn ia , “ the overw he lm ing prepon­derance” of his constituents opposed the Trum an Doctrine in Greece and Turkey. However, tha t fact d id not determ ine

N ixo n ’s stand. He supported the Trum an Doctrine.

Backing N ixon, Secretary of State Dulles said, “ C e rta in ly you cannot a llow your fo re ign po licy to be d ictated by pub­lic opin ion.” A nd to show th a t i t never was allowed, he recalled tha t in 1939-40 polls showed tha t “ 95% of the Am erican people were s trong ly dpposed to the U n it­ed States ge tting in to the W orld W ar.”

The opinions of the Am erican people are one th ing. The po licy pursued by the governm ent is the opposite. Yet a ll the cap ita lis t po litic ians p u rp o rt to favo r democracy, w h ich by de fin ition means the ru le of the people. In the U n ited States the people not on ly do not ru le but even th e ir attem pts to in fluence fore ign po licy are contem ptuously disregarded by th e ir officials.

A lm ost a ll the cap ita lis t po litic ians exp la in th e ir d isregard of the people’s w il l on fore ign po licy on the ground tha t pub lic opinion is not in form ed. They should know how much in fo rm a tion the pub lic lacks fo r they conduct fore ign a f­fa irs as much as possible in secret. The Am erican people are not consulted. They are not even to ld w ha t “ th e ir ” govern­ment is doing.

O nly socialists have enough fa ith in democracy to believe tha t the people should determ ine fore ign policy. We have long proposed tha t U.S. invo lvem ent in any and a ll wars should be subm itted to a referendum vote of the Am erican peo­ple. We believe tha t the people should not on ly discuss fore ign policy but decide it. Those who have to figh t the wars should make the decisions.

Dulles Hints At Pull-Out From Island

OCT. 2 — Popular opposition to helping Chaing Kai-shek re ­ta in the Quemoy and Matsu islands (located a few m iles off the Chinese coast) continues to mount. On Sept. 27, the N.Y. Times disclosed that "p ub lic m ail to the S late D epartm ent on the Quemoy situa tion has been steadily increasing and is runn ing h e a v ily " against the A dm in is tra tion 's decision to de­fend the offshore islands. About 80 % of the m ail is opposed — the same ra tio as opposes the Quemoy po licy in m a il to Con­gressmen and to the W hite House.

The popular opposition has helped sp lit the Am erican ru l­ing class over th is aspect of its Far East policy. On Sept. 27, the N.Y. Times, a leading spokesman fo r B ig Business, re ­p rin ted a 1955 ed ito ria l u rg ing evacuation o f Quemoy and M a t­su coupled w ith a new pledge to Chiang Kai-shek to defend h im on Formosa. On Sept. 20, fo rm er'S enato r Lehman of New York, jo ined the grow ing lis t o f prom inent Democrats w ho have e x p r e s s e d themselves against backing Chiang over Quemoy.

The popular opposition at home plus tha t of the U.S. governm ent's European allies (who also confront popular op­position to w ar w ith China) has forced Secretary of State D u l­les to conciliate somewhat to the a n ti-w a r sentiment.

C R ITIC IZE S C H IAN G

In his Sept. 30 press confer­ence, Dulles critic ized Chiang Kai-shek’s m ilita ry bu ild -up on Quemoy and Matsu and said he favored “ reduction” of a rm ­ed forces on the offshore is­lands i f the People’s Republic of China w ould accept a cease­fire. (The Formosa d ic ta to r has posted about a th ird o f his 600,000-man arm y on the is­lands.)

D ulles’ statement was repu­diated by Chiang Kai-shek the next day. “ I doubt th a t his | D u lles ’ | rem arks could be construed to mean tha t he w ou ld expect us to reduce our garrison forces on the offshore islands,” the Generalissimo in ­sisted.

On Oct. 1, came reassuring words to Chiang, V'hen Eisen­hower, at his press conference becked D ulles’ statement but expressed doubt tha t Chinese Communists w ou ld agree to a cease-fire.

Thus the A dm in is tra tion is caught between tw o strong pres­sures: tha t of Chiang and his China Lobby backers in the U nited States and th a t of g row ­ing popular opposition to w ar in defense of the discredited Formosa d ictator.

N.Y. Independent-Socialists Fight Ballot Challenge, Expand Activity

NEW YORK, Oct. 1 — S till in the th ick of a legal battle to block the Democratic Party from kaeping i t off the ballo t, the Independent-Socialist ticke t is energetica lly organizing its next tw o m ajor activ ities. Sup­porters of the ticke t are now ring ing doorbells and using the telephone to assure a packed ha ll fo r its campaign ra lly Tues­day, Oct. 7. On Saturday, Oct. 11, the Independent-Socialists w il l open an intensive campaign against the D ulles-Chiang w ar provocations w ith a mass dem ­onstration in fro n t of the Na­tiona lis t Chinese UN delegation office at the Em pire State B u ild ing .

Meanw'hile, a decision is ex­pected in the next several days from the Departm ent o f State on challenges of the Indepen­dent-Socialist nom inating posi­tions. A hearing on the cha l­lenges, w h ich w'ere filed by three members of the state law' committee of the Democratic Party , w'as held in A lbany, Sept. 29, before B arne tt J.

Nova, Executive D eputy to Tammany Boss Carm ine De- Sapio who is New Y o rk Secre­ta ry of State. Legal spokesmen fo r the Independent-Socialists w'ere David Freedman of New Y ork and M orris Zuckm an of A lbany. The challengers were represented by Andrew P in ck ­ney, an A lbany patronage ap­pointee o f the H arrim an adm in­istration. The hearing also con­sidered the challenge made by the same people against the Socialist Labor Party.

The case against accepting the Independent-Socialist and SLP petitions was actua lly p re ­sented by the “ im p a rtia l” D i­rector of the State Election and Law Bureau, Robert B rady, an­other DeSapio appointee. His b ill o f particu la rs underscored tha t the move against the tw o m ino rity parties is the rawest kind of a po litica l fram e-up.27 N AM ES D ISPUTED

Q a lifica tion fo r the ballo t rcqi ires the signatures of 12,- 000 registered voters, w ith a m in im um o f 50 from each coun-

I ty. The Independent-Socialists filed 27.000 signatures, w ith w e ll over 50 in each county. The challenge against them now boils down to 27 disputed sig­natures — and a ll o f these d is­puted on the flim s ies t of tech­n ica lities !

The orig ina l challenge assert­ed tha t the pe tition fa iled to meet regulations in ten count­ies. B u t even p rio r to the hear­ing, the Board of E lections was forced to narrow' th is down to three counties, conceding a ll re ­quirem ents had been m et in the other seven.

A t the hearing, Commissioner B rady argued tha t in Yates county, on ly 49 signatures should be considered va lid ; In Wayne county, 43 and in Schoharie county, 29. In no case w'as it claimed tha t less than 50 regis­tered voters had signed the petitions. In Schoharie county, i t w'as argued tha t a num ber of registered voters should be disqualified because th e ir ad­dresses were “ incom plete.” A c ­tua lly , the addresses shown on

Die petitions were more com­plete than those listed by the C ounty Board of E lections or even by the Post Office. In the other tw o counties the charge w'as that m ino r t e c h n i c a l changes in address lis tings had been made w ith o u t being in it ­ialed by the person w itnessing the petition .

The Socialist Labor Party , w h ich filed over 16.000 signa­tures, was challenged in 21 counties. Here too, the b u lk o f the challenge specifications were based on charges of technical irregu la rities .

Recognizing in advance the slim prospect of a fa ir decision from De Sapio, the Indepen­dent-Socialist P a rty ins titu ted legal action in advance to per­m it appeal to the State Su­preme C ourt i f th is should be necessary. The DeSapio forces are now try in g to b lock such court action on the fantastic ground th a t the deputy who o ffic ia lly accepted the petitions was not qua lified to accept ser-

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the MILITANTPUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE W O RKING PEOPLE

NEW YORK, N.Y., MONDAY. OCTOBER 6. 1958 Price 10c222Vol. X X II — No. 40

Pag© Two T H E M I L I T A N T Monday, October 6, 1958

Campaigning For Socialism In Michigan

A lthough tho election campaign of the Socialist W ork­ers P arty in M ichigan is not yet in fu ll gear i t promises to be the most successful ever held by the SWP in th isstate. ♦----------------------------------------------------

The slate headed by Frank Love ll and Evelyn Sell, can­didates fo r Governor and U.S.Senator respectively, has a l­ready addressed more local union meetings than SWP can­didates d id du fing en tire cam­paigns of previous years. In spite of the reluctance o f o f­ficia ls to give w orking-class candidates the same opportun­ities that they so eagerly ex­tend to cap ita lis t politic ians, an estimated 1,500 w orkers from 20 union locals have heard the program fo r socialism. In some cases, candidates got the floor on ly because of pressure from the rank and file at the meet­ing. The ir b rie f ta lks have proved very effective. Serious questions have been asked from the floor, and unionists have fo llow ed the candidates out of the meeting to continue dis­cussions.ENCOURAG EM ENT

A pprox im a te ly 23,000 election p la tfo rm s and leaflets have been d is tribu ted , ch ie fly at uqion meetings and along un­employm ent lines. The d is tr ib u ­tors get a w arm response and words of e n c o u r a g e m e n t . “ Y ou ’re doing a good jo b ” and “ This is true, keep at i t ” are frequent responses heard by the campaigners. A t one union ha ll a Negro w orker was so impressed w ith the p la tfo rm tha t instead of going inside the ha ll, he stood alongside the d is­tr ib u to r to urge others to read it. "Take one," he said, "they 're figh ting a good cause — like G handi in Ind ia . And they 'll w in some day. They have to." Often, workers stop to discuss: "B u t w hat can we do? They make us go to w ar."

Comments on the program fo r fu l l em ploym ent reflect the fact that D e tro it has been hardest h it by the recession. One un ionist rem arked tha t Laura G ray ’s cartoon, “ L ive P lants — Dead Men; Dead Plants — L ive Men,” was “ a l­most perfect except th a t we’re rea lly dead men now.” Another, a fte r studying the leaflet, tu rn ­ed to a group of men and ob­served “ these people have the on ly th ing near an answer that I ’ve heard ye t.”NO RED B A IT IN G

One k ind of response — red­ba iting — has been conspic­uously absent throughout the campaign. An o ld tim er voiced vigorous opposition to the sub­versive lis t to a dozen men w a itin g fo r a union meeting to begin. “ A n y th in g the F B I is against, I ’m for. Back in 1918- 1919 they said they were lo o k ­ing fo r d ra ft dodgers. They were rea lly hun ting union o r­ganizers.”

W ork ing class neighborhoods learn tha t socialism is on the bs llo t th is year through the sound-equipped campaign car. M ilita n t union songs bring a t­ten tion to the placards on top Of the car. One man expressed a desire to have a s im ila r sign o il his car “ because i f you keep going lik e this, maybe so­cialists w il l w in .”

This k ind of reaction has stim ulated fiends of the SWP to more intensive partic ipa tion in the campaign. For example, when an active supporter lea rn ­ed tha t it w ould not be pos­sible to order more copies of the election p la tfo rm because o f insu ffic ient funds, she im ­m ediate ly made a down pay­m ent on a pledge to pay the h igh p rin tin g costs.

