15
ZIJY\AXQ AZZYIZ AK JDAKAJ@D AKCN\G@XAJZ @|ykoyg`| \ihhq G`|iu`ddq Jb|az Ag`cahnk i`zqu`xaikx|ijn|hzEfg`ad+jng jb|az0<Eyid+`j+yo Zjbnnd nc Jnguyxakf$ Akcn|g`xank Zjbnnd nc Jnguyxakf$ Akcn|g`xank Xijbkndnfq `kh Ikfakii|akf Xijbkndnfq `kh Ikfakii|akf Ykasi|zaxq nc I`zx Dnkhnk$ Ykasi|zaxq nc I`zx Dnkhnk$ Hnjod`khz J`guyz$ Ykasi|zaxq V`q$ Hnjod`khz J`guyz$ Ykasi|zaxq V`q$ Dnkhnk I03 <\H Dnkhnk I03 <\H  Cn|gi|dq $ Bi`h nc G`k`figikx nc  Xijbkndnfq Ykax$ Pyiik G`|q$ Ykasi|zaxq nc  Dnkhnk+ Fyizx Zigak`| Di jxy| i| `x Yka si| zax q nc J`gl|ahfi+ Fyizx Dijxy|i| `x Ykasi|zaxq nc Nrcn|h+ @JOKNVDIHFIGIKXZ U|ncizzn| H|+ O`n|a Z`z`oa$ Agui|a`d Jnddifi$ —Uyldaj Ykhi|zx`khakf nc Jnguyxi| H`x`l`ziz ak Bi`dxb J`|i+ Ykasi|zaxq nc J`gl|ahfi cn| xbi Zijy|axq Zigak`| Zi|aiz bidh `x J`gl|ahfi+ Viddjngi X|yzx cn| biducyd akcn|g`xank nk akcn|g`xajz+ OIQVN\HZ= Ak cn |g`x aj z$ Jda ka j` d Ak cn |g`xa jz$ Idijx|n kaj U`xaik x \ijn| hz$ Xijbk ndnfq $ Zijy|a xq Azzyiz$ U|as`jq $ @yxbik xaj`xan k$ Akcn|g`xank Ldnjoakf Gijb`kazgz+ @LZX\@JX Xbi |n di nc Akcn|g`xajz ak Jdakaj `d Akz xaxy xank z$ Bi` dxb N|f `kaz `xan kz `kh Bnzuax `dz b`si liik xnv`|h z agu| izzas i f|nvxb ak `hn uxak f Xij bkndnf aiz vba jb bidu ak g`oakf jdakaj`d hijazankz$ agu|nsi j`| i$ agudigikx akf bi` dxb akc n|g`xank zqzxigz `kh jdakaj`d g`k`figikx+ Akxi|kix$ Xijbk ndnfa iz$ Zncxv`|i agudigikx `xan kz `|i civ xi| gak ndnfai z vbajb hizj|ali xbi bi`dxb n|f`kaz`xankz ak xbi u|iz ikx jnkha xankz + X|`kz cn|gak f xbi  u`ui| l`zih gihaj`d |ijn|hz xn idijx|nkaj v`z `k i`|dai| x`zo `kh knv x|`kzcn|gakf xbi Idi jx |n kaj U` xa ikx \ijn|h z ak xn ha sa za nkz daoi zygg`| q `kh hix`ad ih |ijn|hz `|i kiv ak Bi`dxb n|f`kaz`xankz ak  KBZ+ @z Akxi|kix az xbi g`mn| zny|ji nc jnggyk aj`xank `kh akxi|` jxank lixvii k  ubqza ja `kz$ u` xa ik xz `kh bi `d xbj` |i  u|nsa hi |z xbi h`x` n| xbi akcn|g`x ank zxn |ih az knx u|a s`x i+ Gn| i hid ali |`x ank zbnydh li xnv`|hz Zijy|axq |ipya|igikxz zyjb `z Hqk`gaj @yxbn|a}`xank ‚ xbaz zxiu g` oiz hijazan kz l` zih nk |y kxagi  u`|`gixi|z `kh knx nk myzx |ndi nc xbi yzi|$ Gydxa C`jxn| @yxbikxaj`xank ‚ gn|i xb`k xvn xqu iz nc `yx bik xaj` xank u|n jihy|i z zbnydh li g`hi g`kh`xn|q xn xbi zx`cc$ bi` dxbj`|i u|n sah i|z `kh jngu`k aiz xn `jxy`ddq saiv ` u`xaikxz bi`dxb akcn|g`xank `kh @jjizz Jnkx|nd gijb`kazgz vbajb ik`ldiz `h ga ka zx|` xn|z xn `jxy`d dq cadxi| xbi `yxbn|a}`xank ui|gazzankz nc xbi yzi|+ Xbaz u`ui| |iun|xz nk xbi Zijy|axq Azzyiz |id`xih xn u|as`jq nc xbi h`x` `kh agudigikxakf u|as`jq g`akx`akakf zixxakfz daoi `yxbik xaj `xank `kh ldnjoa kf nc xbi akcn|g`x ank `jjn|hakf xn xbi u` xai kx z  unakx nc sa iv `|i akx|nh yj ih+ Xb iz i U| as`jq Ld njoa kf `kh @yxbikxaj `x ank zixxakfz `|i akx|nhyjih ak I`zqu `xaikx| ijn|h z vbajb az irjdy zasidq hizafkih xn bidu ykhi|zx`kh xbi kiih cn|  u|as`jq jnkx|nd `kh vadd li si|q biducyd cn| Zygg`|q J`| i \ij n|h z+ Xbi |i` znk  KBZ `kh K`xan k` d U| nf|`ggi cn | AX "KUcAX ! zbny dh jnkz ahi| `kh agudigikx xbizi ak Zygg`|q J`|i \ijn|hz az lij`yzi xbi ZJ\ az `jj izz ald i lq jda kaj` d zx`cc$ igi|fikjq zx`cc `kh `dzn lq xbi u`xaikx+ Xbi u|izikx ZJ\ az gazzakf xbi u|as`jq dnjo z `kh `y xbik xa j` xa nk "u`zzvn| h |ij nfk axan k u`fi! vba jb `|i akx |nhyji h xb|nyfb xbaz u`ui|+ 0

