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Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

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Project Feasibility Study 2012Aj.Chaiyawat ThongintrSchool of ManagementMae Fah Luang UniversityMember1. Mr.Nattapat Trinit ID: 50312070092. Miss Tralinee Boonmapood ID: 50312070103. Miss Warangrat Chutikachusanapong ID: 52312051264. Miss Lalita Sentard ID: 52312051915. Miss Wanalee Dejkhakew ID: 53312031046. Mr.Watchara Pornsivakul ID: 53312031097. Mr.Pacharakorn Kanin ID: 5431203051

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Page 1: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company
Page 2: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Preface

This project is a part of a feasibility for

study and evaluation in subject of Project

Feasibility Study Evaluation (1203302). The

Purpose of this project is to explain how to make

the business plan of Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex

Company.

Course in the second semester of 2012 year

academic. In this project studies the feasibility of

locating a rubber factory in Chanthaburi which are

included generally in rubber business management,

competitive analysis, market feasibility, the

technical process in a rubber factory, financial

feasibility, and also risk management. This project

makes everyone who interested to get knowledge

and information about rubber factory before

making decision to investment, including pre-

operation process and operation process of rubber

factory, for the benefit to invest and profit by doing

this rubber factory.

Student or entrepreneur who interest about

rubber business or rubber industry in Thailand

should read this project. We expect that our project

will provide benefits more and more interested

person, moreover, if they are any error in this

project or whatever, our group will make an

apologize at this opportunity.

Page 3: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table of Content

Exclusive Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

-Background and Significance of the Project

-Project Objective(s)

- Benefits of Project

-Activities/Time Frame

Chapter 2: Industry Profile

-Nature of Industry

-Situation of Industry

-Product/Service (in General)

Chapter 3: Market Feasibility Study

- Market Analysis

-STP Analysis

-Marketing Mix Strategy

-Sales Forecast/Profit Estimation

-Marketing Expenses (Sales Incentive)

-Conclusion

Chapter 4: Investment Cost

-Cost of Investment

-Depreciation

-Conclusion

Chapter 5: Production and Operations Analysis

-Product Characteristics (in Detail)

-Specification, Feathers, Dimension, Life Time, etc.

-Production/Services Process

Page 4: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

-Operating Cost

Chapter 6: Administration analysis

- Management Analysis

-Conclusion

Chapter 7: Financial Analysis

- Financial Assumption for Business.

Profit/ Loss Statement

Cash Flow

Balance Sheet

Chapter 8: Risk Management

Chapter9: Summary

Appendix

Reference

Page 5: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Excusive Summary

Rubber and Latex industry is our business. It is located at 8 moo 7 Tambol

Khunsong, Kaenghangmaew, Chanthaburi’ Kind of business it’s about rubber. Our

products are Concentrated Latex and Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS). At the beginning of

investment, we will invest just small areas of factory and in the 3rd

year we will make it

be bigger. About the processes of our business, we will take a rubber from rubber

gardener by our truck; we classified our customers to be 2 types of customer. First, it’s

our customer that we will bring their rubber every morning and they are the customer

that near our factory and the second is the customer that far a ways from our factory, we

will use tanks 200 litters and if they get full about 5-10 or however that they want we

will go to take it at their garden. After we got rubber we will separated rubber into 2

parts, for the first part we use it to make Ribbed Smoked Sheet and other rubber that we

have left we will put it in the big tank and when we get it enough we will take it to the

bigger company like D.S. Rubber and latex, it’s located in Rayong province and it’s far

from our factory just 58 km. Our business was a great business, because was we knew

that rubber and latex are getting popular for nowadays and it can makes a good profit,

good income but just invest only once in the beginning.

Page 6: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 1

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background and Significance of the project

Rubber is water repellent and resistant to alkalies and weak acids. Rubber is

elasticity, toughness, impermeability; adhesiveness and electrical resistance make it

useful as an adhesive, a coating composition, a fiber, a molding compound and an

electrical insulator. In general, synthetic rubber has the following advantages over

Page 7: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

natural rubber: better aging and weathering, more resistance to oil, solvents, oxygen,

ozone, chemical and resilience over a wider temperature range. The advantages of

natural rubber are less buildup of heat from flexing and greater resistance to tearing

when hot.1

This project was chosen because we thought that nowadays rubber is becoming

a popular industry. As we know that rubber are significantly economic plant of Thailand

and an important plant not only for world economic strategies but also for the use of

living of humankind. The more social development, the more requirements of products

made of rubber for people utilization is increasing every day. In our daily life, we are

always involving with products made of Rubber. Rubber products have long been

grown with its best outcome year after year and Thailand is the largest land of rubber

plantation in the world.2

Our business would be located in Chanthaburi at 8 M.7 Tambol Khunsong,

Amphoe Kaenghangmaew, Chanthaburi province. We were chosen this place because in

1908, Poom Poonnasri we was taken rubber trees to growth in Chanthaburi and it was

growth up as well, and then after that he was flexible to growth it in other provinces of

Eastern part of Thailand such as Rayong and Trad, after that rabber was became to an

important economic product of Eastern part of Thailand. After that has many people

tried to take rubber trees to growth in other parts of Thailand such as on the North-

Eastern and the North of Thailand but it was not successful to do it like in Eastern and

South of Thailand.3 So we have decided this place to our location because in

Kanghangmaew districts have a lot of rubber farm but nobody was building rubber

manufacture and there is no competitor and it’s good to investment here.

1.2 Project Objectives

Our company it would be remarkable success over the years and can be

attributed to our long experience, unparalleled expertise and strategic planning, enabling

us to thrive even in the worst economic situation. Our most important asset is our

1 http://education.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/rubber

2 http://www.murickens.com/realestate/HistoryOfRubber.asp

3 http://www.yangpara.com/gernaral/history.htm

Page 8: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

workforce. We value above all the professional operating methods of our management

team and well trained staff.

We hope that this project would be a benefit to everyone who is interesting to do

a business like the rubber industry. This project has a lot of information to you, such as

the definition of rubber, the history of rubber; types of rubber included the knowledge

of rubber industry so you can learn how to be a good investor or how to invest of this

kind of business.

1.3 Benefit of Project

We will know about the way to solve the problem in the real situations.

We will know about an arrangement and implementation of the plans.

Understand the financial for our business, the way to think about how

could we get more and more profit and less than that we have an

expended.

We know the strategies too appropriately and can apply it.

Well know about the information of competitors.

We can apply the information to makes it real in our real life.

We know how to do and manage this kind of business.

1.4 Activities/Time Frame

Operation Methods

Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13 Feb-13

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1. Discuss about ideas to create

topics.

Page 9: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2. Select the topic.

3. Prepare to the presentation.

4. Discuss about background of

project.

5. Create project objective, benefit

and create project time frame.

6. Discuss industry profile.

7. Create Products and

Services, Situation, Mission,

vision and Strategy.

8. Discuss about Market

Feasibility Study.

9. Create Market Analysis,

Marketing Mix, Strategy and

Sales Forecast.

10. Review part 1-3

11. Discuss about Technical

Feasibility Study and Financial

Analysis

Operation Methods

Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13 Feb-13

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

12. Create Production and

Operations Analysis, Pre-

Operating Cost, Investment Cost,

Operating Cost and management

Page 10: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

analysis.

13. Create Statement, cash flow

and balance sheet.

14. Create VCD/DVD Ad

15. Review all part of project.

16. Prepare draft of final report.

1.5 Brand of Company

Chapter 2

Page 11: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 2: Industry Profile

2.1 Nature of Industry

Introducing Rubber

In 1736, a French astronomer was sent by his government to Peru to measure an

arc of the meridian; He brought home samples of the milky fluid and reported that the

Indians used it for lighting. He wrote that it burned without a wick very brightly and

that the Indians made shoes from it which was waterproof. The Indians collected the

gummy fluid from trees in pear-shaped bottles on the necks of which they fasten

wooden tubes. Pressure on the bottle sends the liquid squirting out of the tube, so they

resemble syringes. Their name for the fluid, he added, was cachuchu or caoutchouc.

Thirty-four years later, an English writer wrote about a different use for the tree gum

Page 12: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

and a new name. A stationer accidentally discovered that it would erase pencil marks

and as it came from the Indies and rubbed, of course it was renamed India rubber.4

Definitions of Rubber

Rubber is water repellent and resistant to alkalies and weak acids. Rubber’s

elasticity, toughness, impermeability, adhesiveness and electrical resistance make it

useful as an adhesive, a coating composition, a fiber, a molding compound and an

electrical insulator. In general, synthetic rubber has the following advantages over

natural rubber: better aging and weathering, more resistance to oil, solvents, oxygen,

ozone, certain chemical and resilience over a wider temperature range. The advantages

of natural rubber are less buildup of heat from flexing and greater resistance to tearing

when hot.5

Background of Rubber

Rubber was known to the indigenous people of the Americas long before the

arrival of European explorers. In 1525, Padre d’Anghieria reported that he had seen

Mexican tribes people playing with elastic balls. The first scientic study of rubber was

undertaken by Charles de la Condamine, when he encountered it during his trip to Peru

in 1735. A French engineer that Condamine met in Guiana, Fresnau studied rubber on

its home ground, reaching the conclusion that this was nothing more than a “type of

condensed resinous oil”. The first use of rubber was an eraser. It was Magellan, a

descendent of the famous Portuguese navigator, who suggested this use. In England,

Priestley popularized it to the extent that it became known as India rubber.6

The para rubber tree is indigenous to South America. Charles Marie de La

Condamine is credited with introducing samples of rubber to the Académie Royale des

4 http://inventors.about.com/cs/inventorsalphabet/a/rubber_2.htm

5 http://education.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/rubber

6 http://www.iisrp.com/WebPolymers/00Rubber_Intro.pdf

Page 13: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Sciences of France in 1736. In 1751, he presented a paper by François Fresneau to the

Académie (eventually published in 1755) which described many of the properties of

rubber. This has been referred to as the first scientific paper on rubber. In England, it

was observed by Joseph Priestley, in 1770, that a piece of the material was extremely

good for rubbing off pencil marks on paper, hence the name rubber. Later it slowly

made its way around England.

South America remained the main source of the limited amounts of latex rubber that

were used during much of the 19th century. In 1876, Henry Wickham gathered

thousands of para rubber tree seeds from Brazil, and these were germinated in Kew

Gardens, England. The seedlings were then sent to India, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Indonesia,

Singapore and British Malaya. Malaya (now Malaysia) was later to become the biggest

producer of rubber. In the early 1900s, the Congo Free State in Africa was also a

significant source of natural rubber latex, mostly gathered by forced labor. Liberia and

Nigeria also started production of rubber.

In India, commercial cultivation of natural rubber was introduced by the British

planters, although the experimental efforts to grow rubber on a commercial scale in

India were initiated as early as 1873 at the Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. The first

commercial Hevea plantations in India were established at Thattekadu in Kerala in

1902. In the 19th and early 20th century, it was often called "India rubber".7

History of Rubber

History of rubber in the world

Mentioned by Spanish and Portuguese writers in the 16th century rubber did not

attract the interest of Europeans until reports about it were made (1736–51) to the

French Academy of Sciences by Charles de la Condamine and François Fresneau.

Pioneer research in finding rubber solvents and in waterproofing fabrics was done

before 1800, but rubber was used only for elastic bands and erasers, and these were

made by cutting up pieces imported from Brazil. Joseph Priestley is credited with the

7 http://www.bouncing-balls.com/timeline/people/nr_condamine.htm

Page 14: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

discovery c.1770 of its use as an eraser, thus the name rubber. The first rubber factory in

the world was established near Paris in 1803, the first in England by Thomas Hancock

in 1820. Hancock devised the forerunner of the masticator (the rollers through which the

rubber is passed to partially break the polymer chains), and in 1835 Edwin Chaffee, an

American, patented a mixing mill and a calendar (a press for rolling the rubber into

sheets). In 1823, Charles Macintosh found a practical process for waterproofing fabrics,

and in 1839 Charles Goodyear discovered vulcanization, which revolutionized the

rubber industry. The demand for rubber insulation by the electrical industry and the

invention of the pneumatic tire extended the demand for rubber.

Despite Brazil's legal restrictions, seeds of the tree were smuggled to England in

1876. The resultant seedlings were sent to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and later too many

tropical regions, especially the Malay area and Java and Sumatra, beginning the

enormous East Asian rubber industry. Here the plantations were so carefully cultivated

and managed that the relative importance of Amazon rubber diminished. American

rubber companies, as a step toward diminishing foreign control of the supply, enlarged

their plantation holdings in Liberia and in South and Central America. During World

War I, Germany made a synthetic rubber, but it was too expensive for peacetime use. In

1927 a less costly variety was invented, and in 1931 neoprene was made, both in the

United States. German scientists developed Buna rubber just prior to World War II.

When importation of natural rubber from the East Indies was cut off during World War

II, the United States began large-scale manufacture of synthetic rubber, concentrating

on Buna S. Today synthetic rubber accounts for about 60% of the world's rubber

production.8

History of rubber in Thailand

The idea to bring rubber trees planted in Thailand was first thought when

Phraya Ratsadanupradit Mahison Phakdi visited in Malaysia. He saw the Malays

planting the runner trees and they produced the good productivity. So he was interested

to take rubber trees planted in Thailand but at that time the owner of rubber plantations

did not want to give him the rubber breed. In 1901 Phra Sathon Sathaphitak visited

Indonesia and could bring rubber seeding which their roots were wrapped by moistened

8 http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/rubber-history.html

Page 15: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

cotton and wrapped again with the newspaper before containing into rain tree wooden

boxes. Then he came back Thailand immediately by his personal steam boat.

There were 4 boxes of rubber seeding which were planted in front of

Phra Sathon Sathaphitak’s house at Kantang district, Trang province. Nowadays, there

is only one left in front of the Agriculture coorperative. Phra Sathon Sathaphitak

expanded the planting area about 45 plantations. It could be considered that Phra Sathon

Sathanphitak was the first rubber plantation owner of Thailand. After that Phraya

Ratsadanupradit sent the group of provincial Governors Marshals, village chiefs and

Headmen going to study the method of rubber growing abroad. Then he assigned them

to teach and support about rubber growing and rubber seeding contribution. It could be

said that this time was an era of rubber booming which called “Tesa Rubber”.

Now rubber trres were planted in the South and the East which there are

about 9 million plantations owned by 5 hundred thousand Families. Rubber is

significant to be an economic plant of Thailand after rice. It makes income for the

country about billions baht per year. So Praya Ratsadanupradit Mahison Phakdi was

praised to be the “Father of Rubber”.9

History of rubber in Chanthaburi

In 1908, Poom Poonnasri we was taken rubber trees to growth in

Chanthaburi and it was growth up as well, and then after that he was flexible to growth

it in other provinces of Eastern part of Thailand such as Rayong and Trad, after that

rabber was became to an important economic product of Eastern part of Thailand. After

that has many people tried to take rubber trees to growth in other parts of Thailand such

as on the North-Eastern and the North of Thailand but it was not successful to do it like

in Eastern and South of Thailand.10

Evolutions of Rubber

Not until recently it was originally thought that rubber was first discovered in

Europe in the nineteenth century; when in fact its roots stem back to the year sixteen-

hundred B.C. A professor at M.I.T. by the name of Dorothy Hosler and a couple of her

9 http://www.rubber.co.th/web/history_en.php

10 http://www.yangpara.com/gernaral/history.htm

Page 16: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

associates started to do some research and they traced back the usage of rubber back to

the Mayan’s of Mesoamerica. Mesoamerica is now known to the world as South

America. The Mayan’s discovered a plant that produced a sap that had sticky and

springy characteristics. This plant today is now commonly known as a rubber plant.

This sap was known as latex which the Mayan’s used to bind things together like ax

heads to their handles. Once the latex material is exposed to the air it becomes even

more durable and had a better springy quality to it. The latex by itself is not very useful

although; it is not that durable and tended to not stay in the shape that it was molded

into. After experimenting with the latex the Mayan’s eventually found out that if they

mixed the latex with the juice of morning glory vines the new substance became twice

as durable, more elastic, and a lot less brittle. The good thing about mixing the sap with

the morning glory juice is that these two plants tended to grow close to one another

which made it easier to harvest them.

In 1791 and Englishman named Samuel Peal discovered how to waterproof

clothing by mixing rubber with turpentine. This discovery made rubber the most sought

after material in the world. Everything being sold in Europe at the time was being made

from rubber; from boots to jackets. People could not get enough of this material; it

seemed as though it had changed the world forever. It wasn’t till 1839 until a bankrupt

hardware merchant from Philadelphia by the name of Charles Goodyear realized that

rubber had so much potential. He was so impressed with rubber when it first started to

become popular. He thought to himself that there must be some way of making the

product better. One of his ideas was that since rubber was naturally sticky he could mix

it with some type of dry powder such as magnesium powder. He tried this experiment

with several different types of powders and all of them failed miserably. He went

bankrupt several more times while he was trying to figure out the mystery to the rubber.

All the time he knew he was on to something but he just couldn’t put his finger on it.11

Varieties of Rubber

The major commercial source of natural rubber latex is the Pará rubber tree

(Hevea brasiliensis), a member of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. This species is

widely used because it grows well under cultivation and a properly managed tree

11

http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/25743.html

Page 17: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

responds to wounding by producing more latex for several years. Many other plants

produce forms of latex rich in isoprene polymers, though not all produce usable forms

of polymer as easily as the Pará rubber latex does; some of them require more elaborate

processing to produce anything like usable rubber, and most are more difficult to tap.12

Types of Rubber

Natural Rubber

Natural rubber is obtained from the milky secretion of various plants, but the

only important commercial source of natural rubber. The only other plant under

cultivation as a commercial rubber source is guayule, a shrub native to the arid regions

of Mexico and the SW United States. To soften the rubber so that compounding

ingredients can be added, the long polymer chains must be partially broken by

mastication, mechanical shearing forces applied by passing the rubber between rollers

or rotating blades. For most purposes, the rubber is ground, dissolved in a suitable

solvent, and compounded with other ingredients, e.g., fillers and pigments such as

carbon black for strength and whiting for stiffening; antioxidants; plasticizers, usually in

the form of oils, waxes, or tars; accelerators; and vulcanizing agents. The compounded

rubber is sheeted, extruded in special shapes, applied as coating or molded, then

vulcanized. Most Pará rubber is exported as crude rubber and prepared for market by

rolling slabs of latex coagulated with acid into thin sheets of crepe rubber or into

heavier, firmly pressed sheets that are usually ribbed and smoked.13

Natural rubber (abbreviated to NR) primarily comprises polyisoprene and is

harvested from the milky white latex of a number of species of plants which flourish in

the tropics, above all from the Spurge family. The rubber tree has achieved considerable

commercial importance. The tree is native to the Amazon region and is now cultivated

in virtually all tropical regions of South America, Africa and Asia. 90% of the world’s

production of natural rubber is harvested from the rubber tree. A diagonal incision is

made in the bark, allowing the latex to exude. The latex has approximately the

following composition:

12

http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Article/GuttaPercha/ 13

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/rubber-natural-

rubber.html#ixzz2J40SPmT9

Table 2.1 Natural rubber

Page 18: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Constituents Percentage

Water 55...70

Rubber 30...40

Resins 1.5...2

Protein 1.5...3

Ash 0.5...1

Sugar 1...2

The latex, which is rich in rubber, can be preserved by adding ammonia

any for special purposes it can be transported to the countries in which it processed as

latex concentrate in liquid from. This is done in barrels or in tank containers. It’s far

more common to filter the harvested latex, dilute it with water and then to cause it to

coagulate using substances such as acetic acid or formic acid or my means of

electrophoresis. This separates the raw natural rubber from the water, forming a solid

mass (coagulum) that is then further processes. Coagulation can also take place in the

form of auto-coagulation on the tapping panel and the collection cups. Such coagulum

has a greater degree of contamination and is hence used in the natural rubber grades

which have less stringent requirements with respect to contamination.

A distinction is down between the following forms of natural rubber:

Crepes

Pale crepe rubber is among the highest quality crepes. Coagulation of this

high-quality natural rubber is achieved with sodium hydrogen sulfite. The clean

coagulum is washed and milled. This produces sheets between 1.2 and 1.5 mm thick

and 24 cm wide. The washing process removes from the coagulum considerable

amounts of the serum constituents which can cause rotting. The sheets ate dried in

drying rooms for 2.5 to 4 days at 37 °C or air-dried for 5 to 10 days on drying floors.

Excessive temperatures lead to discolored patches in the sheets as a result of oxidation.

Page 19: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

The sheets are packed as bales and marketed as “thin pale crepe”. The 10-mm crepe

from Sri Lanka is marketed as “thick pale crepe”.

In addition to the high quality thick and thin pale crepes, there are further

categories which are made from high-grade rubber scrap, e.g.:

- Estae brown crepe

- Thin brown crepe

- Thick blanket crepe

- Flat bark crepe

- Smoked blanket crepe

Pale crepe rubber is either packed in a double-layered bag or the bales

are wrapped in plastic sheeting and packed in wooden crates. Thicker crepes can

also be packed in sacking. The entire surface of the bale should be covered with

sufficient talcum to prevent the fibers from adhering to the rubber.

Sheets

Two different types of sheets are distinguished:

- ADS (Air Dried Sheets)

Air dried sheets are less common. They have an appearance similar to

RSS but are more transparent, as they are manufactured in smoked-free rooms.

- RSS (Ribbed Smoked Sheet)

The fresh latex is diluted to a rubber content of 15-16 % and coagulated in

coagulation tanks using formic acid or acetic acid. Lumps of coagulum are formed after

the acid has acted for 3-4 hours. After milling and washing, sheets between 2.5 and 3,5

mm thick, 24 cm wide and 90 or 135 cm in length are produced. The final mill is an

embossed mill, which gives the sheets their ribbed structure. Since these rubber sheets

are not washed as intensively as crepes, they contain a higher proportion of serum

constituents which encourage mold and rotting. For this reason, the sheets are hung in

Page 20: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

the smokehouses and dried for a week at temperatures up to 60°C. The smoke resulting

from burning rubber tree wood and other organic materials such as coconut husks

preserves the smoke. The sheets are pressed in the bales and wrapped in protective

sheets. The surface is protected from oxidation by application of a bale coating solution

and talcum.

Ribbed smoked sheets are graded on the basis of visual assessments. The grades

have been described in the Green Book, published by the International Rubber Quality

and Packing Conference. Prior to grading, the sheets are separated and inspected,

Oxidized spots or steaks, weak, heated, under-cured, over smoked, opaque and burnt

sheets are not permissible. The rubber must be provided by the producer in an excellent

drying quality. The rubber must be dry, clean, strong, sound and evenly smoked and

free from blemishes, specks, rust, blisters, sand, dirty packing and any other foreign

matter. That packing must be clean. Small pinhead bubbles if scattered, will not be

objected to. The remaining grades RSS represent a sequential lifting of these

requirements. Under-cured rubber displays patches which have not been dried

sufficiently during smoking or drying.

Rubber sheets are folded to form bales (e.g. 60 cm and 100 – 113 kg per bale),

compressed and wrapped in protective sheets. A protective coating and talcum are

Page 21: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

applied to the surface to protect against oxidation and to prevent the sheets from

sticking to each other.

These form a background for stenciling the shipping marks. Bales are

transported in crates or loose in containers. Skim rubber should not be used as

protective sheets. Sheets can also be simply folded and packed in plastic bags in the

form of 35 kg bales. 36 bales together form a load unit of 1269 kg per pallet. These are

unitized using shrink-wrap sheeting or a shroud of plastic film. Metal creates can also

be used.

Technically specified natural rubber (TSR)

TSRs are dived into a number of grades which are laid down in technical

specifications drafted by ISO and are manufactured using new processing techniques.

Depecding on the TSR quality, different forms of coagulum are used: latex coagulated

naturally in the collecting cups, rubber sheets or latex coagulated by adding acid.

Different methods are used to product TSRs, e.g. the Heveacrumb or Dynat processes.

In the Heveacrumb process, rubber coagulum is passed through creping rolls set at

friction speed and the shear forces involved tear the coagulum into small pieces. This

process is described as crumbing. The Dynat process primarily uses cup lumps. After

natural coagulation or acid coagulation, the rubber is granulated by means of a rotary

knife cutter. After granulation, the crump is washed and dried at elevated temperature

up to 140°C. Then the crumbs are compresses into blocks of about 33 1.3 kg, wrapped

in synthetic plastic sheeting and packaged in wooden or steel chests.

The advantages of Technically Specified Rubbers over the conventional

sheet and crepe grades of rubbers are as follows:

- Since it is available in a limited number of well defined grades,

correct choice of grades according to requirements by the consumers

is rather easy.

- Since it is possible to assess the actual content of foreign and volatile

matter, mistakes can be avoided in deciding the actual worth of the

material.

Page 22: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

- Since it is marketed as compact, polyethylene wrapped bales,

degradation of the rubber on storage, handing and transportation can

be reduced.

- Since sizes have been standardized and the bales are compact,

considerable saving can be made in transport through mechanized

handing and containerization.

The International Standards Organization (ISO) first published the draft

Technical Specification for Natural Rubber during 1964. Based on these Specifications,

Malaysia introduced their Standard Malaysia Rubber scheme in 1965 and since then all

the natural-rubber0producing countries have started producing and marketing NR as

Technically Specified Rubbers. This resulted in the introduction of further national

standards in addition to SMR:

- Standard Malaysia Rubber SMR

- Standard Indonesia Rubber SIR

- Standard Sri Lanka Rubber SSR

- Standard Vietnam Rubber SVR

- Indian Standard Natural Rubber ISNR

- Standard Thai Rubber STR

These quality standards lay down the maximum permissible content of dirt,

ash, nitrogen and volatile substance. The following table shows some SMR values:

Parameters Dirt content

(max. %)

Ash content

(max. %)

Nitrogen content

(max. %)

Volatile

matter

(max. %)

Color

coding

SMR 5 0.05 0.60 0.60 0.80 pale green

SMR 10 0.08 0.75 0.60 0.80 brown

SMR 20 0.16 1.00 0.60 0.80 red

Table 2.3 Standard Malaysia Rubber

sheets

Page 23: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

SMR 10 and SMR 20 are general-purpose grades, with SMR 10 being a high

grade, SMR 20 a medium grade and SMR 5 a lower grade.

TSRs are wrapped individually in plastic sheeting and stacked on pallets. These

are unitized using shrink-wrap sheeting or a shroud of plastic film and are also attached

to the pallet with plastic strapping. A labeling strip must be attached to each load unit.

Figure 2.1 Standard Malaysia Rubber

Figure 2.2 Packaging of Standard Malaysia Rubber

Page 24: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

SVR 10 CV, TSR from Vietnam, individually wrapped in plastic film and stacked on a pallet.

These are unitized using shrink-wrap sheeting or a shroud of plastic film and are also attached to the

pallet with plastic strapping.

Alternatively, TSRs can be packed in wooden or steel creates and secured to

pallets. The creates are unitized by being attached to the pallet with steel straps.

Highly purified natural rubber from Malaysia packed in wooden crates

and secured to pallets with steel straps.

Preserved latex concentrates

Ammonia is added to the latex to keep it liquid and this is concentrated

either by creaming or centrifuging. The resulting concentrate can be transported as a

liquid. Depending on the quantity of ammonia added, a distinction is made between

high-ammonia latex with 0.60 – 0.80% ammonia and low-ammonia latex with 0.20-

0.29% ammonia. Latex can be processes to make other raw rubber products:

- Skim rubber: It is produced from skim latex. Skim latex is

produced as a byproduct during the preparation of latex concentrate. It has a dry rubber

content of only 3 to 7%. However, it also has very low dirt content. Coagulation of skim

latex can be either spontaneous or by acid treatment. It is important that the ammonia

content it kept as low possible. Further processing is the same as for smoked sheets.

Figure 2.3 Packaging of Standard Malaysia Rubber

Page 25: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

- Rubber powder: In order to reduce transportation costs, the latex

can be converted to a fine rubber powder instead if transporting it in the form of latex

concentrates. This is done by atomizing the latex and drying it with hot air. This form of

rubber can be kept for long periods and is particularly resilient.