It is obvious tha t the mood of the w orkers in th is state is nq longer the quiescence of ten or even tw o years ago. The in ­a b ility of e ither cap ita lis t party to solve the acute unem ploy­ment crisis is becoming in ­creasingly apparent. On Sept. 14. i t was estimated tha t a l­most 500.000 peoplje in the state of M ichigan were jobless. In the D e tro it area, some 300.- 000 out of a to ta l population o f over three m illio n are un ­employed. Beside the te rrib le p riva tions caused by th is " re ­cession," there is the added burden of fear and apprehen­sion of a th ird w o rld war.VOTE ON W AR

The urgent need fo r action today to eradicate these tw in evils — unem ploym ent and w a r — is recognized by the SWP program. It calls fo r the Im mediate w ith d ra w a l of all troops from foreign soil and fo r a perm anent ha lt to the production and testing of nu­clear weapons. I t demands that everyone have the r ig h t to vote on w ar or peace through a national referendum .

As a firs t step tow ard fu l l

employment, the program calls fo r a 30-hour week at 40 hours pay. I t proposes a debt m ora­to rium to ha lt foreclosures and evictions; unem ploym ent com­pensation at trade union wages fo r the en tire lay-o ff perod; end governm ent operation u n ­der w orkers ' contro l of plants shut down by cut-backs, ru n ­aways and decentralization.

F irs t class citizenship fo r a ll, an end to segregation and po­lice b ru ta lity , the repeal o f the Sm ith Act and the T a ft-H a rtle y law are fu r th e r demands of the SWP on the im portan t issues of c iv il libe rties and c iv il rights.

To replace reliance on the flunkeys of e ither B ig Business party, SWP candidates advo­cate the fo rm ation of an in ­dependent labor party.

Wisconsin SWP Files Petitions

N om inating petitions conta in­ing 11,000 signatures were filed in Madison, Wisconsin on Sept. 22 to name Wayne Leverenz and James E. Boulton, Socialist W orkers P arty candidates fo r Governor and U.S. Senator, on the Independent colum n in the November elections.

Wayne Leverenz was recent­ly reinstated to fu l l righ ts in his union at the in it ia tiv e of Ralph Helstein, In te rna tiona l President of the U nited Pack­inghouse W orkers. Leverenz had been removed from his post on the CIO Council and barred from a ll office in Local 40 U PW A fo r allege^ v io la tion of the E th ica l Practices Code. He had spoken fo r the e lim i­nation of the an ti-red clause from a proposed m erger con­s titu tion fo r the un ited A F L - CIO in Wisconsin.

United Campaign In Seattle

Je rry Barre tt, candidate of the United L ibe ra l and So­cia list P arty fo r State Senate in the 32nd (U n ive rs ity ) dis­tr ic t in Seattle, is a senior at the U n ive rs ity of Washington. The 28-year old Korean War veteran accepted the nom ina­tion of the new party, saying tha t he would campaign “ as a Socialist.” B a rre tt partic ipated in the successful campaign to prevent the re-election o f State Senator Canwell, chairman of the state Un-Am erican A c t iv i­ties Committee, w hich brought the w itch -hun t on the U of W campus and in the Seattle la ­bor movement. When Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer was re­fused the r ig h t to speak at the U n ive rs ity of Washington in February 1955, Je rry B arre tt was in the leadership o f the protest m ovem ent tha t fo llo w ­ed.

Lamont's 10-Point Peace ProgramBy Daniel Roberts

Corliss Lam onl, Independent Socialist P a rly candidate fo r U.S. Senator from New York, has presented a ten-po in t fo r­eign po licy tha t deserves wide discussion in the radical move­ment. M any points in it are ex ­cellent, I believe. Others are questionable in the ir present form , and s ti l l others, I th ink , are wrong.

The ten points, presented over Station W NYC, on Sept. 20, are as fo llows:

(1) For the achievement of peace and the abo lition of war.

Under this heading, Lam ont entered an im portan t reserva­tion. “ When I speak of in te r­national w a r,” he said, “ I do not mean to include genuine c iv il wars w hich may take place in th is country or that. Much as I p re fer a settlement of domestic issues in every land through peaceful and democratic methods, I do not th in k tha t we can deny the righ t o f an oppressed people to resort fo revo lu tion .”URGES P U LLO U T

(2) For an im m ediate w ith ­draw al of U.S. m ilita ry forces from the Quemoy-Matsu area and from Formosa.

(3) For U nited States recog­n ition of the Chinese People’s Republic, admission of tha t country to the U nited Nations and a seat on the UN security council to replace Chiang K a i- shek's “ rum p regime.”

(4) For the immediate w ith ­draw al of U.S. Marines from Lebanon and of the S ixth Fleet from the Mediterranean Sea.

(5) Dismissal of Secretary of State John Foster Dulles.

Under this point, Lam ont said: " I f in te rna tiona l peace is to come. Secretary Dulles must go! In the interests of Am erica and a ll hum anity, i t is tim e for President Eisenhower to dismiss M r. Dulles as his Secreary of State. I suggest that Harold Stassen, a member of his own party, who has w orked hard and sincerely fo r disarmament, should replace h im ."

(6) For a ban now on testing and eventual abo lition of nu­clear weapons.

(7) For drastic w o rldw ide dis­arm ament and the banning of bacteriological w a r f a r e andpoison gas.

(8) Le t us end the cold war.(9) Reunification of Germany

as a democratic, neutra l coun­try .

” . . . East Germ any and West Germany should reunite as a peaceful, democratic, neu­tra l nation belonging ne ither to the Soviet-led bloc of European countries nor to the American- led bloc represented by N ATO Germany w ould then serve as a bu ffe r state between the A t lantic Powers, on the one hand.

and Soviet Russia and the East­ern European People’s Repub­lics, on the other hand.”

(10) For a new sum m it con­ference.

I believe the best parts of Lam ont’s presentation are his defense of the righ t of revo lu ­tion, the demand that A m e ri­can troops be w ithd raw n from m ilita ry bases abroad (there are 950 of these he pointed out in his radio ta lk ), his defense of the Chinese revo lu tion and his explanation to the A m e ri­can people that the .Soviet gov­ernm ent does not d rive fo r war. V IT A L D IS TIN C TIO N

These points m ark him off as a socialist campaigner. The d is tilla tion between him and all Democrats and Republicans is clear cut on the issue of the F a r E a s t c r i s i s . Many Democratic a n d Republican critics of the adm in is tra tion ’s Quemov po licy are ca lling for a pu ll-ou t from the off-shore islands, but they are fo r p rop­ping C hiang’s d icta torsh ip on Taiwan. They w ant the Seventh Fleet to rem ain as his protector and w ould com m it the United States to w ar w ith China should Chiang's position be threatened on Taiwan.

Lam ont on the other hand demands no in te rvention in China's c iv il w a r (tha t is how he correctly defines the strug­gle between the Chiang regime and the m ainland), w ithd raw a l of a ll Am erican forces from the area and recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the only leg itim a te government of tha t country.

My critic ism s o f Lam ont’s program center on the fo llo w ­ing points:

F irs t, w h ile I th in k the D u l- les-Must-Go slogan is a good

one, I am against the sugges­tion tha t Dulles be replaced by Stassen. Dulles is the symbol of the im peria lis t policy p u r­sued a like by a ll w ings of the Republican and D e m o c r a t i c parties. His replacement by any prom inent Republican or Dem­ocrat w ould not lead the coun­try to peace. O nly a change in class ru le in the United States can bring peace.W H AT WE W O ULD G A IN

Should the A dm in is tra tion be forced to remove Dulles under mass protest, th is w ould be dram atic repudiation by the Am erican people of American Big Business’ d rive to war. It w ould make the Am erican peo­ple more confident tha t they can influence fore ign po licy and make them c ritica l of Dulles’ successor. It w ould make it easier fo r socialists to explain the need to attack the entire w ar-breeding economic system and to bu ild a socialist party in opposition to the parties of B ig Business.

These gains from the slogan "D u lles M usi Go" w ould im m e­d ia te ly be lost, I believe, i f it were coupled w ith the proposal that Stassen — or any other Democratic or Republican ap­pointee — should replace him. Vor this w ould breed tho dan­gerous illus ion that the ques­tion of w ar and peace can be resolved through the Big Busi­ness parties.

Second, I disagree w ith L a ­m ont’s proposals fo r Germany, because I believe they go count­er to the German people’s r ig h t to determ ine th e ir own fate. Of course, it w ould be the ir r ig h t to chose ne u tra lity , b u t Lam ont is not addressing h im se lf to the German people but to the Am erican governm ent. Im p lied

in Lam ont’s proposal. I fear, is a neutra liza tion imposed on Germ any by Soviet - Am erican agreement.

The U.S. and Soviet govern­ments have m e d d l e d long enough in Germany and should not be urged to do so any fu r ­ther. They have kept the coun­try dismembered against the w il l o f the German people. They have occupied it m ilita r ily . They have inflicted cap ita lis t or S ta lin is t regimes on tl;e population and forced each part of Germany to line up on op­posite sides in the cold war.

The only way to remedy these wrongs is fo r a ll foreign troops to get out of Germany and to let the German people decide w hat k ind of govern­ment and social system the re­united country is to have and w hat foreign policy i t shall pursue.THE PROGRAM WE SHO ULD SUPPORT

D uring the June 1953 upris ing in East Germany, the w o rk ­ers proclaim ed tha t they were figh ting fo r a united w orkers ’ Germany, free of fore ign oc­cupation troops and w ithou t capitalists. This program is bound to gain in popu la rity in both East and West Germany. As I see it, th is is the only progressive solution to the “ German question.” Yet in im-. posing n e u tra lity on Germany the Soviet and U.S. govern­ments w ould bar this solution. They w ould guarantee cap ita l­ism in Germany, since A m e ri­can B ig Business w ould never agree to un ifica tion on any other basis. We socialists here should aid the German w o rk ­ing people establish a united socialist republic. The way we can help is to insist tha t the German people be allowed to determ ine th e ir own fate.

Lastly, I am c ritica l of La ­m ont’s tenth point, w hich calls fo r a new sum m it conference w ithou t defining its scope. Ne­gotiations between the Soviet U nion and the U nited States fo r a test ban, disarmament, Soviet-Am erican trade, cu ltu ra l exchanges and removal of Am erican troops from Soviet borders are h ig h ly desirable. A ll socialists should favo r such negotiations. (O f course, we should not v iew negotiations as replacing our own struggle in th is count: y to end the cold- w ar un ila te ra lly .) S im ila rly , so­cialists should favo r negotia­tions between the U.S. govern­ment and the People’s Republic o f China to achieve Am erican recognition of China.

B u i a sum m it conference be­tween Eisenhower and K h rush ­chev, when and i f i t does take place, w i l l encompass fa r more than these questions. W hat Khrushchev w il l be o ffering at such a sum m it meeting is a

. . . $18,000 Anniversary Fund(Continued from Page I)

pressive th ing. Here is the raw m ateria l of a h is to ry o f the Am erican w ork ing class fo r the past three decades — the kind o f h istory w hich never gets taught or studied in Am erican schools or universities. For th is is a w eekly chronicle o f un ion­bu ild ing efforts, strikes and in ­te rna l union struggles; of con­stant struggle fo r c iv il l ib e r­ties; of the crimes of the racists against the Negro people and of the Negro people’s heroic fights against the J im -C row system; of the p o lit ica l t r ic k ­ery of the tw o b ig business parties w ith the people’s in ­terests and the efforts of the w orkers and poor farmers to find po litica l expression; o f the struggles of the w o rk ing class and colonial peoples in other

countries and the plans, maneu­vers and deeds of im peria lism against them and against the achievements of the Soviet U nion; of the recurren t an ti- w - r struggle: and fin a lly of the evolution, struggles and ten­dencies w ith in the socialist movement of th is country.