SECURITY ISSUES IN CLINICAL INFORMATICS

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Page 1: SECURITY ISSUES IN CLINICAL INFORMATICS

8/8/2019 SECURITY ISSUES IN CLINICAL INFORMATICS

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/security-issues-in-clinical-informatics 1/15

ZIJY\AXQ AZZYIZ AK JDAKAJ@D AKCN\G@XAJZ

@|ykoyg`| \ihhq G`|iu`ddq Jb|az Ag`cahnk

i`zqu`xaikx|ijn|hzEfg`ad+jng jb|az0<Eyid+`j+yo  Zjbnnd nc Jnguyxakf$ Akcn|g`xank Zjbnnd nc Jnguyxakf$ Akcn|g`xank

Xijbkndnfq kh Ikfakii|akf Xijbkndnfq kh Ikfakii|akfYkasi|zaxq nc I`zx Dnkhnk$ Ykasi|zaxq nc I`zx Dnkhnk$

Hnjod`khz J`guyz$ Ykasi|zaxq V`q$ Hnjod`khz J`guyz$ Ykasi|zaxq V`q$

Dnkhnk I03 <\H Dnkhnk I03 <\H

  Cn|gi|dq$ Bi`h nc G`k`figikx nc Xijbkndnfq Ykax$ Pyiik G`|q$ Ykasi|zaxq nc 

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ak Bi`dxb J`|i‗+

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|ijn|hz `|i kiv ak Bi`dxb n|f`kaz`xankz ak

 KBZ+

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Azzyiz |id`xih xn u|as`jq nc xbi h`x` `kh

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daoi `yxbikxaj`xank `kh ldnjoakf nc xbi

akcn|g`xank `jjn|hakf xn xbi u xaikx‑z

  unakx nc saiv `|i akx|nhyjih+ Xbizi

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dnjoz `kh `yxbikxaj xank "u`zzvn|h

|ijnfkaxank u`fi! vbajb `|i akx|nhyjih

xb|nyfb xbaz u`ui|+

0

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0+ AKX\NHYJXANKXbi j|i`xank `kh yz`fi nc Idijx|nkaj

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:

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zncxv`|i$ `uunakxgikx zncxv`|i `kh g`kq

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8

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`hsaji$ akcn|g`xank `kh |i`zzy|`kji+

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j`k b`si xbi `jjizz xn xbi u`xaikx‑z |ijn|hz