Aging of Natural Rubber

Rubber aging processes, particularly as a result of atmospheric

conditions, may start as early as the transportation and negatively impact the quality of

the rubber. The effects of oxygen, heat and light are the primary causes of aging

symptoms, with oxidation processes leading to the formation of hydroxides. These in

turn react either by splitting molecules or establishing new cross linkages. The result is

softening or hardening: oxidized rubber.

Hardening of Natural rubber during transport and storage can be

prevented by adding chemical substance to achieve a constant viscosity.

Recommended storage duration for natural rubber

Initial storage 5 years

Extended storage 2 years

Recommended storage temperature for natural rubber

Optimum storage temperature 15 - 30°C

Page 26: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Storage of latex concentrates

Max. duration of storage 6 - 12 months

Storage and transport temperature 5 - 35°C

Intended use

There are a huge variety of applications for natural across the world. The

unique combination of properties found in natural rubber cannot be fully duplicated

synthetically. However, each individual property can be improved on by synthetic

rubber.

Processing of natural rubber to form rubber products

Natural rubber id mixed with various additives designed to give the end

product the required properties, shaped and then vulcanized.

Figure 2.4 Diagram showing the processing of rubber

sheets

Page 27: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Mastication is a preliminary stage to processing the raw rubber. This

process involves the use of special mechanical equipment and additives at low

temperatures to shred the rubber molecules into smaller units. This improves the

plasticity and reduces the viscosity. After mastication, the rubber is mixed together with

fillers, plasticizers and rubber chemicals to form a homogeneous mass in mills or closed

kneaders. The subsequent end product is performed by compression molding or

calendaring. Compression molding machines, for example are used to produce car tires,

Page 28: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

soles and heels for shoes and bungs. Thin, seamless rubber products, for examples are

produced by dipping.

In the final processing step, the molded rubber mixture is vulcanized.

The most important vulcanization medium is sulfur, which added to the rubber mixtures

before this is heated. The tire-manufacturing industry is the world’s largest consumer of

natural rubber. Tires for cars, bicycles and aircraft as well as many other kinds of rubber

products such as seals, hoses, drive belts, floor coverings, conveyor belts, molded

articles, foam rubber, impregnation substances and medical equipment are all made

from natural rubber.

Risk Factors and loss prevention of Natural rubber

- Risk Factor Temperature

Natural rubber requires particular temperature, humidity, moisture

and possible ventilation conditions.

Term Temperature range

Favorable travel temperature range 5 - 25°C

Optimum travel temperature 20°C

Temperature greater than 30°C and exposure to sunlight, even for periods of a

few hours, result in activation of the rot-causing bacteria, especially in conjunction with

moisture and proteins. In addition, oxidation and the associated molecular breakdown

are encouraged and the rubber develops soft patches, stickiness and becomes deformed.

If the destination is in a colder climate, the bales jam as a result of the drop in

temperature and this makes the job of unloading the container or means of transport

more difficult.

Page 29: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Mean maximum (daytime temperature), mean minimum (nighttime temperature) and temperature of

surface water during a voyage from Singapore to Europe in June14

Mean maximum (daytime temperature), mean minimum (nighttime temperature) and temperature of

surface water during a voyage from Singapore to Europe in January15

14

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/kautschuk/naturkautschuk/abb9.htm

Figure 2.5 Temperature of surface water during a voyage

sheets

Figure 2.6 Temperature of surface water during a voyage

sheets

Page 30: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figures 2.5 and Figures 2.6 illustrate the typical temperature condition during a

voyage from Singapore to Europe. In this case, the highest temperatures are recorded in

the Gulf of Aden and in the Red Sea. Since the travel temperature of 30°C should not be

exceeded, the containers should be stowed below deck where possible. The optimum

travel temperature for rubber is 20°C. A temperature of 25°C should be maintained

virtually constantly over a long period. Rubber starts to melt at approx. 180°C.

The lower limit is 5-6°C, as there is a risk of hardening as a result of

crystallization. This can cause difficulties unloading the container or mean of transport

because the jammed bales tear. Latex concentrates also should be protected against

extreme temperatures during transport and storage. If barrel loads are exposed to direct

sunlight in tropical and subtropical climates, the high temperature can result in a drop in

quality. At temperatures below 4°C, the latex concentrates tend to coagulate, which is

an irreversible process. This results in difficulties when unloading, damage and

additional costs.16

- Risk factor Humidity/Moisture

Natural rubber requires particular temperature, humidity/moisture

and possibly ventilation condition.17

Term Humidity/water content

Relative humidity 70...75 %

15

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/kautschuk/naturkautschuk/abb10.htm 16

Lloyds Survey Handbook, 7th edition 1999, Information Publishing Group Ltd 17

Scharnow, R.: Codiertes Handbuch der Güter des Seetransports, VE Kombinat

Seeverkehr und Hafenwirtschaft - Deutfracht/Seereederei - Ingenieurhochschule für

Seefahrt Warnemünde/Wustrow, Rostock 1986, Bd. 1: Stückgut A-K, Bd. 2: Stückgut

L-Z, Bd. 3: Spezialgut

Page 31: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Water content 1.08 %

Maximum equilibrium moisture content 75%

Moisture due to rain, seawater or condensation water must be strictly avoided, as

it can lead to rot, mold mildew stains and discoloration. Rubber which has become wet

and absorbed too much moisture is termed bleached rubber. Natural rubber is not

hygroscopic. The poor thermal conductivity of rubber may lead to condensation on the

surface from capillary water, which in turn leads to mold and rot.

Since mold and mildew stains can occur in the middle of the cargo block, it is

not possible to detect damage when the consignment is accepted. This can only be

detected when the container or means of transport is unloaded. Moisture damage is

accompanied by unpleasant or penetrating odors. In any instance of damage, the

question must always be raised as to whether the rubber was damp for the start, is it a

case of pre-carriage damage, which is the responsibility of the producer or did the

damage occur during transportation as a result of rain, condensation water or seawater.

Three aspects are taken into account

Observation of the stages of mold growth

Temperature requirements of the mold

Oxygen requirements of the microorganisms

- Risk factor Ventilation

Natural rubber requires particular temperature, humidity/moisture and

possibly ventilation conditions. If the rubber is dry for shipment or container dry, there

is no need for ventilation.

- Risk factor Biotic activity

Natural rubber displays 3rd

order biotic activity. It belong to the class of

good in which respiration processes are suspended, but in which biochemical, microbial

and other decomposition processes still proceed.

- Risk factor Gases

Page 32: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chemical decomposition and the evolution of gas during processing lead

to cavities on or in the rubber sheets. The inner surfaces of the blisters are often sticky,

whereas those of the bubbles are dry and not sticky.

- Risk factor Self-heating/spontaneous combustion

Smoking must be prohibited when loading the containers and in the

warehouses, as natural rubber is readily combustible due to its high hydrocarbon

content. When natural rubber combusts it generates considerable heat and smoke. A

large quantity of gaseous product and unburned solid particles in the form of thick,

black smoke are released, which make access to the seat of the fire more difficult.

Burning rubber produces sputtering, burning drops of resin, which can cause the fire to

spread. If there is a risk of fire, the firefighting personnel should wear automatic

breathing apparatus and protective clothing.18

- Risk factor Odor

Bales of rubber emit a strong odor of rubber which can become a

penetrating odor in the event of damage.

Active behavior Unpleasant smell, so do not stow in the vicinity of foodstuffs,

semi luxury items and animal feedstuffs. Sour and foul odors:

These are due to rotting rubber.

18

www.kautschukgesellschaft.de

Page 33: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Passive behavior Non-odor-sensitive.

- Risk factor Contamination

Active behavior None.

Passive

behavior

Rubber is very sensitive to contamination. The thermoplastic

properties of rubber mean that foreign bodies are absorbed either by

penetration or sticking. Splinters become embedded in the rubber

bales. This also applies to rubber packed in thin plywood crates.

These can splinter even under low loads, and are hence also known

as “dirty packing”.

Depending on the degree to which the contamination has penetrated,

it can be removed by peeling.

The warehouses and containers must be kept absolutely clean, as

any contamination such as grass, pipe splinters, paper, textile scraps,

graphite, coal, ore dust, cement, copper crumbs from cathode copper

plates, sulfur, copper sulfate, and manganese residue will break

down the rubber. This would cause holes to be formed during the

production of rubber gloves, for instance.

- Risk factor Mechanical influences

Rubber should be stowed in such a ways as to avoid the risk of crushing.

The fragile wooden creates can splinter even under normal load conditions. Holes in the

caused by wood splinters can adversely affect the value. Strong rubber: rubber which is

resistant to deformation, i.e. resistant to tension on compression. Weak rubber: ribbed

smoked sheets which tear easily or part when tension is applied.

- Risk factor Toxicity/Hazards to health

This risk factor has no major influence on transportation of this product.

Page 34: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

- Risk factor Shrinkage/Shortage/Theft

It is recommended that loading and unloading should be supervised.

- Risk factor Insect infestation/Diseases

When wooden packaging containers or cargo securing materials are used,

it may under certain circumstances, be necessary to comply with the quarantine

regulations of the country of destination and a phytosanitary certificate may have to be

enclosed with the shipping documents. Information may be obtained from the

phytosanitary authorities of the countries concerned.

Synthetic Rubber

Synthetic rubber, invariably a polymer, is any type of artificial elastomer

mainly synthesised from petroleum byproducts. An elastomer is a material with the

mechanical (or material) property that it can undergo much more elastic deformation

under stress than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent

deformation. About 15 billion kilograms of rubbers are produced annually, and of that

amount two thirds is synthetic.

The more than one dozen major classes of synthetic rubber are made of

raw material derived from petroleum, coal, oil, natural gas, and acetylene. Many of

them are copolymers, i.e., polymers consisting of more than one monomer. By changing

the composition it is possible to achieve specific properties desired for special

applications. The earliest synthetic rubbers were the styrene-butadiene copolymers,

Buna S and SBR, whose properties are closest to those of natural rubber. SBR is the

most commonly used elastomer because of its low cost and good properties; it is used

mainly for tires. Other general purpose elastomers are cis -polybutadiene and cis -

polyisoprene, whose properties are also close to that of natural rubber. Among the

specialty elastomers are copolymers of acrylonitrile and butadiene that were originally

called Buna N and are now known as nitrile elastomers or NBR rubbers. They have

excellent oil resistance and are widely used for flexible couplings, hoses, and washing

machine parts. Butyl rubbers are copolymers of isobutylene and 1.3% isoprene; they are

valuable because of their good resistance to abrasion, low gas permeability, and high

dielectric strength. Neoprene (polychloroprene) is particularly useful at elevated

Page 35: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

temperatures and is used for heavy-duty applications. Ethylene-propylene rubbers

(RPDM) with their high resistance to weathering and sunlight are used for automobile

parts, hose, electrical insulation, and footwear. Urethane elastomers are called spandex

and they consist of urethane blocks and polyether or polyester blocks; the urethane

blocks provide strength and heat resistance, the polyester and polyether blocks provide

elasticity; they are the most versatile elastomer family because of their hardness,

strength, oil resistance, and aging characteristics. They have replaced rubber in

elasticized materials. Other uses range from airplane wheels to seat cushions. Other

synthetics are highly oil-resistant, but their high cost limits their use. Silicone rubbers

are organic derivatives of inorganic polymers.19

Synthetic rubber is a white, crumbly, plastic mass which can be processes and

vulcanized in the same ways as natural rubber. Synthetic rubber is produced in different

ways. Figure 3 illustrates one of the common production processes.

19

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/rubber-

synthetrubber.html#ixzz2J445sjow

Figure 2.7 Production process for synthetic rubber

sheets

Page 36: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Synthetic rubbers are artificially produced materials with properties similar to

natural rubber. Most are obtained by polymerization or poly-condensation of

unsaturated monomers. A wide range of different synthetic rubbers have emerged,

reflecting the various different applications and the chemical and mechanical properties

they require. Co-polymerization of different monomers allows the material properties to

be varied across a wide range. Polymerization can take place under hot or cold

conditions, which result in hot polymers or cold polymers. Synthetic rubbers are

marketed as compressed bales and square blocks. They are also produced in the form of

powder rubber, talcum-coated chips, and granules and as latex concentrates in liquid

form.

Quality/Duration of storage

The benefits compared with natural rubber include better oil and the

possibility of a product with an extremely constant quality. Synthetic rubbers made

from butadiene rank as the most important synthetic rubbers produced. The following

list indicates some of the most import synthetic along with their properties in

comparison with natural rubber.

- Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)

Page 37: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

General purpose rubber made up of different types; better abrasion

resistance, lower elasticity, poorer low-temperature behavior, better heat and aging

resistance, excellent electrical insulation material similar to rubber.

- Poly-butadiene Rubber (BR)

Poor processing properties mean that BR is not used on its own, blended

with SBR or NR, abrasion-resistant, good elasticity, flexible at low temperatures.

- Isoprene Rubber (IR)

Properties large comparable with natural rubber, more uniform, cleaner,

transparent.

- Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)

Oil and fuels resistant, good heat distortion temperature property and

abrasions resistant.

- Butyl Rubber (IIR)

Low permeability’s to gases, resistant to aging, ozone and chemicals,

good mechanical property, abrasion resistant and good electrical insulation properties.

The mechanical properties are improved by adding fillers such as carbon

black during vulcanization with sulfur. Temperature resistance, abrasion resistance,

resistance to oxygen and chemicals such as acids and petrol are properties which are

improved in this way.

Duration of storage varies depending on the type synthetic rubber. For example,

a range of 6-36 months if the ideal conditions recommended by the manufacturer, such

as a storage temperature between 10 and 25°C, are observed. Synthetic rubber must be

stowed dry, some synthetic rubbers must be stored cool and they are to be protected

from direct sunlight.20

Recommended storage duration for synthetic rubber, in particular SBR

Initial storage 5 years

Extended storage 2 years

20

www.lanxess.com

Page 38: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Meyers Neues Lexikon, Bd. 7, Isota-Kongu, VEB Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1973

Here are advantages and limitations of some kind of synthetic rubber.

- Natural Rubber (NR)

Advantages

Good dynamic properties.

Good tensile and tear strength.

Good abrasive resistance.

Limitations

Poor resistance to chemicals and oil substances.

No long time exposure to sunlight, ozone and heat.

- Styrene-butadiene Rubber (SBR)

Advantages

Good tensile strength, dynamic properties and

abrasive resistance.

Good substituent for NR (but sometimes more cost-

efficient)

Limitations

Poor resistance to chemicals and oil substances.

No longtime expo-sure to sunlight, ozone and heat.

- Butadiene Rubber (BR)

Advantages

Excellent dynamic properties.

Good cold resistance.

Good tear strength.

Limitations

Page 39: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Poor resistance to chemical and oil substance.

No longtime expo-sure to sunlight, ozone and heat

- Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM)

Advantages

Excellent resistance to ozone, oxidants and weather

(water) conditions.

Excellent insulator

Good chemical resistance (not oil).

Limitations

Poor resistance to oil substances.

Less mechanical properties compared to NR.

- Chloroprene Rubber (CR)

Advantages

Good resistance to ozone, weather conditions (water)

and sunlight.

Good chemical and medium oil resistance.

Good high temperature resistance.

Good resistance to gas permeability.

Limitations

More expensive than general purpose synthetic

rubbers.

No resistance to strong oxidizing acids, esters,

ketones, chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons.

- Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)

Advantages

Good oil and solvent resistance.

Good heat resistance.

Good mechanical properties.

Good resistance to gas permeability.

Page 40: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Limitations

Not good resistance to ozone, ketons, esters,

aldehydes hydrocarbons.

Higher price only justified when oil resistance in

required.

- Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR)

Advantages

Very good heat and low temperature resistance.

Good oil and solvent resistance.

Good ozone and weather resistance.

Good mechanical properties.

Limitation

High cost.

- Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber (MVQ)

Advantages

Excellent heat resistance.

Very good low temperatures resistance.

Good insulator.

Limitations

Higher price only justified when excellent heat

resistance is required.

Low tensile strength

- Fluor polymer (EPM)

Advantages

Excellent heat resistance.

Excellent chemical, ozone, weather, oil and solvent

resistance.

Good resistance to gas permeability.

Page 41: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Limitations

Very high price.

Intermediate mechanical properties.

- Isobutene-Isoprene Rubber (IIR)

Advantages

Excellent resistance to gas permeability.

Good resistance to chemical, ozone, weather and oil.

Limitation

Intermediate mechanical properties.

- Chlorosulphonated Polyrthyle (CSM)

Advantages

Good heat resistance.

Good ozone and weather (water) resistance.

Good chemical resistance.

Color-proof.

Excellent abrasive resistance.

Limitation

Intermediate oil resistance.

**The information presented herein has been compiled from several sources considered to be in

dependable and is accurate and reliable to the best of our knowledge and belief but is not guaranteed to

be so. Nothing herein is to be construed as recommending any practice of any product in violation of

any patent or in violation of any law or regulation.21

Intended use

Like natural rubber, synthetic rubber has a wide range of applications,

such as in the tire industry (car, aircraft and bicycles tires), drive belts, hoses, medical

equipments, seal, floor coverings, conveyor belts, molded parts. The following list

shows the operating temperature and applications for some important types of synthetic

rubber.

21

http://www.hercorub.com/media/hercorub/pdf/elastomer.pdf

Page 42: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

- Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)

-40°C to 100°C

Tire industry (tread and carcasses), conveyor belt, seals, and

technical rubber products.

- Poly Butadiene Rubber (BR)

-80°C to 90°C

Tires, conveyor belts, clutches, engine bearing, technical

products of all types, drinking water seals.

- Isoprene Rubber (IR)

-40°C to 130°C

Technical products of all types, especially construction

sections, cooling and heating hoses for vehicles, high-

performance tires, foodstuffs utensils.

- Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)

Operating temperature: up to approx. 110°C

Motor vehicle parts, oil and fuel hoses, technical product of

all types, plates and mats, rollers, seals and for foodstuff such

as milk.

- Chloroprene Rubber (CR)

-40°C to 150°C

Automotive hoses tire inner liners, seals, membranes,

rubberized fabrics, steam hoses, cable insulation.

Packaging

Page 43: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

- The bales are wrapped in plastic sheeting or in boxes lined with

polyethylene. Bales are unitized in crates on pallets or with a shrink cover, for instance.

- Powder rubbers are packed in paper sacks or cardboard boxes

lined with polyethylene and palletized. Flexible bulk packages are also used as packing.

- Granulated synthetic rubber is packed in polyethylene sacks and

palletized. The polyethylene sacks can additionally be packed in cardboard and then

palletized. Flexible bulk package can also be used as packaging.

When wooden packaging containers or cargo securing materials are used,

it may under certain circumstances, be necessary to comply with the quarantine

regulations of the country of destination and a phytosanitary certificate may have to be

enclosed with the shipping document. Information may be obtained from the

phytosanitary authorities of the countries concerned.

Marking of packages

Keep dry

Top

Keep away from heat

(solar radiation)

Risk factors and loss prevention of Synthetic Rubber

- Risk factor temperature

Synthetic rubber requires particular temperature, humidity/moisture and

possibly ventilation condition.22

22

Scharnow, R.: Codiertes Handbuch der Güter des Seetransports, VE Kombinat

Seeverkehr und Hafenwirtschaft - Deutfracht/Seereederei - Ingenieurhochschule für

Figure 2.7 Marking of packages

sheets

Page 44: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Term Temperature range

Travel temperature range 5 - 30°C

Synthetic rubber withstands temperatures of up to 30°C. When this

temperature is exceeded, cold flow starts. The rubber beings to flow and ruptures the

wrapping. The material beings to stick or combined with the package. Further

consequences of excessive temperatures are softening and artificial aging, combined

with hardening. In this event, the recipient has to pick over the blocks in a separate

operation. If the exposure to sunlight is of longer duration, oxidative cross-linking

occurs on the surface of the rubber even at temperatures of 10-20°C. UV radiation also

causes this degradation. The temperature threshold for transportation is 5°C; the rubber

crystallizes at -15°C. This process is irreversible in synthetic rubber, which means that it

becomes unusable.

- Risk factor Humidity/Moisture

Synthetic rubbers require particular temperature, humidity/moisture and

possibly ventilation conditions.

Seefahrt Warnemünde/Wustrow, Rostock 1986, Bd. 1: Stückgut A-K, Bd. 2: Stückgut L-

Z, Bd. 3: Spezialgut

Page 45: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Term Humidity/water content

Relative humidity 65 %

Water content 0.2...0.4 %

Critical water content 0.75 %

Maximum equilibrium moisture content 65%

The water content of synthetic rubber is 0.2 – 0.4% and synthetic rubber

with low water content thus belongs to water contents. Despite its low water content,

synthetic rubber is very sensitive to moisture/humidity. The critical water content within

the wrapping is 0.75%.

The bales are wrapped in heat-sealed foils and must not be damaged. If

moisture penetrates the bales soak it up like a sponge, with the result that expensive

additional operations are required or the material can no longer be approved for

processing in certain machines. If water bubbles can be seen inside the wrapper, the

goods may have been damaged 65% relative humidity is recommended by the

manufacture.

- Risk factor Ventilation

Synthetic rubber requires particular temperature, humidity/moisture and

possibly ventilation conditions. If the rubber is dry from shipment or container dry,

there is no need for ventilation.

- Risk factor Biotic Activity

Synthetic rubber are goods in which respiration processed are suspended,

but it which biochemical, microbial and other decomposition processes still proceed;

they thus exhibit 3rd

order biotic activity.

- Risk factor Gases

Page 46: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

This risk factor has no major influence on transportation of this product.

- Risk factor Self-heating/Spontaneous combustion

Synthetic rubber is highly flammable. If an upper temperature of 320°C

is exceeded, it also tends to ignite spontaneously and generates considerable quantities

of smoke while burning. The fire is best extinguished with CO2, not with water or foam.

Smoking is absolutely prohibited. If there is a risk of fire, the firefighting personnel

should wear automatic breathing apparatus and protective clothing.

- Risk factor Odor

Active behavior Despite the packaging, a rubber-like smell is to be

expected, so synthetic rubber must not be stowed with

foodstuffs, semiluxury items and animal feedstuffs.

Passive behavior Non-odor-sensitive.

- Risk factor Contamination

Active behavior Does not cause contamination.

Passive behavior Damaged films allow the raw material to become

contaminated with foreign bodies, such as dust, chemicals,

metal filings, jute fibers etc. This considerably reduces the

quality and can cause high processing costs or render the

material completely unusable.

- Risk factor Mechanical influences

Rubber should be stowed in such a way as to avoid the risk of crushing.

The bales are wrapped in heat-sealed foils and must not be damaged. Use no hooks.

- Risk factor Toxicity/Hazards to health

This risk factor has no major influence on transportation of this product.

Page 47: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

- Risk factor Shrinkage/Shortage

This risk factor has no major influence on transportation of this product.

- Risk factor Insect infestation/Diseases

When wooden packaging containers or cargo securing materials are used,

it may under certain circumstances, be necessary to comply with the quarantine

regulations of the country of destination and a phytosanitary certificate may have to be

enclosed with the shipping documents. Information may be obtained from the

phytosanitary authorities of the countries concerned.23

2.2 Situation of Industry

Rubber industry situation in the world

Rubber World Industries was established in 1993 to manufacture a

comprehensive and versatile range of technically advanced Rubber Insulation products.

It seemed particularly apt at IRC ’96 to present the life history of natural rubber

in what was almost exactly 500 years to the day that Christopher Columbus returned

from his second voyage, bringing back the first rubber balls from the West Indies. There

was, Spanish observers said, ‘nothing comparable in the world to the ways that the balls

bounced’. Previously only packed leather balls had been known in Europe and this new

rubber was a total novelty. The next landmark in the history of natural rubber was the

Spanish discovery of the use of latex for the water proofing of leather and fabric in

1615. Because no method of preserving latex was known at that time, a thriving fabric

proofing industry grew up in Mexico and the finished product exported.

The rubber industry in Europe really started with Charles Macintosh in 1818.

Many had sought suitable solvents for rubber since its arrival in Europe as a raw

material in the late 1700s, but none had been successful. Charles Macintosh was an

industrial chemist in Glasgow, then a major centre of the chemical industry and was

23

http://www.gulfoflex.com/new/index.html

Page 48: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

eager to exploit the waste products of the new coal gasification process. James Syme, a

medical student found that coal tar naphtha-was a good solvent for rubber and so

Macintosh’s specific skill came in exploiting the naphtha-based rubber solution as a

waterproofing layer between 2 fabrics. Hence the ‘Macintosh’ was born. Only 2 years

later, in 1829, Thomas Hancock discovered mastication. Hancock was using rubber in

elastic fastenings for gloves, shoes and stockings. These ‘garters’ were made by cutting

strips from ‘bottles’ of pure rubber and led to much waste. Hancock noticed that fresh

cut edges of rubber would unite perfectly and it occurred to him that if such pieces were

minced up very small, the amount of fresh cut edges would be greatly increased and

with heat ‘Pickle” or wooden masticator. He found that effort to shred the rubber did

not decrease with time, but increased and when opened a homogeneous roll of rubber

was found. He used his ‘Pickle’ to supply the Macintosh factory and kept his

mastication process secret until he was forced to patent in 1837.

The final landmark in the early history of rubber was the discovery of

vulcanization by Charles Goodyear. Whilst the rubber industry was developing rapidly

in the temperature climate of Britain, with Macintosh and others producing a whole

range of products from rubber fishing dinghies to beer hoses, the US industry was

losing confidence with factories closing down due to the extremes of climate. Excessive

high temperature made product sticky, whilst at very low temperatures they became

rigid. Thus Charles Goodyear in the US was seeking modification to rubber to avoid

these temperature defects. He tried magnesia, boiling in lime, bronze powder and nitric

acid but all were of no avail. In September 1858, however a Nathaniel Hayward

introduced Goodyear to the idea of sulphur on, rather than in the rubber. Unfortunately

at that time Goodyear suffered both financial and personal difficulties so it was not until

1841 that he actually accidentally over-heated a mixture of rubber, sulphur and white

lead, which resulted in the discovery of vulcanization and a rubber which not harden in

winter and soften in summer. This was patented on 6 December 1842. Public opinion in

the US was still hostile to rubber, however and Goodyear entrusted his idea to a Stephen

Moulton, who was about to return to England, to take his improved rubber to the

Macintosh Company. Samples reached Thomas Hancock via a certain William

Brockendon and Hancock deduced from the bloom that sulphur had been used. He

subsequently discovered that strips of rubber immersed in molten sulphur changed its

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character and patented the process in November 1843 – only a few weeks before

Goodyear’s belated English patent. Hence both names being ascribed to the discovery.

From that time on, the natural rubber industry really began to expand and was

fuelled by the additional supplies of rubber that became available from the Far East.

This was due to Sir Henry Wickham who transported 70,000 seeds from Brazil to Kew

Garden in 1876. Some 1900 of these germinated and the resulting seeding were shipped

onto Ceylon and Singapore, from Henry Ridley developed tapping techniques and

instigated many of the methods used to this day.

There were then a whole series of developments in natural rubber science and

technology in the 40s, 50s and 60s, which led to a range of new materials derived from

it and new uses. For example, ‘rubber in roads’ is not new. The first rubberized bitumen

was laid in the Rue Ferrier, Geneva in 1947 by Ashaltiques Geneva and subsequently in

Acre Lane in London in 1950. By 1955, 70 miles had been laid in UK. It was reported

to give non-slip properties, one-third improvement in life and was much more resistance

to low temperatures. In 1952, the first liquid rubber rub bone was produced by the

mechanical working of softened rubber with chemical plasticizers (6-8 hours in a 2-

blade mixer at 120-140°C. This was used for textile machinery components, printers’

rollers and for prototype manufacturing. Then there was Positex in 1952, latex which

was processed to give the rubber particles a positive charge for the wool industry and

methyl methacrylate grafted rubber in 1954 for making very hard rubber or adhesives if

only 30% is grafted. New uses saw the first rubber-metal laminated bridge bearing in

1957 on the Pelham Bridge in Lincoln and oil-extended natural rubber to improve the

grip of unstudied winter tires in 1967.

In the 1970s and 1980s the natural rubber industry still forged ahead. Further

new materials and new uses have appeared. We have seen the advent of deoxidized

natural rubber, a rubber derived from natural rubber but with high damping

characteristics, oil resistance and gas permeability equal to halo butyl rubbers.

