Security at Home and Abroad: The Role of Satellites · Tom Eaton, President, G2 Satellite Solutions, PanAmSat Panelists: Major Robert E Licciardi, Commercial SATCOM Operational Manager,

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Security at Home and Abroad: The Role of SatellitesSecurity at Home and Abroad: The Role of SatellitesModerator:Moderator:

Tom Eaton,Tom Eaton, President, G2 Satellite Solutions, President, G2 Satellite Solutions, PanAmSatPanAmSat

Panelists:Panelists:

Major Robert E Major Robert E LicciardiLicciardi,, Commercial SATCOM Operational Manager, United States Commercial SATCOM Operational Manager, United States Strategic CommandStrategic Command

Colonel Patrick H Colonel Patrick H RayermannRayermann,, G3, Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, US G3, Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, US Army Space and Missile Defense CommandArmy Space and Missile Defense Command

Colonel Thomas D Shearer,Colonel Thomas D Shearer, Chief, Strategy & Planning Integration Division, National Chief, Strategy & Planning Integration Division, National Security Space OfficeSecurity Space Office

AbbasAbbas YazdaniYazdani,, President, President, ArtelArtel, Inc., Inc.

Panel:Security At Home And Abroad - The Role Of SatellitesOctober 26, 2004

Moderator: Tom EatonExecutive Vice President, PanAmSatPresident, G2 Satellite Solutions



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• Intelligence– Geospatial (mapping)– Change detection (imagery)– Consequence Management– Monitoring


Security Applications Driving The Growing Role of Satellites

• Navigation (position, navigation & timing)


• Friendly (“Blue”) Force Situational Awareness– Blue Force Tracking– Movement Tracking System


• Weather• Weather

• Missile Warning• Missile Warning

• Communications– Augmentation– Restitution– Broadcast Information


Source: Colonel Patrick Rayerman, US Army Space and Missile Defense Command

Satellite CommunicationsEver-Increasing Demand Driven By Applications

Information Demand Growing at an Increasing RateInformation Demand Growing at an Increasing RateInformation Demand Growing at an Increasing Rate• Imagery, VTC, video, graphics, databases, collaborative planning• Imagery, VTC, video, graphics, databases, collaborative planning

Source: Colonel Patrick Rayerman, US Army Space and Missile Defense Command

Use of Commercial SatCom – Stage is Set For A Long-Term Relationship

War

fight

er R

equi

rem

ents

(Gbp

s)

GrowingWarfighterSATCOMDemands

20081996 2000 2004 2012

2

6

15

MILSATCOM Modernization

(i.e. WGF)

Commercial SATCOM Serving as

part of the DoD’sGlobal Information

Grid

CurrentMILSATCOMCapabilities(i.e. DSCS)

TransformationalCommunications

Source: Satellite Industry Association – April, 2004

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Panelists:

• Colonel Thomas Shearer, USAF– Chief, Strategy & Planning Integration - National Security Space Office (NSSO)– Director - National Reconnaissance Office (DNRO)– Executive Agent for Space - Department of Defense

• Mr. Abass Yazdani– Founder and President – ARTEL, Inc.

• Major Robert Licciardi, USAF– Commercial SATCOM Operational Manager – United States Strategic Command

DoD and Commercial SATCOM

Col Thomas Shearer, USAF

National Security Space Office

Executive Agent for Space

US Department of [email protected]

Commercial SATCOM Reliance

Growth in required bandwidthPrior to 2000: ~300 MB/secPost 9/11, OIF/OEF: ~3 GB/secFuture: 10-12 GB/sec?

DoD has a heavy reliance on commercial satellite communications to complement DoD-owned SATCOM networks

60% of wideband SATCOM for Operation Enduring Freedom80% of wideband SATCOM for Operation Iraqi Freedom

Increasing threat to space capabilities

140

2,990

8,300

13,800

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

DesertStorm1991

NobleAnvil1999

OEF/OIFPeak -

May2003

OIF Jan2004

bps

per D

eplo

yed

Per

son

9700 %Increase in Bandwidth

per Warfightersince Desert Storm

Source: Defense Information Systems Agency

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Commercial SATCOM continues to be a key component in the future DoD SATCOM architecture

A strong DoD-industry partnership is critical to ensure future capacity, technology, and information assurance needs are available

DoD Commercial SATCOM Study is an important step in building this relationship

Commercial SATCOM Reliance

11 Dec 02

USecAF/DNRO Tasking

Sep 03

NSTACestablishes

Satellite Task Force

USECAF/DNRO initiates protection activities plan

4 Oct 03

~ Spring to Summer ‘06New Strategy for Acquisition and Management of

Commercial SATCOM

Apr 04

5 Oct 04

NSTACSatellite Task Forcereports to President

Deputiesmeeting

Site visitsand Working

Groupdeliberations

May 04thru

Sep 04

4 Mar 04

CEOmeeting with

StudyPrincipals

Principalsapprove

DoDCommercial

SATCOMStudy

24 Mar 04

Oct 04

ASD (NII) Action Plan

finalized

TBD

Outbrief to Principals &

Satellite Industry CEOs

Jan 03

NSSA requests

NSTAC study

ASD (NII) initiates

new strategy review

Mar 04

Jul 03

Telstar 12 RFI Incident

Where we’ve been and where we’re going

30 Aug 04

DISA Request for Info.