Even in fhe present period of w itch -hun t the M ilita n t ex­ercises considerable influence. I t is a rare month when Negro newspapers do not rep rin t something from it. These in ­clude papers in Tennessee. Louisiana, N orth Carolina and other Southern states. Trade union papers also have re p r in t­ed or quoted M ilita n t articles or reprin ted its cartoons. These include papers of the m ine workers, auto locals, etc. The M ilita n t also has an in te rna­

tiona l influence. There are fa ith fu l subscribers to i t on each continent.

But it is, of course, r ig h t here in the U.S. and pa rticu ­la r ly among those already con­vinced of the need fo r social­ism tha t the M ilita n t exercises its greatest influence. I t has become essential reading fo r a ll those who recognize the need to regroup the fragmented socialist movement. I t has serv­ed as a beacon lig h t fo r that fundam ental step towards re ­groupm ent — the organization ot fra te rna l discussion between a ll tendencies and socialist- m inded ind iv idua ls on a dem­ocratic, non-exclusive basis. I t lias championed and been a p rinc ipa l reporte r o f united socialist electoral a c tiv ity on a m in im um c o m m o n program.

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The M ilita n t’s readership today represents a w ide va rie ty of agreement or disagreement w ith its views. M any Am erican w orkers — inc lud ing present members of the Communist P arty — read i t fo r its factual reports of w hat is happening in tha t party. Others read it to fo llow the progress of the various united socialist cam­paigns th roughout the country.

We ask a ll of the categories o f readers, despite the ir par­ticu la r degree of agreement or disagreement, to jo in in m ak­ing the M ilita n t's 30th A n n i­versary Fund D rive a success. We ask a ll, fo r services a l­ready rendered and on the promise of more in the fu tu re , to resolve now to make a finan­cial contribu tion .

This can be done d ire c tly to the newspaper or to the clubs of M ilita n t supporters th rough ­out tho country.CELEBRATIO NS PLAN N ED

In many cities 30th A n n ive r­sary banquets or other affairs are already being planned to help raise the generous pledges assumed there and prin ted on the accompanying scoreboard, I f you are a new reader of

1 this paper, make plans to at- j tend these affairs and help in the good w o rk ; i f you are an old reader, no such urg ing is necessary.

The firs t such a ffa ir w il l be held in New Y ork C ity , S a tu r­day evening, Oct. 18. I t w il l launch a national speaking tour by F a rre ll Dobbs, N ational Secretary of fhe Socialist W ork ­ers Party, who has just re ­turned from Europe. He w il l give a first-hand account of the state of the w orkers ' movement there.

Throughout the course of the 3Cth A nn ive rsary Fund D rive , th is column w il l carry news, letters, facts and figures about the Fund’s progress. A ll quer­ies, suggestions and comments are welcomed and should be addressed to th is column.

The password is: $18,000 by Dec. 15 — In F u ll and On Time

status-quo deal affecting the entire w orld .

As Thomas J. H am ilton ob­served in the Sept. 21 N.Y. Times, “ Despite his harsh de­nunciation of Am erican policy . . . M r. G rom yko again made it clear that the Soviet Union wants a separate agreement w ith the U nited States under w hich the tw o powers would, in effect, d iv ide up the w o rld .” PAST SUM M ITS

That is the k ind of agree­ment w hich was made at the Yalta, Potsdam and Teheran heads-of-state conferences. Na­tions were d iv ided, w ork ing- class revo lu tions sold out. im ­peria lism bolstered in m ajor areas of the w orld in exchange fo r S ta lin acquiring spheres of influence in Eastern Europe. A m e r i c a n im peria lism w ill again be w illin g to conclude such an agreement w ith the

(Continued from Page 1)

vice of notice o f the court ac­tion.

In a fu rth e r move to restric t the ballo t choice, the DeSapio machine today won a Supreme C ourt ru lin g uphold ing its dis­qua lifica tion o f the People’s Rights nom inating pe tition fo r Communist Party leader Ben­jam in Davis, fo r the State Sen­ate. Davis filed nearly double the 3,000 signatures required, but the board claimed there were less than the necessary num ber of registered voters.C A M P A IG N R A L L Y

One of the objectives of the Oct. 7 Independent-Social­ist campaign ra lly w il l be to m obilize popular support against the scandalous moves to de­prive m in o rity parties of the ir ballo t rights. The ra lly , at the F raterna l Clubhouse, 110 W. 48th Street, w il l hear Corliss Lamont, candidate fo r U.S. Senator: John T McManus, can­didate fo r Governor and M yra Tanner Weiss, 1956 Vice Presi­dentia l candidate of the Social­ist W orkers Party. James A ro n ­son, ed ito r of the National Guardian, w il l preside.

A t the ra lly an appeal w ill be made to partic ipa te in the p icke tline at the Em pire State B u ild ing , 350 F ifth Ave., on Saturday, Oct. 11, between 11 A.M. and 2 P.M. Placards and leaflets w il l express the Inde ­pendent-Socialist stand fo r w ith ­draw al of U.S. forces from the Far East, and fo r an end to support of the puppet Chiang Kai-shek regime.

The U.S. provocations against China w il l also be a centra l theme of the radio and T V ap­pearances of the Independent- Socialist candidates. Dr. La ­mont, John T. McManus and Dr. Annette T. Rubinstein, can­didate fo r L t. Governor, have already appeared on radio and TV. Future appearances by them and by Captain Hugh Mulzac, candidate fo r A tto rney General, and Scott Gray, candi­date fo r C om ptro ller, w il l be announced this week.

C ontinuing to w in new sup-

A d v e r t is e m e n t

Every Test KillsBy Linus Pauling

The Nobel prize winning scientist speaks out against the nuclear bomb tests.

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K rem lin , i f its po licy makers become convinced tha t they have no other expedient against colonial and w orking-class rev­olutions.

That is w hy, I believe, when urg ing U.S.-Soviet top level ne­gotiations to end the cold war, socialists should be specific as to what k ind of agreement they favor. They should re ject in advance any status-quo deal. They are for revo lu tiona ry change in th is country and on a w orld scale.

Furtherm ore, socialists should insist tha t a ll negotiations be conducted pub lic ly . We are op­posed to tw o people ge tting to ­gether behind closed doors to settle the fate of the w orld . "No secret d ip lom acy"— a tra ­d itiona l demand of the socialist movement — has special re lev­ancy in connection w ith a sum­m it meeting.

JOHN T. M cM ANUS

port, the Independent-Socialists are now organizing in to com­m u n ity groups. Organization meetings have been successful­ly held in B rooklyn , Queens, Westchester, the B ronx and Upper and Low er M anhattan.

The Independent - Socialists w ill also be heard at numerous forum s and symposiums. In v i­tations have already been re­ceived from chapters o f the Am erican-Jew ish Congress, the B ronx W omen’s C om m unity Forum , the League of H and i­capped and from church and cu ltu ra l group.;.

The campaign also remains a subject of deep interest w ith in the radical movement. One ex ­ample of th is is fhe meeting tha t has been organized fo r Oct. 10 at Mohican Colony in West­chester where Dr. Rubinstein w il l debate W illia m A lbertson, State Secretary of the Com m u­n ist Party, on the Independent- Socialist stand fo r a complete break w ith the tw o cap ita lis t parlies.

A d v e r t is e m e n t A d v e r t is e m e n t

New York

Opening Cam paign Rally

Of th eIn d e p e n d e n t-S o c ia lis t

P a rtyThe party Tammany wants to keep off the ballot

Tuesday, Oct. 7 — 8 P.M.(Note new dale!)

Fraternal Clubhouse — 110 W. 48th St.HEAR THE C AN D ID ATES:

Corliss Lamont, John T. McManus,Annette Rubinstein, Scott Gray, Jr., Hugh Mulzac

A N D GUEST SPEAKERS James Aronson, Myra Tanner Weiss

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U nite fo r peace, c iv il righ ts and socialism!

F rank Love ll, S o c i a l i s t W orkers candidate fo r G ov­ernor of M ichigan, and Eve­lyn Sell, candidate fo r U.S. Senator from M ichigan.

...Indep.-SocialistsF o r G overnor

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Socialist Candidates on Radio and TV

CORLISS LA M O N T on W OR-Radio. 710 on your d ia l. Wednesday, Ocl. 15, 11:15 P.M.

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G R AY, JR., Monday, Ocl. 13, 1 P.M. Channel 5— W NEW - TV. Fannie H urs l Showcase.

A d v e r t is e m e n t

Monday, October 6, 1958 T H E M I L I T A N T Page Three

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t h e M ILITANTP u b lis h e d W e e k ly b y th e M i l i t a n t P u b lis h in g A s s o c ia t io n 116 U n iv e r s i t y P I.. N . Y . 3. N . Y . P h o n e : C H 3 -2 1 4 0

S e co n d c la s s p o s ta g e p a id a t N e w Y o rk . N .Y .

E d i t o r ; D A N IE L R O B E R T S B u s in e s s M a n a g e r : B E A T R IC E A L L E N

S ig n e d a r t ic le s b y c o n t r ib u to r s d o n o t n e c e s s a r i ly r e p re s e n t th e M i l i t a n t 's p o lic ie s . T h e se a re e xp re s s e d in i t s e d i to r ia ls .

Vol. X X II — No. 40 Monday, October 6, 1958

A Victory — Let's Complete It!On September 29 the w orld -w ide p ro ­

test campaign saved the life of J im m y W ilson, the Negro handyman in A labama, scheduled to die in the e lectric cha ir fo r the th e ft of $1.95. On tha t day Gov. F o l­som commuted W ilson’s sentence to life im prisonm ent.

Though Southern offic ia ls and the press try to deprecate the effectiveness of the in te rna tiona l protest movement in saving W ilson ’s life , there can be no shadow of a doubt tha t bu t fo r i t he w ould have been lega lly m urdered as have so m any other v ic tim s of J im Crow jus ­tice. W h ile Gov. Folsom ca re fu lly re ­fra ined from m ention ing the tens of thousands of protest le tters and petitions when he announced the com m utation, i t is revealing tha t ju s t before the clemency hearing he stated tha t he wanted to put an end to “ th is in te rna tiona l hullabaloo.”

So a ll those who raised th e ir voices in protest and ho rro r against the W ilson sentence—the pickets in fro n t of the U S. Embassy in London, the Ir ish people who deluged the U.S. Ambassador w ith hun­dreds of le tters a day, the B razilians who signed petitions, the countless organiza­tions and ind iv idua ls th roughout the w orld who w rote le tters and sent cables to Folsom and Eisenhower as w e ll as those in Am erica, like the workers in Buffa lo who circu la ted petitions and sent deputations to c ity and state officials, may congratu la te themselves on a job w e ll done. T he ir efforts seized another Negro v ic tim from the hands of the w h ite - supremacist hangmen.

B u t the figh t is not over. “ C lem ency” fo r W ilson is a life sentence, w ith a re­quest fo r parole not even possible fo r 15 years. W ilson is now 55 years old. The life expectancy o f a Negro in a Southern prison camp is not long even fo r the 3roung and healthy.

W ilson ’s a ttorney, Fred Gray, is in ­vestigating the poss ib ility of an appeal or a new tr ia l. This must be carried out. W ilson’s crim e s t i l l remains a $1.95 rob­bery. L ife im prisonm ent is second on ly to execution in its b a rb a rity as punishm ent fo r such an offense. Moreover, i t is doubt­fu l i f there ever was a crime. The prose­cution adm itted W ilson was unarmed and tha t the w h ite woman was un in ju red . This w h ite woman was an em ployer of W ilson. That he made no a ttem pt to con­ceal his id e n tity underm ines the prosecu­to r ’s contention tha t W ilson intended a robbery bu t lends credence to his cla im tha t he sought an advance on his wages.

