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TrainMoS II
Natural gas
Marta MargaritGeneral Secretary
Madrid, November 2015
All rigths reserved
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Agenda
Natural gas characteristics
Natural gas usages
Natural gas value chain
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Agenda
Natural gas characteristics
Natural gas usages
Natural gas value chain
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What is natural gas?
Non manufactured fuel
Fossil fuel with
characteristics similar to oil
83%-97% methane
Odorless
Non toxic
Burns more cleanly
High calorific parameter
High level of reservesMethane
Main features
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Types of gaseous fuels
Manufactured gas: Distilled from coal , naphtha cracking or reforming of
natural gas.
Natural gas: Accompanying the oil (associated gas ) or exclusive deposits (
gas bags covered by impermeable layers). Its formation process is similar to
that of oil
LGP gas: Butane and propane. Present in crude oil that are separated by
fractional distillation.
Propaned air: Obtained by mixture of propane and air ( substitute
manufactured gas or natural gas).
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Components Natural gas Propane Propaned air
Methane 83% - 97% - -
Ethane 0,3% - 11% 0,6% 0,3%
Propane 0,1% – 2% 87,5% 48,2%
Buthane 0,1% – 0,8% 11,9% 6,5%
Pentaten < 0,2% - -
> C5 < 0,1% - -
CO2 < 0,2% - -
Nitrogen 0,6% - 5,7% - 36%
Oxigen - - 9%
Different from other commercial gases
Aproximated values
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Agenda
Natural gas characteristics
Natural gas usages
Natural gas value chain
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Natural gas usages
– As a fuel
• Industrial sector
• Residential and commercial sectors
• Transport
– Cryogenia and cold generation
– Raw material for chemical and petrochemical industry
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• Power generation
• Steam generation
• Cogeneration
Energy generation
Termic processes
• Smelting furnaces, melting , baked, annealed and
tempered (glass, steel, ceramic , cement ,
textiles, etc. )
• Steam generation ( Food, textile, paper ,
chemistry, etc. )
• Dryers and dehydrators (Food)
INDUSTRIAL
Natural gas as a fuel
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Natural gas as a fuel
Residentialand
commercialsector
• Heating and A / C (individual / central )
• Hot water (individual / central )
• Kitchen appliances , dryers, ...
• Fireplaces
Transport
• AEROSPACE
• RAILWAY
• HIGHWAY
• MARITIME
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Between the 1980s and 1990BNSF Railway Co ( successor toBurlington Nothern Railroad )operated some locomotivesoperated with LNG.
Jun, 2013. Clean Energy Fuels reports its first agreement with GE Transportation to supply LNG as fuel rail a new initiative in its last road to the uses of natural gas.In the picture a locomotive engine ' Evolution Series' of GE .
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Agenda
Natural gas characteristics
Natural gas usages
Natural gas value chain
Natural gas value chain
DISTRIBUTOR
Distribution
consumers
PRODUCERExtraction
Gas field
Undergroundstorage
Gas field
Extraction
TRANSPORT
Maritimgransport
TRANSPORT
Regasificationplant
Liquefactionplant TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
PRODUCER
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Transport and storage
– Natural gas is transported by pipeline in gaseous state at higher pressures,
• Due to its low critical temperature , it is not liquefied at room temperature with
increasing pressure.
– It is also transported in cryogenic vessels and tanks in liquid phase.
• Cooling it down to -163 ° C at atmospheric pressure .
– Storaged in
• Cryogenic tanks, in liquid phase.
• Underground storage under high pressure, in gaseous phase.
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Natural gas – transport by pipeline
Transport: pipelines at more than 60 bar
Secondary transport: pipelines > 16 bar and ≤ 60 bar
Distribution network : pipelines ≤ 16 bar
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The loss pressure in the primary pipelines for transporting is corrected by
compression stations located along the network.
Natural gas – transport by pipeline
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Natural gas – transport by pipeline
Successive reductions in pressure from the primary transport networks to
distribution networks are made by regulating stations.
≤ 5 bar≤ 16 bar
≤ 2 bar ≤ 0,1 bar80 - 72 bar 1
65 2 0,1
High preassure Medium preassure Low preassure
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKTRANSPORT NETWORK
GAS FIELD
REGASIFICATION PLANT
REGULATION STATION CONNECTION VALVE
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Source: Eurogas
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LNG characteristics
The liquefied natural gas is considered a clean energy because of its
characteristics :
– It produces less CO2 per unit of energy of all fossil fuels.
– It contains no sulfur , so it does not appear SO2 in combustion.
– No solid particles are produced .
– It does not contain metals .
– The technology developed for the combustion of natural gas reduces the
formation of nitrogen oxides.
– In all industrial applications its performance is high, thus reducing the
consumption of primary energy.
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19 countries, 25 instalations 30 countries, 110 instalation
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PRODUCTO %
Diesel 100
Gasolina 102,3
LPG 110
LNG 121,13
LNG characteristics
If we transport 1kg of the following products , how much energy we are
moving?
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LNG chain
LNG vessel
Natural gas – LNG transport
REGASIFICATION PLANTGAS FIELD LIQUIFACTION PLANT LOAD TRANSPORT UNLOAD REGASIFICATION PLANT TRANSPORT BY PIPELINE
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LNG is transported in cryogenic liquid tanks - 163 ° C and slightly above
atmospheric pressure. Its density is 600 times that of natural gas in gas
phase. The gas discharged into LNG terminal must be compressed to the
pressure gas transmission pipeline and convert to gas.
Natural gas – LNG transport
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Natural gas – Europe infrastructures
Operatiing plants
Plants under construction
Source: GIE map 2015
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LNG – satelite plants
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LNG – satelite plants
www.sedigas.es
Síguenos en:
@sedigas www.linkedin.com/company/Sedigas
Plaza Lesseps 33, Entlo. 3-A08023 BarcelonaTel.: 93 417 28 04Fax: 93 418 62 19
Antracita, 7, 4a28045 Madrid
Tel.: 93 467 03 59Fax: 93 418 62 19