Thermoplastic natural rubber is a blend of natural rubber with polypropylene to give a

recyclable rubber and new liquid natural rubbers have been developed for a variety of

uses. The early work in the 50s on laminated rubber bearings for bridges, now used

universally to accommodate bridge deck movements, spawned bearing for the base

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isolation of whole building against ground-born vibrations. These in turn were further

developed in the mid 1980s and 1990s for bearing to protect building against

earthquakes. Seventy percent or more of all natural rubber goes into tires mostly into

large truck tires, off-the-road giant tires and aircraft tires. Here, low heat generation

properties in services are of paramount importance, along with low rolling resistance.

Recent work in the 80s has seen the development of natural rubber-based compounds

for truck tire retreading to match the wear of all synthetic compounds and these because

of their lower rolling resistance, give the added benefit of better fuel economy. More

recently, the advent of all-season passenger car tires has called for improvement in grip

on ice and snow. Here, the earlier oil-extended natural rubber technology used for

winter tires can provide better grip on ice and snow combined with lower rolling

resistance.24

The future for natural rubber looks bright. Ever increasing volumes are being

produced. At 5.92 million tonners per annum, natural rubber has 39% of the world

rubber consumption of 15.14 million tons per annum. The earthquake-bearing market

will take off when people realize that such systems system not only save lives, but also

the contents of the building. Powder-free surgical gloves are on the way and this

achieved by polymer coating both on the inside and out, will eliminate the protein

allergy problem. All predictions of future cars see them continuing to use rubber tires.

The space shuttle lands on all natural rubber tires because of the superb performance of

this 500 years old polymer. With space travel around the corner, surely natural rubber

has a guaranteed future.

Rubber industry situation in Asia

Asia is now home to around 92% of the world supply of natural rubber, raw

material for the production of thousands of articles of everyday use. Tire is prominent

among them. Them continent provides major portion of the vehicles in use around the

world and around 70% of the global requirement of tires to make them mobile. More

than half of the synthetic rubber product and consumed in the world also is now in Asia.

In the production of other rubber-based articles like auto rubber components, rubber-

based industrial and engineering products, footwear products, latex-based products like

24

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latex foam and fibber foam, gloves, condoms, latex thread, catheters, nipples, sport

goods like balloons, bladders and balls, the situation is not different. Moreover, South

and South-East Asia from the hub of nearly 90% of the dipped products reaching the

world market.

Produced of all these moved ahead mostly in the last quarter of a century, from

1985. Rubber consumption steadily gained momentum in the East and Asia grew into a

formidable force in the world rubber industry during the period. In 1985, the Asian

output of natural rubber was exceedingly high with 99.3% at 4,369,500 tons out of the

world total of 4,400,000 tons. The output more than doubled to 9,585,000 tons by 2010,

but the share came down to 93% in the world total of 10,291,000 tons. Thailand and

Indonesia are in the forefront of NR production and the global supply of NR continues

to be centered round these two nations.

Rubber consumption had made tremendous progress by 1985, aided by

expanded use of motor vehicles and rapid development in the downstream tire and

rubber industries. The Asian rubber consumption of that year at 3.46 million tons was

only one-fourth of the world total of 13.43 million tons. In the next 15 years, industrial

development gathered momentum and the Asian NR consumption rose to 8.37 million

tons by 2001. Then Asia had the largest share with 47% of the world total, well ahead of

Europe’s share of 28%, North America’s 18%, Latin America’s 6% and Africa’s 1%.

The continent consumed 15,124,000 tons of rubber in 2010, around 62% in the world

total of 24,422,000 tons. Of this, the share of NR was 7,454,000 tons and of synthetic

rubber (SR) 7,670,000 tons. Obviously, Asia has been the centre-stage of the world

rubber industry since 1985.

World total of rubber plantations was around 6.1 million hectares in 1985. Asia

has the most ideal land mass for Hevea rubber cultivation in the world, mainly the Thai-

Malay peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan

in Indonesia, southern part of India and the South-western part of Sri Lanka. The

continent’s share in world rubber plantations is 91% at 10,489,000 hectares. Indonesia

with 3,445,000 is the single largest rubber cultivating country in Asia. At the world

level too, the country has the largest share around 30% of the total. Thailand with

2,761,000 and Malaysia with 1,019,000 are the other two major rubber growing

countries. These three combined accounted for 69% of the rubber area in Asia in 2010,

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at 7,225,000. World production of natural rubber was 4.4 million tons in 1985, in which

the share of Asia was as much as 91% at 4.0 million tons. The Asian production is

mostly smallholder based, but relatively large, State-owned plantations dominate in

China, Vietnam and Cambodia. While Thailand has a little over 95% participation of

small holdings, their share in Malaysia is around 90% and in Indonesia about 85%. Asia

continues to be the largest supplier NR to the world. The world NR production rose to

10,291,000 tons in 2010 and the Asian share increased to 93% of this at 9,585,000 tons.

Asia has come a long way during the past 25 years in the production of synthetic

rubber. The 1985 production of 1.57 million tons of SR was only around 17.6% of the

world output of 8.94 million tons. Europe was the largest SR producer in 1985 with

4.21 million tons, while North America composed of Canada, Mexico and USA, could

produce only 2.24 million tons. Europe was continuing the lead from the time of

polymerizing methyl isoprene in 1909 in Germany, the first form of synthetic rubber

ever to be made in the world. The erstwhile USSR with 2.13 million tons was the top

producer in 1985, both in Europe and at the world level. The Asian share steadily rose

to 50.7% at 7.1 million tons in 2010. The Asian majors in SR production are China,

Japan, South Korea and Taiwan while Thailand, Malaysia, India, Indonesia and Iran

follow with modest production. China emerged as the largest world producer of SR in

2008 with 2.33 million tons, while USA which held the top billing until that time, and

could produce only 2.31 million tons. China’s SR output in 2010 rose to 3.14 million

tons, against USA’s 2.32 million tons. The Asian output of SR was 7,072,000 tons in

the year, against 3,787,000 tons in Europe including the Russian Federation and

2,458,000 tons in North America. While the Asian output grew by 447% over the 25-

year period, growth in North America was only 10%. In the case of Europe, there was

negative growth by 10%.

Asia has the largest base in making rubber products. With advent of the World

Trade Organization and the consequent globalization of trade, many multinational

companies from Europe and North America started rubber manufacturing ventures in

the cost effective Asian countries, particularly in China. Most of the natural rubber

producing countries attracted investment of multinationals on account of less labor cost,

availability of technically educated manpower and the major raw material, i.e. NR. This

has helped advanced technologies in product manufacture to percolate into the Asian

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region and Asia is now better placed to provide quality rubber products to the world

market. Tires coming in around 500 varieties in pneumatic and solid versions are the

prime products among the rubber articles. Out of the top 75 global tire makers, 49 are

from Asia - 17 from China and 10 from India. The continent is home to five out of 10

multinationals — Bridgestone, Sumitomo, Yokohama, Hankook and Kumho. The other

five — Michelin, Goodyear, Continental, Pirelli and Cooper – do not stand isolated;

they have production facilities in Asia, attracted by the comparatively low cost of

production and the fairly large pool of technical manpower. The Asian facilities of these

companies tap the gigantic Asian market, in addition to meeting part of the tire demand

in Europe and North America. A major portion of the new capacity creation in tire

production took place in Asia in the last decade, particularly in China and India. Of the

global truck tire market of 146 million a year, Asia accounts for 45% at 65.7 million,

while Europe’s share is only 18% at 26.28 million, North America’s 16% at 23.36

million, South America’s 11% at 16.06 million and Africa and the Middle East

combined also with 11% at 16.06 million. The robust demand ahead for new vehicles in

the Asian region, especially in the two economically advancing most populous countries

China and India, will stimulate

Rubber industry situation in Thailand

Rubber is a very important industrial crop for Thailand, both for the local

consumption as well as the global market. The major export markets for Thai rubbers

are Germany, China and Japan, with the export value of US$ 134.9 billion in 2008.

Since Thailand has a large number of rubber plantations, a large quantity of rubber can

also be produced. Most rubber plantations are in the southern part of Thailand and are

likely to expand further. However, Thailand is still facing both internal and external

obstacles that affect the wide range of Thai rubber industry25

Thailand led the pack of major NR producing nations with output of

3,252,000 tons in 2010, followed by Indonesia with 2,829,000 tons. Though Indonesia

possessed the largest NR planted area, the country could not match the yield levels of

Thailand. In the last 25 years Thailand vastly expanded the rubber area at an annual

average of 40,000 using high yielding planting material and adopting systematic

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cultivation practices, while modern cultivation practices were alien to majority of the

small holdings in Indonesia. The average productivity of Thailand sharply rose to 1,720

kg in 2010, while Indonesia’s average could reach only 987 kg. Malaysia was a distant

third with 939,000 tons of NR output in 2010. However, the country did Asia proud by

becoming the largest producer of dipped goods — latex gloves, catheters and condoms

— meeting almost 45% of their world requirement. India was the 4th NR producer with

851,000 tons in 2010. This country holds record for the highest world average

productivity in rubber continuously for about two decades. The average productivity in

2010 was at 1,784 kg/ha. Vietnam was the 5th largest NR producer with 754,500 tons in

2010 and China the 6th with 647,000 tons. China has over one million hectares of

rubber plantations, more than what India and Vietnam hold at 0.7 million apiece, but the

Chinese output remained low owing to substantial difference in productivity. China’s

productivity averaged 1,143 kg in 2010 against India’s 1,784 kg and Vietnam’s 1,720

kg.

The other Asian countries supported the Asian NR output in a modest way. In the year

2010, Sri Lanka contributed 153,000 tons, Myanmar 112,000 tons, Philippines 99,000

tons, Cambodia 42,200 tons, Bangladesh 18,000 tons and Laos an estimated 7,500 tons.

Almost the entire production of Cambodia and Laos was exported.

Rubber industry situation in Chanthaburi

Nowadays, rubber industry situation in Chanthaburi province is quite good.

Agricultures can create a lot of incomes because 2 factors. First, because winter is

coming that means can create and make a profit can be respond of demand on world

market that is getting high by THB 119/kg. Second, because rubber plantations in

Southern part of Thailand was gotten flood and that could makes a problem by cant

make more profit or rubber or latex at all, but by the way Chanthaburi did not get any

flood problem.26

2.3 Products

Concentrated Latex

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Controlled from even the collection of fresh field latex from small holders,

concentrated latex is pure and is one of the cleanest raw materials in terms of rubber.

Fresh field latex is preserved with added chemicals and centrifuged to obtain

concentrated latex of 60% DRC (dry rubber contents). Ammonia is added during the

process to enhance the preservation of latex but depending on specific requirements of

the customer, various degrees are added to the concentrated latex.27

Concentrated latex is also known as cenex. Large amount of concentrated latex

is produced by centrifuging. Latex concentration is a process which involves the

removal of serum from field latex & thus making the latex rich in rubber content. You

may be thinking whether the concentration of latex is necessary. Concentration of latex

is necessary due to the following reasons.

There is better uniformity in quality.

Higher degree of purity.

Another point is related to economy in transportation.

There are different methods used for concentrating latex.

Evaporation

Creaming

Centrifuging

Electro-decantation.

Among these, evaporation is the oldest method used. Creaming,

centrifuging & electro-decantation involve the partial removal of non-rubber & smaller

rubber particles. As a result, a high degree of purity is obtained in the product.28

There is good market for preserved latex concentrate, as it is an important raw

material with a wide range of applications. Two important methods of processing latex

into preserved latex concentrate are commercially practiced.

The processing of latex into creamed concentrate involves the mixing of a

creaming agent such as ammonium alginate or tamarind seed powder with properly

preserved field latex and allowing the latex to separate into two layers; an upper layer of

concentrated latex and a lower layer of serum containing very little rubber. The lower

27

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analysis.aspx

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layer of serum is removed, leaving the latex concentrate having about 50-55% DRC

(dry rubber content), which is often tested, packed and marketed. The processing of

latex into latex concentrate by centrifugation involves the separation of preserved field

latex into two fractions, one containing the concentrated latex of more than 60% dry

rubber and the other containing 4-8% dry rubber (skim latex). Skim latex is generally

coagulated with sulphuric acid, made into crepe, dried and marketed as skim rubber,

which is a low-grade rubber.29

Ribbed Smoked Sheets

Ribbed smoked sheets are used in various industries due to their variety in

the requirements on cleanliness and tear strength of the sheets. There are five major

grades: RSS 1 to RSS 5. The difference in the grades is the result of the preparation of

the coagulated field latex during the production of the Un-smoked Sheets. The sheets

are selected and smoked at a controlled timing and temperature window to ensure that

they are properly smoked without causing negative impact on the rubber properties.

RSS grades still depend heavily on visual inspection, thus, there is a high probability of

inconsistency in grading.30

Latex is coagulated in suitable containers into thin slabs of coagulum and rolled

through a set of smooth rollers followed by a grooved set and dried to obtain sheet

rubber. Depending upon the drying method, sheet rubbers are classified into two:

Ribbed Smoked Sheets and Air Dried Sheets. A major quantity of natural rubber

produced in this country (about 74.7%) is marketed in sheet form at present, as it is the

oldest and the simplest method of processing latex into a marketable form.

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For processing latex into sheet rubber, it is important that the latex collected is

brought to the processing centre before pre-coagulation sets in. In cases where the latex

is found to be prone to pre-coagulation, an anticoagulant is used.

Latex brought to the centre is strained through 40 and 60 mesh stainless steel

sieves. The volume of latex is measured with a standard vessel and a calibrated rod. The

dry rubber content (DRC) is estimated with a metrolac, which is a special type of

hydrometer calibrated to directly read the DRC. However, laboratory methods are

employed for accurate determination. Latex is diluted in bulking tanks to a standard

consistency of 1/2 kg of dry rubber for every 4 litres of the diluted latex (12.5% DRC).

The diluted latex is allowed to stand in the bulking tank for a fixed time (usually 15 to

20 minutes) for the heavy dirt particles to sediment.

The diluted latex is drawn out from the bulking tank without disturbing the

sediment layer of impurities into the coagulation pans or tanks. Four liters of latex is

usually transferred to each pan.

Formic acid or acetic acid is generally used for coagulation. The quantity of acid

required for satisfactory coagulation depends on various factors like the amount and

type of anticoagulant used the duration of coagulation, the season, and the nature of the

latex.

The acid requirement may slightly change under varying conditions and can be

fixed up by experience. Only diluted acid should be used for coagulation and should be

thoroughly mixed with latex.

The sheets after two or three hours of dripping in shade are placed in the smoke

house where the temperature is maintained between 40°C and 60°C. In the smoke

house, sheets are dried gradually whereby blisters are avoided. In addition, the creosotic

substances present in the smoke prevent mould growth on smoked sheets. It is

preferable to smoke the sheets on the first day at a low temperature (40°C to 45°C). For

the subsequent days (i.e. the second to the fourth day) the sheets are to be dried at a

higher temperature (not exceeding 60°C) and fairly low relative humidity. Sheets can be

dried by placing them on the first day on the reapers at the bottom region of the smoke

house and at the higher regions on the subsequent days of smoking.

There are various types of smoke houses, all working on the same general

principle. The essential features of a smoke house are a chamber in which the sheets can

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be placed on reapers, a furnace outside the chamber and a flue duct connecting the

furnace to the chamber.

Generally, the sheets are turned on the reapers every day for uniform smoking

and drying and to avoid reaper marks on dry sheets. Four days of smoking is generally

sufficient under normal conditions, but during the rainy season five to six days are

required for satisfactory drying of sheets. Drying of sheets in a smoke house has definite

advantages. It is quicker than sun-drying and does not cause oxidation by ultraviolet

radiation. Inside the smoke house, there is only limited supply of air and it is mostly

filled with smoke and carbon dioxide. Hence chances for oxidation of rubber are very

limited, provided the temperature is within limits. Also, the creosotic i.e. materials

present in smoke, get deposited on the surface of the sheets thereby preventing mould

growth on sheets. The requirements of a good smoke house are:

-Minimum drying time

-Maintenance of temperature in the range of 40-60o C

-Maximum fuel efficiency

-Minimum heat loss

-Minimum drying cost

-Easy loading/unloading of sheets

-Minimum labor requirement

-Continuous operation

-Good ventilation

-Minimum number of defective sheets

A smoke house consists of a chamber into which the sheets are loaded either on

trolleys carrying reapers or on reapers fitted on a wooden framework. Smoke is

generated in the furnace, which is usually outside the chamber. Smoke and hot air from

the furnace are directed into the chamber through a flue. Air inlets and ventilators are

provided at the bottom and top of the chamber respectively. These can be opened or

closed for controlling temperature. Temperature can also be regulated by adjusting the

rate of burning of the firewood by opening or closing the air inlets in the furnace door.

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A damper is usually provided at the main flue outlet, as a safety measure to prevent fire

entering the chamber in an event of opening the furnace door. The chamber may be of

brickwork with a reinforced concrete frame. The smoke house shall be provided with

adequate drainage to facilitate removal of serum dripping from the sheets. The roof and

the ceiling may be of asbestos sheets and the gap between the roof and the ceiling at the

top of the walls shall be closed from all the four sides of the smoke house, so as to avoid

heat loss due to air currents over the ceiling and to prevent condensed moisture

containing carbon from dripping on sheets. Smoke houses are of two types, those in

which the furnace is inside the drying chamber and those in which the furnace is

outside.

Smoke house of the pit-fired-type and trolley box type which are used in Sri

Lanka come under this. In the pit-fired-type, smoke is generated by burning firewood in

a central pit, which is inside the smoke house. A thick gauge galvanized iron sheet,

slightly larger in size than the mouth of the pit, is fixed 25 cm above so as to spread the

smoke. The sheets are hung inside the chamber and a minimum space of 180 cm

between the fire and the bottom layer of the sheet is given to avoid overheating of the

sheet near the pit. In the trolley box furnace-type, smoke is generated in a fire trolley on

wheels. The advantage of this type of smoke house over the pit-fired-type is that the

smoke house can be kept clean since operations such as loading of firewood and

removing the ash can be done outside the smoke house.

There are two types of smoke houses with external furnaces, the ground-floor

type and the tunnel-type. In the ground-floor type, the smoke from the furnace is

directed to the centre of the smoking chamber. The sheets are hung on reapers fitted on

a wooden framework. Fresh sheets, after dripping, are put on reapers near the ground

and on the next day they are taken from the lower reapers and hung on the upper ones.

The usual drying time in this type of smoke house is four to five days. The

disadvantages of this type of smoke house are that only batch wise operation is possible

and more labour is required, since sheets are replaced on the reapers every day.

Drying of sheets in direct sunlight increases the chances of oxidation of sheets,

especially when they are exposed to sunlight for longer periods. However, solar energy

could be indirectly used for drying the sheets using flat plate solar collectors. In this

system, hot air from the solar collectors is blown into the drying chamber in which the

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sheets are placed on reapers placed on trolleys. The system also contains a furnace for

burning firewood which acts as a back-up heat source for maintaining the inside

temperature during night and also on cloudy days. Reports show that with the back-up

heat source, drying time could be brought down to five days. Compared to conventional

smoke drying, the saving in firewood using the solar-cum-smoke drier is around 60 to

70 per cent and the quality of sheets is comparable to that of sheets prepared by

conventional smoke drying.

Smallholders dry rubber sheets partially in sunlight and partially in a smoke

dryer/kitchen hearth. During this process, a lot of dirt, dust, and other contaminants

accumulate on the surface of the sheet leading to downgrading of the dried sheet.

Drying of rubber sheets put on wooden rods fixed on trolleys can eliminate surface

contamination to a great extent. The trolley can be used to dry rubber sheets in open

sunlight as well as in a smoke dryer, thereby substantially reducing the drying time,

surface contamination and improving the grade of the sheet. The trolley for sunlight-

cum-smoke drying of natural rubber sheets consists of four sliding layers, one guard

layer and a top layer which are fixed on a mild steel (M.S.) angle framework. The

sliding layers can be drawn out in four directions. Slots are cut, 75mm apart, on the

sliding and fixed frames to insert wooden rods of 20mm diameter on which the rubber

sheets are hung. For drying in open sunlight the trolley is rolled out of the smoke

chamber and the sliding layers are drawn out in four directions thereby avoiding the

shade of the top layer of sheets from falling on the bottom ones. This provides direct

sunlight to sheets on all the layers, better aeration through layers of sheet and avoids

water dripping from one layer to the other. The cumulative effect of all the above is

faster and uniform drying of the sheets. During night the sheets on the trolley can be

dried in a smoke house, for which the sliding layers are pulled in and arranged one

above the other. As the trolley is designed for maximum use of sunlight with minimum

handling, the period of drying is reduced. Since the trolley is fitted with swivel caster

wheels of 100 mm diameter it can be easily moved in and out of the smoke house and

rolled into the open space for sun drying.

The main frame of the trolley is made of M.S angles of 50x50x6mm size. The

sliding and guard layers are of 35x35x5mm M.S angles and the top layer has

40x40x6mm M.S angles. The guard layer is intended for collecting the sheet that may

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accidentally fall down, thereby preventing it from catching fire in the smoke house. The

sliding layer when drawn out are supported on 10mm. iron rods thereby providing

overall balance of the trolley carrying the sheets. Each layer can carry 30 sheets of 500

g, leading to a total capacity of 75 kg. of dried sheets per trolley. Trials conducted at

RRII indicated 50-60 per cent savings in fire wood by the use of this new trolley for

sun-cum-smoke drying.

A major portion of smallholder’s sheet rubber is of very poor quality, due to

incomplete drying, mould growth and a lot of surface contamination. These problems

could be overcome at least partially if such sheets are properly cleaned even after

drying. The manual method of cleaning is laborious and costly. Hence, a mechanical

device for cleaning of low quality sheet rubber is developed. The machine consists of a

set of cast iron/mild steel rolls having a specific design and which run at an rpm of 90, a

set of brush rolls with 300 rpm and a third set of rolls (brush) of 360 rpm, arranged in a

row. The length of each roll is 70 cm. The brushes are made of nylon bristles of 2.5 cm

in length and are fixed on a PVC/nylon roll which has a steel shaft at its core. The

sheets are first fed to the cast iron rolls and as they come out they are pulled by the first

set of brush rolls under a forced spray of water which is applied on the sheet from the

bottom and top sides. This semi-cleaned sheet passes through the second set of brush

rolls under the same conditions as in the previous case. For easy movement of the

sheets, rolls are arranged in a slanting manner. There are two motors, each of 2HP. One

motor drives all the bottom rolls whereas the other one drives all the upper rolls. Rolls

are arranged on mild steel framework which is provided with stainless steel/aluminium

feeding and receiving trays. Aluminium plates are also provided between each set of

rolls to prevent the sheets from falling down. The top rolls have an upper and lower

movement facility to accommodate sheets of different thickness. This machine can

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Clean dry sheets after soaking in water which will upgrade the quality of sheets

on drying. The sheet is stretched due to the speed difference and brushed well when it

passes through the rolls. Cleaning of both the surfaces of the sheets takes only two to

three seconds, leading to an output of 20 to 30 sheets per minute depending on the

setting of the rolls and size of sheets.

Defects Causes Prevention

Small sand dirt, or

foreign particles in

the sheet

Due to improper

bulking and sieving

Practise proper bulking in suitable tanks for the

sedimentation of the dirt and use proper sieves.

Small bubbles

along the edges of

rubber sheets

Due to (1)

insufficient mixing of

the acid with latex

and (2) insufficient

acid for coagulation

Ensure thorough mixing of acid with latex. Use

adequate quantity of acid.

Pinhead bubbles in

clusters all over the

sheets

Caused by bacterial

growth

The latex tanks and coagulating pans should be

cleaned regularly, preferably with a small quantity of

disinfectant solution (Lysol or formalin).

Small white specks

and irregular

bubbles

Mainly due to

precoagulated latex Use of anticoagulants in the field.

Blisters and large

Bubbles

Rapid drying in the

smoke house

Resort to gradual drying by regulating the

temperature.

Table 2.4 Major Defects in Smoked Sheets

sheets

Page 63: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Burnt and oxidized

Sheets

High temperature

drying and flame

directly reaching the

sheet

Sheets have to be initially dried at 40 o

C - 45oC and

then at 60o C until completely dry.

Weak sheets

High dilution of field

latex and sheeting

before maturation.

Use of latex from

slaughter tapping.

Dilute the field latex to 12.5% DRC and roll the

coagulum after obtaining sufficient strength.

Mould

Improper drying and

storage under moist

conditions.

Dry the sheets after dipping in paranitrophenol

solution. Proper drying and storing in dry

atmosphere.

Rust

Improper washing of

the coagulum during

and after sheeting.

Wash the coagulum during and after sheeting.

Stickiness

High dosage of

coagulant and high

temperature drying

and drying in sunlight

alone.

Use only sufficient quantity of acid and dry at the

specified temperature.

Discolouration

Atmospheric

oxidation during

coagulation.

Use sodium bisulphite solution before coagulation.

*The completely dried sheets are removed to the packing shed where they are carefully

inspected and graded according to the standards published by the Rubber Manufacturers

Association (RMA) Inc. Washington in Green Book. This system at present provides for six

grades of ribbed smoked sheets, viz, RSS IX, RSS 1, RSS 2, RSS 3, RSS 4 and RSS 5. The

grading of sheet rubber is carried out by visual examination. Normally this is accomplished by

holding rubber sheets against light when the most obvious defects become apparent.31

31

http://rubberboard.org.in/ManageCultivation.asp?Id=192

Page 64: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 3

Page 65: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 3: Market Feasibility Study

3.1 Market Analysis

3.1.1 General Environment

Rubber is industrial drop and exports are an important of Thailand. Rubbers

make money and create career that people have income. Rubber and processing of

rubber products, it is recognized that quality standard that export is not have a problem.

- Political

The price of rubber fell as a result, the rubber planters protested and demanded

the government to offer measure to stabilize the rubber prices.

On 24 January 2012, government notice measure to stabilize the

rubber prices, with a goal at 120 Baht/kg. by Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives

Bank loans 0 interest rate and credit facilities is 15,000 million. Allocating to the rubber

planters is 5,000 million and rubber estate organization is 10,000 million for the

purchase of rubbers.32

- Economy

Rubber help revive the economy of Thailand because rubber is a plant that make

a revenue for the county.

In 2000, gross value is 134,143 million; the material is 60,743 million

which it is goods in the top 10 export.

Income distribution of the rubber planters with career rubber has more

than 6 million people, so rubbers are the distribution of income to rubber

planters.

32

http://www.bangkokbiznews.com/home/detail/politics/opinion/jangsibia/20120403/44

5056/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B

8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%88%E0%B

8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%

B8%AD.html

Page 66: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Rubber planters have increasing income; based on rubber statistics. In 1966 has average

yield is 60 kg/unit/year and in 2000 has increasing average yield is 268 kg/unit/year.

Economy increased four-fold in the last 35 years.33

Although, rubber cultivation has expanded across the country, especially in the

Northeast and the North, but in 2011, mid-February rubber prices have fallen

continuously from 180 Baht/kg to 83 Baht/kg. It affect to the rubber planters, they call

for government measures to stabilize rubber prices in early 2012.34

According to office of Agricultural Economics, situation in 2011; demand for

natural rubber in the world market increased 1.86 percent per year. And situation in

2012; rubber production increased to 10.60 million tones.35

- Social and Environment

Rubber industry is an industry that relate with the rubber planters because rubber

is creating job. The development of rubber industry, whether it is large industry or

small industry cause both indirect and indirect income to the rubber planters. Increasing

in domestic consumption and using natural rubber in products, it positively effect to the

rubber planters, so the rubber planters are have a job every day. Growing rubber is a

green area because it is forest plantation and restore of degraded environment.

- Technology

The advancement of technology has to take applied to rubber that help in

breeding the rubber provide more latex and there was more disease resistant.

Breeding technology made rubber of Thailand to be leading one

of the world’s natural rubber productions even though Thailand has planted area

1.43million hectares, while Indonesia has planted area 3.37 million hectares.36

33

http://www.rubber.co.th/knowledge_1m.html 34

http://glamdring.baac.or.th/ViewContent.php?ContentID=8250 35

http://www.cad.go.th/cadweb_org/ewt_news.php?nid=14689 36

http://www.afet.or.th/v081/thai/product/rss3/index.php?page=2

Page 67: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

3.1.2 Competition Analysis

3.1.2.1 Competitor Analysis

Now in Chanthaburi we have only company that is will be our company,

in addition rubber gardeners needs more rubber and latex company to buy their

products, so our company will not have more competitor, but in Thailand have many

company that trading about the rubber as following;

The Thai Rubber Association.