Moreover, the fa ilu re o f the e lderly w h ite woman to recognize W ilson in the courtroom when he was bu t a few feet from her raises questions as to her cred­ib i l i t y or m ental state. The facts are not know n because W ilson had no real tr ia l, had no real defense. He had the kangaroo- court t r ia l custom arily given in the South to penniless Negroes-

The b a rb a rity of the sentence meted out to h im aroused the w o r ld ’s ind igna­tion. That ind igna tion should now carry th rough by demanding a complete re­opening o f his case.

Well, What About Korea?The Sept. 29 New Y o rk Post devotes

a sizable news artic le , a column of com­m ent and a lengthy ed ito ria l to fla y Vice- President N ixon fo r his com pla in t against a State D epartm ent “ subordinate” who revealed that 80'. of the m a il to the State Departm ent is c rit ica l of the A d m in is tra ­tio n ’s Quemoy-Matsu policy. We do not object to the Post’s zeal and ind igna tion on th is score. B u t we were struck by the pecu lia rity of the Post’s stand when com­pared to its defense of the previous A d ­m in is tra tio n ’s “ police action” in Korea. Wasn’t the Korean w ar in itia ted by T ru ­man w ith o u t consultation of Congress le t alone consideration of the sentiments and opinions of the Am erican people?

The libe ra l Democratic Post a n tic i­pated this embarrassing question on K o­rea and inserted a b rie f “ exp lana tion” on th is po in t in its e d ito ria l a ttack on N ixon. I t seems, according to the Post, tha t “ there are moments in the life of a democracy . . . when nationa l leaders m ust meet an emergency p ro m p tly and decisively, w ith o u t w a itin g fo r the pro­cesses of pub lic debate. Such a moment occurred in Korea . . . ”

B u t the Post then goes on to cite the G allup polls and letters now pouring in to Congress and the State D epartm ent w h ich “ shatter the Republican legend tha t Am ericans are prepared to give th e ir a ll fo r Chiang’s dream of reconquest, and tha t the m atte r is not even arguable.”

The Post w ou ld have us believe pre­sumably, tha t i t was a ll r ig h t fo r the Dem ocratic adm in is tra tion to th rus t the Am erican people in to the Korean w ar against th e ir w i l l to aid D ic ta to r Syngman Rhee’s “ dream of reconquest” of N ortn Korea, bu t tha t i t is ev il i f the R epubli­can adm in is tra tion acts behind the peo­p le ’s backs and despite th e ir w i l l to risk w ar once more in the Far East.

C e rta in ly the Post knows tha t the Korean adventure was the most unpopu­la r w ar in Am erican h is to ry. Indeed, i t

was the issue w hich cost the Dem ocratic P arty the 1952 Presidentia l election- Even p r io r to those elections, Samuel Lube ll, the noted po litica l analyst and forecaster, had reported tha t the Korean w ar “ stirs the harshest expressions of anger against the T rum an adm in is tra tion ” and tha t “ even in the strongest New Deal neigh­borhoods in the cities m ention of the Korean w ar is apt to touch off explosive outbursts.”

Repeated G a llup Polls du ring the Korean w ar showed tha t the Am erican people were b it te r ly opposed to en try in to the Korean w ar and were fo r im m ediate w ith d ra w a l of Am erican armed forces from Korea. In January 1951, a h a lf year a fte r the Trum an adm in is tra tion had a l­most drowned the people in w ar propa­ganda, the G a llup Po ll showed 66 per cent answered “ Yes” to the question w hether the U.S. should “ p u ll our troops out of Korea as fast as possible.” The flood of m a il to Congressmen was “ runn ing from 40-to-l to 90-to-l and even greater,” re­ported the December 28, 1950, N.Y. Times, in support o f im m ediate w ith d ra w a l of Am erican troops from Korea.

I f the Post ed ito ria l proves anyth ing, i t is tha t the Democrats no more than the Republicans care about the democratic pro­cess and the w i l l of the people. They are both w ar parties devoted to the im peria l­is t interests of Am erican B ig Business. O n ly when the Am erican people, through a workingclass p a rty of th e ir own, defeat the w ar parties and take po litica l and economic contro l of th is coun try w i l l the popular w i l l to end w ar and w ar threats be realized. The idea tha t a mere change in the nationa l adm in is tra tion , from Re­pub lican to Democrat, or even a change in the Secretary o f State, w il l a lte r the w ar menace is a dangerous illus ion . We need a change from capita lism to social­ism, such as the Independent - Socialist election campaign in New Y o rk state is emphasizing.

S T A T E M E N T R E Q U IR E D B Y T H E A C T O K A U G U S T 24. 1912. A SA M E N D E D B Y T H E A C T S O F M A R C H } , 1933, A N D J U L Y 2,1946 ( T i t le 39, U n ite d S ta te s Code, S e c tio n 233 ) S H O W IN G T H E O W N ­E R S H I P . M A N A G E M E N T . A N D C IR C U L A T IO N O F T h e M il i t a n t , p u b lis h e d w e e k ly a t N e w Y o rk . N .Y .. fo r O c t. I. 1958.1. T h e n am es a n d a d d re s s e s o f th e

p u b lis h e r . e d i to r . m a n a g in g e d ito r , a n d b u s in e s s m a n a g e r a re : P u b lis h e r . T h e M il i t a n t P u b lis h in g A s s o c ia t io n , 116 U n iv e r s i t y P I.. N ew Y o rk 3, N .Y . ; E d ito r . D a n ie l R o b e r ts , 116 U n iv e r s i t y P I.. N e w Y o rk 3. N .Y . ; B u s in e ss m a n ­a g e r. B e a tr ic e A lle n . 116 U n iv e r s i t y P I.. N e w Y o r k 3. N .Y .

2. T h e o w n e r is : ( I f o w n e d b y ac o rp o r a t io n , i t s n a m e an d a d d re s s m u s t be s ta te d a n d a ls o im m e d ia te ly th e re u n d e r th e nam es a n d a d d re sse s o f s to c k h o ld e rs o w n in g o r h o ld in g I p e rc e n t o r m o re o f to ta l a m o u n t o f s to c k . I f n o t o w n e d b y a c o rp o r a t io n , th e n am es a n d a d d re s s e s o f th e in ­d iv id u a l o w n e rs m u s t be g iv e n . I f o w n e d b y a p a r tn e r s h ip o r o th e r u n ­in c o rp o ra te d f ir m , i t s na m e a n d a d ­d re ss , as w e ll as t h a t o f e ach in d i ­v id u a l m e m b e r, m u s t be g iv e n . ) T he M i l i t a n t P u b lis h in g A ss n .. 116 U n iv e r ­s i t y P la ce . N e w Y o rk 3. N Y . F a r r e l l D o b b s . 116 U n iv e r s i t y P L , N e w Y o rk 3. N .Y . ; Jo se p h H a n s e n . 116 U n iv e r ­s i t y PL . N e w Y o rk 3. N Y .

3. T h e k n o w n b o n d h o ld e rs , m o r t ­gagees. a*nd o th e r s e c u r it y h o ld e rs o w n in g o r h o ld in g I p e rc e n t o r m o re o f t o ta l a m o u n t o f b o n d s , m o rtg a g e s , o r o th e r s e c u r it ie s a re : ( I f th e re a ren on e , so s ta te .) None.

4. P a ra g ra p h s 2 a n d 3 in c lu d e , in cases w h e re th e s to c k h o ld e r o r s e c u r ­i t y h o ld e r a p p e a rs u p o n th e b o o k s o f th e c o m p a n y as t ru s te e s o r in a n y

o th e r f id u c ia r y r e la t io n , th e na m e o f th e p e rs o n o r c o r p o r a t io n fo r w h o m s u c h t ru s te e is a c t in g ; a ls o th e s ta te ­m e n ts in th e tw o p a ra g ra p h s sh o w th e a f f ia n t ’ s f u l l k n o w le d g e a n d b e ­lie f as to th e c ir c u m s ta n c e s a n d c o n ­d i t io n s u n d e r w h ic h s to c k h o ld e rs an d s e c u r it y h o ld e rs w h o d o n o t a p p e a r u p o n th e b o o k s o f th e c o m p a n y as tru s te e s , h o ld s to c k a n d s e c u r it ie s in a c a p a c ity o th e r th a n t h a t o f a bona fid e o w n e r.

5. T h e a v e ra g e n u m b e r o f c o p ie s o f e a ch issu e o f t h is p u b lic a t io n so ld o r d is t r ib u te d . t h ro u g h th e m a ils o r o th e rw is e , to p a id s u b s c r ib e rs d u r in g th e 12 m o n th s p re c e d in g th e d a te s h o w n a b o v e w a s : ( T h is in fo r m a t io nis re q u ire d f ro m d a i ly , w e e k ly , se m i- w e e k ly , a n d t r i - w e e k ly n e w s p a p e rs , o n ly . ) 3 ,500.

(S ig n e d ) D a n ie l R o b e r ts , e d i to rS w o rn to a n d s u b s c r ib e d b e fo re me

th is 12 th d a y o f S e p te m b e r 1958.C o n s ta n c e F. W e is m a n

(S e a l) N o ta r y P u b lic , S ta te o f N e w Y o rk . M y c o m m is s io n e x p ire s M a rc h 30. I9 6 0 .

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BOOKS - PAMPHLETSOn Socialism

And the Labor Movement

O rder Free Catalog tram : PIONEER PUBLISHERS 116 University Place

New York 3, N.Y.

A d v e r t is e m e n t

A ga in Ava ilab le :

The Turn in the

Communist

In te rn a tio n a l

A n d the German

S ituationBY LEON TRO TSKY

W ritten in 1930, th is pamph­let is one o f several w ritte n by T ro tsky w arn ing about the menace of H itle rism and proposing united w ork ing class action to fig h t it.

20 cents

PIONEER PUBLISHERS 116 U n ive rs ity Place New Y o rk 3, N. Y.

A Criticism of China Article and Our ReplyE dito r:

Please te l! us w hat happened. We received the Sept. 8 issue of the M ilita n t and read that “ Chiang drags Am erica to b rin k of w ar w ith China.” This sure sounds like the ta il is dragging the dog now.

The po licy of Am erican im ­peria lism is sh ifting , va c illa t­ing, often capricious. But that is because the Am erican ru lin g class is now uncerta in about w hat it should do in the lace of w o rld -w ide h o s tility . Dulles and his gang in Washington are doing the best they can — from day to day — under con­d itions of a changing w orld w hich they don’t understand and can’t control. Th is gives rise to all kinds o f speculations about w hy they do w hat ap­pears at times to be rid icu lous. B u t to th in k that Chiang in any way determ ines—or “ drags” — Am erican po licy is contrary to a ll facts.

We are try in g to convince people here tha t Am erican fo r ­eign po licy reflects the desper­ate needs of Am erican im per­ialism. We try to expla in that Chiang is s im p ly a puppet of U.S. fore ign po licy and that he is easily expendable. It. never occured to us to re fe r to him as a policy-m aker.

The effect o f the cu rren t is­sue of the M ilita n t is to cause readers to wonder i f the pres­ent Am erican government is the dupe o f Chiang or the bona fide representative of the A m er­ican ru lin g class. We th in k it does in fact represent the r u l­ing class of th is country, w ith a ll the crass and contrad ictory b luster that typ ifies th is ru lin g class.