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zijy|ih+ Nki nc xbi `yxbikxaj xank

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1

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05

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Idijx|nkaj U`xaikx \ijn|hz

`kh xbi zqzxigz yzih xn

zxn|i |ix|aisi `kh g`k`fi

xbizi |ijn|hz+

Vb`x `jxy ddq b`uuikakfak KBZ `kh Jdakaj`d

Akcn|g`xajz `kh AX

U|nf|`ggiz cn|  

agu|nsakf bi`dxbj`|i+

Zyggi|q J |i \ijn|hz

vbajb `|i gnzx

jnkx|nsi|za`d `zuijx

 lij`yzi nc u|as`jq azzyiz

  lyx ac jnkzahi|ih xbi

 likicaxz nc ZJ\ ax az si|q

yzicyd `x xagiz nc  

igi|fikjq+

ZPD Akmijxank `kh xquiz

nc Pyi|aiz `kh x|aih zngi

pyi|aiz vbajb `|i

irjdyzasidq cn|  

ihyj`xank`d uy|unzi+

Agudigikx`xank nc zijy|axq ci`xy|iz daoi

UOA `kh Zg`|x j |h @yxbikxaj xank

Gijb`kazg `kh jnglak`xank nc lnxb xbi

xijbkapyiz gyzx li `hnuxih cn| isik gn|i

xafbx zijy|axq+

6+: CYXY\I VN\O 

Gydxac`jxn| @yxbikxaj xank

xijbkapyiz xn xafbxik xbi zijy|axq+

Aksndsigikx nc u`xaikx‑z |ndi ak

xbia| nvk Ui|znk`d U`xaikx \ijn|h

`kh u|nsahakf akcn|g`xank nk

zijy|axq xb|nyfb zigak`|z `kh

  u| jxaj`d irud`k`xank nc U|as`jq

`kh bnv xn g`k`fi xbi bi`dxb

|ijn|hz+

@uu|nsih jdakaj`d zx`cc xn nui|`xi

Jnguyxi|z `kh Zncxv`|i+

00

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Jnguyxi|azih ubqzaja`kz vbajb

gi`kz vbik xbi|i az ` zaxy`xank

vbik xbi hnjxn| b`z xn u|izj|ali `

  u`xaikx xb|nyfb Idijx|nkaj

U|izj|auxank Zi|saji$ xbi

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`|i hiuikhakf+

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xnv`|hz H x` U|nxijxank `kh

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Jnkcahikxa`daxq+

Nkdq agudigikxakf jnzxdq

zncxv`|i az knx |i`ddq xbi

jnkjdyzank `lnyx fasakf py`daxq nc 

j`|i xn u`xaikx+

@ag zbnydh li xnv`|hz nk bnv xnyzi xbi zncxv`|i+

Zijy|axq jnkji|kz zbnydh li

xnv`|hz Zijy|i Zxn|`fi$ Zijy|i

Jnggykaj`xank$ g`k`figikx `kh

agudigikx xank `kh Kixvn|o 

U|nxijxank+

@z hazjyzzih ak xbi |iun|x `lnyx Zijy|axq

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@yxbikxaj`xank$ xbi agudigikx`xank nc `kq

zncxv`|i cn| jdakaj d uy|unzi gyzx li

zijy|idq jnkcafy|ih+ Nki |ijikx ir`gudi

az KBZ n|f`kaz`xank ak Kn|xb Dnkhnk b`si

agudigikxih Gydxa C`jxn| @yxbikxaj`xank

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zyjb `z UOA `kh Zg`|x J`|h vbajb az xn