USecAF DNRODoD

Executive Agent

NSS Office

SECDEF DCI

AFSPC

SECAF

Intel CommunityDoD Space Activities

SMC PEO NROMDAMDAPlanPlanProgramProgramAcquireAcquireAssessAssess

MDAMDAPlanPlanProgramProgramAcquireAcquireOperateOperateAssessAssess

STRATCOM(via CJCS)

Improving DoD and IC Coordination

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DoD Commercial SATCOM Study

Working group participants include:DoD stakeholders (OSD, Joint Staff, USSTRATCOM, Military Departments, DISA, NSA)Other federal stakeholders (including Homeland Security, State, FCC)Communications satellite network operators, integrators and manufacturers

Commercial Best PracticesWorking GroupChair: ASD(NII)

Wireless Directorate

ProtectionWorking Group

Chair: NSSOPlanning Integration Division

OperationsWorking Group

Chair: USSTRATCOM/CLGlobal C4 Division

Senior Steering GroupDirector, NSSO;

USSTRATCOM/CL; ASD(NII) Wireless;Joint Staff J6V; DISA GIG OPS

PrincipalsUSecAF/DoD EA for Space/DNRO;

USTRATCOM/CC;ASD(NII); Joint Staff J6

Study Outputs to PrincipalsNew strategic approach to commercial SATCOM

Revised acquisition and management approach

“Threshold” and “objective” mission assurance criteria for future National Security Space services

Enhanced protectionIntegrated operations

Action plan

Immediate and near-term actions

Phase-in of long-lead mitigation measures

Key Protection Enablers

Information sharing and analysis

Terrestrial physical security

Supporting infrastructures

Personnel security

Cyber/Network security

Operations security

TT&C information assurance

Space situational awareness

RFI Incident management

Operations management

SATCOM Support to

National Security

Capability and Effect

Commercial SATCOM Mission

Protection

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Protection Enablers Criteria

“Threshold” level : derived from generalized best practice

“Objective” level: desired performance (extension of generalized best practice)

“Bonus” level: exceptional performance

“Unsatisfactory” : shortfall from best practice

T

B

U

O

Security at Home and AbroadThe Role of Satellites

A Commercial Solution

Abbas Yazdani,President, ARTEL, Inc.

A Contract Designed for Maximum FlexibilityMeeting Increased Demand for Critical Communications

• 1991 Gulf War– Congressional mandate – DoD responded with CSCI – First step: MTC 1995– Second Step: DSTS-G February 16, 2001

• Bandwidth• Teleports• Earth Terminals

– Not Much Activity Until:

• 9/11 – Burst of Requirements for Afghanistan Coverage– Followed by Requirements for Iraq Coverage

DSTS-G

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• Pre-proposal technical, service, and price tradeoffs to ensure “best of breed.”

– Level 1: Competition Among Providers– Level 2: Competition Among DSTS-G Primes

• Detailed link budgets for all solutions provided with proposal– Transmission Plans developed with End User

• Enhanced flexibility to buy engineered end-to-end services– Quality engineered solutions derived from multiple providers– Positive Control of carriers and customer support by cleared

personnel– Maintains anonymity of end-users and missions– Host Nation Approvals from multiple sources– “Back stop” end user/DISA to catch & correct engineering errors

DSTS-G

Solutions IntegrationMeeting the Government’s Need for Security Applications

Observed Vulnerability (All Unintentional):• #1: Operator Error—“Blue on Blue” RFI, especially polarization effects• #2: Other Accidental RFI

Vulnerability to intentional Attack:• If an enemy wants to jam our communications—he will always be able to!

• The critical issues are: (a) early detection, (b) determination of cause, (c) geolocation, (d) resolution—including military action.

Vulnerability

The ground and cyber segments are more vulnerable than the RF links and the satellite itself. --NSTAC STF Report

Secure NOCMonitoring of Signals: Global HW/SW/VPNTroubleshooting to resolve problems—no matter who is at faultCleared Personnel: US Citizens with SECRET+Secure point-of-contact—buffer between “uncleared/foreign” service providers and DoD

The DSTS-g primes have the infrastructure and procedures to detect interference and determine its cause. Our satellite operator partners can geolocate. Resolution of unintentional interference is by negotiation—intentional interference is a politico-military event.