I t is qu ite conceivable tha t A d la i Stevenson, w ho is now characterizing the Dulles an­tics as “ e rra tic ,” w ould try to excuse the ru lin g class o f a ll blame in th is m atter by c la im ­ing that Chiang is the real cu l­p r it in the Orient. B u t th is k ind of analysis is ha rd ly w o rth y of the M ilita n t and ce rta in ly does not su it the aims of a paper tha t speaks in the name of the Am erican w o rk ing class.

For our part, we are s til l convinced tha t the real source of troub le in the Far East is in W ashington and not Formosa.

F rank Love ll Socialist W orkers Party Candidate fo r G overnor of M ichigan

EDITO R'S COMM ENT: Am erican B ig Business s tra te­

gists do not have to ta l control of the situation they created in the Far East, when they estab­lished Chiang on Formosa. Sub­ordinate figures like Chiang, can push W ashington in to ac­tions w hich, although conform ­ing w ith its basic aims, may not be pa rt o f its im m ediate ly scheduled tactics.

An example o f th is was p ro ­vided du ring the Korean w ar when General M cA rthu r, acting on his own, drove to the C h in ­ese border at the Y a lu R iver

in order to force a fu ll-scale w ar w ith China. The U.S. was so unprepared fo r that k ind of a w a r that T rum an was forced to yank his general out of K o ­rea. But th is decision was by no mean,? predeterm ined, and fu ll-fledged w ar w ith China was averted by a ve ry narrow margin.

Chiang’s capacity fo r provo­cation should not be underesti­mated. He is not on ly a pawn fo r U.S. im peria lism generally. He is also tied up w ith a small but pow erfu l section of A m e ri­can im peria lism — the China Lobby. This section of U.S. B ig Business doesn’t consider the Generalissimo at a ll expend­able.

In both the Sept. 8 and 15 issues of the M ilita n t, we po in t­ed out tha t Chiang, supported by the China Lobby, moved to push the U.S. governm ent in to its present “ calculated r is k ” in the Formosa Straits. He b u ilt up his m ilita ry forces on the off-shore islands and intensified harassment of the m ainland so as to force the Chinese govern­ment to re ta lia te and the Seventh F leet to come to his aid.

Chiang provoked the crisis, not on ly because tim e was ru n ­n ing out on his aging arm y, bu t

because he and the China Lob ­by knew tha t the U.S. govern­ment w ou ld have to act on th e ir behalf. For, i f the Chiang re­gime were to collapse, so w ould W ashington’s p re tex t fo r no t recognizing the real govern­ment o f China. I t m igh t also mean loss o f a base in w h ich Am erican im peria lism has in ­vested heavily fo r its projected w a r against the m ainland.

That W ashington was dragged to the “ b r in k ” at Quemoy is fu r th e r indicated by the w ide d iv is ion in the Am erican ru lin g class on the issue, even though the class remains united on the basic an ti-C hina perspective. These facts do not make W all Street out to be Chiang’s dupe. Rather, they underscore tha t its reactionary d rive fo r global dom ination hu rls th is coun try from one w ar crisis to the next, even when dom inant sections of Am erican B ig Business are not d ire c tly p rovok ing the crisis.

We don’t th in k tha t our p re ­sentation o f these facts w eak­ens the ind ic tm ent o f U.S. capi­ta lism as the princ ipa l c rim in ­al in the case, and we are, of course, in fu ll agreement w ith F rank Love ll that. U.S. B ig Business is the u ltim a te source o f the w ar danger.

Professor Levy’s Book on Soviet JewsJEWS A N D THE N A T IO N A L

QUESTION. By Hym an Levy. Cameron Associates. 100 W. 23 St., New York, 10. 96 pp., paper. $1.50.

Few people in the Commu­nist movement were le ft un­shaken by confirm ation of the charges tha t m a jor crimes had been com m itted against Soviet Jews under S talin. The main facts about the exterm ination o f Jewish cu ltu ra l and po litica l leaders were reported A p r il 4, 1956, by Folkstim m e, a Jewish language paper p rin ted in Poland.

One o f the firs t to demand an accounting o f how th is “ fester­ing w ound” developed in Soviet society was Professor Hym an Levy, long a m a jo r in te llectua l figure in the B ritish Commu­nist Party . Late in 1957 he went to the Soviet Union w ith a B ritish CP delegation to probe fo r the answer. On re ­tu rn ing , he confirmed not only the correctness o f the Fo lks­tim m e reve la tion but also tha t under Khrushchev, Soviet Jews, although o ffic ia lly identified as “ Jew ” on passports, were de­nied the C onstitu tiona l righ ts guaranteed national m inorities. PUBLISH ER S ' O PIN IO N

Resisting efforts by the B r i­tish CP leadership to silence him, Levy w en t ahead w ith his study of the problem and pub­

lished his book last January. For th is he was pronpptly e x ­pelled from the Party. In pub ­lish ing the present Am erican edition, Cameron Associate* sponsors of L ib e rty Book Club, have expressed the opin ion tfcat objective, c ritica l discussion of such questions as Levy raises is of service to the Soviet Union.

For the benefit o f the A m e ri­can reader, the publishers have included a review of the Eng­lish ed ition by R. Palme D utt, a leading spokesman fo r the B ritish CP. The rev iew is de­signed solely to d iscredit the book and author and could not have been seriously intended to convince anyone who actua lly reads w hat Levy has to say. D u tt charges Levy is "p ro - Z ion is t” and “ an ti-Soviet.” The book itse lf demonstrates that both charges are false.

L e vy ’s a ttitude tow ard the Soviet Union, e x p r e s s e d th roughout the book, is sum­marized in his statement: “ I have tim e and again asserted ar.d w ritte n that the R evolu­tion was one of the m ajor ad­vances in h istory. I have never moved an iota from tha t stand­po in t.”OPPOSES Z IO N ISM

Of Zionism, L evy w rites: “ A t best i t could on ly be a m ake­sh ift am elioration. B ut i t was

basically much more than th is . . . . the leadership nailed the Z ion ist flag to the mast of B ritish Im peria lism .” O f Israel he w rites: “ . . . the extent to w hich Israel appears as a satel­lite of the U.S.A. is obvious, a l­though she w ould c la im that th is occurred only a fte r the Soviet U nion had adopted a hostile a ttitude tow ard her. The fact is however tha t the Ben G urion Governm ent has always leaned tow ard the West, and turned a deaf ear on a ll Soviet approaches to help her.”

Levy's book addresses itse lf to a basic question. M arxists, he points out, have tra d itio n a lly viewed the Jewish problem as an excrescence of capita lism — or.e that w ould disappear w ith capita lism . How then expla in the fact that the Jewish p rob ­lem had not disappeared along w ith capita lism in the USSR?

Levy confines h im se lf to tw o phases of the problem. F irs t is the post-war persecution o f the Jews by S ta lin , beginning w ith the execution in 1948 o f the leaders o f the Jewish A n ti- Fascist Committee and cu lm in ­a ting w ith the “ Jewish Doctors’ P lo t” of 1953. He expla ins th is period of anti-Jew ish te rro r as spring ing from S ta lin ’s “ theory” that the more firm ly established the USSR becomes, the more intense becomes the a c tiv ity of

The New Vanguard Group And the Communist Party

By Lillian KiezelThe Provisional Organizing

Committee fo r the Reconstitu­tion o f a M a rx is i-L e n in is l p a rly accuses the Am erican Communist P a rty of having developed, since 1928, an op­po rtun is t course at variance w ith the Communist parties throughout the w orld . The Com­m ittee, whose conference on Aug. 16-17 and consequent ex­pulsion from the CP was re ­ported in the Sept. 22 M ilita n t, published a declaration of p r in ­ciples in its newspaper, the M arx is t-Len in is t Vanguard.

The CP has become an op­portun is t organization, says the Vanguard group. This is due to. b ig business pressures to which the leadership has suc­cumbed. The Vanguard people insist tha t these pressures have pioduced “ mortal- cris is” w ith in the Am erican party on three d iffe ren t occasions. The first crisis resulted in the 1928-29 struggle against Jay Lovestone, then leader of the party . The second, in the 1943-44 figh t against Earl B rowder. The th ird , in a fig h t against the John Gates group in the CP during which, the Vanguard group charges, pa rty officia ls around W illiam Z. Foster rea l­ly abetted the Gates tendency.

In the firs t tw o crises, “ ad­vice” from Communist P arty leadership abroad supposedly helped save the party from op­portunism and misleadership. But, says Vanguard, the curren t CP crisis is unsolvable because the Foster leadership ignores the advice of the in te rnationa l Com m unist movement. I t is Vanguard’s thesis tha t the lead­ership of the CPs elsewhere holds to the genuine socialist course w h ile the Am erican lead­ership does not.NO GUIDES

This thesis w il l sure ly prove to be a stum bling b lock fo r the

Vanguard group in its figh t against the undeniably oppor­tun is t course pursued by the Am erican CP leadership. There is no substantia l difference in po licy between the Am erican CIJ and that of the parties in other countries. These conse­quen tly cannot serve as guides fo r revo lu tiona ry socialist p o li­tics.

Le t us examine the facts in the 1943-44 crisis as an illu s ­tration. Vanguard correctly says that the en tire leadership o f the party, then headed by B row der, but inc lud ing Foster, Dennis and Ben jam in Davis, championed the idea o f “ ‘progressive im ­peria lism ,’ according to which im peria lism (Am erican B i g Business in pa rticu la r) w ould proceed in the post-W orld War I I era to raise wages and low er its rate o f p ro fit in a program of ‘enlightened self-in terest,’ in cooperation w ith the USSR.”

“ A dv ice ” then came from Jacques Duelos, French CP leader. In an a rtic le p rin ted in the May 24, 1945 D a ily W orker, Duelos declared: “ One is w it ­nessing a notorious revision of M arxism on the part o f B row ­der and his supporters, a re ­vision w hich is expressed in the concept o f a long te rm class peace in the U.S., of the possi­b i li ty of the suppression o f the class struggle in the post-war period and the establishm ent of harm ony between labor and cap ita l.”

B row der was expelled in 1946 a llegedly because of his re ­visionism . B u t the French CP, under Duleos’ leadership, was pursuing a po licy s im ila r to the one fo r w h ich B row der was de­nounced. Thus in a speech made to the French CP C entra l Com­m ittee on Jan. 22, 1945 and la te r prin ted in pam phlet form , M aurice Thorcz, co-leader of the pa rty w ith Duelos, stated: “ As under the occupation, we want, in order to w in the war,

to act in concert w ith a ll good Frenchmen, workers, employers, employes, in te llectuals, peasants. A ll aren’t Communists, social­ists. W hy w ould we w ant to impose upon them our program of communism?” The French CP, w hich, at the end of W orld W ar I I , could have taken slate power w ith popular support and led a socialist revo lu tion , backed a de Gaulle governm ent instead.

Duelos never found anyth ing w rong w ith that. In a state­m ent to the B ritish Evening Standard on Sept. 15, 1944, he said: “ French capita lists are‘id io ts ’ i f they are a fra id of Communism.” He explained: “ We are not even interested in the question of a 40-hour week. As fa r as we are concerned the w orkers w il l w o rk 60 hours w eek ly i f i t is necessary fo r the rehab ilita tion of France.” Thorez and Duelos were as good as the ir word. Up to 1947 — w e ll a fte r B row der was bounced out o f the Am erican CP — they were to claim th a t strikes are weapons o f the trusts.NO G U ID E IN USSR

Duelos’ “ advice” did not root out opportunism in the A m e ri­can CP in 1945. I t has con­tinued to th r ive there up to the present. I t has also continued to th r ive in the French CP under Duelos’ leadership. For instance, last May, the CP lead­ership ra llied to support the P fiim lin governm ent w h i c h handed power over to de Gaulle.