- A.T.S. RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- BOTHONG RUBBER FUND COOPERATIVE LTD.

- B.RIGHT RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- CHALONG LATEX INDUSTRY CO.,LTD.

- C.P. INTERTRADE CO.,LTD.

- GUANGKEN RUBBER (SATUN) CO.,LTD.

- INTER RUBBER LATEX CO.,LTD.

- L T RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- MAL TECH RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- MENG TAI CO.,LTD.

- MITRATHAI HOLDING CO.,LTD.

- NIYOM RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- NORTH EAST RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- P.C. RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- PAN STAR CO.,LTD.

- PIANPRADIT RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- R1 INTERNATIONAL (THAILAND) LTD.

- RANAD (THAILAND) CO.,LTD.

- RUBBER HOLDER CO-OPERATIVES FEDERATION OF CHANTHABURI

LIMITED (RCFC&KYM)

- SADAO P.S. RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- SANG TONG RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- SOUTHLAND RUBBER CO.,LTD.

Page 68: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

- SRIJAROEN RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- SRI TRANG AGRO-INDUSTRY PUBLIC CO.,LTD.

- TRANG LATEX CO.,LTD.

- TAVORN RUBBER INDUSTRY (1982) CO.,LTD.

- TAVORN T.T.R. INDUSTRY CO.,LTD.

- TERAGRO CO.,LTD.

- TECK BEE HANG CO.,LTD.

- THAI ASIA RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- THAI EASTERN RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- THAI HUA RUBBER PUBLIC CO.,LTD.

- THAI MAC STR CO.,LTD.

- THAI RUBBER LATEX CORPORATION (THAILAND) PUBLIC CO.,LTD.

- THAITECH RUBBER CORPORATION LTD.

- THAI SENG RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- THAI UNION RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- THONG THAI A.S. CO.,LTD.

- THUNGSONG SISAWAD CO.,LTD.

- TI RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- TONG THAI N.B. CO.,LTD.

- TONG THAI RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- TT RUBBER INDUSTRY CO.,LTD.

- UNIMAC RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- UNITED KRABI RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- VON BUNDIT CO.,LTD.

- YONGLONG RUBBER CO.,LTD.

- GRAND RUBBER CO., LTD.

- THAI RUBBER H P NR CO., LTD.

- THE RUBBER ESTATE ORGANIZATION

- VON BUNDIT CHUMPHON CO., LTD.

- SOUTH-EAST RUBBER CO., LTD.37

37

http://www.thainr.com/en/index.php?detail=member

Page 69: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

3.1.2.2 Customer Analysis

Our customer will be the company in Rayong and in the future our

company will expand to nearby province in the Eastern. Customers want to buy

concentrated latex and RSS3 in our product because they took to resell and processed

into other products such as car tire, eraser, etc… Our company will ship to customers in

every month. However if customers suddenly requires, our company is prepared to keep

up with customer requirement. The customer can contact our company about ordering

by phone, FAX, and e-mail.

3.1.2.3 Competitive Analysis

- The Rivalry among current competitor

In Chanthaburi we has not have more competitors, only our company

that covered this type of industry, so if the rubber farmer from Kaeng Hang Maew

district, Soi Dao district, Makham district and Khaokitchakood district wants to sales

their product they have sales for our company, because they did not have others

competitive yet in Chanthaburi but for Thamai district and Nayayarm district they wants

to sales their products our company can have competitors from Rayong.

Bargaining power of suppliers

Thai rubber market is vulnerable lack of bargaining power and do not get

their fair due from the sale of tire dealers be purchased including assessment quality

rubber than the reality because most poor farmers have to sell products to the market as

well as the immediate livelihood Rubber multi-level dealers and margins in each level

resulted in farmers selling at a low price for rubber tire market in Thailand is having

problems as well, because the sender used the method of direct trade between producers

and users

Bargaining power of buyers/customers

Customer is not only benefit from the purchase but it is also the

bargaining power of customers further reduced by the method that uses the price of

goods up within the group is treated the same price. This can be done very easy because

the supply of goods, production and cost are the same. Customers will not be able to

negotiate a trade because the price out of each stores are the same

Page 70: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Threat of substitute product or services

Rubber products had a quite a vehicle and industrial rubber products and

its synthetic rubber by-product is distilled from crude oil. The price of rubber has a

close relationship with the oil price in world market. There are also issues about the

relationship between the price of rubber in the market AFET and the price of rubber in

the international market liked become possible in the same direction.

Threat of new entrance

Rubber is currently increasing in the market need; that is normally if

some new rubber company gonna happen, if like that our company will turn to the new

interesting and the rubber production will increase because of the importance of rubber

and to more of demand and will be used in many benefit.

3.2 STP Analysis

3.2.1 Segment

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company divided the market segment into 3

segments are geographic, demographic, and behavioral.

3.2.1.1 Geographic

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex

Company divided the geographic from province of

Thailand which based on characteristics of

geography are Northern, Central, Northeastern,

Eastern, Western, and South.38

3.2.1.2 Demographic

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex

Company divided the demographic from occupation

which it concern about rubber both direct and

indirect. Demographic segmentation from occupation

is the companies that buy rubbers and the middleman

because they are related directly to the rubber.

38

http://faorap-apcas.org/thailand/ThaiMap.htm

Figure3.1 Geographic of Thailand

Page 71: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

3.2.1.3 Behavioral

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company divided the behavioral from the

order of the rubber are the company are always order rubber and the company are

occasionally order rubber.

3.2.2 Target Market

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company focus on the companies that buy rubber

in Eastern and they are always demand for products. Our customers are D.S RUBBER

AND LATEX Co.,Ltd and SHUN THAI RUBBER GLOVES INDUSTRY PUBLIC

CO.,LTD.

D.S RUBBER AND LATEX Co.,Ltd is to active in natural rubber business in

which the 20 years old and have been exporting products to worldwide such as USA,

Singapore, Hongkong, Taiwan, Argentina, Mexico and Middle East Countries.39

SHUN THAI RUBBER GLOVES INDUSTRY PUBLIC CO.,LTD. is a leading

manufactures disposable latex examination gloves. The Company exports majority of its

products to the European, Latin America, and USA markets.40

3.2.3 Positioning

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company located in Chanthaburi at 8 M.7 Tambol

Khunsong, Amphoe Kaenghangmaew, Chanthaburi province. We were chosen this

place because in 1908, Poom Poonnasri we was taken rubber trees to growth in

Chanthaburi and it was growth up as well, and then after that he was flexible to growth

it in other provinces of Eastern part of Thailand such as Rayong and Trad, after that

rabber was became to an important economic product of Eastern part of Thailand. So

we have decided this place to our location because in Kanghangmaew districts have a

lot of rubber farm but nobody was building rubber manufacture and there is no

competitor and it’s good to investment here.

39

http://www.dsrubberlatex.com/web/home/index.php 40

http://www.shunthaiglove.com/main.html

Page 72: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company specify exporting of rubber follows price

and quality. We evaluate quality and purchase price of the central rubber market.

Company considered about the rubber product that considering market price is up or

down depending on the economic and the demands of customer.

Price of Latex follows quality

Average price/kilogram

Concentrated

latex RSS3

70 100

Units = Baht

3.3 Marketing Mix Strategy

3.3.1 Product

Thailand is the world's largest rubber exporter and over 90 percent of Thailand's

natural rubber and products made from rubber are exported to overseas markets. The

country's dependence on the world market means the industry is sensitive to price

fluctuations in international trade, which in turn, is influenced by the prevailing global

demand for natural rubber. Strong competition from other major natural rubber

producing countries, like Malaysia and Indonesia, and climatic conditions are also

important factors that significantly affect the rubber industry in Thailand. Then Ton-

Yang Rubber and Latex Company will produce high-quality rubber thread products,

reliable standards and continuous product development.41

41

http://www.thaitexgroup.com/main_page/index_our_company.php

Page 73: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure3.2 Brand Company

Branding Strategy

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company, “Ton-Yang” in Thai language the

meaning is trees rubber .the name of the company is easy to read and remember. And

our company has designed a unique logo for of the company and can be easily

recognized. The tree is a symbol of the rubber trees .and the meaning of brown and

green colors is natural, white circle is the world of rubber trees and white color is a

symbol of prosperity. The logo and company name that is easily recognizable as one of

the company strategies.

3.3.2 Price

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Co. has considered about the price of rubber

market in Thailand. We evaluate quantity and purchase price of the central rubber

market. And company considered about the rubber product that considering market

price is up or down depending on the economic and the demands of customer. We also

considered the analysis of rubber prices in the international market because the

company has exported products to competitive on the international market. The price

offers its sellers different competitors in each country.

Page 74: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Price of latex follows quality

Average price/kilogram

Concentrated

latex RSS3

70 100

Units=Bath

Purchase price: RSS3 of the central rubber market

Source: http://www.rubberthai.com/price/price_index.htm

Table 3.1 Purchase price of Rss3

Page 75: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Quantity and the buying-sale price of rubber in central market

7 December 2012

List

Central Rubber Market

Songkhla Suratthani Nakorn-

Srithammarat

Amount of rubber

on the market

(kg).11:30 AM

9,700* 117,000* 23,000*

Auction price

(THB / kg) 80.85 80.29 81.18

Local prices

(THB / kg)

78.50 78.50 77.00

Value of

rubber(THB) 784,245 9,393,930 1,867,140

Value added (THB) 22,795 209,430 96,140

Annotation* Weight estimated.

Source: http://www.rubberthai.com/price/price_index.htm

3.3.3 Place

“Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company” located in Chanthaburi province it is

the eastern of Thailand. We focus on Amphoe Kaeng Hang Maeo because in

Table 3.2 Quantity and the buying-sale price of rubber

Page 76: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chanthaburi has the rubber plantation but the company for production and buying

rubber sheets and latex less. And nearby province of Chantaburi are Chachoengsao ,

Rayong and Sa Kaeo. Province that has the rubber plantation but also not have company

for production and buying as well.

3.3.3.1 General information of Chanthaburi province

Chanthaburi province it is located in the east of Thailand the nearby provinces

are Trat, Rayong, Chonburi, Chachoengsao and Sa Kaeo.

Geography

While the southern part of the province is located at the shore to the Gulf of

Thailand and thus is mostly coastal alluvial plains, the hinterlands of the province are

quite mountainous. The Chanthaburi mountain range in the north has the highest

elevation of the province, the 1556 m high Soi Dao Nua Peak. The main river of the

province is theChanthaburi River.

Together with the neighboring province Trat, Chanthaburi is the center

of gemstonemining, especially rubies and sapphires. Tropical fruits are also among the

main products of the province. In 2000, it produced nearly 380,000 tonnes of durian,

which was 45.57% of Thailand's durian production and approximately 27% of the world

production of this fruit.42

42

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province

Figure 3.3 Geography of Thailand

Page 77: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

The table show about rubber plantation areas in the eastern of Thailand

Province

Area

Year 2009 Year 2010 Year 2011

1. Kanchanaburi 102,180 131,000 132,400

2. Chanthaburi 470,234 479,192 484,180

3. Chachoengsao 122,112 125,653 126,224

4. Chonburi 189,043 193,188 196,130

5. Trat 257,566 268,169 288,145

6. Prachinburi 16,167 20,613 20,888

7. Rayong 718,607 744,708 746,070

8. Ratchaburi 15,026 23,900 22,812

9. Sa Kaeo 30,543 31,547 335,635

10. Prachuabkirikhan 130,010 142,793 143,270

11. Phetchaburi 8,760 9,855 9,900

12. Suphanburi 2,100 2,415 2,462

13. Pathumthani - - -

Table 3.3 Areas in the eastern of Thailand

Page 78: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

14. Nakornnayok - 411 -

15. Saraburi 678 678 657

16. Lopburi 392 871 871

Unit:Rai

Source: http://www.rubberthai.com/statistic/stat_index.htm

3.3.4 Promotion

For let people know that quality rubber of our company and to make our

company more to be known, so we need to be advertising variety of media. Such as

o Signboard

We used the signboard for advertising our company because it is remarkable

makes is known of others.

o Internet and Leaflet

We will use the internet for

advertising by create the website of

Figure 3.4 Signboard

sheets

Figure 3.5 Advertising company

sheets

Page 79: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

company and have advertising on others website. And our company will advertise the

leaflet to distribute to various places.

o Souvenir

Our company will have a souvenir for the customer that is advertisement of

Ton-Yang Company. Such as bags, glass and T- shirt have logo of our band for

promote.

Figure 3.6 Souvenir

Figure 3.7 Souvenir

Figure 3.8 Souvenir

Page 80: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 3.9 Banner

o Radio

We will promote our company by the advertising on the radio FM 95.75

MHz. (Wittayuchoomchon Sumpan Amphor Ganghangmaew) and FM 95.75 MHz.

Hitstation Ra Yong.

o Agriculture Fair

It is about agriculture43

, plants and gardens in Chanthaburi.44

43

http://forum.fernsai.com/index.php?topic=554.0 44

http://www.chanforchan.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=538728961&Ntype

=11

Page 81: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 3.10 Banner

Table 3.4 Concentrate latex

3.4 Sales

Forecast

Rubber is a crop that is important to the national economy and is an important to

market and is likely to increase

Chanthaburi province in 2012 has grown the para rubber more than 352,307 rai

and trends increase in the future. In one month, which is the spring harvest is about 20

days to produce about 9 kg /rai and can be devided RSS 3 into 2.4 kg/rai/day. We

estimate the production of concentrate latex in Chanthaburi, there will be like the table

following

Table show, forecasting 8 years for harvest rubber.

Year Concentrate latex per rai

2013 170,000

2014 280.000

2015 390,000

2016 520,000

2017 630,000

2018 750,000

2019 890,000

Page 82: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2020 1,060,000

When we already estimate price forecasting, we will get the sale forecasting in

each year following

Page 83: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Sales Forecast

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2013 Sales

Forecast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

RSS3 units sold 100,000 0 0 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 1,000,000

Sale price @

unit 90 0 0 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90

Total of RSS3 9,000,000 0 0 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 90,000,000

Concentrated

latex units sold 100,000 0 0 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 1,000,000

Sale price @

unit 70 0 0 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70

Total of

Concentrated

latex 7,000,000 0 0 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 70,000,000

Total 16,000,000 0 0 16,000,000 16,000,000 16,000,000 16,000,000 16,000,000 16,000,000 16,000,000 16,000,000 16,000,000 160,000,000

Table 3.5 Sales Forecast

Page 84: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2014 Sales

Forecast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

RSS3 units sold 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 3,600,000

Sale price @

unit 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Total of RSS3 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 30,000,000 360,000,000

Concentrated

latex units sold 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 3,600,000

Sale price @

unit 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85

Total of

Concentrated

latex 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 25,500,000 306,000,000

Total 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 55,500,000 666,000,000

Table 3.6 Sales Forecast

Page 85: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2015 Sales

Forecast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

RSS3 units sold 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 4,200,000

Sale price @

unit 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110

Total of RSS3 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 38,500,000 462,000,000

Concentrated

latex units sold 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000 4,200,000

Sale price @

unit 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95

Total of

Concentrated

latex 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 33,250,000 399,000,000

Total 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 71,750,000 861,000,000

Table 3.7 Sales Forecast

Page 86: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2016 Sales

Forecast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

RSS3 units sold 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 4,800,000

Sale price @

unit 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 116

Total of RSS3 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 46,400,000 556,800,000

Concentrated

latex units sold 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 4,800,000

Sale price @

unit 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Total of

Concentrated

latex 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 480,000,000

Total 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 86,400,000 1,036,800,000

Table 3.8 Sales Forecast

Page 87: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2017 Sales

Forecast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

RSS3 units sold 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 6,000,000

Sale price @

unit 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126

Total of RSS3 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 63,000,000 756,000,000

Concentrated

latex units sold 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 6,000,000

Sale price @

unit 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105

Total of

Concentrated

latex 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 52,500,000 630,000,000

Total 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 115,500,000 1,386,000,000

Table 3.9 Sales Forecast

Page 88: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2018 Sales

Forecast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

RSS3 units sold 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 7,200,000

Sale price @

unit 131 131 131 131 131 131 131 131 131 131 131 131

Total of RSS3 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 78,600,000 943,200,000

Concentrated

latex units sold 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 7,200,000

Sale price @

unit 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115

Total of

Concentrated

latex 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 69,000,000 828,000,000

Total 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 147,600,000 1,771,200,000

Table 3.10 Sales Forecast

Page 89: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2019 Sales

Forecast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

RSS3 units sold 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 9,600,000

Sale price @

unit 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

Total of RSS3 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 108,000,000 1,296,000,000

Concentrated

latex units sold 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 9,600,000

Sale price @

unit 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119

Total of

Concentrated

latex 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 95,200,000 1,142,400,000

Total 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 203,200,000 1,828,800,000

Table 3.11 Sales Forecast

Page 90: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

2020 Sales

Forecast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

RSS3 units sold 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 12,000,000

Sale price @

unit 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139

Total of RSS3 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 139,000,000 1,668,000,000

Concentrated

latex units sold 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 12,000,000

Sale price @

unit 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124

Total of

Concentrated

latex 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 124,000,000 1,488,000,000

Total 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 263,000,000 3,156,000,000

Table 3.12 Sales Forecast

Page 91: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

3.5 Marketing Expenses (Sales Incentive)

The Company will focus on rubber trees on the production of goods and raw

materials for more and more in the long-term of the market to be the distributor good

latex for the company .The Company was necessary expenses in the market for

advertising to ensure that the distribution of latex in good company, so it is necessary to

promote the of the Company.

In the first year that began to open a company. The Company is also a

customer who knew we could not enough. Sales forecast of the Ton-

Yang Company we have to buy latex by up to the domestic market in

price of latex about 89% and when the subscription period, the latex, the

company will be used to make a rubber for export sales. Our company,

which is expected that rubber is likely to be around 90 Baht and which

we will give credit to the people will buy rubber from us by the ratio is

reduced to 2%.45

Our company will use radio to the promote the company by Sport

advertise at 46FM 95.75 MHz. (Wittayuchoomchon Sumpan Amphor

Ganghangmaew) 120 times per month/2000 Bath and 47FM 95.75 MHz.

Hitstation Ra Yong 150 times per month/2000 Bath price total 4000

Bath

48Our company will join with Horticultural Exposition in Chanthaburi

province By using budget 50000 Baht per day / total price 100,000 Baht.

49Leaflets will be used to distribute and promote at the Agriculture

Bureau and Horticultural Exposition in Chanthaburi province. Size A5

Spec2, 4 colors 2 page Art paper 130 gram 1000 disc-sheet/2.50 bath,

total 2500 Baht.

45

http://www.rubber.co.th/menu5.php 46

คุณศรชยั รัตนกุล. Interview, 10 January 2012

47 คุณทวีศกัด์ิ คงคารัตน์. Interview, 6 January 2012

48 http://www.rakbankerd.com/agriculture/print.php?id=5198&s=tblplant

49 http://bangkokprint.com/?page_id=36

Page 92: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

50The Company will be advertised via the internet, including Web of the

Company and Facebook have registration fees domain 299 Bath per year,

as well as 8 years total price 2392 Bath.

51Our company will advertise a vinyl label in in Chanthaburi province

and the Agriculture Bureau. Size 1 meters wide * 2 meters, 69 Bath per

mater,30 label total price 4140 Bath.

52About the souvenir, we have to spend money for make it 12,000 Baht

per month.

50

http://www.bizqsoft.com/domain.php

51 http://chanthaburicity.olxthailand.com/69-iid-196513732

52 http://www.thonburipremium.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Ntype=9

Page 93: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Marketing Expense

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2013 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Selling expense

Discount sale 1,580 1,630 2,990 2,820 2,640 2,240 2,170 1,600 1,780 1,890 1,620 1,500 24,460

Sale commission 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 3,840,000

Total selling expense 321,580 321,630 322,990 322,820 322,640 322,240 322,170 321,600 321,780 321,890 321,620 321,500 3,864,460

Advertising expense

Radio local 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 48,000

Event (HORTEX) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 100,000

Leaflet 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 5,000

Internet domand 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299

Singbord 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 8,280

Souvenir 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 36,000

Other 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000

Total advertising

expense 21,439 7,500 5,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 11,640 5,000 17,000 5,000 105,000 5,000 209,579

Total marketing

expense 343,019 329,130 327,990 327,820 339,640 327,240 333,810 326,600 338,780 326,890 426,620 326,500 4,074,039

Unit = Bath

Table 3.13 Marketing Expense

Page 94: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2014 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Selling expense

Discount sale 1,670 1,600 2,240 2,140 2,020 2,200 2,170 1,760 1,780 1,920 1,550 1,300 22,350

Sale commission 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 1,110,000 13,320,000

Total selling expense 1,111,670 1,111,600 1,112,240 1,112,140 1,112,020 1,112,200 1,112,170 1,111,760 1,111,780 1,111,920 1,111,550 1,111,300 13,342,350

Advertising expense

Radio local 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 48,000

Event (HORTEX) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 100,000

Leaflet 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 5,000

Internet domand 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299

Singbord 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 8,280

Souvenir 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 36,000

Other 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000

Total advertising

expense 21,439 7,500 5,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 11,640 5,000 17,000 5,000 105,000 5,000 209,579

Total maketing expense 1,133,109 1,119,100 1,117,240 1,117,140 1,129,020 1,117,200 1,123,810 1,116,760 1,128,780 1,116,920 1,216,550 1,116,300 13,551,929

Unit = Bath

Table 3.14 Marketing Expense

Page 95: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2015 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Selling expense

Discount sale 1,980 2,100 2,050 2,000 1,940 1,900 1,880 1,750 1,700 1,830 1,500 1,300 21,930

Sale commission 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 1,435,000 17,220,000

Total selling expense 1,436,980 1,437,100 1,437,050 1,437,000 1,436,940 1,436,900 1,436,880 1,436,750 1,436,700 1,436,830 1,436,500 1,436,300 17,241,930

Advertising expense

Radio local 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 48,000

Event (HORTEX) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 100,000

Leaflet 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 5,000

Internet domand 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299

Singbord 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 8,280

Souvenir 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 36,000

Other 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000

Total advertising

expense 21,439 7,500 5,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 11,640 5,000 17,000 5,000 105,000 5,000 209,579

Total maketing expense 1,458,419 1,444,600 1,442,050 1,442,000 1,453,940 1,441,900 1,448,520 1,441,750 1,453,700 1,441,830 1,541,500 1,441,300 17,451,509

Unit = Bath

Table 3.15 Marketing Expense

Page 96: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2016 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Selling expense

Discount sale 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,040 1,800 1,920 1,880 1,600 1,520 1,700 1,420 1,200 21,380

Sale commission 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 1,728,000 20,736,000

Total selling expense 1,730,100 1,730,100 1,730,100 1,730,040 1,729,800 1,729,920 1,729,880 1,729,600 1,729,520 1,729,700 1,729,420 1,729,200 20,757,380

Advertising expense

Radio local 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 48,000

Event (HORTEX) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 100,000

Leaflet 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 5,000

Internet domand 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299

Singbord 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 8,280

Souvenir 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 36,000

Other 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000

Total advertising

expense 21,439 7,500 5,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 11,640 5,000 17,000 5,000 105,000 5,000 209,579

Total maketing expense 1,751,539 1,737,600 1,735,100 1,735,040 1,746,800 1,734,920 1,741,520 1,734,600 1,746,520 1,734,700 1,834,420 1,734,200 20,966,959

Unit = Bath

Table 3.16 Marketing Expense

Page 97: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2017 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Selling expense

Discount sale 2,750 2,920 2,400 2,200 2,120 1,900 1,880 1,600 1,750 1,700 1,020 800 23,040

Sale commission 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 2,310,000 27,720,000

Total selling expense 2,312,750 2,312,920 2,312,400 2,312,200 2,312,120 2,311,900 2,311,880 2,311,600 2,311,750 2,311,700 2,311,020 2,310,800 27,743,040

Advertising expense

Radio local 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 48,000

Event (HORTEX) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 100,000

Leaflet 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 5,000

Internet domand 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299

Singbord 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 8,280

Souvenir 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 36,000

Other 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000

Total advertising

expense 21,439 7,500 5,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 11,640 5,000 17,000 5,000 105,000 5,000 209,579

Total maketing expense 2,334,189 2,320,420 2,317,400 2,317,200 2,329,120 2,316,900 2,323,520 2,316,600 2,328,750 2,316,700 2,416,020 2,315,800 27,952,619

Unit = Bath

Table 3.17 Marketing Expense

Page 98: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2018 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Selling expense

Discount sale 2,900 3,110 3,010 3,150 2,580 2,600 2,420 2,200 2,470 2,210 2,380 1,950 30,980

Sale commission 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 2,952,000 35,424,000

Total selling expense 2,954,900 2,955,110 2,955,010 2,955,150 2,954,580 2,954,600 2,954,420 2,954,200 2,954,470 2,954,210 2,954,380 2,953,950 35,454,980

Advertising expense

Radio local 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 48,000

Event (HORTEX) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 100,000

Leaflet 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 5,000

Internet domand 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299

Singbord 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 8,280

Souvenir 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 36,000

Other 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000

Total advertising

expense 21,439 7,500 5,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 11,640 5,000 17,000 5,000 105,000 5,000 209,579

Total maketing expense 2,976,339 2,962,610 2,960,010 2,960,150 2,971,580 2,959,600 2,966,060 2,959,200 2,971,470 2,959,210 3,059,380 2,958,950 35,664,559

Unit = Bath

Table 3.18 Marketing Expense

Page 99: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2019 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Selling expense

Discount sale 3,120 3,330 3,150 3,150 2,780 2,940 2,610 2,420 2,470 2,440 2,170 1,980 32,560

Sale commission 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 4,064,000 48,768,000

Total selling expense 4,067,120 4,067,330 4,067,150 4,067,150 4,066,780 4,066,940 4,066,610 4,066,420 4,066,470 4,066,440 4,066,170 4,065,980 48,800,560

Advertising expense

Radio local 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 48,000

Event (HORTEX) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 100,000

Leaflet 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 5,000

Internet domand 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299

Singbord 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 8,280

Souvenir 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 36,000

Other 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000

Total advertising

expense 21,439 7,500 5,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 11,640 5,000 17,000 5,000 105,000 5,000 209,579

Total maketing expense 4,088,559 4,074,830 4,072,150 4,072,150 4,083,780 4,071,940 4,078,250 4,071,420 4,083,470 4,071,440 4,171,170 4,070,980 49,010,139

Unit = Bath

Table 3.19 Marketing Expense

Page 100: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2020 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Selling expense

Discount sale 3,050 3,380 3,270 3,210 2,880 3,030 2,710 2,640 2,560 2,530 2,220 2,110 33,590

Sale commission 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 5,260,000 63,120,000

Total selling expense 5,263,050 5,263,380 5,263,270 5,263,210 5,262,880 5,263,030 5,262,710 5,262,640 5,262,560 5,262,530 5,262,220 5,262,110 63,153,590

Advertising expense

Radio local 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 48,000

Event (HORTEX) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,000 0 100,000

Leaflet 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 5,000

Internet domand 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299

Singbord 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 0 0 0 0 0 8,280

Souvenir 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 12,000 0 0 0 36,000

Other 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000

Total advertising

expense 21,439 7,500 5,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 11,640 5,000 17,000 5,000 105,000 5,000 209,579

Total maketing expense 5,284,489 5,270,880 5,268,270 5,268,210 5,279,880 5,268,030 5,274,350 5,267,640 5,279,560 5,267,530 5,367,220 5,267,110 63,363,169

Unit = Bath

Table 3.20 Marketing Expense

Page 101: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

3.6 Conclusion

Rubber is industrial drop and exports are an important of Thailand. Rubbers make

money and create career that people have income. In Chanthaburi we have only company that

is will be our company, so our company will not have more competitors, but in Thailand have

many company that trading about the rubber. We can attract other customer that near our

company. Target market of Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company are D.S RUBBER AND

LATEX Co.,Ltd and SHUN THAI RUBBER GLOVES INDUSTRY PUBLIC CO.,LTD.

