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a thin membrane that surrounds the cell ◦ A) Membrane Lipids – cell membrane is made of phospholipids, has a polar head and two nonpolar tails ◦ B)Membrane Proteins 1. peripheral proteins – are located on the interior surface and exterior surface of the cell membrane 2. Integral proteins – proteins that are embedded in the bilayer
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Chapter 7Sections 1-2
Prokaryotes – bacteria, simple cells no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotes – more complex cells. Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
a thin membrane that surrounds the cell◦ A) Membrane Lipids – cell membrane is made of
phospholipids, has a polar head and two nonpolar tails
◦ B)Membrane Proteins 1. peripheral proteins – are located on the interior
surface and exterior surface of the cell membrane 2. Integral proteins – proteins that are embedded in
the bilayer
Cell Membrane
contains the cells genetic information and controls its activities
Nucleus
convert energy in food to energy that can be used by the cell
Site of cellularrespiration
Mitochondria
are the place where proteins are assembled
Ribosomes
assembles some parts of the cell membrane, and acts as a transportation system
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER – The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures membranes and secretes proteins.
In leukocytes the rough ER produces antibodies. In pancreatic cells the rough ER produces insulin.
The Rough ER
Smooth ER – has a wide range of functions including carbohydrate and lipid synthesis
In muscles the smooth ER assists in the contraction of muscle cells, and in brain cells it synthesizes male and female hormones.
Smooth ER
modifies, sorts, and packages materials
Golgi Apparatus
breaks down the unwanted materials
Lysosomes
stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
Vacuoles
converts sunlight into energy that can be used by the cell
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
support structure that gives the cell its shape
Cytoskeleton