B u t perhaps a genuine social­ist po licy has been pursued throughout by the Communist P arty o f the Soviet Union? U n­fo rtuna te ly , th is also is no t the case. Indeed, the common source of the opportun ist policies p u r­sued in France and in Am erica is to be found in the in te rna ­tiona l line elaborated by S ta lin and by Khrushchev.

im peria lis t agents. W ith the ad­vent of the cold war, Levy speculates, i t was almost in ­evitab le that the leaders of the Jewish A nti-Fascist Com­m ittee should fa ll v ic tim to S ta lin ’s “ theory,” because d u r­ing W orld W ar I I they had es­tablished w o rk in g relations w ith many Jew ish figures in the West who were now beating the an ti-S ovie t w a r drum .

K hrushchev’s denial o f fu l l r igh ts to Soviet Jews is ex­p lained by Levy as de riv ing m a in ly from the Soviet U n ion ’s efforts to secure alliances w ith those A rab states now resisting Western im peria lism . The rea­soning of the Soviet leaders, he feels, is tha t Soviet Jews can be assumed to be pro-Israe l and therefore w ould be an “ unre­liab le ” sector of the population in the event of a M ideast b lo w ­up.

In m y opinion. Professor L e vy ’s answers fa l l short o f the m ark, because he proceeds from the m istaken assumption tha t both S ta lin ’s and K hrushchev’s bureaucratic regimes represent socialist progress. He holds tha t the Soviet C om m unist P a rty leaders are genuine M arxists except fo r th e ir views on the Jewish question.A W O R TH W H ILE R EV IEW

A n in te resting and w o rth ­w h ile rev iew of Professor L e vy ’s book by Louis Harap in the Ju ly -A ugust issue o f Jewish Currents, comes closer, I th in k , to the heart of the issue. Harap w rites : . . the real roo t ofthe problem is the d is to rtion o f the nationa l question as a whole during the S ta lin period. The Jews were on ly one of many Soviet nationa lities tha t suffered from th is Great Rus­sian chauvinism . . . . th is d is­to rtion w ith respect to the Jews began in the late th irtie s , when a num ber of po litica l and cu l­tu ra l figures in Jew ish Soviet life were among those u n ju s tly im prisoned or executed and several secular Jew ish organ i­zations wore closed down. Thus the emergence o f Israel does not have the c ritica l im portance th a t Levy a ttribu tes to i t a l­though i t w ould be id le to deny its significant influence.”

When Harap relates Soviet an ti-Sem itism to Great Russian chauvinism he puts the finger on the heart of the question. From its inception, the S ta lin ­is t bureaucracy used Great Russian chauvinism as a m ajor weapon in its f ig h t to w in and consolidate its p riv ileged posi-

Shachtman Group DissolvesThe Independent Socialist

League has announced tha t arrangements have been com­pleted fo r its members to in ­d iv id u a lly jo in the Socialist Party-Socia l Democratic Fed­eration. I t also announced d iscontinuation of the IS L paper, Labo r A ction, and the qua rte rly magazine New In ­ternational. In a statement in the final ed ition of Labor A ction, s i g n e d by M ax Shachtman and A lb e rt Gates, the IS L P o litica l C om m ittee declared: “ We do not sub- scribe to any creed know n as Lenin ism or defined as such. We do not subscribe to any creed known as T ro tsky ­ism or defined as such.”

lion . A nd w herever there is na tiona l oppression, the Jews are in e v ita b ly m arked as a prim e target.

The “ anti-cosm opolitan” cam­paign directed p rim a rily against Soviet Jews was dropped a fte r S ta lin died. B u t w hy does K h ru ­shchev persist in dep riv ing Soviet Jews of the ir na tiona l rights? I believe i t is because he fears tha t even th is conces­sion cannot reconcile the Jews to bureaucratic despotism —'the persecution of the Jews in the “ black years” of 1948-53 was too monstrous fo r that. Instead the concession w ou ld embolden the Jews to jo in as a na tiona l group in the struggle fo r re ­establishing Soviet democracy.

A lthough I disagree w ith P ro­fessor Levy's analysis, his w o rk represents a serious e ffo rt to grapple w ith a crucia l problem . I agree fu l ly w ith Harap's statement tha t ", . . sober d is­cussion, w ith o u t the abuse that has characterized some o f Levy's hostile reviewers, can develop a debate tha t w ou ld contribu te to M a rx is t th in k in g on the Jewish question."

— H A R R Y R IN G

E A R LIE R D EA THW hile the gap has been nar­

row ing , the life expectancy of Negroes is s ti l l less than th a t of w hiles, according to D r. Irene Taeuber o f P rinceton U n ive rs ity . Since 1900 the av­erage life span o f w hites has risen from 47 to 70 years: fo r Negroes the life span has in ­creased from 33 to 60 years.

"Progress of World Socialism"

Is socialism m oving ahead? W hen tem porary defeats and the degeneration o f once-revolu tionary parties make i t seem th a t the cause is hopeless, i t ’s tim e to take a look at the movement from the long- range-point o f view . This is w ha t W illia m F. W arde does in a survey of the progress of w o rld socialism since 1848.

Read the second ins ta llm en t of th is insp iring a rtic le in the fa ll issue of the In te rna tion a l Social­is t Review. On newsstands, or send 50 cents fo r a copy.

International Socialist Review116 University Place New York 3, N.Y.

A d v e r t is e m e n t A d v e r t is e m e n t

C H IAN G K A I-S H E K

A Setback for the HierarchyBy Joyce Cowl ey — —

Bv an 8 to 2 vote the New Y o rk Board of Hospitals has overru led Commissioner Jacobs’ ban on g iv ing b irth -con tro l in fo rm ation to patients in c ity hospitals. Two months ago the Commissioner stopped a doctor in B rook lyn from prescrib ing a contraceptive device fo r a d iabetic woman. The decision of the Board reversing his stand is the resu lt o f an unprece­dented am ount of protest and an organized struggle against the ban on the part o f m edi­cal, c iv ic and relig ious groups. The Protestant Council o f New Y ork and many Jewish leaders were p a rticu la rly active in th is fight.

Margaret Sanger, founder of the move­m ent fo r b ir th control, comm enting on the stand taken by the leadership of various re­lig ious organizations in the curren t contro­versy, said tha t she was delighted:

“ I t comes a l it t le late bu t i t is never too la te .”

Mrs. Sanger, who was arrested nine times in the course of her struggle to open b ir th contro l clinics, received no support at a ll in the early years from churches, c iv ic leaders or the medical profession. O n ly socialists like Eugene Debs and B il l Haywood backed her cause. F o rty years la ter, fa m ily p lanning has become genera lly accepted, bu t i t s t i l l faces b itte r opposition from the Catholic h ierarchy.

W hile o ther organizations and ind iv idua ls hailed the decision of the Board of Hospitals, the statement made jo in t ly by the Archdiocese of New Y o rk and the Diocese of B rook lyn de­clared g lum ly :

“ . . . such a policy introduces an im m oral practice in our hospitals tha t perverts the nature and d ig n ity of man.”

The influence of the Catholic church in New Y ork is so great that u n til the present decision by the Board it has successfully pre­vented patients in c ity hospitals from ob ta in ­ing b irth -con tro l in fo rm ation. When last Ju ly D r. Louis H eilm an vio lated this “ u nw ritten la w ” by prescrib ing a contraceptive device because he believed tha t another pregnancy w ould endanger the life of his patient, and when Commissioner Jacobs im m ediate ly coun­termanded his order, i t touched off the dispute tha t has resulted in a serious defeat fo r C ath­o lic leaders.

The v ic to ry in New Y o rk is a step tow ard the greater d ig n ity of man which the Catholic au thorities cla im it w il l pervert. How much d ig n ity is possible in a slum where fam ilies of ten and tw elve are crowded in to a single room, w ith bathroom and k itchen fac ilities shared by many other fam ilies? H ow can a woman, broken by illness and frequent ch ild b irth , achieve such d ign ity? M illions o f women have resorted to dangerous abortions and in some instances desperate women have even com m it­

ted in fantic ide, w hich ce rta in ly does more to pervert the nature o f man than ra tiona l fa m ily p lanning w hich makes it possible fo r a woman to bear ch ild ren she wants and is able to care for.

B u t the decision of the Board is on ly a step in th is d irection. The order is s til l lim ited to g iv ing b ir th contro l in fo rm ation fo r "m e d i­cal reasons," tha t is, physical illness w hich makes pregnancy dangerous. I t does not cover "em otiona l or sociological reasons." A n emo­tio n a lly upset woman, or the mother of five who feels tha t she cannot possibly take care of another ch ild , is not included.

I t is not yet clear w hether the Departm ent of W elfare w il l adopt the same po licy as the c ity hospitals. There are 2,500 p riva te physic­ians who serve 330,000 New Yorkers on the re lie f rolls. The same u nw ritten ban w hich ex­isted in the hospitals has been the “ tra d itio n a l” po licy of the W elfare Departm ent, although the subject is never openly discussed. W elfare Commissioner M cC arthy, questioned by a New Y ork Post reporter, said:

“ We have no po licy.” B u t he adm itted that contraceptive devices were not on the approved drug lis t and “ as fa r as I know contraceptives have never been prescribed.”

The Commissioner was rem inded tha t 33,- 000 ch ildren born out of wedlock and now on re lie f make the question pertinent.

“ This is ve ry com plex,” he replied, “ and can’t be answered in an off-hand m anner.”

So fa r no one has even suggested that, in an e ffo rt to reduce the num ber of abortions and illeg itim a te births, th is in fo rm ation should be made available to a ll women, although many priva te doctors and b ir th contro l clinics do not inqu ire too m eticu lously in to the m ari­ta l status of women who seek th e ir advice. I t is estimated th a t 1,200,000 abortions are per­form ed in the U nited States every year, a ll of them physica lly and em otiona lly dangerous and many o f them fata l. Ille g itim a te b irths, w h ich may have trag ic consequences fo r both m other and ch ild , have been ris ing ra p id ly in recent years, especially among teenage g irls — in 1956 there were at least 200,000 babies born out of wedlock.

An enlightened po licy on b irth control w ould make i t available to every woman. Then women w ould no longer be b lind v ic tim s of biology, but human beings consciously m ak­ing decisions and p lanning th e ir lives. When ch ild ren are born because parents w an t them and are able to care fo r them, true d ig n ity and love — conspicuous by th e ir absence in the perverted fa m ily relationships of modern cap­ita lis t society — w il l fo r the firs t tim e be possible.

How Buffalo Socialists Set Back Red Hunters

(The fo llow ing is a more de­ta iled account of the Sept. 13 meeting in Buffa lo reported in the Sept. 22 M ilita n t. — Ed.)

B U FFA LO — In spite o f a w itch -h u n t d rive launched by the combined forces of the FBI, lhe Buffa lo Subversive Squad, the Am erican Legion, local w h ite supremacists and the tw o da ily newspapers of the c ity , an audience estimated by the B u f­fa lo Courier-Express as about 200 attended a meeting on Sept. 13 at Crescent H a ll to hear an im pressive a rray of in teresting speakers on a va rie ty ot sub­jects, I t was the largest radical m eeting held in Buffa lo in m any years.