Promotion of Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company we have be advertising variety of media

such as Signboard, Internet and Leaflet, Souvenir, Radio and Agriculture Fair. Sales Forecast

and Profit Estimation are estimation sales in future. Marketing Expenses was necessary

expenses in the market for advertising to ensure that the distribution of latex in good

company.

Page 102: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 4

Page 103: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 4: Investment Cost

4.1 Cost of Investment

4.1.1 Pre-Operating Cost53

Memorandum fee 35,000

Cost of register the company limited 257,000

Request for industrial license 200

Cost of register industrial license 17,000

Factory fee per year 5,000

Total cost of register 314,200

Unit:Baht

*Fee rate of Business Development for organization

4.1.2 Investment Cost

o Land and Building

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company is 8 Moo 7 Khunsong, Amphoe

Kaenghangmaew, Chanthaburi province. Areas will be 8 Rai and 555 square meters.

Cost of land THB 3,000,000 and factory is 10,000,000 THB.54

53

http://www.dbd.go.th/mainsite/index.php?id=659 54

http://chanthaburicity.olxthailand.com/iid-341928645

Figure 4.1 Land and Building Figure 4.2 Land and Building

Page 104: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

o Location

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company is 8 Moo 7 Khunsong, Amphoe

Kaenghangmaew, Chanthaburi province.55

55

http://www.thai-tour.com/eng/chanthaburi/map.htm

Figure 4.3 Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company map

Page 105: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

o Equipments

- Tools / Equipments

Equipment Detail Price Un

it Total

HP Pavilion a1585L

Pavilion a1585L Intel Pentium

D processor 805, 2.66GHz

512MB, 160GB, 16X DVD-

RW, nVidia GeForce 7300LE

3D PCI-Express Graphics up to

256MB with TV-out +HP

MX705e 17 CRT Flat Monitor

with USB Speakers

26,750 THB

3

80,250 THB

EPSON EPL-N2500

MONOCHROME LASER

PRINTER

Fast print speed of 25

ppm (A4) & 15 ppm

(A3)

Less than 5.2 seconds

first page out

16MB memory (Max.

144MB)

Parallel, USB & Type

B interface

Duplex & network

options

51,000 THB 2 102,000THB

Page 106: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

EPSON PERFECTION

V600 PHOTO

VERSATILE PHOTO

SCANNER

Epson ReadyScan LED

Technology

Multiple film format

scanning

6400x9600 DPI

scanning

Epson Digital ICE

Epson Creativity Suite

11,900 THB 1 11,900 THB

Canon Plain Paper Fax.

L380S + Handset.

Send the documents to

50 sheets (A4).

Maximum print

resolution of 1,200 ×

600 dpi.

Transmission speeds up

to 3 seconds / page.

Size (W x L x H): 43.8

× 58.5 × 34.8 cm

26,500 THB 1 26,500 THB

Panasonic Telephone

KX-T2371.

Dialed automatically.

One-touch button / pin

number to the number

USB Data Port for

trailers.

1,070 THB 10 10,700 THB

Page 107: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Ferrari desk drawer deck

and left - right ST165DB

+ SDA.

Particleboard is made

of wood board. Coated

25 mm thick Melamine

Top

There are three drawers

on the left and the right

two floors (ground

floor, a hanging file).

Size 165 × 80x 75 cm

13,900 THB 10

139,000

THB

Deck chairs String

Ferrari artificial leather

cloth.

Backrests cover with

cotton.

Foam seat upholstered

with leather lining.

Consigned by the low

hydraulic systems.

1,990 THB 10 19,900 THB

Total 390,250

THB

Source: http://www.itfocusthai.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=356707

http://www.epson.co.th/sites/epson_thailand/en/homepage.page

http://www.officemate.co.th

http://www.furnituretook.com

Page 108: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

o Office Tools

Tools Detail Price Unit Total

Fire extinguisher

The chassis is

made of thick steel

at the bottom of

the tank and

fenders.

Can fuel fires of

any kind.

Useful life of 5

years.

10 pounds.

940 THB

3

2,820 THB

24 inch industrial fan

Accord AC-24.

Thick steel blades.

Plated, chrome

plated for rust

protection.

The sturdy safety

net.

Rotor diameter of

24 inches (600

mm).

Adjust the wind

has three levels.

Size (diameter x

height): * 75 ×

148 cm

2,950 THB

5

14,750

THB

Page 109: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 8 Standard

Equipment Governor

General Meeting Ferrari

deck.

Material from teak

wood.

Rectangular table.

8 seats for chairs.

Bargaining table

and chair legs.

The track surface.

Table size (L x W

x H): 240 × 120 x

75 cm

Chair Dimensions

(W x D x H): 53 ×

53 x 78 cm

21,500

THB

1

21,500

THB

3 seat sofa brown Ferrari

Deck S.

Good quality

leather. The seat

and suspension

arms were

designed to look

thicker. And ultra

soft.

Size 185 × 80x82

cm

6,650 THB

1

6,650 THB

Power cord (3 meters)

Belkin F9E800th.

8 outlet surge

protector power

socket.

Plug the 3-pin

890 THB

15

13,350

THB

Page 110: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Led 32" Sony KLV-

32EX330 SONY KLV-

32EX330

HD,1366 X 768

Pixels

Contrast Ratio

1,000,000:1

Brightness 500

CD/M2

Response Time 2

MS

Input AV

X2,HDMI

X2,Component

X1

Output AV

12,490

THB

3

37,470

THB

LG Air Condition wall-

mounted version Heathy

cool. S24-AN E1

24,000 BTU

NO.5

26,900

THB

4

107,600

THB

Total 204,140

THB

Source: http://www.topcoolair.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=394554&Ntype=18

http://www.itfocusthai.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=356707

http://www.officemate.co.th

http://www.powerbuy.co.th/ProductDetail.aspx?itemNo=PWB000197698

Page 111: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

o Toilet Equipment

Tools Detail Price Unit Total

Wash basin: COTTO

Dimensions: 615 x

470 x 205 mm

Standard tap 1 tap

hole.

3,550 THB

5

17,750 THB

Water closet: COTTO

Size: 435 x 680 x

725 mm

5,440 THB

5

27,200 THB

Urinal: COTTO

Size: 460 x 335 x

750 mm

5,750 THB

6

34,500 THB

Shower: PREMA

Size: 20 x 20 x 20

cm

770 THB

3

2,310 THB

Towels Box: PREMA

480 THB

5

2,400 THB

Page 112: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Hose Pay: PREMA

Size: 20 x 30 x 5 cm

470 THB

5

2,350 THB

COTTO: MC822

3,560 THB

6

21,360 THB

Total 107,870

THB

Source: http://www.scgexperience.co.th/en/product/searchs-Bathroom-B04-B0408.aspx

Page 113: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

o Tools Factory

Tools Detail Price Unit Total

Water tank for Para rubber

Have 4 size

No. 1

No. 2

No. 3

No. 4

No. 1 = 126 Baht

No. 2 = 114 Baht

No. 3 = 102 Baht

No. 4 = 96 Baht

No. 1 = 25

No. 2 = 30

No. 3 = 35

No. 4 = 20

12,060

THB

Rubber broom

Rubber broom.

From Yala

province. Made of

100% tire. And

Broom latex

204 Baht /dozen

5 Dozen

1,020

THB

Cup of water

Have three size

size 16

size 18

size 20

size 16 = 2.64

THB

size 18 = 3 THB

size 20 = 3.6

THB

size 16 =

100

size 18 =

100

size 20 =

100

924 THB

Rolling rubber, A2000-2

Include:

A

massage.

Smooth

rolling 3

doubles.

3. Rolled

stripes 2

pairs.

70,000 THB ( Not

include tax)

10 700,000

THB

Page 114: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

TA-KONG cement block

-TA-KONG

cement blocks 68

channels.

-Size

60x174.5x37.8.

24,000 THB 5 120,000

THB

wheeled cart

size 75 x 125 1,900 THB 10 19,000

THB

Total 853,004

THB

Source: http://www.yangparatrang.com

https://sites.google.com/site/salestakong1/

http://www.trpfurniture.com

http://www.an-anek.com/2010/main.php?p=5&id=10

Page 115: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

o Kitchen Equipment

INTERLOCK COUNTER:

COTTO

INTERLOCK

COUNTER

KITCHEN

CK11G006

58,000

THB

1

58,000

THB

REGINOX: Sink

Size: 11 x 5 x 1 cm

Weight 10 (kg).

15,920

THB

1

15,920

THB

Table 8 Standard

Equipment Governor

General Meeting Ferrari

deck.

Material from teak

wood.

Rectangular table.

8 seats for chairs.

Bargaining table

and chair legs. The

track surface.

Table size (L x W

x H): 240 × 120 x

75 cm

Chair Dimensions

(W x D x H): 53 ×

53 x 78 cm

21,500

THB

1

21,500

THB

Total 95,420

THB

Page 116: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Dormitory tools

o Facility Management

Bed

3.5 ft.

1,890 THB

15

28,350

THB

Wardrobe

80 cm.

1,250 THB

15

18,750

THB

Dresser

60 cm.

950 THB

15

14,250

THB

Total 61,350

THB

Source: http://www.furnituretook.com

Page 117: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

o Vehicle

TRUCK: HENO

SERIES 5 FM1AKLA T (PTO) Trailer 10 wheels 6 cylinder 344

2,580,000 THB.56

X 2 = 5,160,000 THB

Pickup

TOYOTA Prerunner 2.5 E A/T ABA (Navi)

884,000 THB.57

X 1 = 884,000 THB

56

http://www.truck.in.th/checkprice.php#HINO

57 http://www.toyota.co.th/productdetail.php?model=vigo_double_cab&opt=grades

Page 118: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Facility layout

o Office Layout

Figure 4.4 Office Layout

Page 119: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

o House for employees Layout

Figure 4.4 House for employees Layout

Page 120: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Merchandise cost

For the production, Ton-Yang Company uses many of merchandise to take

products. All of this we can calculate the number of money with is 190, 00 Baht

No. Item Picture Price

(Baht) Amount

Total

(Baht)

1. Rubber rolling machine

8,500 8 68,000

2. Rubber rolling machine

30,000 2 60,000

3. Cutting machine

25,000 1 25,000

4. Vinyl rubber

18,500 2 37,000

Total 190,000

Source: www.machine.yongfongthai.com/index.php?langtype=th&pageid=th_40

www.rubber-processing.org.cn

4.2 Depreciation

Investment Amount Depreciation Annual Dep. Monthly Dep.

Building 10,000,000 20 500,000 41,666.67

Machine 190,000 5 38,000 791.67

Equipment 797,680 5 159,536 3,323.67

Vehicle 6,044,000 5 1,208,800 25,183.33

Page 121: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

4.3 Conclusion

Expense paid for the first one but can reap the benefit from a long term

investment. In some cases, when investment for expanded the plan. The expense

consists costs such as Pre-Operating Cost, Investment Cost includes (Land, Buildings,

Equipments, and Tools.), Location, Facility Layout, Machine/Tools /Equipments,

Depreciation the building. The investment in fixed assets, land and buildings, location

for employees. storage facilities equipment and materials. Will not be included in the

building previously used it.

The preparation or renovation. Including the provision of power supply system

and security system. the cost of implementation. Expenses incurred during the project.

Is a recurring expense. Such as Material cost is the cost for supplies such as paper or

ribbon for the recorded media machine. And of spare parts etc.

Page 122: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 5

Page 123: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.1 Product Characteristics Figure 5.2 Product Characteristics

Figure 5.3 Product Characteristics Figure 5.4 Product Characteristics

Chapter5: Production and Operating Analysis

5.1 Product Characteristics

1. Agriculturist wholesaler must produce a quality rubber sheet to standard of the

rubber Research Institute.

2. Raw rubber sheets vendors must be selected raw rubber sheets with the same at

10-15 tied each piece.

3. Agriculturist arrangement rubbers at the same quality with clear of rubber each

class. While the rubber in the central market.

4. Agriculturist must not field with below standard quality of rubber into tied. If it

is detected from the first up to the sheet. Will be cut all tied.

5. Agriculturist be careful and make sure not to have foreign objects such as

knives, scissors, hook, or other materials campsites of rubber smoked sheet

before sale to the middle market.

Page 124: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.5 Product RSS3

6. During transport to the central market of rubber. Use a sailcloth cover rubber for

completely because to prevent dust, or rainwater to make a rubber a dirty, or wet

of rubber during transportation. 58

5.2 Specification, Features, Dimension and Life Time.

Specification

Specification of Rubber and Latex

Average price/kilogram

Concentrated latex RSS3

70 100

RSS359

58

http://www.yardc.go.th/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17:prepari

ng-rubber-method&catid=6:rubbermarket&Itemid=11 59

http://www.sirichai-intertrade.com/product_detail.php

Page 125: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.6 Latex Figure 5.7 Latex

Figure 5.8 Latex

Latex60

Features

- The manufacturing process of rubber sheet.

Rubber is a good principle is to clean the rubber. Give some

rolled sheets. The regularly of rubber are standard size. And use the

water and the acid.

The methods and procedures to do following.61

60

http://www.aopdr01.doae.go.th/DRC%201.htm

http://www.sc.mahidol.ac.th/scbi/MUBIO_Webboard.php?TopicID=1850&Action=Vie

wTopic&Lang=Eng 61

http://www.rubbernongkhai.com/index.php/component/content/article/3-activity/426-

rubberdee

Page 126: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.9 Latex

Step 1: Collect the latex

1. Should be wiped clean before the rubber cups for

latex.

2. Clean water tank before use anytime.

3. Do not wear latex leaves into the tank. Rubbers

will dirty to clot faster is hard to filter latex.

4. The latex storage tank should be closures. To

prevent the latex splash out in the water to the

factory of rubber sheet.

Step 2: Cleaning equipment

Cleanliness is the most important in making a good rubber. Equipment to clean

the rubber sheet. Before and after use tool made of rubber sheets should be wet before

each use. For easy cleaning after use is completed.

Equipment needed to do a rubber sheet.

1. The filter the wire No. 40 and 60.

2. Tray.

3. Tanks for the latex supply and water.

4. Rubber massage table.

5. A rolling slip types and kinds of flowering.

6. Greenhouse or shed simple.

7. Cans measuring cup the latex and water.

8. Paddle for stirring the latex.

9. Container mixed acid.

Page 127: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.10 Latex

Figure 5.11 Latex

Step 3: Filtered the latex

The latex filter with the filter wire No. 40 and 60 to

remove impurities. By placing 2 the filter stacked above

the number 40 and number 60 below.

Step 4: Measuring the trays the latex

Measuring the filtered rubber latex. Add Trays

clean, 3 l.

Step 5: Mix the water with the rubber latex

Fill water into the rubber latex and then put trays, trays liters per 2 is the rate

ingredients. Between rubber latex and water at the rate of 3 per 2 (mixing ratio may

vary. If rubber latex is diluted to such as the case of rain rubber latex or from other

causes).

Page 128: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.12 Latex

Step 6: Select acid and mixed acid

Solid rubber and so the quality is better. Meet the needs of buyers and industry

should use for Formic acid. The concentration of 90%, which are different from any

other type of acids is a colorless, pungent smell. If inhaled will severely keen nose and

dissolve in water very well.

Advantages of Formic acid.

1. Rubber solid sheets regularly.

2. High Evaporation.

3. Never made sticky rubber.

4. Rubber and flexibility of the original.

5. A house and the rubber smell.

6. Equipment does not make much damage the rubber sheets, to make a

long a lifetime.

Formic acid mixed, rubber sheet to freeze for 30 - 45 minutes to Formic acid

ratio in the acid following the Fort Mick soup mix 2 tablespoons water 3 cans of milk

and stir to combine. Pour the water into the acid. The container should be coated must

be beer or gallon plastic mixed.

Step 7: Use acid water mixed

Used paddle rubber in stirred water trays a 1-2 on the measuring mix and 1 can

of milk and pour acid into water over trays. Pour the acid is mixed with water to paddle

stirring for about 6 flights (Formic acid 1 bottle made rubber is about 90 to 100 sheets.

Step 8: Sweep the bubbles of rubber latex

While Stir the rubber latex with

bubbles. The paddle sweep out bubbles

from trays. A container for a Collected of

fine rubber scrap latex bubbles, if not sweep

out. When smoked the rubber to see the

spots the air in sheets rubber. The rubber

quality is lower than it should be.

Page 129: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.13 Latex

Step 9

Use zinc sheets or any other material to prevent dust particles off trays. Or the

dirt in the rubber latex is captured. Leave it for about 30 - 45 minutes.

Step 10: Massage rubber sheets

When the rubber coagulation on it

before the massage. Clean water should be

poured into mold trays for easy pour out of

trays rubber. Rubber tires on a massage

table, massage should be clean. Figures are

paved with aluminum or Zinc sheets.

Massage with hands or sticks. Or have a

massage every rubber should be cleaned

before massage. Rubber massage and a

thickness of about 1 cm.

Step 11

Rolled with rubber Gliding. The rubber sheets massage. Gliding machine 3-4

times, some estimated 3-4 mm.

Step 12: Rubber sheets rolled with rolled flowering

After the rubber sheets rolled machine, rubber sheets and slipped it into the

machine 1 more time flowering will let sheets rubber rolling flowering on stacked and

dry faster when to smoke.

Step 13: To clear sheets rubber

Flowering then rolled sheets of rubber. Rubber should be washed with clean

water to remove acid. And the dirt trapped under the surface of the rubber sheets out.

Page 130: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.14 Latex

Figure 5.15 Latex

Step 14: Airing rubber sheets

The rubber sheets that washed

with clean water washed with clean

water and sheets of rubber. Rubber

should be airing in the shade. Should

not be taken out to dry in the sun due to

sheets deteriorate rubber easily. Do not

put rubber sheets on the ground, or

laying rubber sheets in the presence of

dust or the dirt easily.

Steps 15: To rubber sheets to storage wait for selling

After airing the rubber sheets for about 6 hours was collected. By resting on the

rail. Greenhouses to pending for sale).

Page 131: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.16 Latex

Dimension

Our company produces high quality of rubber sheets. The rubber sheets quality

have the following characteristics.

1. Rubber sheet regularly, Thickness not exceeding 3 mm.

2. A size of rubber is 38-46 cm long, 80-90 cm.

3. Weighing 0.8 to 1.2 kg / piece.

4. Dirt and mold clean air contamination.

5. A rectangular shape. No color contracted neck regularly.

6. Humidity should not exceed 2% rubber.

7. Has good flexibility. 62

Life Time

Period of the manufacturing rubber sheets. Time to wait for dry the rubber, it

takes about 10 to 15 days then is can be collected and to sell. If will take the rubber to

smoked. After airing of the rubber sheets. When the water stops flowing. Was able bake

or smoked it. To make Rubber smoked sheets. Smoked by the factory. Temperature of

50-60 ° C for about 4-10 days.63

62

http://www.live-rubber.com/para-rubber-articles/51-para-rubber/189-unsmoked-

sheet-rubber-method 63

http://km.rubber.co.th/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4350:2012-

06-05-03-56-20&catid=124:2012-06-05-03-34-48&Itemid=236

Page 132: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

5.3 Production Process

5.3.1 Ribbed Smoked Sheet Processes

- We collect our "Raw Material" from local farmers, Rubber Sheet as it comes to

us contain humidity and impurity that must be removed during the smoking and

drying process.

- RSS processing starts with the cleaning phase, rubber sheet is immersed in water

tank with soap added, then passed through a cleaning machine to remove

external dirt.

- They are hanged on bamboo stem for drying, the rubber sheets are put into an

oven of dimension of about 4m wide by 8m depth by 6m height and stay there

for 3 to 5 days depends on the thickness of the sheet.

- The oven is heat by wood that we obtain from old rubber tree, because the

temperature inside the oven is maintained constant at about 70 degrees Celsius.

- After smoking, the rubber sheet becomes more transparent, impurity is hence

more visible and removed.

- Smoked sheets are then classified into 5 different grades, namelyRSS1, RSS2,

RSS3, RSS4 and RSS5 depending on many factors such as purity, elasticity,

color, etc.

- For "Bale" packing, the rubber sheet is pressed by hydraulic machine into a cube

shape with dimension 60cm x 60cm and weighs about 111.11

kilogrammes/bales, which comply to international export packing.

- For "Shrink Wrap", the rubber sheet is simply folded, put in a plastic bag of 35

kgs/bales, then 36 bles forms a pallet of 1260 kilogrammes/pallets.64

5.3.2 Concentrated Latex Processes

- Field latex collected and transported to factory, keep in good condition by

ammonia solution added or other included chemicals.

- The field latex properties were adjusted to factory standards.

- The field latex was then centrifuged by centrifugal machine.

64

http://www.thaihua.com/v4/en/factory/rss-process.php

Page 133: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

- The concentrated latex achieved will be 60% of dry rubber content. The

concentrated latex properties were then adjusted to be standard value and kept in

good condition by ammonia or secondary preservative.

- Concentrated latex achieved are HA (High Ammonia Latex) and MA (Medium

Ammonia Latex).

- The final product is packed in standard drums with the capacity of 205

kilogram’s, each drum net weight is exactly 205 kilogram’s.65

5.4 Operating Cost

In the production, Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company use many of

merchandise to manufacture products. All of this we can calculate the operating cost

with is 51,301,780 Baht.

5.4.1 Raw material Cost

Formic acid

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company use a tank formic acid 35

Kilogram, 39 Baht/kg. , so it has 1,365 Baht. In 8 years Ton-Yang Rubber and

Latex Company will pay for formic acid is 3,407,040 Baht.

Latex

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company purchase latex from group of

rubber gardener at the price of 70 Baht/Unit. In 8 years Ton-Yang Rubber and

Latex Company will pay for latex is 17,617,600 Baht.

Water

For mixes latex and cleaning rubber and tools. Our company pays 580

Baht/Month. In 8 years Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company will pay for

water is 55,680 Baht

Rubber gloves

Workers of Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company use rubber gloves for

mix latex and activities that are contaminated. Rubber gloves are good quality

and Chemical protection. It has 135 Baht/Pair. So, in 8 years Ton-Yang Rubber

and Latex Company will pay for rubber gloves is 8,573,460 Baht.

65

http://www.reothai.co.th/Present/2555/Market/Eng/Latex60.pdf

Page 134: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

5.4.2 Direct Labor Cost

Worker salary

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company have workers with 15 people in

every line of production. They are working 8 hours in one day and take with 26

days per month. So, in 8 years Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company will pay

for worker is 11,232,000 Baht.

Minimum wage in Chanthaburi is 300 Baht/Day or 117,000 Baht/Month.

Staff salary

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company have staffs with 5 people; 3

people of lab staff and 2 people of technician. Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex

Company will pay money for them with 26 days per month. So, in 8 years Ton-

Yang Rubber and Latex Company will pay for staff is 5,376,000 Baht.

Lap staff

12,000 Baht/person or 36,000 Baht/Month.

Technician

10,000 Baht/person or 20,000 Baht/Month.

Housekeeper

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company have housekeeper with 1 people.

They are working 8 hours in one day and take with 26 days per month. So, in 8

years Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company will pay for housekeeper is

768,000 Baht.

8,000 Baht/person or 8,000 Baht/Month.

Driver

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company have driver with 2 people for

driving to transport raw material and goods. They are working 8 hours in one

day and take with 26 days per month. So, in 8 years Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex

Company will pay for driver is 1,536,000 Baht.

8,000 Baht/person or 16,000 Baht/Month.

Page 135: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Security guard

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company have security guard with 3

people. So, in 8 years Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company will pay for

security guard is 2,736,000 Baht.

9,500 Baht/person or 28,500 Baht/Month.

Page 136: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 5.1 Raw material cost

Table 5.2 Raw material cost

Raw material cost

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2013

Raw material

cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Formic acid 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 40,950 491,400

Latex 182,000 127,400 109,200 182,000 182,000 182,000 182,000 200,200 182,000 182,000 218,400 236,600 2,165,800

Water 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580

6,960

Rubber gloves 87,750 63,180 63,180 70,200 87,750 66,690 66,690 98,280 91,260 103,300 105,300 122,850 1,026,430

Total 311,280 232,110 213,910 293,730 311,280 290,220 290,220 340,010 314,790 326,830 365,230 400,980 3,690,590

Unit:Baht

Year 2014

Raw material

cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Formic acid 32,940 30,500 28,060 42,700 40,260 40,260 36,600 42,700 37,820 45,140 46,360 47,580 470,920

Latex 182,000 109,200 109,200 200,200 182,000 182,000 182,000 200,200 182,000 200,200 218,400 236,600 2,184,000

Water 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580

6,960

Rubber gloves 87,750 63,180 52,650 98,280 66,690 87,750 87,750 98,280 91,260 103,300 105,300 105,300 1,047,490

Total 303,270 203,460 190,490 341,760 289,530 310,590 306,930 341,760 311,660 349,220 370,640 390,060 3,709,370

Unit:Baht

Page 137: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 5.3 Raw material cost

Table 5.4 Raw material cost

Year 2015

Raw material

cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Formic acid 34,160 30,500 29,280 43,920 34,160 34,160 34,160 43,920 35,380 45,140 45,140 47,580 457,500

Latex 182,000 109,200 109,200 200,200 182,000 182,000 182,000 200,200 182,000 200,200 218,400 236,600 2,184,000

Water 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580

6,960

Rubber gloves 87,750 87,750 87,750 98,280 66,690 66,690 87,750 98,280 91,260 94,770 94,770 122,850

1,084,590

Total 304,490 228,030 226,810 342,980 283,430 283,430 304,490 342,980 309,220 340,690 358,890 407,610 3,733,050

Unit:Baht

Year 2016

Raw material

cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Formic acid 32,940 24,400 26,840 31,720 31,720 31,720 31,720 41,480 39,040 43,920 45,140 48,800 429,440

Latex 182,000 109,200 127,400 200,200 200,200 182,000 182,000 200,200 200,200 200,200 218,400 236,600 2,238,600

Water 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580

6,960

Rubber gloves 87,750 59,670 52,650 87,750 87,750 87,750 87,750 98,280 91,260 98,280 101,790 105,300 1,045,980

Total 303,270 193,850 207,470 320,250 320,250 302,050 302,050 340,540 331,080 342,980 365,910 391,280 3,720,980

Unit:Baht

Page 138: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 5.5 Raw material cost

Table 5.6 Raw material cost

Year 2017

Raw material

cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Formic acid 31,720 24,400 19,520 42,700 39,040 39,040 31,720 42,700 40,260 42,700 46,360 47,580 447,740

Latex 182,000 109,200 127,400 200,200 182,000 182,000 182,000 200,200 200,200 200,200 218,400 236,600 2,220,400

Water 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580

6,960

Rubber gloves 87,750 70,200 63,180 87,750 87,750 91,260 87,750 98,280 94,770 103,300 105,300 122,850 1,100,140

Total 302,050 204,380 210,680 331,230 309,370 312,880 302,050 341,760 335,810 346,780 370,640 407,610 3,775,240

Unit:Baht

Year 2018

Raw material

cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Formic acid 31,720 24,400 19,520 42,700 39,040 39,040 31,720 42,500 40,260 42,700 46,360 48,400 448,360

Latex 182,000 109,200 109,200 200,200 182,000 182,000 182,000 200,200 200,200 200,200 218,400 236,600 2,202,200

Water 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580

6,960

Rubber gloves 87,750 63,180 63,180 87,750 87,750 87,750 87,750 98,280 94,770 103,300 105,300 122,850 1,089,610

Total 302,050 197,360 192,480 331,230 309,370 309,370 302,050 341,560 335,810 346,780 370,640 408,430 3,747,130

Unit:Baht

Page 139: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 5.7 Raw material cost

Table 5.8 Raw material cost

Year 2019

Raw material

cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Formic acid 31,720 24,400 19,520 42,700 39,040 31,720 31,720 42,500 45,140 42,700 46,360 48,400 445,920

Latex 182,000 109,200 109,200 200,200 182,000 182,000 200,200 200,200 200,200 218,400 218,400 236,600 2,238,600

Water 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580

6,960

Rubber gloves 87,750 63,180 63,180 87,750 87,750 87,750 87,750 98,280 103,300 103,300 105,300 122,850 1,098,140

Total 302,050 197,360 192,480 331,230 309,370 302,050 320,250 341,560 349,220 364,980 370,640 408,430 3,789,620

Unit:Baht

Year 2020

Raw material

cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Formic acid 31,720 24,400 19,520 31,720 31,720 39,040 42,500 42,500 42,700 42,700 46,360 48,800 443,680

Latex 182,000 109,200 109,200 182,000 182,000 182,000 182,000 200,200 200,200 200,200 218,400 236,600 2,184,000

Water 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580

6,960

Rubber gloves 87,750 63,180 63,180 87,750 87,750 87,750 87,750 98,280 94,770 94,770 105,300 122,850 1,081,080

Total 302,050 197,360 192,480 302,050 302,050 309,370 312,830 341,560 338,250 338,250 370,640 408,830 3,715,720

Unit:Baht

Page 140: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 5.9 Direct labor cost

Table 5.10 Direct labor cost

Direct Labor Cost

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year 2013

Direct Labor

Cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Worker salary 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 1,404,000

Staff salary 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 672,000

Housekeeper 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000

Driver 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 192,000

Security guard 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 342,000

Total 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 2,706,000

Unit:Baht

Year 2014

Direct Labor

Cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Worker salary 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 1,404,000

Staff salary 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 672,000

Housekeeper 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000

Driver 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 192,000

Security guard 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 342,000

Total 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 2,706,000

Unit:Baht

Page 141: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 5.11 Direct labor cost

Table 5.12 Direct labor cost

Year 2015

Direct Labor

Cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Worker salary 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 1,404,000

Staff salary 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 672,000

Housekeeper 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000

Driver 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 192,000

Security guard 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 342,000

Total 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 2,706,000

Unit:Baht

Year 2016

Direct Labor

Cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Worker salary 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 1,404,000

Staff salary 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 672,000

Housekeeper 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000

Driver 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 192,000

Security guard 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 342,000

Total 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 2,706,000

Unit:Baht

Page 142: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 5.13 Direct labor cost

Table 5.14 Direct labor cost

Year 2017

Direct Labor

Cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Worker salary 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 1,404,000

Staff salary 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 672,000

Housekeeper 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000

Driver 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 192,000

Security guard 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 342,000

Total 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 2,706,000

Unit:Baht

Year 2018

Direct Labor

Cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Worker salary 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 1,404,000

Staff salary 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 672,000

Housekeeper 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000

Driver 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 192,000

Security guard 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 342,000

Total 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 2,706,000

Unit:Baht

Page 143: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 5.15 Direct labor cost

Table 5.16 Direct labor cost

Year 2019

Direct Labor

Cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Worker salary 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 1,404,000

Staff salary 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 672,000

Housekeeper 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000

Driver 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 192,000

Security guard 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 342,000

Total 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 2,706,000

Unit:Baht

Year 2020

Direct Labor

Cost Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Worker salary 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 117,000 1,404,000

Staff salary 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 672,000

Housekeeper 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000

Driver 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 192,000

Security guard 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500 342,000

Total 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 225,500 2,706,000

Unit:Baht

Page 144: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.17 Logistic Figure 5.18 Logistic

Figure 5.19 Map Chantaburi to Rayong

Logistics Management

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company send finish goods (rubber) to customer in D.S

Rubber and Latex Company66

Address:160 Sukhumvit Rd.