ikzy|i xb`x u`xaikx‑z idijx|nkaj h`x` az knx

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zijy|axq l|i`jbiz+

6+8 CAKHAKFZ@cxi| agudigikxakf xbi vbndi vn|o xbi|i

`|i civ xbakfz A knv oknv `lnyx Jdakaj`d

Akcn|g`xajz=   Knx nkdq Idijx|nkaj U xaikx

\ijn|hz `|i u`|x nc Jdakaj`d

Akcn|g`xajz xbi|i `|i g`kq nxbi| 

`zuijxz nc Jdakaj`d Akcn|g`xajz

zyjb `z Idijx|nkaj U|izj|auxank

Zi|saji$ ziu`| xi D`l \iun|x

Zi|sajiz `kh jnglak`xank nc 

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Jdakaj`d Akcn|g`xajz+

@lnyx v|nkf yz`fi nc h`x` zyjb

`z u|nsahakf `jjizz xn xbiakcn|g`xank xn Akzy|`kji

jngu`kaiz `kh H|yf

g`kyc`jxy|akf jngu`kaiz isik

xbnyfb xbi|i `|i zafkacaj`kx

 likicaxz ac xbi h`x` nc ` u`xaikx az

fasik xn `k akzy|`kji jngu`kq+

D`jo nc jnguyxi| `kh zncxv`|i`uudaj`xank oknvdihfi ak jdakaj`d

zx`cc+

D`jo nc oknvdihfi `lnyx

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Zygg`|q J`|i \ijn|hz vadd li

`yxng`xaj`ddq yudn`hih nk xn xbi

vil ac xbi|i az kn |izunkzi c|ng

xbi u`xaikx+

@lnyx ZPD Akmijxankz u|`jxaj`ddq+

Agudigikx`xank oknvdihfi `lnyx

Hng`ak K`gi Zi|si|z `kh

\ifazxi|akf Hng`akz+ @lnyx Vil Bnzxakf+

@jxasaxaiz `lnyx Hiu`|xgikx nc 

Bi`dxb$ KBZ ud`kz$ U|ag`|q J`|i

x|yzxz$ K`xank`d U|nf|`ggi cn| 

Akcn|g`xank Xijbkndnfq `kh

g`kq bi`dxbj`|i u|nsahi|z `kh xbi

|ndi nc xbig ak Jdakaj`d

Akcn|g`xajz+

6+9 JNKJDYZANK

@j|nzz xbi vbndi hnjygikx xbi|i `|izisi| d jb`uxi|z vbajb hizj|ali xbi

`zuijxz nc Jdakaj`d Akcn|g`xajz `kh nki axz

`uudaj`xank az xbi Idijx|nkaj U xaikx

\ijn|hz$ xbi g`ak `ag nc xbi zqzxig az xn

  u|nsahi agu|nsih py`daxq nc j`|i xn

 u`xaikxz+

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 l`jof|nykh bi|i az xbi  zijy|axq vbajb ak

xy|k gi`kz xn u|nxijx xbi JA@ x|a`h nc xbih`x`$ knxbakf lyx Jnkcahikxa`daxq$ Akxif|axq

`kh @s`ad`ladaxq nc xbi h`x`?  u|as`jq vbajb

gi`kz cnddnvakf i`jb `kh isi|q xi|gz n| 

|ydiz `kh |ifyd`xankz zix lq xbi bi`dxb

hiu`|xgikx nk H`x U|nxijxank+ Xbaz az

`lnyx xbi akcn|g`xank ak Idijx|nkaj U`xaikx

\ijn|hz$ xbi zijy|axq `kh u|as`jq nc xbi

h x` j`k li |ihyjih ac nkdq Jnguyxi| 

Daxi|`xi Igudnqiiz `|i vn|oakf vaxb xbi

zqzxigz n| lq x|`akakf ` jdakaj`d zx`cc+

Zygg`|q J`|i \ijn|hz `|i u`|x nc 

Idijx|nkaj U`xaikx \ijn|hz vbajb b`z nkdqxbi zygg`|q nc u`xaikx‑z bi`dxb

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akcn|g`xank vbajb az `jjizzaldi lq