Speakers were D r. Lonnie Cross, Negro educator from A t ­lanta U n ive rs ity whose subject was “ The school crisis in the South and the J im m ie W ilson case,” Dr. Annette Rubinstein, Independent-Socia list candidate fo r L ieu tenant Governor in N.Y. State, who spoke on the “ Social­is t A lte rn a tive in the Coming E lection,” and M r. H a r o l d Davies, v is it in g Labour M em ­ber o f P arliam ent who spoke on “ The H-Bom b Menace and How I t Can Be Fought.” R AC ISTS BEG IN SMEAR

W hite supremacist forces in th is c ity , a lready aroused by the widespread “ Save J im m ie W ilson” campaign and reacting sharply to the dram atic M other’s A lliance descent on the Board o f Education, in th e ir figh t fo r a one day closing o f schools in so lid a rity w ith the L it t le Rock Negro mothers, began a smear campaign against the meeting in the press. This was fo llow ed by police in tim ida tion , house v is its and pressure on the m an­ager o f the bu ild ing where the pub lic meeting was to have been held. M r. Rector, the man­ager of the bu ild ing , was fin a lly pressured in to cancelling the use of the ha ll fo r the meeting.

On Friday, the n ig h t p rio r to the scheduled meeting, the B u f­fa lo Evening News carried a sto ry tha t the management of the H ad ji Temple “ was en­deavoring to cancel the engage­m ent o f the tem ple at 118 E. U tica fo r a meeting tom orrow n igh t. . . . I f unable to do so M r. Rector said he w ould ask certa in law e n f o r c e m e n t

agencies to cover it.” The a r­tic le then proceeded to attack one of the listed speakers o f the meeting, Dr. Lonnie Cross, en­deavoring to l in k h im and the Save J im m ie W ilson C om m it­tee w ith “ local persons con­cerned in T ro tsky is t activ ities .” COPS PRESSURE M AN AG ER

Im m ed ia te ly a comm ittee of Negro and w h ite citizens w ent to see M r. Rector in an attem pt to preserve freedom of speech and assembly in Buffa lo. B u t S a t u r d a y m orn ing ’s Buffa lo Courier-Express c a r r i e d a lengthy story w hich included the in fo rm ation tha t the hall w ould no t be available fo r the meeting and the “ management’s action stems from a v is it Thurs­day from a member of the Police D epartm ent Subversive Squad” and a “ phone call from a person w ho said he was a mem ber of the anti-subversive squad of Troop 1 Am erican Le ­gion Post.”

The same artic le had to ac­know ledge th a t protests against th is crude a ttem pt to in te rfe re w ith freedom o f speech were received. The C ourie r story stated th a t Rev. Paul Carnes, m in is te r o f the U n iversa lis t- U n ita rian Church, was “ a t­tem pting to make the fac ilities o f the church . . . available.” One o f lhe sponsors o f ihe meeting, R ichard L ips ilz , who is V ice-Chairm an o f the Erie C ounty L ib e ra l Party , slated: " I am u tte r ly amazed and disap­pointed tha t the oppo rtun ity to exercise the basic righ ts of freedom of speech and of peace­fu l assemblage should be in te r­fered w ith in such a crass, a r­rogant and undem ocratic m an­ner."

U n fo rtuna te ly t h e offered church was located too fa r from the o rig ina l meeting site, ar.d the gracious offer was de­clined by the sponsoring com­m ittee o f the meeting w ith thanks.

On. the afternoon o f the scheduled meeting, in a re ­newed a ttem pt to fu rth e r con­fuse readers interested in a t­tend ing the meeting, the B u f­fa lo Evening News headlined its story “ Sponsoring group s til l w ith o u t site fo r pub lic meet­ing.” In the course of the a rtic le references to the speak­

ers and subjects were couched in such language as to leave the impression tha t no meeting w ould take place. “ D r. Lonnie Cross, a Negro educator from A tlan ta U n ive rs ity was to have discussed . . . and other speak­ers were to be Dr. Annette Rubinstein and H aro ld Davies.”

PO LICE A T DOORLate in the afternoon the

sponsoring comm ittee succeeded in securing a suitable ha ll fo r the meeting. W ith on ly tw o hours le ft to in fo rm the public on the change o f location, cars w ith qu ick ly painted signs mounted on the roo f cruised the area where the m eeting was tak ing place. In spite o f a ll the handicaps, in tim ida tions and slanders in the press, over 200 turned out to applaud the speakers and the entertainm ent. The audience, approxim ate ly evenly d iv ided in to Negro and w hite, had to pass through a g a u n t l e t of plaincloihesmen from the B uffa lo Subversive Squad, the F B I and cru is ing police cars.

H arold Davies called fo r ces­sation of nuclear testing, and fo r admission o f the People’s Republic o f China in to the UN. Speaking fo r the B ritish people, he said we “ are not going to be plunged into w ar over Que- moy or Matsu.”

Dr. R ubinstein to ld the aud i­ence tha t the tim e had come to “ vote fo r something tha t we w ant even i f we don’t w in this year, ra the r than vote fo r some­th ing we don’t w ant and get i t . ”

D r. Lonnie Cross in his ta lk on the o rig in and roots of racia l d iscrim ina tion in the U nited States charged th a t the W ilson episode is pa rt o f a d rive to “ separate Negro and w h ite labor and p it them against each other to weaken the op­position to big business.” He described the present in tegra ­tion efforts as “ feeble desegre­gation process.” Speaking fo r the Negro he to ld the enthusi­astic audience “ We w ant our freedom and we w ant i t now. We must not and we cannot — we w il l not — le t J im m y W il­son d ie.”

The meeting also heard re ­ports from the Save Jim m ie W ilson Committee and the president of the Mothers A l l i ­ance to Stop School Segrega­tion. The very capable fo lk - singer and gu ita ris t, Hannah Lerner, both opened and closed the meeting w ith a sample of her art.

THE B E L L SYSTEMIn the first s ix months of

1958, ins ta lla tion o f autom atic m achinery e lim inated 22,000 telephone jobs according to the B ell system’s own reports. In the same period the num ber of telephones in service rose by one m illio n .

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t h e M ILITA N TVOLUME X X II MONDAY, OCTOBER 6. 1958 NUMBER 40

D em and T h e ir School Re-Open

In L it t le Rock 65 students from H a ll high school met and adopted, 63 to two, a resolution urg ing im m ediate re ­opening of th e ir school as a pub lic school "even i f qua lified Negro students o f H a ll h igh school d is tr ic t may be assigned to classes."

a new contract goes in to effect.' The workers are members of U nited Auto W orkers Local 595. In the past seven days, 3,000 L inden auto workers have been in an authorized s tr ike w h ich became transform ed into a w ild ­cat and wound up today w ith a pa rtia l re tu rn to w o rk as a result o f Reuther’s threats.

On Sept. 24, an o ffic ia l s tr ike was called because o f manage­m ent’s refusal to le t a com­m itteem an handle a speed-up grievance. The fo llow ing day at a s tr ike meeting, the U A W in ­te rnationa l representative de­manded tha t the men re tu rn because, he said, the strike hampered Reuther in his nego­tia tions w ith GM. One o f the men yelled out: “ Never m ind the b u ll! L e t’s have better w ork ing cond itions!"VOTE TO STAY OUT

D efy ing the U AW officia ldom , the w orkers voted to stay out u n til satisfactory na tiona l and local agreements were reached. The overflow m eeting enthusi­astica lly endorsed a telegram sent to D e tro it by the shop com m ittee stating th a t the Ford contract was inadequate, and tha t the problem of te rrib le w o rk in g conditions and short w o rk weeks must be settled before a re tu rn to w ork.

On Sept. 29 an unscheduled m eeting was held at w h ich one of the D e tro it U A W offic ia ls thundered t h a t negotiations were impossible w h ile the men were out. The meeting voted to re tu rn u n til Thursday. There was much bitterness: “ W hat did we gain by this strike? We lost fo u r days pay, th a t’s all. Reu­ther doesn’t know w ha t he wants, firs t i t ’s a shorter w o rk ­week w ith more pay, and now i t ’s s ix cents an hour. I ’m ready to stay ou t fo r decent w o rk ing conditions. T ha t’s w hat re a lly m atters.’’ Today both shifts were sent home 18 m in ­utes a fte r th e ir respective s ta rt­ing time, because o f “ excessive absenteeism.”

A fina l-line w orke r w ith 18 years sen iority, w ho has had on ly tw o fu l l w o rk weeks since last December, said: "A t GM

they e ither w o rk you or starve you to death." Nobody outside o f GM w il l believe tha t in the 20th century, in the country w ith the highest p ro d u c tiv ity in the w orld , men are unable to get a d rin k of w a te r from a nearby founta in , nor have a smoke, nor go to the lava to ry w ith o u t figh ting to get a re lie f man, a ll because of the te rrib le speed-up. Before the w h istle blows, on th e ir ow n lim e , most of the men make up stock, so tha t they can run slower to keep up w ith the line. It's an inhum an pace w hich in ju res health and shortens lives.

The men at L inden are un­w illin g to partake o f a con­trac t signed on the basis of not solv ing grievances. They have voted to stop GM from g rind ing th e ir lives in to the cars on the assembly line through the savage speed-up, and they w ant a fu l l w eek’s pay so tha t they need no longer w o rk tw o jobs to support a fam ily .

'Louis XIV ' McDonald — I Am the Steel Union

By Gordo r BaileyW hile Senator John F. Kennedy was te llin g the U nited Steel W orkers Convention

he wished his colleagues on the Senate Labo r Investiga ting Com m ittee “ could see th is democratic union in action,” President Da /id J. McDonald was organizing a lynch attack on his p rinc ipa l opposition in the union. Donald R arick, leader of the Dues Protest Movement, was hooted,*------------------------------------------------booed and threatened w ith bod ily harm by the McDonald machine men, and a ll bu t ex ­pelled on the spot when he defended his p rinc ip les before the delegates.

In the past tw o years Rarick led a large m in o rity o f rank and file w orkers who supported h im on the issue o f a dues in ­crease and of democratic p ro ­cedures in the union. By o f­fic ia l count he polled 226,000 votes last year when he con­tested McDonald fo r the presi­dency. This was over one th ird of the votes cast. The Rarick forces came to the convention w ith a num ber o f proposals fo r dem ocratizing the union.

McDonald m et this th rea t to his bureaucratic regim e by o r­ganizing a campaign, no t on ly to d rive the DPC leadership out of the union, bu t to make the form ation o f any fu tu re oppo­sition movement impossible. To do th is he converted the con­vention in to a v ig ilan te -type tr ia l w ith the accused condemn­ed in advance.

The patte rn of attack was embodied in a resolution p re ­pared by M cDonald fo r adop­tion by the convention. This resolution charged tha t the R arick forces "under the guise of protesting a constitu tiona l dues increase, are in fact . . . advocating dual unionism , a t­tem pting to destroy or weaken the union . . . and carry ing on slander and lib e l." The Dues Protest Movement was also ac­cused o f m eeting in "secret conclaves." For these alleged crimes the resolution called fo r the expulsion of R arick and his supporters.

C entra l to the a ttack on R arick is the charge of “ dual unionism .” This was the accu­sation W illia m Green and the old A F L bureaucracy leveled at John L. Lew is when he set out to organize the indus tria l w o rk ­ers whom the c ra ft unions were re luctan t to take in. A pp lied to the Dues Protest Movement the charge has even les^ v a lid ­ity than in Green's day. A t no tim e d id R arick or other lead-1

U nited Steel W orkers presi­dent David J. McDonald (le ft) and U.S. Steel vice-president John A. Stephens. Before c u r r e n t offensive against union by steel barons, M c­Donald argued tha t steel w orkers and bosses were "partners ."

ers o f the DPC propose the form ation of any organization outside the USW : they fought on ly to change the po licy of the Steel W orkers Union, and i f possible, to change its lead­ership. N icholas Mam ula, a leader o f the DPC, defended the m in o rity against the charge by saying, ‘ ‘I f we are dual unionists, fe llow steelworkers, then the Republicans and Demo­crats are dual Am ericans.”'WE ARE THE U N IO N 'SAYS U N IO N BUR EAU CR ACY

W hat McDonald means by the charge of dual unionism is th is : the R arick group opposes M c­D onald’s leadership o f the union. M cDonald, the o ffic ia l­dom, and the union are one and the same. Therefore, in a ttack­ing M cDonald and the other officials, the DPC leaders are a ttacking the union, and so must be anti-U SW and “ dual unionists.”