DSTS-G

Ability to Minimize Vulnerability

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• In the Fall of 2001 the DSTS-G Primes received a Task Order RFP at 7:30 PM

• By 8:30 PM, DISA had received multiple proposals—all using a PAS transponder

• Well before midnight, the Task Order was awarded—at a price “below market” to ARTEL

• Before midnight, the transponder was available to support the warfighter*

DSTS-G

Fast, Flexible, and Cost-Effective:An Example of Post-9/11 Response

Backup Slides

• COTS M&C SW, COTS Report SW

• NOC staffed by cleared (SECRET Plus) US citizens

• Secure communications: SIPRNet, VPN (for Global M&C feeds), STU-III, Classified Fax

• Restricted entry (staffed lobby, card key to enter office area, additional card entry to NOC area

• Backup facility, UPS

Secure Facilities

ARTEL/CACI NOC

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• FEMA—the Federal Emergency management Agency— needed to establish Disaster Field Offices to support the recovery effort. Having already been placed on alert, ARTEL personnel were dispatched by FEMA under an existing contract to establish the information technology and communications infrastructures at these Field Offices.

• On February 4th, NASA, working through the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) put out a request for communications services to support the recovery effort. This effort was competed through DISA’s DSTS-G contract. ARTEL and Intelsat (The ARTEL Team) offered these services to the Government for the sum of $1 (one dollar) –-bearing all the incurred costs as our contribution to the recovery efforts in memory of our fallen heroes. The necessary communication services were set up in short order.

The Columbia Space Shuttle Accident

A FEMA and DSTS-G Example

• Pre-proposal technical, service, and price tradeoffs to ensure “best of breed”

• Link budgets for all solutions provided with proposal

• Transmission Plans developed with End User

• Monitoring of Signals

• Troubleshooting to resolve problems—no matter who is at fault

• Secure point-of-contact—buffer between “uncleared/foreign” service providers and DoD

Value-Added Solutions Integrator

Engineering and Operations

United StatesStrategic Command

United StatesStrategic Command

UNCLASSUNCLASS

Commercial SATCOM Operations Commercial SATCOM Operations

UNCLASSUNCLASS

Major Rob LicciardiCommercial SOMSTRATCOM/CL182402-232-5527 [email protected]

Major Rob LicciardiCommercial SOMSTRATCOM/CL182402-232-5527 [email protected]

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What We Owed1What We Owed1

• Assess current government operations concepts and tactics, techniques and procedures for managing and protecting commercial SATCOM networks employed by DoD. This assessment shall form the basis for recommendations on:

– Improvements in government processes for operational management as well as for integrated DoD and federal responses to … incidents of purposeful interference and direct attacks…

– Operational management modifications may include changes in processes for information sharing and analysis and coordinated responses…

1 DoD Commercial Satellite Communications Study Terms of Reference (Draft Version 3.4) 1 July 2004

Aggressive Lateral USG and Industry Collaboration

What We’ve DoneWhat We’ve Done

• Executed UCP responsibilities as DoD single point of contact for EMI/RFI resolution

• Signed MOUs with three owner-operators for continued commercial geolocation support

• Streamlined and codified TTPs to expedite upchannelreporting of suspected EMI/RFI events

• Planned exercises for TTP validation (first CPX completed 1 Oct)

• Staffing STRATCOM Directive 710-4, MILSATCOM Electromagnetic Interference Resolution Procedures

“The Buck Stops Here”

Where We’re Going Where We’re Going

• Refine EMI/RFI TTP– Critical information to the right person at the right time in the

right format – Strengthen partnerships with CoComs, Services, Agencies,

Departments, Cml SATCOM Owner-Operators; build more – Educate and exercise “the new paradigm” (with JFCOM)

• Include Commercial SATCOM partners in requirements definition process

• Future: – Establish relationship with DHS– Agile bandwidth management for the war fighter

• Contact USSTRATCOM CL18: 1-402-232-5527; 1-402-232-5532

Serve our Warfighters and Nation better than ever before

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ConclusionConclusion

• Space systems are an enabler for today’s military

• Space systems are critical to Homeland Security

• Space systems are intrinsic to our domestic routine

• Space systems are an essential element of being ready to respondto domestic crises

• Department Homeland Security, the military and industry must ensure

– Mutual understanding– Mutual respect– Ability to leverage each other’s strengths– Open dialogue on future requirements and capabilities





Panelists:

• Colonel Thomas D. Shearer – Chief, Strategy & Planning Integration, Division, National Security Space Office, Director of the National Reconnaissance Office (DNRO), and the Department of Defense Executive Age.

• Colonel Patrick H. Rayermann – G3, Deputy Chief of Staff of Operations and Plans, US Army Space and Missile Defense Command.