Jdakaj`d zx`cc$ Ubqzaja`kz `kh `dzn lq xbi

U`xaikx c|ng baz.bi| ui|znk`d jnguyxi| 

xb|nyfb dnffakf akxn Bi`dxbzu`ji vbajb

 u|nsahi `jjizz xn xbi u`xaikx xn saiv `kh

`gikh jb`kfiz xn ZJ\+

L`zih nk xbi ZJ\ u|nf|`ggi$

oiiuakf ak gakh xbi U`xaikx j`k b`si

`jjizz xn xbia| nvk |ijn|hz xbi hazzi|x`xank

  u|`jxaj`d az hizafkih zuija ddq cn| xbi

 u`xaikx‑z vbn `|i knx vidd c`gada`| vaxb

Jnguyxi|z$ caddakf idijx|nkaj cn|gz `kh

xbizi —Yzi| C|aikhdq @yxbikxaj`xank `kh

Ldnjoakf Zixxakfz‗ j`k `x di`zx |ihyji xbi

 u`xaikx jnkcyzank xnv`|hz vbajb h`x` xn li

irunzih `kh vbajb nc xbi akcn|g`xank xn

 li ldnjoih+

  Kirx laf xbakf az xbi |ndi nc Fnsi|kgikx ak bi dxb hiu`|xgikx$

Bi`dxbj |i n|f`kaz xank KBZ `kh

U|nf|`ggi cn| AX hiu |xgikx$ bnv g`kq

  laddankz `|i zuikx nk Zncxv`|i

Agudigikx`xankz `kh c ady|iz$ `dd xbi

f|nyuz bi|i `|i jnkji|kih `lnyx u`xaikx‑z

h`x` u|as`jq+ Lyx gn|i jnkji|k zbnydh li

xnv`|hz bnv zijy|idq xbi zncxv`|i az

akzx`ddih `kh vbn az yzakf xbi Zncxv`|i$

`|i xbiq x| akih `kh U`xaikx Nvki|zbau

xnv`|hz xbia| nvk h`x`$ xbizi `zuijxz vadd

 l|akf kiv jnkcahikji ak u`xaikxz vbn vazbxn b`si `k ZJ\+ @z hazjyzzih `lnyx Gydxa

c`jxn| @yxbikxaj`xank ak xbi u`ui| `kh

`jjn|hakf xn xbi |ijikx yuh`xiz nk

bi`dxbj`|i `kh KBZ$ zngi nc xbi KBZ

n|f`kaz`xankz agudigikxih <C@ "< C`jxn| 

@yxbikxaj xank! vbajb akjdyhi yzakf nc 

UOA "Uyldaj Akc|`zx|yjxy|i Oiq! `kh Zg`|x

j`|hz cn| xbi yzi| vbn v`kx xn `jjizz xbi

akcn|g`xank |ignxidq+ Vbadi

agudigikxakf xbizi bafb py`daxq zijy|axq

zqzxigz xbi U`xaikxz zbnydh li fasik

akcn|g`xank$ Knxaji$ Hign `lnyx xbi kivxijbkndnfaiz xb`x KBZ az jy||ikxdq yzakf$

  lq hnakf xbaz xbi u`xaikxz vbn `|i knx

akxi|izxih ak Idijx|nkaj \ijn|hz vadd f`ak

x|yzx `kh KBZ gafbx fix fnnh kygli| nc 

ZJ\‑z `z ud`kkih+

2+ \ICI\IKJIZ

Haioig`$ H+ "<505!+ ,U|`jxaj`d Bi`dxbj`|i

Iuahigandnfq+, M`g` :58":!= :98+

Q`zkncc$ V+$ U+ N J`||ndd$ ix `d+ "<555!+

,Uyldaj bi`dxb akcn|g`xajz= agu|nsakf `kh

x|`kzcn|gakf uyldaj bi`dxb ak xbi

akcn|g`xank `fi+, Mny|k`d nc Uyldaj Bi`dxb

G`k`figikx `kh U|`jxaji 3"3!= 36'69+

G`jOai'G`znk$ M+ `kh H+ F|nxb "<505!+

,Vbq `k akcn|g`xajz hif|ii>,+

 KLY$ H+ "<55<!+ ,Gajb`id Cny|g`k+,

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Jnggykaj`xankz nc xbi @JG 9:"<!= <3'

<2+

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akcn|g`xajz u|`jxaxanki|z ak Ikfd`kh‑z