This is how the Com m unist

P a rty “ reasons” when i t charges socialist critics of the K re m lin regime w ith being “ an ti-Soviet.” C ap ita lis t po litic ians likew ise use th is fram e-up technique when they label opponents of the ir policies tra ito rs to the country.

A subsid iary charge leveled against the R arick group was tha t i t met in "secret con­claves" to map strategy. "Se­cret conclave" is McDonald's term fo r a caucus meeting. The r ig h t to fo rm factions and to organize caucus meetings is an inherent part o f un ion democ­racy. I t is so recognized in a num ber o f unions today and was once upheld in m any CIO unions.

N ot on ly have rank and file unionists discussed union a f­fa irs in caucus meetings, bu t McDonald and a ll other union bureaucrats meet in secret con­claves a ll the time. A l l too often th e ir secret conclaves have been w ith the employers behind the backs o f the m em ­bership.

The fu l l in ten t o f the a n ti- R arick resolution was revea l­ed in the convention sessions. The resolution, coupled w ith M cDonald's o p e n i n g speech ca lling on the delegates to “ r ip th is cancer from you r bowels,” set the tone o f the convention. The R arick forces were made to appear as accused crim ina ls ra ther than as leaders o f a fac­tion w ith a program to present.

W hen R arick and M am ula rose to speak delegates booed t i l l they could not be heard. Motions fro m the floor called fo r th e ir im m ediate expulsion, w h ile McDonald suggested tha t the accused resign at once and save the union the troub le o f a tr ia l. M eanw hile a coffin m a rk ­ed Dues Protest M ovem ent was paraded through the conven­tion.

W h ile R arick and M am ula stood up w ith courageous firm ­ness i t was obvious from th is travesty that on ly a soundly organized rank and file m ove­ment w ith a fu l ly rounded p ro ­gram can establish genuine democracy in the USW.

...Racist Grip Weakening in Little Rock

R O LLIN G CLASSROOMCamargo H igh School in

M ount S terling, K entucky, was so overcrowded at the opening of the school term that a sev­enth grade class had to hold classes in the school bus tha t brought them. This same year Congress declined to pass any legislation to aid school b u ild ­ing programs.

D ETR O ITFri., Oct. 10, 8 P.M. Socialist

W orkers Candidate fo r G overn­or F rank Love ll speaks on “ The New U AW C ontract — Gains and Losses fo r the A u to W ork ­ers.” Debs H a ll, 3737 W ood­ward.

•LOS ANG ELES

F ri.. Oct. 10, 8:15 P.M. J. Storm speaks on “ China, F o r­mosa and the U nited States.” Second in scries o f b iw eekly fa ll forums. Forum H all, 1702 E. 4th St. Ausp.: In te rna tiona l Socialist Review.

f Continued from Page 1)weeks o r months. Another method o f ge tting around the h igh court’s ru lin g w h ich is being openly discussed by V ir ­g in ia offic ia ls is the reopening on ly of those grades or class­rooms to w h ich no Negro c h il­dren have been assigned by the federal courts. Since the court- ordered in tegra tion in V irg in ia , as in L it t le Rock, is token, such a reopening w ou ld b ring at least ha lf o f the 12,000 students now locked out back to the classrooms. I t is h ig h ly u n like ­ly tha t th is could get by the high court’s ru lin g against tr icks and schemes to c ircum vent de­segregation.

For fo u r years Southern o f­ficia ls have brandished the th rea t o f school closings as the most te rrib le weapon in th e ir arsenal of “ massive resistance.” Now tha t weapon is being pu t to the test i t is clear that i t is a two-edged sword — as lik e ly to cu t the w ie lde r as the opponent.FALSE PICTURE OF U N IT Y

The po litic ians and press of the Southern ru lin g class have succeeded in g iv ing the w orld a false p ic tu re of a w h ite popu­la tion un ited in absolute oppo­

s ition to school desegregation This false p ic tu re was accepted and even b u ilt up by W ashing­ton and the N orthern press. The silencing o f a ll p ro-in tegra tion voices among the w hites o f the South by te rro r, threats, and piessure made this claimed unan im ity o f Southern whites against in tegra tion seem to be true. The process by w hich the extrem e racists arrogated to themselves the r ig h t to speak fo i the w hole w h ite South was made all the easier by the crim ina l cowardice o f the labor movem ent whose in te rest and d u ty should have obliged i t to expose the m yth of a united racist South. B u t union leaders in the South ou t o f fear, or vo lu n ta rily , lapsed in to silence or even conformed by opposing in tegration. N ational A FL-C IO leaders, like Meany and Reu­ther, fac ilita ted labor’s de fau lt by condoning the silence of Southern unions and by steer­ing clear o f the L it t le Rock situa tion personally and o r­ganizationally.

INTERESTS DIVERGEB ut the apparent racist so li­

d ity o f the w h ite South is spurious. I t is a superficial covering fo r class antagonisms and d ivergent m ate ria l in te r-

BOSTONW orkers Educational Center, Gains­

borough Bldg., 295 H untington Ave. B U F FA LO

M ilita n t Forum , 831 M ain St. C hIC A G O

Socialist W orkers P a rty , 777 W . Adams, D E 2-9736.

C L E V E L A N DSocialist W orkers P a rty 10609 Su­

perior Ave., Room 301, S W 1-1818. Open F rid ay nights 7 to 9.

D E T R O ITEugene V . Debs H a ll, 3737 W ood­

ward.LOS A NG ELES

Forum H all and Modern Book Shop, 1702 E. 4th St. A N 9-4953 or A N 3- 1533. Book Shop open Mon. 7 -9 P .M .; W ed. 8 -10 P .M .; Sat. 12-5 P .M .

M IL W A U K E E 150 East Juneau Ave.

M IN N E A P O L ISSocialist W orkers P a rty , 322 Hen­

nepin A ve., 2nd floor. Open noon to 6 P .M . daily except Sundays.

N E W A R KN ew ark Labor Forum , Box 361,

New ark, N. J.N E W Y O R K C IT Y

M ilita n t Labor Forum , 116 U n iver­s ity Place, A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D - B E R K E L E YP.O. Box 341, Berkeley 1, Calif.

P H IL A D E L P H IAM ilita n t Labor Forum and Cam ­

paign H dqtrs . S o c i a l i s t W orkers P arty , 1303 W . G irard Ave.

SA N FRANCISCOThe M ilita n t, 1145 Polk St., Rm. 4.

S a t. I I A M. t o 3 P .M . P h o n e : P R 6- 7296; i f n o a n s w e r , V A 4 -232 1.

S E A T T L E655 M ain St.. M U 2 -7139. L ib ra ry ,

bookstore. Classes every Frid ay eve­ning at 8 P .M . Open House following at 10:30 P .M .

ST. LO U ISFor in form ation phone M O 4-7194-

ests. As long as the actual ma te r ia l interests of the w h ite w orkers and m idd le class are not d ire c tly affected they con fo rm by g iv ing verba l support to the an ti-in teg ra tion line. Once, however, the issue passes from the realm of mere ta lk and threats — in which, m ore­over, Faubus and his i lk seemed to be w inn ing — the m ateria l interests of w h ite working-class and m iddle-class parents d ic ­tates a break w ith “ massive re ­sistance” racism. T he ir ch ild ren are being deprived of schooling, they may not be able to gradu­ate in June, may not be able to enter college, etc. T he ir verbal com m ittm ent t o segregation must now be weighed against such real, tang ib le self-interest.

Though the schools have been closed but a few weeks, there are already signs tha t the much- advertised “ u n a n im ity ” of the Southern w hites against in te ­gration is beginning to break up. W h ite student groups in L it t le Rock and N o rfo lk have asked tha t the schools be open­ed w ith in tegration. The latest demonstration was in N orfo lk where about 100 w h ite students of G ranby H igh School gathered in an adjacent park ing lo t and solic ited signatures to a petition fo r opening ihe school in com­pliance w ith the court order on in tegration. They carried signs procla im ing "W e w ant an edu­cation" and "W e w ant school to open."

In a ll the affected cities w h ite m in isters have called fo r ac­ceptance of in tegra tion and school reopening. Law yers in L it t le Rock put a jo in t adver­tisement in the papers decla r­ing tha t Gov. Faubus’ “ p riva te ” school p lan was unconstitu tion ­al. P rio r to Faubus’ rigged plebiscite, lhe Legis la tive Sec­re ta ry of the Parent-Teachers Association o f the a ll-w h ite Forest Park grade school pu t out a m imeographed leaflet ex­p la in ing the gim m icks in the com ing ba llo ting. This leaflet was taken home to th e ir parents by the ch ild ren o f the school. Its key passage said: “ A lthough it may be extrem ely distastefu l fo r you to m ark your b a llo t fo r racia l in tegration, th is is the on ly choice the ba llo t a llow s i f

the schools are to be reopened.”These voices in the w h ite

com m unity are s t i l l weak bu t they are significant. So fa r they are a ll m iddle-class. I f the courts keep the schools from reopening on a J im Crow basis and i f the Eisenhower adm in is­tra tion gives no sign of sur­render, the people w il l soon come to realize tha t Faubus cannot de live r despite his p ro ­mises and “ smashing” p lebiscite v ic to ry . Then the demand fo r school reopening w ith in tegra ­tion can become a mass demand of the w h ite parents and a w ar- c ry against Faubus.D AN G ER OF V IO LEN C E

Faubus, A lm ond and the other Southern Democratic leaders, who are so deeply com m itted to “ massive resistance,” w e ll realize th is dangerous possib il­ity . W ill they s it by passively and a llow such a development? I f s6 they are com m itting p o li­tica l suicide. The danger is tha t they w il l resort to the tra d i­tiona l device o f Southern dema­gogues to re-cement the w h ite com m un ity ’s “ u n ity ” — the launching of a campaign of v io ­lence against the Negroes.

A ll the resources o f the state and c ity apparatus, the W h ite C itizens Councils, plus the chronic fr ic tions tha t exist in a segregated society, are at Faubus’ disposal fo r the in s ti­gation of anti-N egro violence.

Ominous signs already exist. Faubus has declared tha t school in tegra tion w i l l mean "b lood ­shed on the streets" in L it t le Rock. I. F. Slone reports from tha t c ity (I. F. Stone's W eekly, Sept. 22) tha t the Negro com­m un ity fears attack and is p re ­paring fo r self defense. The C hris tian Science M on ito r (Sept. 29), reporting N AAC P plans to have Negro ch ildren apply to the c ity ’s schools w hether they reopen as public or p riva te , comments: “ I f th is happens, the people in L it t le Rock fear tha t mobs w il l fo rm again and the threat o f violence w il l hang over the c ity .” A lready provo­cative incidents have taken place. Thus on Oct. 1, a 22-year old Negro youth was shot in the arm by w h ite boys in a passing car who yelled epithets at h im .

Brief Linden GM Strike On Speedup, Seniority

L IN D E N , N.J., Sept- 30— General M otors assembly p lan t workers here have voted unanim ously tha t the ir grievances over w o rk ing conditions m ust be settled before