Moo.4,T.KongDin,AmphoeKlaeng,Rayong 22160. Tel.038-806357-8 and SHUN THAI

Rubber Gloves Industry Public Co.,Ltd67

Address: 9 HatYai - Chandi Rd,

Moo.4,T.Kachet,AmphoeMuang, Rayong 21100. Tel. 038-634072-3 by truck. Start from

transportation rubber from Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company by truck.

Transportation rubber and latex of Ton-Tang rubber and latex Company.We will take

the route Sukhumvit Road 3/AH123 from our company in Chantaburi to Rayong.This route

will through the AmphoeKlaeng before to the AmphoeMuangRayong.Distance112 Km. And

length 1 hour 33 minutes.68

66

http://dsrubberlatex.com/web/home/ 67

http://www.108company.com/rubber-industry/249-shun-thai-rubber-gloves-industry-

public-coltd 68

https://maps.google.co.th/maps?hl=th&ie=UTF8&gl=th&daddr=%E0%B8%88.%E0%B8%

A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87&saddr=%E0%B8%88.%E0%

B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%

A3%E0%B8%B5&panel=1&f=d&fb=1&dirflg=d&geocode=KUNyVOwLdgMxMYEXznkg

Q9jH%3BKSE_wzg4_AIxMYhAJVrvHvvA&ei=73n6UPO6MtHprQfmroGQAQ&ved=0CC

0Q-A8wAA

Page 145: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 5.20 Rubber Figure 5.21 Rubber

Figure 5.22 Rubber Figure 5.23 Rubber

Our company will purchase latex from agriculturist in Chanthaburi province and

neighboring provinces. The price of the purchase and sale of a used tire in the central of the

rubber market because the price is reasonable and the price of rubber in each month is

different.69

69

http://www.rubber.co.th/menu5.php

Page 146: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 6

Page 147: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 6.1 Unit of electricity

Chapter .6 Administration Analysis

6.1 Facility Cost

6.1.1 Electricity

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company have separated the electricity expanse into 2

sections including factory and office. In addition, Rate electricity consumption in each month

is not equally because the seasons of rubber are different in each month.

Reference: http://www.eppo.go.th/power/pw-Rate-PEA-Char.html#6

Office

22 meter pressure in the normal rate1 3.6246 Baht

Estimate use of electricity 450 Units/month

Add (+) Service expense 228.17 Baht

Total electricity expense for office per month 1,859.24 Baht

Page 148: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 6.2 Unit of electricity

Reference: http://www.eppo.go.th/power/pw-Rate-PEA-Char.html#6

Factory

Estimate units in peak TOU (2.6950 x 7000) 18,865.00 Baht

Estimate units in off peak TOU (1.1914 x 1,000) 1,191.40 Baht

Estimate highest demand of use (132.93 x 500) 66,465.00 Baht

Add (+) Service expense 228.17 Baht

Total electricity expense for factory per month 86,749.57 Baht

So, total estimate electricity expense of Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company per

month is 88,608.81Baht, but we will record the transaction at 89,000 Baht that increase or

decrease depending on seasonal of suppliers.

Page 149: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 6.3 Brand

Figure 6.4 Brand

6.1.2 Telephone and Internet

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company use the

internet off 3BB in the company. We are choosing the

internet package download speed up to 13Mb upload

1Mb.We install the telephone package added in the company to use to contact with both

customers.

Internet Expense (Package/Month)70

900 Baht

Estimate Telephone Expense/Month (1.50 Baht/Minute)71

1,500 Baht

Estimate Fax (2 Baht/Time) 200 Baht

Total telephone and internet expense per month 2,600 Baht

6.1.3 Fire Insurance

Our company purchased the fire insurance from

Bangkok insurance. We have to pay 1,290 Baht/Year

included the tax in the insurance class one of each year.72

Total fire insurance 1,290

Baht/Year

70

http://www.3bb.co.th/promotion/promotion_detail.php?id=2017 71

http://www.3bb.co.th/promotion/promotion_detail.php?id=2018 72

http://www.todayinsure.com/?ui=propertyinsurance

Page 150: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Figure 6.5 Brand

6.1.4 Car Insurance

Our company purchased the car insurance from

Thanachart insurance (One lite) .We have to pay 10,000

Baht/Year included the tax in the insurance class one of each

year.73

Total car insurance 10,000 Baht/Year

6.1.5 Estimate Water Expense74

580 Baht/Month

6.1.6 Gasoline Expense75

3,500 Baht/Month

6.1.7 Stationary expense 2,000 Baht/Month

6.2 Team management

Manager (1 position)

Job Description

-Planning and developing the structure of the organization.

-Develop and manage the implementation of the company.

-Find and solve the problem which occurs in the organization.

-Ensure orderly and good maintenance of office environment, including office

space planning.

-Decision Making.

Qualification

-Male/female, age over 35 years old.

-Thai nationality.

-Have high responsibility and leadership skills.

-Good management skills.

-Can handle with the problem Planning and developing the structure of the

organization.

-Find and solve the problem which occurs in the organization.

-Decision Making

73

http://www.cymiz.com/insurances/cat1-one-lite-tnci/

74

http://www.pwa.co.th/service/tariff_rate.html

75

http://www.eppo.go.th/retail_prices.html

Page 151: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Assistant Manager (1 position)

Job Description

-Collaborate with the president and also each department.

-Act for the manager in some task.

-Find and solve the problem which occurs in the organization.

-Decision Making

Qualification

-Male/female, age over 30 years old.

-Thai nationality.

-Have high responsibility and leadership skills.

-Good management skills.

-Can handle with the problem Planning and developing the structure of the

organization.

-The highest authority to staff the employee.

-Find and solve the problem which occurs in the organization.

-Decision making

Human Resource Department (1 position)

Job Description

-Developing the employees in the organization.

-Collaborate with other department to recruiting the employees

Qualification

-Male/female, age over 27 years old.

-Thai nationality.

-Bachelor degree or higher in the field of Business Administration or other related

field.

-Good relationships and understand task in the organization.

-Good Computer skill Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint )

Customer Relation Manager (1 position)

Job Description

-Contact with the supplier and customers.

-Promote the organization such as public relation and communication.

-Collaborate with other department in term of information

Page 152: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Qualification

-Male/female, age over 27 years old.

-Thai nationality.

-Bachelor degree or higher in the field of Business Administration or other related

field.

-Good personality and relationship.

-Good Computer skill Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, and Power Point)

-Good command in English is considered.

-The experiential work is considered.

Customer Relation Assistant (1 position)

Job Description

-Help customer relations manager to contact the task

Qualification

-Male/female, age over 23 years old.

-Thai nationality.

-Bachelor degree or higher in the field of Business Administration or other related

field.

-Good personality and relationship.

-Good Computer skill Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint )

-Good command in English is considered.

-The experiential work is considered.

Sale and Marketing department (2 position)

Job Description

-Contact with the supplier and customers.

-Recommended information rubber and price of rubber and sale of rubber

-Promote the organization such as public relation and communication.

Qualification

-Male/female, age over 25 years old.

-Thai nationality.

-Bachelor degree or higher in the field of Business Administration or other related

field.

-Good personality and relationship.

-Good Computer skill Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint ).

Page 153: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.1 Salary

-Good command in English is considered.

-The experiential work is considered.

Accountant department (4 position)

Job Description

-Handle full set of account.

-Related to the field of accounting.

-Analyzing and planning the money that used in the organization.

-Manage and control the budget of the firm.

-Prepared the accounting statement.

Qualification

-Male/female, age over 25 years old.

-Thai nationality.

-Bachelor degree or higher in the field of Accounting Management or Financial

Management.

-Good Computer skill Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint ).

-Accountable person and cautiousness.

-The experiential work is considered.

6.3 Salary

Description Position Salary (THB) Total(THB)

Manager 1 25,000 25,000

Assistant Manager 1 18,000 18,000

Human Resource Department 1 15,000 15,000

Customer Relation Manager 1 15,000 15,000

Customer Relation Assistant 1 12,000 12,000

Sale and Marketing department 2 13,000 26,000

Accountant department 4 13,000 52,000

Total Salary Expense/Month 24 111,000 163,000

Page 154: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

6.4 Organization Chart

Manager

Assistant Manager

Human

Resource

Department

Customer

Relation

Department

General Staff Sale and

Marketing

department

Customer

Relation

Manager

Customer

Relation

Assistant

Drivers Export

department

Accountant

department

Housekeeper

Security Guard

Page 155: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.2 Administrative expense

Administrative expense

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Administrative expense Year1,2013

Description Base Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Estimate

electricity office

1,859

1,860

1,900

1,900

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,600

2,450

2,330

2,180

2,680

26,910

Estimate

electricity

factory

86,750

86,750

86,750

87,700

87,700

87,980

87,500

87,990

88,000

87,990

86,870

87,850

88,540

1,051,620

Estimate

telephone and

internet

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

32,590

Fire Insurance

1,290

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,290

Car Insurance

10,000

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,000

Estimate water

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

6,960

Estimate

gasoline

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

42,000

Estimate

stationary

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

24,000

Salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

1,956,000

Total

-

271,580

260,330

261,280

261,460

262,410

261,210

262,290

262,450

262,290

261,130

261,710

263,230

3,151,370

Unit: Baht

Page 156: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.3 Administrative expense

Administrative expense Year2,2014

Description Base Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Estimate

electricity office

1,859

1,860

1,880

2,050

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,330

2,380

2,680

27,090

Estimate

electricity

factory

86,750

86,750

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,200

86,960

87,990

88,000

87,990

86,870

86,870

88,540

1,050,320

Estimate

telephone and

internet

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

32,590

Fire Insurance

1,290

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,290

Car Insurance

10,000

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,000

Estimate water

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

6,960

Estimate

gasoline

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

42,000

Estimate

stationary

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

24,000

Salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

1,956,000

Total

-

271,580

260,310

261,230

261,660

262,630

260,670

262,290

262,300

262,290

261,130

260,930

263,230

3,150,250

Unit: Baht

Page 157: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.4 Administrative expense

Administrative expense Year3,2015

Description Base Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Estimate

electricity office

1,859

1,880

1,880

2,050

2,150

2,470

1,980

2,430

2,450

2,450

2,330

2,380

2,680

27,130

Estimate

electricity

factory

86,750

86,750

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,200

86,960

87,990

88,000

87,990

86,870

86,870

88,540

1,050,320

Estimate

telephone and

internet

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,620

2,850

2,650

2,690

2,810

2,760

2,800

2,610

2,930

32,520

Fire Insurance

1,290

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,290

Car Insurance

10,000

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,000

Estimate water

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

6,960

Estimate

gasoline

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

42,000

Estimate

stationary

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

24,000

Salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

1,956,000

Total

-

271,600

260,310

261,230

261,750

262,600

260,670

262,190

262,340

262,280

261,080

260,940

263,230

3,150,220

Unit: Baht

Page 158: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.5 Administrative expense

Administrative expense Year4,2016

Description Base Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Estimate

electricity office

1,859

1,860

1,900

1,900

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,600

2,450

2,330

2,180

2,680

26,910

Estimate

electricity

factory

86,750

86,750

86,750

87,700

87,900

88,100

87,500

87,990

89,350

87,990

86,870

87,850

89,500

1,054,250

Estimate

telephone and

internet

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

32,590

Fire Insurance

1,290

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,290

Car Insurance

10,000

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,000

Estimate water

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

6,960

Estimate

gasoline

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

42,000

Estimate

stationary

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

24,000

Salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

1,956,000

Total

-

271,580

260,330

261,280

261,660

262,530

261,210

262,290

263,800

262,290

261,130

261,710

264,190

3,154,000

Unit: Baht

Page 159: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.6 Administrative expense

Administrative expense Year5,2017

Description Base Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Estimate

electricity office

1,859

1,860

1,880

2,050

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,330

2,380

2,680

27,090

Estimate

electricity

factory

86,750

86,750

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,200

86,960

87,990

88,000

87,990

86,870

86,870

88,540

1,050,320

Estimate

telephone and

internet

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

32,590

Fire Insurance

1,290

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,290

Car Insurance

10,000

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,000

Estimate water

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

6,960

Estimate

gasoline

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

42,000

Estimate

stationary

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

24,000

Salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

1,956,000

Total

-

271,580

260,310

261,230

261,660

262,630

260,670

262,290

262,300

262,290

261,130

260,930

263,230

3,150,250

Unit: Baht

Page 160: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.7 Administrative expense

Administrative expense Year6,2018

Description Base Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Estimate

electricity office

1,859

1,920

1,870

2,050

2,150

2,370

1,980

2,430

2,500

2,450

2,330

2,380

2,680

27,110

Estimate

electricity

factory

86,750

86,940

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,200

86,960

87,990

88,320

88,010

87,990

88,050

88,590

1,053,200

Estimate

telephone and

internet

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,740

2,850

2,680

2,780

2,810

2,770

2,800

2,900

2,930

33,060

Fire Insurance

1,290

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,290

Car Insurance

10,000

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,000

Estimate water

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

6,960

Estimate

gasoline

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

42,000

Estimate

stationary

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

24,000

Salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

1,956,000

Total

-

271,830

260,300

261,230

261,870

262,500

260,700

262,280

262,710

262,310

262,200

262,410

263,280

3,153,620

Unit: Baht

Page 161: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.8 Administrative expense

Administrative expense Year7,2019

Description Base Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Estimate

electricity office

1,859

1,900

1,870

2,050

2,050

2,270

1,980

2,430

2,500

2,380

2,430

2,380

2,680

26,920

Estimate

electricity

factory

86,750

86,940

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,500

86,960

87,990

88,600

88,010

87,990

88,050

88,590

1,053,780

Estimate

telephone and

internet

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,740

2,850

2,680

2,780

2,810

2,770

2,800

2,900

2,930

33,060

Fire Insurance

1,290

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,290

Car Insurance

10,000

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,000

Estimate water

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

6,960

Estimate

gasoline

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

42,000

Estimate

stationary

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

24,000

Salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

1,956,000

Total

-

271,810

260,300

261,230

261,770

262,700

260,700

262,280

262,990

262,240

262,300

262,410

263,280

3,154,010

Unit: Baht

Page 162: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Table 6.9 Administrative expense

Administrative expense Year8,2020

Description Base Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Estimate

electricity office

1,859

1,860

1,900

1,900

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,600

2,450

2,330

2,180

2,680

26,910

Estimate

electricity

factory

86,750

86,750

86,750

87,700

87,900

88,100

87,500

87,990

89,350

87,990

86,870

87,850

89,500

1,054,250

Estimate

telephone and

internet

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

32,590

Fire Insurance

1,290

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,290

Car Insurance

10,000

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,000

Estimate water

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

6,960

Estimate

gasoline

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

42,000

Estimate

stationary

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

24,000

Salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

1,956,000

Total

-

271,580

260,330

261,280

261,660

262,530

261,210

262,290

263,800

262,290

261,130

261,710

264,190

3,154,000

Unit: Baht

Page 163: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

6.5 Conclusions

Now, the rubber is very popular and the income of agriculturist in Chanthaburi.

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company are interested in manufacturing and exporting

natural rubber sheet rubber type RSS3 (Ribbed smoked sheet 3). RSS3 is to be smoked

natural rubber 100% of the iron sheet then through the smoke, 75 to 100 c° with the heat

on through the RSS 3 rubber smoked, then aged for up to 8-12 months, can be

transported long distance by no more mold be processed into rubber STR 20, the rubber

compound and the most preferred type of rubber on the world market.

Our company will purchase latex from agriculturist in Chanthaburi province and

neighboring provinces. The price of the purchase and sale of a used tire in the middle of

the rubber market because the price is reasonable. The Company will purchase latex

directly in order to obtain fresh latex to produce rubber RSS3 (Ribbed smoked sheet 3)

to the best quality for export. Because the price of rubber smoked sheet grade 3 in

agricultural products futures markets is important to the agriculturist and the company

export rubber. Terms of reducing Price Risk in the future of rubber in order to decide on

the operator a valid.

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company invest at Chanthaburi. Our company has

24 staff which is 1 manager, 1 assistant Manager, 1 human resource department, 2 staff

of customer relation department, 2 staff of sale and marketing, 2 staff of export

department, 4 staff of accountant department, 5 staff of general staff, 2 staff of drivers, 1

housekeeper and 3 staff of security guard. For our customer we emphasize to the

employee have higher skill. Ready to cooperation with the product export company and

increase the responsibility to work. The employee has the high effectiveness in the

future.

Page 164: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 7

Page 165: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Financial Statement

There are 3 main statements in the financial analysis including: income

statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.76

Income statement

The income statement presents the results of the entity's operations during a

period of time, such as one year. The simplest equation to describe income is:

Net Income = Revenue - Expenses

Revenue refers to inflows from the delivery or manufacture of a product or from

the rendering of a service. Expenses are outflows incurred to produce revenue.

Income from operations can be separated from other forms of income. In this

case, the income can be described by:

Net Income = Revenue - Expenses + Gains - Losses

Where gains refer to items such as capital gains, and losses refer to capital

losses, losses from natural disasters, etc.

Balance sheet

The balance sheet is based on the following fundamental accounting model:

Assets = Liabilities + Equity

Assets can be classed as either current assets or fixed assets. Current assets are

assets that quickly and easily can be converted into cash, sometimes at a discount to the

purchase price. Current assets include cash, accounts receivable, marketable securities,

notes receivable, inventory, and prepaid assets. Fixed assets include land, buildings, and

equipment.

Liabilities represent the portion of a firm's assets that are owed to creditors.

Liabilities can be classed as short-term liabilities and long-term liabilities. Current

liabilities include accounts payable, notes payable, interest payable, wages payable, and

taxes payable. Long-term liabilities include mortgages payable and bonds payable.

Equity is referred to as owner's equity in a sole proprietorship or a partnership, and

stockholders' equity or shareholders' equity in a corporation. The equity owners of a

business are residual claimants, having a right to what remains only after the creditors

have been paid.

76

http://www.quickmba.com/accounting/fin/statements/

Page 166: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Statement of Cash flows

The statement of cash flows is useful in evaluating a company's ability to pay its

bills. For a given period, the cash flow statement provides the following information:

Sources of cash

Uses of cash

Change in cash balance

The cash flow statement represents an analysis of all of the transactions of the

business, reporting where the firm obtained its cash and what it did with it. It breaks the

sources and uses of cash into the following categories:

Operating activities

Investing activities

Financing activities

The information used to construct the cash flow statement comes from the

beginning and ending balance sheets for the period and from the income statement for

the period.

Payback Period

=

=

=

NPV: Net Present Value

So, we will show the table of income statement, balance sheet, and statement of

cash flows of the Ocean Dome Company for five years following by;

Page 167: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Income Statement

Year2013

Period Starting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sales

Ribbed smoked sheets No.3

9,000,000

-

-

9,000,000

9,000,000

9,000,000

9,000,000

9,000,000

9,000,000

9,000,000

9,000,000

9,000,000

Concentrated latex

7,000,000

-

-

7,000,000

7,000,000

7,000,000

7,000,000

7,000,000

7,000,000

7,000,000

7,000,000

7,000,000

Total Sales

16,000,000

-

-

16,000,000

16,000,000

16,000,000

16,000,000

16,000,000

16,000,000

16,000,000

16,000,000

16,000,000

Expenses

Administration Expense

Employee salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

Stationary expense

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Water expense

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Electricity factory

expense

86,750

86,750

87,700

87,700

87,980

87,500

87,990

88,000

87,990

86,870

87,850

88,540

Electricity office expense

1,860

1,870

2,050

2,050

2,270

1,980

2,430

2,500

2,380

2,430

2,380

2,680

Internet and telephone

expense

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

Car insurance

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

Fire insurance

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marketing expense

343,019

9,130

7,990

327,820

339,640

327,240

333,810

326,600

338,780

326,890

426,620

326,500

Depreciation expense

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

Total Expenses

773,460

428,291

428,281

748,111

760,681

747,311

754,941

747,811

759,861

746,981

847,391

748,591

Income (Loss) Before

Texes

15,226,540

(428,291)

(428,281)

15,251,889

15,239,319

15,252,689

15,245,059

15,252,189

15,240,139

15,253,019

15,152,609

15,251,409

Income Texes (30%)

4,567,962

-

-

4,575,567

4,571,796

4,575,807

4,573,518

4,575,657

4,572,042

4,575,906

4,545,783

4,575,423

Net Income

10,658,578

(428,291)

(428,281)

10,676,322

10,667,523

10,676,882

10,671,541

10,676,532

10,668,097

10,677,113

10,606,826

10,675,986

Unit:Baht

Page 168: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2014

Period Starting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sales

Ribbed smoked sheets No.3

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

30,000,000

Concentrated latex

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

25,500,000

Total Sales

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

55,500,000

Expenses

Administration Expense

Employee salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

Stationary expense

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Water expense

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Electricity factory

expense

86,750

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,200

86,960

87,990

88,000

87,990

86,870

86,870

88,540

Electricity office expense

1,860

1,880

2,050

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,330

2,380

2,680

Internet and telephone

expense

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

Car insurance

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

Fire insurance

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marketing expense

1,133,109

1,119,100

1,117,240

1,117,140

1,129,020

1,117,200

1,123,810

1,116,760

1,128,780

1,116,920

1,216,550

1,116,300

Depreciation expense

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

Total Expenses

1,563,550

1,538,271

1,537,331

1,537,661

1,550,511

1,536,731

1,544,961

1,537,921

1,549,931

1,536,911

1,636,341

1,538,391

Income (Loss) Before

Texes

53,936,450

53,961,729

53,962,669

53,962,339

53,949,489

53,963,269

53,955,039

53,962,079

53,950,069

53,963,089

53,863,659

53,961,609

Income Texes (30%)

16,180,935

16,188,519

16,188,801

16,188,702

16,184,847

16,188,981

16,186,512

16,188,624

16,185,021

16,188,927

16,159,098

16,188,483

Net Income

37,755,515

37,773,210

37,773,868

37,773,637

37,764,642

37,774,288

37,768,527

37,773,455

37,765,048

37,774,162

37,704,561

37,773,126

Unit:Baht

Page 169: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2015

Period Starting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sales

Ribbed smoked sheets No.3

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

38,500,000

Concentrated latex

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

33,250,000

Total Sales

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

71,750,000

Expenses

Administration Expense

Employee salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

Stationary expense

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Water expense

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Electricity factory

expense

86,750

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,200

86,960

87,990

88,000

87,990

86,870

86,870

88,540

Electricity office expense

1,860

1,880

2,050

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,330

2,380

2,680

Internet and telephone

expense

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

Car insurance

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

Fire insurance

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marketing expense

1,458,419

1,444,600

1,442,050

1,442,000

1,453,940

1,441,900

1,448,520

1,441,750

1,453,700

1,441,830

1,541,500

1,441,300

Depreciation expense

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

Total Expenses

1,888,860

1,863,771

1,862,141

1,862,521

1,875,431

1,861,431

1,869,671

1,862,911

1,874,851

1,861,821

1,961,291

1,863,391

Income (Loss) Before

Texes

69,861,140

69,886,229

69,887,859

69,887,479

69,874,569

69,888,569

69,880,329

69,887,089

69,875,149

69,888,179

69,788,709

69,886,609

Income Texes (30%)

20,958,342

20,965,869

20,966,358

20,966,244

20,962,371

20,966,571

20,964,099

20,966,127

20,962,545

20,966,454

20,936,613

20,965,983

Net Income

48,902,798

48,920,360

48,921,501

48,921,235

48,912,198

48,921,998

48,916,230

48,920,962

48,912,604

48,921,725

48,852,096

48,920,626

Unit:Baht

Page 170: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2016

Period Starting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sales

Ribbed smoked sheets No.3

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

46,400,000

Concentrated latex

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

Total Sales

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

86,400,000

Expenses

Administration Expense

Employee salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

Stationary expense

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Water expense

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Electricity factory

expense

86,750

86,750

87,700

87,900

88,100

87,500

87,990

89,350

87,990

86,870

87,850

89,500

Electricity office expense

1,860

1,900

1,900

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,600

2,450

2,330

2,180

2,680

Internet and telephone

expense

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

Car insurance

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Fire insurance

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marketing expense

1,751,539

1,737,600

1,735,100

1,735,040

1,746,800

1,734,920

1,741,520

1,734,600

1,746,520

1,734,700

1,834,420

1,734,200

Depreciation expense

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

Total Expenses

2,180,480

2,155,291

2,153,741

2,154,061

2,166,691

2,153,491

2,161,171

2,155,761

2,166,171

2,153,191

2,253,491

2,155,751

Income (Loss) Before

Texes

84,219,520

84,244,709

84,246,259

84,245,939

84,233,309

84,246,509

84,238,829

84,244,239

84,233,829

84,246,809

84,146,509

84,244,249

Income Texes (30%)

25,265,856

25,273,413

25,273,878

25,273,782

25,269,993

25,273,953

25,271,649

25,273,272

25,270,149

25,274,043

25,243,953

25,273,275

Net Income

58,953,664

58,971,296

58,972,381

58,972,157

58,963,316

58,972,556

58,967,180

58,970,967

58,963,680

58,972,766

58,902,556

58,970,974

Unit:Baht

Page 171: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2017

Period Starting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sales

Ribbed smoked sheets No.3

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

63,000,000

Concentrated latex

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

52,500,000

Total Sales

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

115,500,000

Expenses

Administration Expense

Employee salary 163000 163000 163000 163000 163000 163000 163000 163000 163000 163000 163000 163000