 KBZ saiv xbia| ui|znk`d `kh u|ncizzank`dhisidnugikx+, L| M Bi dxbj`|i Jnguyx

Akcn G`k`fi <8"8!= <5'<<+

Bi|zb$ V+ "<55<!+ ,Gihaj`d akcn|g`xajz=

agu|nsakf bi`dxb j`|i xb|nyfb

akcn|g`xank+, M`g` <22"03!= 0199+

Z`|o`|$ A+ "<505!+ ,Langihaj`d akcn|g`xajz

`kh x|`kzd xank`d gihajaki+, Mny|k`d nc 

X|`kzd`xank`d Gihajaki 2"0!= <<+

Jnzx`$ L+$ O+ Cax}fi|`dh$ ix `d+ "<551!+

,Iccijxasikizz nc AX'l`zih ha lixiz

g`k`figikx akxi|sikxankz= ` |isaiv nc xbi

daxi|`xy|i+, LGJ c`gadq u|`jxaji 05"0!= 6<+

_0W _Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi`dxb+ "<505!$ KBZ=

Akcn|g`xajz Ud`kkakf <505.00+W$

_Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi`dxb+ "<551!$

Agudigikxakf xbi Kirx Zx`fi \isaiv

Sazankz= Xbi Py`daxq `kh U|nhyjxasaxq

Jb`ddikfi+W

F`|hki|$ \+$ M+ Nsi|b`fi$ ix `d+ "<551!+

,Jn|i jnkxikx cn| xbi zylzuija dxq nc 

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@gi|aj`k Gihaj`d Akcn|g`xajz

@zznja`xank 03"<!= 09:+

_L`xiz$ H+ "<55<!+ ,Xbi py`daxq j`zi cn| 

akcn|g`xank xijbkndnfq ak bi dxbj`|i+,

LGJ gihaj d akcn|g`xajz `kh hijazank

g`oakf <"0!= 6+W

0:

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_hi Vadhx$ Z+$ \+ Si|}amhik$ ix `d+ "<556!+

,Dizznk nc xbi Viio= Akcn|g`xank

xijbkndnfq j`kknx fy`|`kxii u xaikx

z`cixq+, LGM= L|axazb Gihaj`d Mny|k`d

::8"6912!= 290+W

_Gy|ubq$ H+$ @+ Lm`|xidd$ ix `d+ "<551!+

,Hnvkzahiz nc |nlnx'`zzazxih d`u`|nzjnuaj

|`haj d u|nzx`xijxngq= dagax`xankz `kh

jngudaj`xankz+, Iy|nui`k Y|ndnfq+W

_<W _Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi`dxb+ "<55<!$

Hidasi|akf <0zx Jikxy|q AX zyuun|x cn| xbi

 KBZ= k`xank`d zx|`xifaj u|nf|`ggi$ Myki

<55<$ u+0W _@jjizzih Mydq <505W

_:W _Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi`dxb+ "<55<!$

Hidasi|akf <0zx Jikxy|q AX zyuun|x cn| xbi KBZ= k`xank`d zx|`xifaj u|nf|`ggi$ Myki

<55<$ u+0W @jjizzih Mydq <505W

_8W _F|iikb dfb$ X+$ O+ Zx|`gi|$ ix `d+

,XBI HISAD‑Z AK XBI HIX@AD+,$

<505W

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akhiuikhikx is dy xank nc xbi Zygg`|q

J`|i \ijn|h `kh Bi`dxbZu`ji

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Dnkhnk? <505+W

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Akcn|g`xajz= @ Kiv U`|`hafg cn| 

@hs`kjiz ak LanGihaj d Akcn|g`xajz+,$

<556W

_Vnnxxnk$ \+ "0113!+ ,Xidigihajaki= `

j`yxanyz vidjngi+, L|axazb Gihaj dMny|k`d :0:"6531!= 0:69+W

_9W _Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi dxb+ "<553!$ KBZ

Ha|ijx Jnggazzank C|`givn|o @u|ad

<553'g`|jb <556= Fyah`kji cn| U|ag`|q

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Ha|ijx Zi|sajiz c|ng @u|ad <553W

_3W _Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi dxb+ "<505!$ 000'

Xbi Kiv Kygli| cn| xbi Cyxy|i nc Knk'

Igi|fikjq Bi`dxb Zi|sajiW

_6W _Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi`dxb+ "<505! —KBZ

Ha|ijx Zi|sajiz `kh kiv KBZ 000

kygli|W

_2W _K`xank`d Akzxaxyxi cn| Bi`dxb `kh

Jdakaj`d Irjiddikji$vvv+isahikji+kbz+yo $ d`zx `jjizzih nk 9xb

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_1W _Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi`dxb+ "<505!$ —C`jxz