• Mr. Abass Yazdani – President, Artel, Inc.

• Major Robert E. Licciardi – Commercial SATCOM Operational Manager, United States Air Force

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The Growing Role of Space-Based Systems in

Defending America

Colonel Patrick Rayermann26 October 2004

[email protected]

Growing Role of Space in Defense




• Missile Warning

• Weather


Intelligence

• Geospatial– Based on imagery– Collected by commercial and Government systems– Monochromatic; multi-band; multi-spectral & hyper-spectral– Map products based on data collected “now”

• Change detection– Ability to compare images recorded at different times– Variety of approaches allow change detection

• Consequence Management– Impact of disasters can be identified and measured– Commercial and Government systems

• Monitoring– Primarily, use of commercial and civil systems for domestic needs– Military systems can augment, if properly authorized

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Commercial Imagery:Continuous Improvement

The capability of commercial imagery continues to growThe capability of commercial imagery continues to growThe capability of commercial imagery continues to grow

• Spatial resolution continues to improve for both panchromatic and spectral imagery

• Spatial resolution continues to improve for both panchromatic and spectral imagery

10 KM

1 KM

100 Meter

10 Meter

1 Meter

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

TIROS/NOAA

HSI

Pan

LANDSAT 1 (80/80)

LANDSAT 3 (40)

SPOT(20/10)

IRS (5.8)

IKONOS (4/1)

Thermal IRPan

LANDSAT 4 (30)

MSI

Gro

und

Sam

ple

Dis

tanc

e

(Pix

el S

ize)

HYPERION/EO-1(30)

QUICKBIRD (2.4/.6) WORLDVIEW (2/.5)

Navigation

• Position– Verification of position– Permits rapid position determination without surveying– Facilitates common understanding of relative locations

• Navigation– Ubiquitous– Military and commercial receivers– Available to local, state and Federal authorities

• Timing– High accuracy– Permits rapid installation of IP-based networks

• Air Traffic Control– Domestic– International– Independent of ground-based systems

Friendly Force Situational Awareness

• Friendly “Blue” Force Situational Awareness– Leverages commercial and military systems– All based on GPS data– Many systems require SATCOM for relay of position information– Provides a common understanding

• Movement Tracking Systems– Allow monitoring of items in shipment– Broad commercial applications and acceptance– Government and military exploit– Major application here is the tracking of supplies (logistics)

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Partnering With Industry:The Role of In-Transit Visibility/Blue Force Tracking

BFT reduces the “Fog of War”—Warfighters DEMAND moreBFT reduces the “Fog of War”BFT reduces the “Fog of War”——Warfighters DEMAND moreWarfighters DEMAND more

0

25

50

SOCOM FBCB2MTS

SOCOM 5 7 10 13FBCB2 3 10 17 30MTS 1 5 20 40

2004 2006 2008 2010SOCOM’s requirement most likely met by DoDFBCB2 may be solution for both Army and USMCMTS will continue to grow & leverage Commercial BW

Thou

sand

s of

Sys

tem

s

Missile Warning & Thermal Event Detection

• More than detecting missile launches– Situational awareness– Multiple phenomenology

• Launch events– Space launches– Missile tests

• Significant Thermal Events– Fires– Explosions– Volcanic eruptions

• Disaster definition– Verification– Magnitude

Weather

• Adverse weather– Tracking– Predictions

• Terrain trafficability

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Communications

• Satellite Communications Augmentation– Continues to be important for support of mobile forces– Support of deployed forces– Enables highly mobile, flexible operations– Critical to extending high-quality comms to users away from

fiber optic lines

• Restitution of Infrastructure– Following man-made or natural disaster– Rapid & Reliable– Flexible– Use of commerical SATCOM facilitates interoperability

• Broadcast Information– Military equivalent to broadcast satellite TV to homes– Efficient means of meeting large data demands without

encumbering satellite systems providing command & control

• The means by which information flows

Satellite Communications:Ever-Increasing Demand

Information Demand Growing at an Increasing RateInformation Demand Growing at an Increasing RateInformation Demand Growing at an Increasing Rate

• Imagery, VTC, video, graphics, databases, collaborative planning• Imagery, VTC, video, graphics, databases, collaborative planning

Conclusion

• Space systems are an enabler for today’s military

• Space systems are critical to Homeland Security

• Space systems are intrinsic to our domestic routine

• Space systems are an essential element of being ready to respond to domestic crises

• Department Homeland Security, the military and industry must ensure– Mutual understanding– Mutual respect– Ability to leverage each other’s strengths– Open dialogue on future requirements and capabilities

Documents

Security at Home and Abroad: The Role of Satellites · Tom Eaton, President, G2 Satellite Solutions, PanAmSat Panelists: Major Robert E Licciardi, Commercial SATCOM Operational Manager,