Stationary expense 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000

Water expense

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Electricity factory

expense

86,750

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,200

86,960

87,990

88,000

87,990

86,870

86,870

88,540

Electricity office expense

1,860

1,880

2,050

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,450

2,450

2,330

2,380

2,680

Internet and telephone

expense 2600 2600 2600 2600 2850 2650 2770 2770 2770 2850 2600 2930

Car insurance 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Gasoline expense 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500

Fire insurance 1290 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing expense 2,334,189 2,320,420 2,317,400 2,317,200 2,329,120 2,316,900 2,323,520 2,316,600 2,328,750 2,316,700 2,416,020 2,315,800

Depreciation expense

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

158,861.33

Total Expenses

2,764,630.33 2739591.333 2737491.333 2737721.333 2750611.333 2736431.333 2744671.333 2737761.333 2749901.333 2736691.333 2835811.333 2737891.333

Income (Loss) Before

Texes

112,735,370

112,760,409

112,762,509

112,762,279

112,749,389

112,763,569

112,755,329

112,762,239

112,750,099

112,763,309

112,664,189

112,762,109

Income Texes (30%)

33,820,611

33,828,123

33,828,753

33,828,684

33,824,817

33,829,071

33,826,599

33,828,672

33,825,030

33,828,993

33,799,257

33,828,633

Net Income

78,914,759

78,932,286

78,933,756

78,933,595

78,924,572

78,934,498

78,928,730

78,933,567

78,925,069

78,934,316

78,864,932

78,933,476

Unit:Baht

Page 172: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2018

Period Starting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sales

Ribbed smoked sheets No.3

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

78,600,000

Concentrated latex

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

69,000,000

Total Sales

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

147,600,000

Expenses

Administration Expense

Employee salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

Stationary expense

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Water expense

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Electricity factory

expense

86,940

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,200

86,960

87,990

88,320

88,010

87,990

88,050

88,590

Electricity office expense

1,920

1,870

2,050

2,150

2,370

1,980

2,430

2,500

2,450

2,330

2,380

2,680

Internet and telephone

expense

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,740

2,850

2,680

2,780

2,810

2,770

2,800

2,900

2,930

Car insurance

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

Fire insurance

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marketing expense

2,976,339

2,962,610

2,960,010

2,960,150

2,971,580

2,959,600

2,966,060

2,959,200

2,971,470

2,959,210

3,059,380

2,958,950

Depreciation expense

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

Total Expenses

3,407,030

3,381,771

3,380,101

3,380,881

3,392,941

3,379,161

3,387,201

3,380,771

3,392,641

3,380,271

3,480,651

3,381,091

Income (Loss) Before

Texes

144,192,970

144,218,229

144,219,899

144,219,119

144,207,059

144,220,839

144,212,799

144,219,229

144,207,359

144,219,729

144,119,349

144,218,909

Income Texes (30%)

43,257,891

43,265,469

43,265,970

43,265,736

43,262,118

43,266,252

43,263,840

43,265,769

43,262,208

43,265,919

43,235,805

43,265,673

Net Income

100,935,079

100,952,760

100,953,929

100,953,383

100,944,941

100,954,587

100,948,959

100,953,460

100,945,151

100,953,810

100,883,544

100,953,236

Unit:Baht

Page 173: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2019

Period Starting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sales

Ribbed smoked sheets No.3

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

108,000,000

Concentrated latex

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

95,200,000

Total Sales

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

203,200,000

Expenses

Administration Expense

Employee salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

Stationary expense

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Water expense

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Electricity factory

expense

86,940

86,750

87,500

87,900

88,500

86,960

87,990

88,600

88,010

87,990

88,050

88,590

Electricity office expense

1,900

1,870

2,050

2,050

2,270

1,980

2,430

2,500

2,380

2,430

2,380

2,680

Internet and telephone

expense

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,740

2,850

2,680

2,780

2,810

2,770

2,800

2,900

2,930

Car insurance

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

Fire insurance

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marketing expense

4,088,559

4,074,830

4,072,150

4,072,150

4,083,780

4,071,940

4,078,250

4,071,420

4,083,470

4,071,440

4,171,170

4,070,980

Depreciation expense

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

Total Expenses

4,519,230

4,493,991

4,492,241

4,492,781

4,505,341

4,491,501

4,499,391

4,493,271

4,504,571

4,492,601

4,592,441

4,493,121

Income (Loss) Before

Texes

198,680,770

198,706,009

198,707,759

198,707,219

198,694,659

198,708,499

198,700,609

198,706,729

198,695,429

198,707,399

198,607,559

198,706,879

Income Texes (30%)

59,604,231

59,611,803

59,612,328

59,612,166

59,608,398

59,612,550

59,610,183

59,612,019

59,608,629

59,612,220

59,582,268

59,612,064

Net Income

139,076,539

139,094,206

139,095,431

139,095,053

139,086,261

139,095,949

139,090,426

139,094,710

139,086,800

139,095,179

139,025,291

139,094,815

Unit:Baht

Page 174: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2020

Period Starting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sales

Ribbed smoked sheets No.3

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

139,000,000

Concentrated latex

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

124,000,000

Total Sales

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

263,000,000

Expenses

Administration Expense

Employee salary

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

163,000

Stationary expense

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Water expense

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

Electricity factory

expense

86,750

86,750

87,700

87,900

88,100

87,500

87,990

89,350

87,990

86,870

87,850

89,500

Electricity office expense

1,860

1,900

1,900

2,080

2,500

1,980

2,450

2,600

2,450

2,330

2,180

2,680

Internet and telephone

expense

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,850

2,650

2,770

2,770

2,770

2,850

2,600

2,930

Car insurance

10,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

Fire insurance

1,290

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marketing expense

5,284,489

5,270,880

5,268,270

5,268,210

5,279,880

5,268,030

5,274,350

5,267,640

5,279,560

5,267,530

5,367,220

5,267,110

Depreciation expense

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

158,861

Total Expenses

5,714,930

5,690,071

5,688,411

5,688,731

5,701,271

5,688,101

5,695,501

5,690,301

5,700,711

5,687,521

5,787,791

5,690,161

Income (Loss) Before

Texes

257,285,070

257,309,929

257,311,589

257,311,269

257,298,729

257,311,899

257,304,499

257,309,699

257,299,289

257,312,479

257,212,209

257,309,839

Income Texes (30%)

77,185,521

77,192,979

77,193,477

77,193,381

77,189,619

77,193,570

77,191,350

77,192,910

77,189,787

77,193,744

77,163,663

77,192,952

Net Income

180,099,549

180,116,950

180,118,112

180,117,888

180,109,110

180,118,329

180,113,149

180,116,789

180,109,502

180,118,735

180,048,546

180,116,887

Unit:Baht

Page 175: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Cash Flow

Year2013

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Operations

Sale

16,000,000.00

-

-

16,000,000.00

16,000,000.00

16,000,000.00

16,000,000.00

16,000,000.00

16,000,000.00

16,000,000.00

16,000,000.00

16,000,000.00

Cash paid for

Employee salary

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

Stationary expense

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

Electricity factory expense

86,750.00

86,750.00

87,700.00

87,700.00

87,980.00

87,500.00

87,990.00

88,000.00

87,990.00

86,870.00

87,850.00

88,540.00

Electricity office expense

1,860.00

1,870.00

2,050.00

2,050.00

2,270.00

1,980.00

2,430.00

2,500.00

2,380.00

2,430.00

2,380.00

2,680.00

Water expense

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

Internet and telephone expense

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,850.00

2,650.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,850.00

2,600.00

2,930.00

Car insurance

10,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fire insurance

1,290.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

income tax

4,567,961.90

-

-

4,575,566.60

4,571,795.60

4,575,806.60

4,573,517.60

4,575,656.60

4,572,041.60

4,575,905.60

4,545,782.60

4,575,422.60

Marketing expense

343,019.00

9,130.00

7,990.00

327,820.00

339,640.00

327,240.00

333,810.00

326,600.00

338,780.00

326,890.00

426,620.00

326,500.00

Net Cash Flow From Operations

10,817,439.10

(269,430.00)

(269,420.00)

10,835,183.40

10,826,384.40

10,835,743.40

10,830,402.40

10,835,393.40

10,826,958.40

10,835,974.40

10,765,687.40

10,834,847.40

Investing Activities

Building

10,000,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Land

3,000,000.00

Purchase of vehicle

6,044,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of machine

190,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of equipment

797,680.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Register

314,200.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities

20,345,880.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Financing Activities

Own money

20,000,000.00

Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities

20,000,000.00

Net increase/decrease in cash

(345,880.00)

10,817,439.10

(269,430.00)

(269,420.00)

10,835,183.40

10,826,384.40

10,835,743.40

10,830,402.40

10,835,393.40

10,826,958.40

10,835,974.40

10,765,687.40

10,834,847.40

Page 176: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Cash at Beginning of month

(345,880.00)

10,471,559.10

10,202,129.10

9,932,709.10

20,767,892.50

31,594,276.90

42,430,020.30

53,260,422.70

64,095,816.10

74,922,774.50

85,758,748.90

96,524,436.30

Cash at the end of the month

(345,880.00)

10,471,559.10

10,202,129.10

9,932,709.10

20,767,892.50

31,594,276.90

42,430,020.30

53,260,422.70

64,095,816.10

74,922,774.50

85,758,748.90

96,524,436.30

107,359,283.70

Year2014

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Operations

Sale

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

55,500,000.00

Cash paid for

Employee salary

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

Stationary expense

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

Electricity factory expense

86,750.00

86,750.00

87,500.00

87,900.00

88,200.00

86,960.00

87,990.00

88,000.00

87,990.00

86,870.00

86,870.00

88,540.00

Electricity office expense

1,860.00

1,880.00

2,050.00

2,080.00

2,500.00

1,980.00

2,450.00

2,450.00

2,450.00

2,330.00

2,380.00

2,680.00

Water expense

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

Internet and telephone expense

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,850.00

2,650.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,850.00

2,600.00

2,930.00

Car insurance

10,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fire insurance

1,290.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

income tax

16,180,934.90

16,188,518.60

16,188,800.60

16,188,701.60

16,184,846.60

16,188,980.60

16,186,511.60

16,188,623.60

16,185,020.60

16,188,926.60

16,159,097.60

16,188,482.60

Marketing expense

1,133,109.00

1,119,100.00

1,117,240.00

1,117,140.00

1,129,020.00

1,117,200.00

1,123,810.00

1,116,760.00

1,128,780.00

1,116,920.00

1,216,550.00

1,116,300.00

Net Cash Flow From Operations

37,914,376.10

37,932,071.40

37,932,729.40

37,932,498.40

37,923,503.40

37,933,149.40

37,927,388.40

37,932,316.40

37,923,909.40

37,933,023.40

37,863,422.40

37,931,987.40

Investing Activities

Building

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Land

Purchase of vehicle

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of machine

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of equipment

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Register

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Page 177: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Financing Activities

Own money

Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities

Net increase/decrease in cash

-

37,914,376.10

37,932,071.40

37,932,729.40

37,932,498.40

37,923,503.40

37,933,149.40

37,927,388.40

37,932,316.40

37,923,909.40

37,933,023.40

37,863,422.40

37,931,987.40

Cash at Beginning of month

107,359,283.70

145,273,659.80

183,205,731.20

221,138,460.60

259,070,959.00

296,994,462.40

334,927,611.80

372,855,000.20

410,787,316.60

448,711,226.00

486,644,249.40

524,507,671.80

Cash at the end of the month

-

145,273,659.80

183,205,731.20

221,138,460.60

259,070,959.00

296,994,462.40

334,927,611.80

372,855,000.20

410,787,316.60

448,711,226.00

486,644,249.40

524,507,671.80

562,439,659.20

Year2015

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Operations

Sale

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

71,750,000.00

Cash paid for

Employee salary

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

Stationary expense

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

Electricity factory expense

86,750.00

86,750.00

87,500.00

87,900.00

88,200.00

86,960.00

87,990.00

88,000.00

87,990.00

86,870.00

86,870.00

88,540.00

Electricity office expense

1,880.00

1,880.00

2,050.00

2,150.00

2,470.00

1,980.00

2,430.00

2,450.00

2,450.00

2,330.00

2,380.00

2,680.00

Water expense

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

Internet and telephone expense

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,620.00

2,850.00

2,650.00

2,690.00

2,810.00

2,760.00

2,800.00

2,610.00

2,930.00

Car insurance

10,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fire insurance

1,290.00

1,290.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

income tax

20,958,341.90

20,965,868.60

20,966,357.60

20,966,243.60

20,962,370.60

20,966,570.60

20,964,098.60

20,966,126.60

20,962,544.60

20,966,453.60

20,936,612.60

20,965,982.60

Marketing expense

1,458,419.00

1,444,600.00

1,442,050.00

1,442,000.00

1,453,940.00

1,441,900.00

1,448,520.00

1,441,750.00

1,453,700.00

1,441,830.00

1,541,500.00

1,441,300.00

Net Cash Flow From Operations

49,061,639.10

49,077,931.40

49,080,362.40

49,080,006.40

49,071,089.40

49,080,859.40

49,075,191.40

49,079,783.40

49,071,475.40

49,080,636.40

49,010,947.40

49,079,487.40

Investing Activities

Page 178: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Building

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Land

Purchase of vehicle

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of machine

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of equipment

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Register

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Financing Activities

Own money

Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities

Net increase/decrease in cash

49,061,639.10

49,077,931.40

49,080,362.40

49,080,006.40

49,071,089.40

49,080,859.40

49,075,191.40

49,079,783.40

49,071,475.40

49,080,636.40

49,010,947.40

49,079,487.40

Cash at Beginning of month

562,439,659.20

611,501,298.30

660,579,229.70

709,659,592.10

758,739,598.50

807,810,687.90

856,891,547.30

905,966,738.70

955,046,522.10

1,004,117,997.50

1,053,198,633.90

1,102,209,581.30

Cash at the end of the month

-

611,501,298.30

660,579,229.70

709,659,592.10

758,739,598.50

807,810,687.90

856,891,547.30

905,966,738.70

955,046,522.10

1,004,117,997.50

1,053,198,633.90

1,102,209,581.30

1,151,289,068.70

Year2016

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Operations

Sale

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

86,400,000.00

Cash paid for

Employee salary

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

Stationary expense

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

Electricity factory expense

86,750.00

86,750.00

87,700.00

87,900.00

88,100.00

87,500.00

87,990.00

89,350.00

87,990.00

86,870.00

87,850.00

89,500.00

Electricity office expense

1,860.00

1,900.00

1,900.00

2,080.00

2,500.00

1,980.00

2,450.00

2,600.00

2,450.00

2,330.00

2,180.00

2,680.00

Water expense

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

Internet and telephone expense

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,850.00

2,650.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,850.00

2,600.00

2,930.00

Car insurance

10,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Page 179: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Fire insurance

1,290.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

income tax

25,265,855.90

25,273,412.60

25,273,877.60

25,273,781.60

25,269,992.60

25,273,952.60

25,271,648.60

25,273,271.60

25,270,148.60

25,274,042.60

25,243,952.60

25,273,274.60

Marketing expense

1,751,539.00

1,737,600.00

1,735,100.00

1,735,040.00

1,746,800.00

1,734,920.00

1,741,520.00

1,734,600.00

1,746,520.00

1,734,700.00

1,834,420.00

1,734,200.00

Net Cash Flow From Operations

59,111,025.10

59,128,657.40

59,129,742.40

59,129,518.40

59,120,677.40

59,129,917.40

59,124,541.40

59,128,328.40

59,121,041.40

59,130,127.40

59,059,917.40

59,128,335.40

Investing Activities

Building

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Land

Purchase of vehicle

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of machine

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of equipment

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Register

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Financing Activities

Own money

Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities

Net increase/decrease in cash

59,111,025.10

59,128,657.40

59,129,742.40

59,129,518.40

59,120,677.40

59,129,917.40

59,124,541.40

59,128,328.40

59,121,041.40

59,130,127.40

59,059,917.40

59,128,335.40

Cash at Beginning of month

1,151,289,068.70

1,210,400,093.80

1,269,528,751.20

1,328,658,493.60

1,387,788,012.00

1,446,908,689.40

1,506,038,606.80

1,565,163,148.20

1,624,291,476.60

1,683,412,518.00

1,742,542,645.40

1,801,602,562.80

Cash at the end of the month

1,210,400,093.80

1,269,528,751.20

1,328,658,493.60

1,387,788,012.00

1,446,908,689.40

1,506,038,606.80

1,565,163,148.20

1,624,291,476.60

1,683,412,518.00

1,742,542,645.40

1,801,602,562.80

1,860,730,898.20

Page 180: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2017

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Operations

Sale

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

115,500,000.00

Cash paid for

Employee salary

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

Stationary expense

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

Electricity factory expense

86,750.00

86,750.00

87,500.00

87,900.00

88,200.00

86,960.00

87,990.00

88,000.00

87,990.00

86,870.00

86,870.00

88,540.00

Electricity office expense

1,860.00

1,880.00

2,050.00

2,080.00

2,500.00

1,980.00

2,450.00

2,450.00

2,450.00

2,330.00

2,380.00

2,680.00

Water expense

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

Internet and telephone expense

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,850.00

2,650.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,850.00

2,600.00

2,930.00

Car insurance

10,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fire insurance

1,290.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

income tax

33,820,610.90

33,828,122.60

33,828,752.60

33,828,683.60

33,824,816.60

33,829,070.60

33,826,598.60

33,828,671.60

33,825,029.60

33,828,992.60

33,799,256.60

33,828,632.60

Marketing expense

2,334,189.00

2,320,420.00

2,317,400.00

2,317,200.00

2,329,120.00

2,316,900.00

2,323,520.00

2,316,600.00

2,328,750.00

2,316,700.00

2,416,020.00

2,315,800.00

Net Cash Flow From Operations

79,073,620.10

79,091,147.40

79,092,617.40

79,092,456.40

79,083,433.40

79,093,359.40

79,087,591.40

79,092,428.40

79,083,930.40

79,093,177.40

79,023,793.40

79,092,337.40

Investing Activities

Building

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Land

Purchase of vehicle

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of machine

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of equipment

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Register

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Financing Activities

Own money

Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities

Net increase/decrease in cash

79,073,620.10

79,091,147.40

79,092,617.40

79,092,456.40

79,083,433.40

79,093,359.40

79,087,591.40

79,092,428.40

79,083,930.40

79,093,177.40

79,023,793.40

79,092,337.40

Cash at Beginning of month

1,860,730,898.20

1,939,804,518.30

2,018,895,665.70

2,097,988,283.10

2,177,080,739.50

2,256,164,172.90

2,335,257,532.30

2,414,345,123.70

2,493,437,552.10

2,572,521,482.50

2,651,614,659.90

2,730,638,453.30

Page 181: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Cash at the end of the month

1,939,804,518.30

2,018,895,665.70

2,097,988,283.10

2,177,080,739.50

2,256,164,172.90

2,335,257,532.30

2,414,345,123.70

2,493,437,552.10

2,572,521,482.50

2,651,614,659.90

2,730,638,453.30

2,809,730,790.70

Year2018

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Operations

Sale

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

147,600,000.00

Cash paid for

Employee salary

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

Stationary expense

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

Electricity factory expense

86,750.00

86,750.00

87,500.00

87,900.00

88,200.00

86,960.00

87,990.00

88,000.00

87,990.00

86,870.00

86,870.00

88,540.00

Electricity office expense

1,860.00

1,880.00

2,050.00

2,080.00

2,500.00

1,980.00

2,450.00

2,450.00

2,450.00

2,330.00

2,380.00

2,680.00

Water expense

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

Internet and telephone expense

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,850.00

2,650.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,850.00

2,600.00

2,930.00

Car insurance

10,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fire insurance

1,290.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

income tax

43,257,890.90

43,265,468.60

43,265,969.60

43,265,735.60

43,262,117.60

43,266,251.60

43,263,839.60

43,265,768.60

43,262,207.60

43,265,918.60

43,235,804.60

43,265,672.60

Marketing expense

2,976,339.00

2,962,610.00

2,960,010.00

2,960,150.00

2,971,580.00

2,959,600.00

2,966,060.00

2,959,200.00

2,971,470.00

2,959,210.00

3,059,380.00

2,958,950.00

Net Cash Flow From Operations

101,094,190.10

101,111,611.40

101,112,790.40

101,112,454.40

101,103,672.40

101,113,478.40

101,107,810.40

101,112,731.40

101,104,032.40

101,113,741.40

101,043,885.40

101,112,147.40

Investing Activities

Building

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Land

Purchase of vehicle

6,044,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of machine

190,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of equipment

797,680.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Register

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities

7,031,680.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Page 182: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Financing Activities

Own money

Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities

Net increase/decrease in cash

(7,031,680.00)

101,094,190.10

101,111,611.40

101,112,790.40

101,112,454.40

101,103,672.40

101,113,478.40

101,107,810.40

101,112,731.40

101,104,032.40

101,113,741.40

101,043,885.40

101,112,147.40

Cash at Beginning of month

2,802,699,110.70

2,903,793,300.80

3,004,904,912.20

3,106,017,702.60

3,207,130,157.00

3,308,233,829.40

3,409,347,307.80

3,510,455,118.20

3,611,567,849.60

3,712,671,882.00

3,813,785,623.40

3,914,829,508.80

Cash at the end of the month

(7,031,680.00)

2,903,793,300.80

3,004,904,912.20

3,106,017,702.60

3,207,130,157.00

3,308,233,829.40

3,409,347,307.80

3,510,455,118.20

3,611,567,849.60

3,712,671,882.00

3,813,785,623.40

3,914,829,508.80

4,015,941,656.20

Year2019

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Operations

Sale

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

203,200,000.00

Cash paid for

Employee salary

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

Stationary expense

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

Electricity factory expense

86,940.00

86,750.00

87,500.00

87,900.00

88,500.00

86,960.00

87,990.00

88,600.00

88,010.00

87,990.00

88,050.00

88,590.00

Electricity office expense

1,900.00

1,870.00

2,050.00

2,050.00

2,270.00

1,980.00

2,430.00

2,500.00

2,380.00

2,430.00

2,380.00

2,680.00

Water expense

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

Internet and telephone expense

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,740.00

2,850.00

2,680.00

2,780.00

2,810.00

2,770.00

2,800.00

2,900.00

2,930.00

Car insurance

10,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fire insurance

1,290.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gasoline expense

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

income tax

59,604,230.90

59,611,802.60

59,612,327.60

59,612,165.60

59,608,397.60

59,612,549.60

59,610,182.60

59,612,018.60

59,608,628.60

59,612,219.60

59,582,267.60

59,612,063.60

Marketing expense

4,088,559.00

4,074,830.00

4,072,150.00

4,072,150.00

4,083,780.00

4,071,940.00

4,078,250.00

4,071,420.00

4,083,470.00

4,071,440.00

4,171,170.00

4,070,980.00

Net Cash Flow From Operations

139,235,400.10

139,253,067.40

139,254,292.40

139,253,914.40

139,245,122.40

139,254,810.40

139,249,287.40

139,253,571.40

139,245,661.40

139,254,040.40

139,184,152.40

139,253,676.40

Investing Activities

Building

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Page 183: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Land

Purchase of vehicle

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of machine

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of equipment

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Register

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Financing Activities

Own money

Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities

Net increase/decrease in cash

139,235,400.10

139,253,067.40

139,254,292.40

139,253,914.40

139,245,122.40

139,254,810.40

139,249,287.40

139,253,571.40

139,245,661.40

139,254,040.40

139,184,152.40

139,253,676.40

Cash at Beginning of month

4,015,941,656.20

4,155,177,056.30

4,294,430,123.70

4,433,684,416.10

4,572,938,330.50

4,712,183,452.90

4,851,438,263.30

4,990,687,550.70

5,129,941,122.10

5,269,186,783.50

5,408,440,823.90

5,547,624,976.30

Cash at the end of the month

4,155,177,056.30

4,294,430,123.70

4,433,684,416.10

4,572,938,330.50

4,712,183,452.90

4,851,438,263.30

4,990,687,550.70

5,129,941,122.10

5,269,186,783.50

5,408,440,823.90

5,547,624,976.30

5,686,878,652.70

Year2020

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Operations

Sale

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

263,000,000.00

Cash paid for

Employee salary

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

163,000.00

Stationary expense

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

2,000.00

Electricity factory expense

86,750.00

86,750.00

87,700.00

87,900.00

88,100.00

87,500.00

87,990.00

89,350.00

87,990.00

86,870.00

87,850.00

89,500.00

Electricity office expense

1,860.00

1,900.00

1,900.00

2,080.00

2,500.00

1,980.00

2,450.00

2,600.00

2,450.00

2,330.00

2,180.00

2,680.00

Water expense

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

580.00

Internet and telephone expense

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,600.00

2,850.00

2,650.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,770.00

2,850.00

2,600.00

2,930.00

Car insurance

10,000.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fire insurance

1,290.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Page 184: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Gasoline expense

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

3,500.00

income tax

77,185,520.90

77,192,978.60

77,193,476.60

77,193,380.60

77,189,618.60

77,193,569.60

77,191,349.60

77,192,909.60

77,189,786.60

77,193,743.60

77,163,662.60

77,192,951.60

Marketing expense

5,284,489.00

5,270,880.00

5,268,270.00

5,268,210.00

5,279,880.00

5,268,030.00

5,274,350.00

5,267,640.00

5,279,560.00

5,267,530.00

5,367,220.00

5,267,110.00

Net Cash Flow From Operations

180,258,410.10

180,275,811.40

180,276,973.40

180,276,749.40

180,267,971.40

180,277,190.40

180,272,010.40

180,275,650.40

180,268,363.40

180,277,596.40

180,207,407.40

180,275,748.40

Investing Activities

Building

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Land

Purchase of vehicle

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of machine

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Purchase of equipment

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Register

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Financing Activities

Own money

Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities

Net increase/decrease in cash

180,258,410.10

180,275,811.40

180,276,973.40

180,276,749.40

180,267,971.40

180,277,190.40

180,272,010.40

180,275,650.40

180,268,363.40

180,277,596.40

180,207,407.40

180,275,748.40

Cash at Beginning of month

5,686,878,652.70

5,867,137,062.80

6,047,412,874.20

6,227,689,847.60

6,407,966,597.00

6,588,234,568.40

6,768,511,758.80

6,948,783,769.20

7,129,059,419.60

7,309,327,783.00

7,489,605,379.40

7,669,812,786.80

Cash at the end of the month

5,867,137,062.80

6,047,412,874.20

6,227,689,847.60

6,407,966,597.00

6,588,234,568.40

6,768,511,758.80

6,948,783,769.20

7,129,059,419.60

7,309,327,783.00

7,489,605,379.40

7,669,812,786.80

7,850,088,535.20

Page 185: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2013

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Asset

Current assets

Cash

10,471,559.10

10,202,129.10

9,932,709.10

20,767,892.50

31,594,276.90

42,430,020.30

53,260,422.70

64,095,816.10

74,922,774.50

85,758,748.90

96,524,436.30

107,359,283.70

Total current assets

10,471,559.10

10,202,129.10

9,932,709.10

20,767,892.50

31,594,276.90

42,430,020.30

53,260,422.70

64,095,816.10

74,922,774.50

85,758,748.90

96,524,436.30

107,359,283.70

Fixed assets

Land

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Building

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Vehicle

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

Machine

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

register

314,200.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

Equipment

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

accumulated

depreciation

(158,861.33)

(317,722.67)

(476,584.00)

(635,445.33)

(794,306.67)

(953,168.00)

(1,112,029.33)

(1,270,890.67)

(1,429,752.00)

(1,588,613.33)

(1,747,474.67)

(1,906,336.00)