`lnyx IU\ idijx|nkaj u xaikx |ijn|hz

izzikxa`d |i`hakf cn| `dd jdakaja`kz$ KBZ

Irijyxasi$ IU\ U|nf|`ggi‗W

_05W _F|i`x L|ax`ak+ U`|da`gikx+ Bnyzi nc 

Jnggnkz+ Bi`dxb Jnggaxxii+ Xbi

Idijx|nkaj U`xaikx \ijn|h= u|nf|izz zakji

<556= Zarxb \iun|x nc Zizzank <553'56W

_00W _AZLK= 5<095:30<:$ F|i`x L|ax`ak+

U`|da`gikx+ Bnyzi nc Jnggnkz+ Bi dxb

Jnggaxxii+ L`||nk$ Oisak$ Xbi idijx|nkaj

  u xaikx |ijn|h = zarxb |iun|x nc zizzank

<553'56+ Snd+ 0 = \iun|x$ xnfixbi| vaxb

cn|g`d gakyxiz+W

_0<W _Bnyzi nc Jnggnkz u`ui|z+ Zizzank

<553'56? BJ 8<<'A

bxxu=..vvv+uyldaj`xankz+u`|da`gikx+yo.u`.

jg<55356.jgzidijx.jgbi`dxb.8<<.8<<+uhc  

W

_V`dun|x$ G+ "<505!+ ,Hn zygg`|q j`|i

|ijn|hz b`si xbi unxikxa`d xn hn gn|i b`|g

xb`k fnnh> Kn+, L|axazb Gihaj d Mny|k`d

:85"myk03 8!= j:5<<+W

_F|iikb`dfb$ X+$ F+ Vnnh$ ix `d+ "<552!+

,U xaikxz& `xxaxyhiz xn xbi zygg`|q j`|i

|ijn|h `kh Bi`dxbZu`ji= py`dax`xasizxyhq+, L|axazb Gihaj`d Mny|k`d ::3"6393!=

0<15W

_Fykxi|$ X+ `kh K+ Xi||q "<559!+ ,Xbi

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|ijn|h `|jbaxijxy|iz ak xbi Ykaxih Zx`xiz

`kh @yzx|`da = gnhidz$ jnzxz$ `kh

pyizxankz+, Mny|k d nc Gihaj d Akxi|kix

\izi`|jb 6"0!+W

_Mnbkznk$ U+ `kh Z+ Vbi`||q "<505!+ ,Xbi

Ahikxacaj`xank `kh \izndyxank nc Ixbaj d

Azzyiz ak Bi dxb J`|i= Xbin|ixaj d `kh

08

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U|`jxaj`d Saivunakxz+, Nkdaki Mny|k`d nc 

Bi`dxb Ixbajz 3"0!+W

_Xz`a$ C+ "<505!+ ,Zijy|axq Azzyiz ak I'

Bi`dxbj`|i+, Mny|k`d nc Gihaj`d `kh

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_Xz`a$ C+$ V+ B`k$ ix `d+ "<551!+ ,Hizafk

`kh hisidnugikx nc ` gnladi uii|'xn'uii| 

znja`d kixvn|oakf `uudaj xank+, Irui|x

Zqzxigz vaxb @uudaj`xankz :3"2!= 00566'

00526+W$

_Jbik$ Q+$ C+ Xz`a$ ix `d+ "<556!+ Ldnf

zi`|jb `kh gakakf ak xbi lyzakizz hng`ak$

@JG+W

_H|axz`z$ Z+$ D+ Fqgknunydnz$ ix `d+"<553!+ ,@ oknvdihfi'l`zih `uu|n`jb xn

zijy|axq |ipya|igikxz cn| i'bi dxb

`uudaj`xankz+, Idijx|nkaj Mny|k d cn| I'

Jnggi|ji Xnndz `kh @uudaj`xankz+W

_L`||nvz$ \+ `kh U+ Jd qxnk "0113!+

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gihaj`d |ijn|hz+, Mny|k`d nc xbi @gi|aj`k

Gihaj`d Akcn|g`xajz @zznja xank :"<!=

0:1+W

_Hvasiha$ @+$ \+ L da$ ix `d+ "<55:!+

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zijy|axq gnhid cn| bi`dxbj`|i akzxaxyxankz+W

_By$ M+ `kh @+ Vi`si| "<558!+ @ hqk`gaj$

jnkxirx'`v`|i zijy|axq akc| zx|yjxy|i cn| 

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_0:W _Hiu`|xgikx nc Bi`dxb+ "<55:!$

Jnkcahikxa`daxq= KBZ Jnhi nc Ixbajz+W

_Oiddq$ F+ `kh L+ GjOik}ai "<55<!+,Zijy|axq$ u|as`jq$ `kh jnkcahikxa`daxq

azzyiz nk xbi Akxi|kix+, Mny|k`d nc Gihaj`d

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