Total other assets

20,187,018.67

20,027,957.33

19,869,096.00

19,710,234.67

19,551,373.33

19,392,512.00

19,233,650.67

19,074,789.33

18,915,928.00

18,757,066.67

18,598,205.33

18,439,344.00

Total assets

30,658,577.77

30,230,086.43

29,801,805.10

40,478,127.17

51,145,650.23

61,822,532.30

72,494,073.37

83,170,605.43

93,838,702.50

104,515,815.57

115,122,641.63

125,798,627.70

Liability And Equity

Equity

Owner' equity

20,345,880.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

Retain Earning

10,312,697.77

9,884,406.43

9,456,125.10

20,132,447.17

30,799,970.23

41,476,852.30

52,148,393.37

62,824,925.43

73,493,022.50

84,170,135.57

94,776,961.63

105,452,947.70

Total Equity

30,658,577.77

30,230,086.43

29,801,805.10

40,478,127.17

51,145,650.23

61,822,532.30

72,494,073.37

83,170,605.43

93,838,702.50

104,515,815.57

115,122,641.63

125,798,627.70

Total liabilities and

Equity

30,658,577.77

30,230,086.43

29,801,805.10

40,478,127.17

51,145,650.23

61,822,532.30

72,494,073.37

83,170,605.43

93,838,702.50

104,515,815.57

115,122,641.63

125,798,627.70

Page 186: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2014

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Asset

Current assets

Cash

145,273,659.80

183,205,731.20

221,138,460.60

259,070,959.00

296,994,462.40

334,927,611.80

372,855,000.20

410,787,316.60

448,711,226.00

486,644,249.40

524,507,671.80

562,439,659.20

Total current assets

145,273,659.80

183,205,731.20

221,138,460.60

259,070,959.00

296,994,462.40

334,927,611.80

372,855,000.20

410,787,316.60

448,711,226.00

486,644,249.40

524,507,671.80

562,439,659.20

Fixed assets

Land

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Building

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Vehicle

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

Machine

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

register

314,200.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

Equipment

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

accumulated

depreciation

(2,065,197.33)

(2,224,058.67)

(2,382,920.00)

(2,541,781.33)

(2,700,642.67)

(2,859,504.00)

(3,018,365.33)

(3,177,226.67)

(3,336,088.00)

(3,494,949.33)

(3,653,810.67)

(3,812,672.00)

Total other assets

18,280,682.67

18,121,621.33

17,962,760.00

17,803,898.67

17,645,037.33

17,486,176.00

17,327,314.67

17,168,453.33

17,009,592.00

16,850,730.67

16,691,869.33

16,533,008.00

Total assets

163,554,342.47

201,327,352.53

239,101,220.60

276,874,857.67

314,639,499.73

352,413,787.80

390,182,314.87

427,955,769.93

465,720,818.00

503,494,980.07

541,199,541.13

578,972,667.20

Liability And Equity

Equity

Owner' equity

20,345,880.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

Retain Earning

143,208,462.47

180,981,672.53

218,755,540.60

256,529,177.67

294,293,819.73

332,068,107.80

369,836,634.87

407,610,089.93

445,375,138.00

483,149,300.07

520,853,861.13

558,626,987.20

Total Equity

163,554,342.47

201,327,352.53

239,101,220.60

276,874,857.67

314,639,499.73

352,413,787.80

390,182,314.87

427,955,769.93

465,720,818.00

503,494,980.07

541,199,541.13

578,972,667.20

Total liabilities and

Equity

163,554,342.47

201,327,352.53

239,101,220.60

276,874,857.67

314,639,499.73

352,413,787.80

390,182,314.87

427,955,769.93

465,720,818.00

503,494,980.07

541,199,541.13

578,972,667.20

Page 187: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2015

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Asset

Current assets

Cash

611,501,298.30

660,579,229.70

709,659,592.10

758,739,598.50

807,810,687.90

856,891,547.30

905,966,738.70

955,046,522.10

1,004,117,997.50

1,053,198,633.90

1,102,209,581.30

1,151,289,068.70

Total current assets

611,501,298.30

660,579,229.70

709,659,592.10

758,739,598.50

807,810,687.90

856,891,547.30

905,966,738.70

955,046,522.10

1,004,117,997.50

1,053,198,633.90

1,102,209,581.30

1,151,289,068.70

Fixed assets

Land

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Building

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Vehicle

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

Machine

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

register

314,200.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

Equipment

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

accumulated

depreciation

(3,971,533.33)

(4,130,394.67)

(4,289,256.00)

(4,448,117.33)

(4,606,978.67)

(4,765,840.00)

(4,924,701.33)

(5,083,562.67)

(5,242,424.00)

(5,401,285.33)

(5,560,146.67)

(5,719,008.00)

Total other assets

16,374,346.67

16,215,285.33

16,056,424.00

15,897,562.67

15,738,701.33

15,579,840.00

15,420,978.67

15,262,117.33

15,103,256.00

14,944,394.67

14,785,533.33

14,626,672.00

Total assets

627,875,644.97

676,794,515.03

725,716,016.10

774,637,161.17

823,549,389.23

872,471,387.30

921,387,717.37

970,308,639.43

1,019,221,253.50

1,068,143,028.57

1,116,995,114.63

1,165,915,740.70

Liability And Equity

Equity

Owner' equity

20,345,880.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

Retain Earning

607,529,764.97

656,448,835.03

705,370,336.10

754,291,481.17

803,203,709.23

852,125,707.30

901,042,037.37

949,962,959.43

998,875,573.50

1,047,797,348.57

1,096,649,434.63

1,145,570,060.70

Total Equity

627,875,644.97

676,794,515.03

725,716,016.10

774,637,161.17

823,549,389.23

872,471,387.30

921,387,717.37

970,308,639.43

1,019,221,253.50

1,068,143,028.57

1,116,995,114.63

1,165,915,740.70

Total liabilities and

Equity

627,875,644.97

676,794,515.03

725,716,016.10

774,637,161.17

823,549,389.23

872,471,387.30

921,387,717.37

970,308,639.43

1,019,221,253.50

1,068,143,028.57

1,116,995,114.63

1,165,915,740.70

Page 188: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2016

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Asset

Current assets

Cash

1,210,400,093.80

1,269,528,751.20

1,328,658,493.60

1,387,788,012.00

1,446,908,689.40

1,506,038,606.80

1,565,163,148.20

1,624,291,476.60

1,683,412,518.00

1,742,542,645.40

1,801,602,562.80

1,860,730,898.20

Total current assets

1,210,400,093.80

1,269,528,751.20

1,328,658,493.60

1,387,788,012.00

1,446,908,689.40

1,506,038,606.80

1,565,163,148.20

1,624,291,476.60

1,683,412,518.00

1,742,542,645.40

1,801,602,562.80

1,860,730,898.20

Fixed assets

Land

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Building

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Vehicle

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

Machine

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

register

314,200.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

Equipment

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

accumulated

depreciation

(5,722,174.67)

(5,725,341.33)

(5,728,508.00)

(5,731,674.67)

(5,734,841.33)

(5,738,008.00)

(5,741,174.67)

(5,744,341.33)

(5,747,508.00)

(5,750,674.67)

(5,753,841.33)

(5,757,008.00)

Total other assets

14,623,705.33

14,620,338.67

14,617,172.00

14,614,005.33

14,610,838.67

14,607,672.00

14,604,505.33

14,601,338.67

14,598,172.00

14,595,005.33

14,591,838.67

14,588,672.00

Total assets

1,225,023,799.13

1,284,149,089.87

1,343,275,665.60

1,402,402,017.33

1,461,519,528.07

1,520,646,278.80

1,579,767,653.53

1,638,892,815.27

1,698,010,690.00

1,757,137,650.73

1,816,194,401.47

1,875,319,570.20

Liability And Equity

Equity

Owner' equity

20,345,880.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

Retain Earning

1,204,677,919.13

1,263,803,409.87

1,322,929,985.60

1,382,056,337.33

1,441,173,848.07

1,500,300,598.80

1,559,421,973.53

1,618,547,135.27

1,677,665,010.00

1,736,791,970.73

1,795,848,721.47

1,854,973,890.20

Total Equity

1,225,023,799.13

1,284,149,089.87

1,343,275,665.60

1,402,402,017.33

1,461,519,528.07

1,520,646,278.80

1,579,767,653.53

1,638,892,815.27

1,698,010,690.00

1,757,137,650.73

1,816,194,401.47

1,875,319,570.20

Total liabilities and

Equity

1,225,023,799.13

1,284,149,089.87

1,343,275,665.60

1,402,402,017.33

1,461,519,528.07

1,520,646,278.80

1,579,767,653.53

1,638,892,815.27

1,698,010,690.00

1,757,137,650.73

1,816,194,401.47

1,875,319,570.20

Page 189: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2017

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Asset

Current assets

Cash

1,939,804,518.30

2,018,895,665.70

2,097,988,283.10

2,177,080,739.50

2,256,164,172.90

2,335,257,532.30

2,414,345,123.70

2,493,437,552.10

2,572,521,482.50

2,651,614,659.90

2,730,638,453.30

2,809,730,790.70

Total current assets

1,939,804,518.30

2,018,895,665.70

2,097,988,283.10

2,177,080,739.50

2,256,164,172.90

2,335,257,532.30

2,414,345,123.70

2,493,437,552.10

2,572,521,482.50

2,651,614,659.90

2,730,638,453.30

2,809,730,790.70

Fixed assets

Land

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Building

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Vehicle

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

Machine

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

register

314,200.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

Equipment

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

accumulated

depreciation

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

Total other assets

14,588,872.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

Total assets

1,954,393,390.30

2,033,484,337.70

2,112,576,955.10

2,191,669,411.50

2,270,752,844.90

2,349,846,204.30

2,428,933,795.70

2,508,026,224.10

2,587,110,154.50

2,666,203,331.90

2,745,227,125.30

2,824,319,462.70

Liability And Equity

Equity

Owner' equity

20,345,880.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

Retain Earning

1,934,047,510.30

2,013,138,657.70

2,092,231,275.10

2,171,323,731.50

2,250,407,164.90

2,329,500,524.30

2,408,588,115.70

2,487,680,544.10

2,566,764,474.50

2,645,857,651.90

2,724,881,445.30

2,803,973,782.70

Total Equity

1,954,393,390.30

2,033,484,337.70

2,112,576,955.10

2,191,669,411.50

2,270,752,844.90

2,349,846,204.30

2,428,933,795.70

2,508,026,224.10

2,587,110,154.50

2,666,203,331.90

2,745,227,125.30

2,824,319,462.70

Total liabilities and

Equity

1,954,393,390.30

2,033,484,337.70

2,112,576,955.10

2,191,669,411.50

2,270,752,844.90

2,349,846,204.30

2,428,933,795.70

2,508,026,224.10

2,587,110,154.50

2,666,203,331.90

2,745,227,125.30

2,824,319,462.70

Page 190: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2018

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Asset

Current assets

Cash

2,903,793,300.80

3,004,904,912.20

3,106,017,702.60

3,207,130,157.00

3,308,233,829.40

3,409,347,307.80

3,510,455,118.20

3,611,567,849.60

3,712,671,882.00

3,813,785,623.40

3,914,829,508.80

4,015,941,656.20

Total current assets

2,903,793,300.80

3,004,904,912.20

3,106,017,702.60

3,207,130,157.00

3,308,233,829.40

3,409,347,307.80

3,510,455,118.20

3,611,567,849.60

3,712,671,882.00

3,813,785,623.40

3,914,829,508.80

4,015,941,656.20

Fixed assets

Land

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Building

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Vehicle

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

Machine

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

register

314,200.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

Equipment

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

accumulated

depreciation

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

Total other assets

14,588,872.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

Total assets

2,918,382,172.80

3,019,493,584.20

3,120,606,374.60

3,221,718,829.00

3,322,822,501.40

3,423,935,979.80

3,525,043,790.20

3,626,156,521.60

3,727,260,554.00

3,828,374,295.40

3,929,418,180.80

4,030,530,328.20

Liability And Equity

Equity

Owner' equity

20,345,880.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

Retain Earning

2,898,036,292.80

2,999,147,904.20

3,100,260,694.60

3,201,373,149.00

3,302,476,821.40

3,403,590,299.80

3,504,698,110.20

3,605,810,841.60

3,706,914,874.00

3,808,028,615.40

3,909,072,500.80

4,010,184,648.20

Total Equity

2,918,382,172.80

3,019,493,584.20

3,120,606,374.60

3,221,718,829.00

3,322,822,501.40

3,423,935,979.80

3,525,043,790.20

3,626,156,521.60

3,727,260,554.00

3,828,374,295.40

3,929,418,180.80

4,030,530,328.20

Total liabilities and

Equity

2,918,382,172.80

3,019,493,584.20

3,120,606,374.60

3,221,718,829.00

3,322,822,501.40

3,423,935,979.80

3,525,043,790.20

3,626,156,521.60

3,727,260,554.00

3,828,374,295.40

3,929,418,180.80

4,030,530,328.20

Page 191: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2019

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Asset

Current assets

Cash

4,155,177,056.30

4,294,430,123.70

4,433,684,416.10

4,572,938,330.50

4,712,183,452.90

4,851,438,263.30

4,990,687,550.70

5,129,941,122.10

5,269,186,783.50

5,408,440,823.90

5,547,624,976.30

5,686,878,652.70

Total current assets

4,155,177,056.30

4,294,430,123.70

4,433,684,416.10

4,572,938,330.50

4,712,183,452.90

4,851,438,263.30

4,990,687,550.70

5,129,941,122.10

5,269,186,783.50

5,408,440,823.90

5,547,624,976.30

5,686,878,652.70

Fixed assets

Land

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Building

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Vehicle

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

Machine

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

register

314,200.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

Equipment

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

accumulated

depreciation

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

Total other assets

14,588,872.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

Total assets

4,169,765,928.30

4,309,018,795.70

4,448,273,088.10

4,587,527,002.50

4,726,772,124.90

4,866,026,935.30

5,005,276,222.70

5,144,529,794.10

5,283,775,455.50

5,423,029,495.90

5,562,213,648.30

5,701,467,324.70

Liability And Equity

Equity

Owner' equity

20,345,880.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

Retain Earning

4,149,420,048.30

4,288,673,115.70

4,427,927,408.10

4,567,181,322.50

4,706,426,444.90

4,845,681,255.30

4,984,930,542.70

5,124,184,114.10

5,263,429,775.50

5,402,683,815.90

5,541,867,968.30

5,681,121,644.70

Total Equity

4,169,765,928.30

4,309,018,795.70

4,448,273,088.10

4,587,527,002.50

4,726,772,124.90

4,866,026,935.30

5,005,276,222.70

5,144,529,794.10

5,283,775,455.50

5,423,029,495.90

5,562,213,648.30

5,701,467,324.70

Total liabilities and

Equity

4,169,765,928.30

4,309,018,795.70

4,448,273,088.10

4,587,527,002.50

4,726,772,124.90

4,866,026,935.30

5,005,276,222.70

5,144,529,794.10

5,283,775,455.50

5,423,029,495.90

5,562,213,648.30

5,701,467,324.70

Page 192: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Year2020

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Asset

Current assets

Cash

5,867,137,062.80

6,047,412,874.20

6,227,689,847.60

6,407,966,597.00

6,588,234,568.40

6,768,511,758.80

6,948,783,769.20

7,129,059,419.60

7,309,327,783.00

7,489,605,379.40

7,669,812,786.80

7,850,088,535.20

Total current assets

5,867,137,062.80

6,047,412,874.20

6,227,689,847.60

6,407,966,597.00

6,588,234,568.40

6,768,511,758.80

6,948,783,769.20

7,129,059,419.60

7,309,327,783.00

7,489,605,379.40

7,669,812,786.80

7,850,088,535.20

Fixed assets

Land

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

3,000,000.00

Building

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

Vehicle

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

6,044,000.00

Machine

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

190,000.00

register

314,200.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

314,000.00

Equipment

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

797,680.00

accumulated

depreciation

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

(5,757,008.00)

Total other assets

14,588,872.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

14,588,672.00

Total assets

5,881,725,934.80

6,062,001,546.20

6,242,278,519.60

6,422,555,269.00

6,602,823,240.40

6,783,100,430.80

6,963,372,441.20

7,143,648,091.60

7,323,916,455.00

7,504,194,051.40

7,684,401,458.80

7,864,677,207.20

Liability And Equity

Equity

Owner' equity

20,345,880.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

20,345,680.00

Retain Earning

5,861,380,054.80

6,041,655,866.20

6,221,932,839.60

6,402,209,589.00

6,582,477,560.40

6,762,754,750.80

6,943,026,761.20

7,123,302,411.60

7,303,570,775.00

7,483,848,371.40

7,664,055,778.80

7,844,331,527.20

Total Equity

5,881,725,934.80

6,062,001,546.20

6,242,278,519.60

6,422,555,269.00

6,602,823,240.40

6,783,100,430.80

6,963,372,441.20

7,143,648,091.60

7,323,916,455.00

7,504,194,051.40

7,684,401,458.80

7,864,677,207.20

Total liabilities and

Equity

5,881,725,934.80

6,062,001,546.20

6,242,278,519.60

6,422,555,269.00

6,602,823,240.40

6,783,100,430.80

6,963,372,441.20

7,143,648,091.60

7,323,916,455.00

7,504,194,051.40

7,684,401,458.80

7,864,677,207.20

Page 193: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 8

Page 194: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 8 Risk Management

For risk, it means the opportunity of Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company will be excellent

with the problem expected to occur in the future. Operating is losses or cannot perform a successful

plan or target. The implementation of all activities will be faced with the risk 2 types. First, risk is the

certainty risk that is caused by factors within the company. It will occur at the level of rubber to face

certainly and do not avoid. These risks can happen from the first phase of operations and currently

operating. Second, risk is uncertainty risk 2 or the risks happen to external factors. Rubber cannot be

predicted and beyond the control but can prevent or eliminate the risks incurred. The company has

identified risks that may occur as follows.

8.1 External Risk

8.1.1 Politic

The government of Thailand is very supported agriculture because it is one of the the main

income. Especially rubber. But if business rubber will open will need to accept inspection by law from

government. Which we will be affected if the occurrence of conflicts such as rubber prices

demonstrating the problem. Rising oil prices. The tax will be charged. These problems have been

affected enable the company and may have a decreased the export of rubber. Government policies

cannot satisfy the needs of all groups concerned with the proper and timely. If the company does not

advance planning will make production or transportation may lead to failure as well. Companies need to

be well planned and thoughtful, Check income every month. Preparation or will need spare and

researching new things to deal with state changes.

8.1.3 Economic

Economic indicators to forecast the economy, such as income, GDP, standard of living and the

rate of growth of the business. May be at risk for new and small businesses, and may pose a risk to our

business. Especially agriculture. The company will have an effect on the price of natural

rubber.Because Our company we purchase and export it. Use rates of the Central Market. We will use

price as an indicator of the market. If the market price of rubber would decrease or increase the impact

to the company directly, as if rubber prices fall.Companies will have lower money. And can not control

or guessing the production or export of rubber. Therefore, the risk management organization is faced

with a changing of economic.

8.1.2 Social

Our company has a need to build a factory and warehouse. For the production of rubber and

rubber sheets. Social and community risk may be affected directly from our factory, such as smell ,

noise pollution, water pollution, solid waste.Cause trouble or danger to the public. May not be accepted

in this society. To avoid the risk with this is that the factory has been certified or licensed by the

Ministry of Industry. And must be controlled or closely monitored by industry standards. Our company

and employees help maintain control. Do not let society or community has been affected by pollution in

the factory.

Page 195: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

8.1.4 Technology

Modern technology is an important to the process. Companies use in the development,

production and service.Support the operation. Communicate To make a successful business, well

done.In the factory need to have modern technology and are of international standards.Therefore, the

risk of technology is to train employees to be knowledge the new technology. The purchase new

machines may be made in the Company's cost quite a lot.The company has greater development.

Productivity and quality get the standard.They make business successful. Generates revenue and more

profits.

8.2 Internal Risk

8.2.1 Employee

The company will be to succeed.Dependent employees who have the knowledge and ability to

work. May have to change the environment or work harder and make always stress to the pressure. This

sometimes makes it vulnerable to physical health and mental health and the performance of the

employees.Therefore, managers should pay attention to the details of the employees.Have activities to

bring fun and function together in harmony.Attention for all employees.

8.2.2 Safety and Health

The company is a business about the rubber. In the production process. May sends smell of

mixture pollution of rubber, adversely affect the environment and machinery in the factory may pose a

hazard to employees.Therefore, we should maintain the equipment regularly. Check the availability

every time before use and after use. Have training to use it properly and the training to use it properly to

manufacture process for the employees. Health and safety of employees.

8.2.3 Operational

Rubber in the production process is a complicated process, and in every step of manufacturing

so considering the quality. The products are of good quality and meet the demands of the market. At

each step, there is a risk that the non-standard products. If this risk happens, businesses will lose

revenue and profit. Therefore, Our company focuses on these risks in order to process all under the

control of specialists to ensure that the product is in good quality and standard.

8.3 General Risk

8.3.1 Risk from fire

Page 196: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Because of characteristic of rubber plant is easy to burn up so, to be on fire of industry is the

main risk. The solution, Install fire safety devices and fire extinguishers around the factory. Fire

insurance. When the fire situation has happened, the insurance will pay back for any losing property.

8.3.2 Financial Risk

Page 197: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

8.4 Conclusion

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company is likely that there is always a risk. May be affect the

company's revenue. The business not successful is based the plan.

Social risks in the company's affect the lifestyle of people in the community, although the

smell pollution of water. Risks in technology will may occur because we have new technology. It has

many competitors. Because the technology is very much essential to business. The political risk. If the

business does not pass from the law, or legal standards. The company will be temporarily closed for

upgrade and manage. To produce is reduced, resulting in loss of revenue. And economic problems. The

purchase of new equipment for the rubber industry. Market demand reduction and lower the cost of

rubber. We will focus on financial risk. In addition, we will focus on the implementation of risk

management internally. Because there the complexity of the production process and requirements,

every step is sensitive. Risk in general, we have to consider the logistics, fire, theft, employee error.

And we have for the protection the safety of our assets and provide importance of our employees. We

should also require the development and learn in order to cope with the risks to the company.

Page 198: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Chapter 9

Page 199: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Summary Introduction (Chapter 1)

Rubber and latex are important products of Thailand. It does can make a good of profit and

income of the business. Our factory is located at 8 moo 7. Tambol Khunsong, Khaenghangmaew,

Chanthaburi province. We were chosen this kind of business to become our project because it can make

a good profit and more income for our company. Our company it would be remarkable success over the

years and can be attributed to our long experiences. Our most important asset is our workforce. In our

organization consists with a good professional and well trained stuff.

Summary Industry Profile (Chapter 2)

As we knew that rubber was known to the indigenous people of the Americas long before the

arrival of European explorers. The first scientist study of rubber was undertaken by Charles de la

Condamine, when he encountered it during his trip to Peru in 1735. The first use of rubber was an

eraser. It was Magellan, a descendent of the famous Portuguese navigator, who suggested this use. In

England, Priestley popularized it to the extent that it became known as India rubber.

Rubber was came in Thailand for the first time when Phraya Ratsadanupradit Mahison Phakdi

visited in Malaysia and he was interested to take rubber trees plant in Thailand, but at that time the

owner of rubber plantations did not want to give him the rubber breed and in 1901 Phra Sathon

Sathaphitak, he was visited Indonesia and he could bring rubber seeding which their roots were

wrapped by moistened cotton and wrapped again with the newspaper before containing into rain tree

wooden boxes and it was 4 boxes of rubber seeding and grew it about 45 plantations. So Praya

Ratsadanupradit Mahison Phakdi was praised to be the “Father of Rubber”.

About the rubber in Chanthaburi it was popular in 1908, Poom Poonnasri we was taken

rubber trees to growth in Chanthaburi and it was growth up as well, and then after that he was flexible

to growth it in other provinces of Eastern part of Thailand such as Rayong and Trad, after that rabber

was became to an important economic product of Eastern part of Thailand. After that has many people

tried to take rubber trees to growth in other parts of Thailand such as on the North-Eastern and the

North of Thailand but it was not successful to do it like in Eastern and South of Thailand.

Page 200: Section01 Seat 14,Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company

Summary Market Feasibility Study (Chapter3)

Rubber is industrial drop and exports are an important of Thailand. Rubbers make money and

create career that people have income. In Chanthaburi we have only company that is will be our

company, so our company will not have more competitors, but in Thailand have many company that

trading about the rubber. We can attract other customer that near our company. Target market of Ton-

Yang Rubber and Latex Company are D.S RUBBER AND LATEX Co.,Ltd and SHUN THAI

RUBBER GLOVES INDUSTRY PUBLIC CO.,LTD. Promotion of Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex

Company we have be advertising variety of media such as Signboard, Internet and Leaflet, Souvenir,

Radio and Agriculture Fair. Sales Forecast and Profit Estimation are estimation sales in future.

Marketing Expenses was necessary expenses in the market for advertising to ensure that the distribution

of latex in good company.

Summary Investment Cost (Chapter 4)

About investment cost of our company, we just invest it at the beginning of business. At the first

year of business we just do a small business and for the 3rd

year we will enlarge it, make it bigger, and

make it better. About the materials and equipments in our factory we just invest with it by the first

year. Then we can use it about 5 – 6 years to get broken.

Summary Production and Operating Analysis (Chapter5)

Summary Administration analysis (Chapter 6)

Now, the rubber is very popular and the income of agriculturist in Chanthaburi. Ton-Yang

Rubber and Latex Company are interested in manufacturing and exporting natural rubber sheet rubber

type RSS3 (Ribbed smoked sheet 3). RSS3 is to be smoked natural rubber 100% of the iron sheet then

through the smoke, 75 to 100 c° with the heat on through the RSS 3 rubber smoked, then aged for up to

8-12 months, can be transported long distance by no more mold be processed into rubber STR 20, the

rubber compound and the most preferred type of rubber on the world market.

Our company will purchase latex from agriculturist in Chanthaburi province and neighboring

provinces. The price of the purchase and sale of a used tire in the middle of the rubber market because

the price is reasonable. The Company will purchase latex directly in order to obtain fresh latex to

produce rubber RSS3 (Ribbed smoked sheet 3) to the best quality for export. Because the price of

rubber smoked sheet grade 3 in agricultural products futures markets is important to the agriculturist

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and the company export rubber. Terms of reducing Price Risk in the future of rubber in order to decide

on the operator a valid.

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company invest at Chanthaburi. Our company has 24 staff which

is 1 manager, 1 assistant Manager, 1 human resource department, 2 staff of customer relation

department, 2 staff of sale and marketing, 2 staff of export department, 4 staff of accountant

department, 5 staff of general staff, 2 staff of drivers, 1 housekeeper and 3 staff of security guard. For

our customer we emphasize to the employee have higher skill. Ready to cooperation with the product

export company and increase the responsibility to work. The employee has the high effectiveness in the

future.

Summary Financial Analysis (Chapter 7)

Summary Risk Management (Chapter 8)

Ton-Yang Rubber and Latex Company is likely that there is always a risk. May be affect the

company's revenue. The business not successful is based the plan.

Social risks in the company's affect the lifestyle of people in the community, although the

smell pollution of water. Risks in technology will may occur because we have new technology. It has

many competitors. Because the technology is very much essential to business. The political risk. If the

business does not pass from the law, or legal standards. The company will be temporarily closed for

upgrade and manage. To produce is reduced, resulting in loss of revenue. And economic problems. The

purchase of new equipment for the rubber industry. Market demand reduction and lower the cost of

rubber. We will focus on financial risk. In addition, we will focus on the implementation of risk

management internally. Because there the complexity of the production process and requirements,

every step is sensitive. Risk in general, we have to consider the logistics, fire, theft, employee error.

And we have for the protection the safety of our assets and provide importance of our employees. We

should also require the development and learn in order to cope with the risks to the company.

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Appendix

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Member Group

1. Mr.Nattapat Trinit ID: 5031207009

Tel: 085-0909974

E-Mail: [email protected]

2. Miss Tralinee Boonmapood ID: 5031207010

Tel: 083-2007928

E-Mail: [email protected]

3. Miss Warangrat Chutikachusanapong ID: 5231205126

Tel: 081-3985091

E-Mail: [email protected]

4. Miss Lalita Sentard ID: 5231205191

Tel: 085-7053297

E-Mail: [email protected]

5. Miss Wanalee Dejkhakew ID: 5331203104

Tel: 082-3273643

E-Mail: [email protected]

6. Mr.Watchara Pornsivakul ID: 5331203109

Tel: 083-5708688

E-Mail: [email protected]

7. Mr.Pacharakorn Kanin ID: 5431203051

Tel: 084-8121126

E-Mail: [email protected]

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