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VOCABULARY: Oral history griots proverbs kente
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Section 4 Historical and Artistic Traditions - Page 396 -
399
CHAPTER EARLY AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS Section 4 Historical and
Artistic Traditions - Page VOCABULARY: Oral history griots proverbs
kente BIG IDEA Although the people of West Africa did not have a
written language, their culture has been passed down through oral
history, writings by other people, and the arts. Geography,
resources, culture, and trade influenced the growth of societies in
West Africa. PRESERVING HISTORY MAINIDEA West Africans have
preserved their history through story telling and the written
accounts of visitors. Geography, resources, culture, and trade
influenced the growth of societies in West Africa. West Africans
have preserved their history through story telling and the written
accounts of visitors. Writing was never very common in West Africa.
In fact, none of the major early civilizations of West Africa
developed a written language. Arabic was the only written language
they used. The lack of a native written language does not mean that
the people of West Africa didnt know their history, though.They
passed along information through oral histories. A spoken record of
past events ORAL HISTORY The task of remembering and telling West
Africans history was entrusted to storytellers. THE GRIOTS The
storytellers of early West Africa were called a griot.
They were highly respected in their communities because the people
of West Africa were very interested in the deeds of their
ancestors. Griots helped keep this history alive for each new
generation. Griots stories were both entertaining and
informative
Griots stories were both entertaining and informative.They told of
important past events and of the accomplishments of distant
ancestors. EX: some stories explained the rise and fall of West
African empires
EX: some stories explained the rise and fall of West African
empires.Other stories describe the actions of powerful kings and
warriors.Some Griots made their stories more lively by acting out
the events like scenes in a play. - You must judge a man by the
work of his hands.
In addition to stories, the griots recited PROVERBS short sayings
of wisdom or truth.They used proverbs to teach lessons to the
people. To stay a long time in the water does not make you clean.
Do not look where you fell, but where you slipped You must judge a
man by the work of his hands. EX:Talking doesnt fill the basket in
the farm people must work to accomplish things.It is not enough for
people just to talk about what they want to do. In order to tell
their stories and proverbs, the griots memorized hundreds of names
and events.Through this memorization process, the griots passed on
West African history from generation to generation. However, some
griots confused names and event in their heads
However, some griots confused names and event in their heads.When
this happened, the facts of some historical events became
distorted. Some griots stories tell us a great deal about life in
the West African empires. WEST AFRICAN EPICS Some of the griot
poems are epics long poems about kingdoms and heroes. Many of these
epic poems are collected in the Dausi and
the Sundiata. The Dausi tell the history of Ghana.
Intertwined with historical events, though, are myths and legends.
One story is about a seven-headed snake god named Bida
One story is about a seven-headed snake god named Bida.This god
promised that Ghana would prosper if the people sacrificed a young
woman to him every year. One year a mighty warrior killed Bida. As
the god died, he cursed Ghana. The griots say that this curse
caused the empire of Ghana to fall. Sundiata, another of the epic
poems, is about Malis great Ruler
Sundiata, another of the epic poems, is about Malis great
Ruler.According to the epic, when Sundiata was still a boy, a
conqueror captured Mali and killed Sundiatas father and 11
brothers. He didnt kill Sundiata, however, because the boy was sick
and didnt seem like a threat. However, when Sundiata grew up, he
became an expert warrior
However, when Sundiata grew up, he became an expert
warrior.Eventually, he over threw the conqueror and became king.
VISITORS WRITTEN ACCOUNTS In addition to the oral histories told
about West Africa, visitors wrote about the region. In fact, much
of what we know about early West Africa comes from the writings of
travelers and scholars from Muslim lands such as Spain and Arabia.
Ibn Battutah was the most famous Muslim visitor to write about West
Africa. From 1353 1354, he traveled through the region.
Ibn Battutahs account of this journey describes the political and
cultural lives of West Africans in great detail. Why were oral
traditions important in West Africa
Why were oral traditions important in West Africa?(DRAWING
CONCLUSIONS) Can you also answer these questions?
.a. What is oral history? (DEFINE) b.Why were griots and their
stories important in West African society? (MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS) c.
Why may an oral history provide different information than a
written account of the same event? (EVALUATE) What are proverbs,
and what are they intended to do? (RECALL) Name two West African
epic poems and the subject of each? (IDENTIFY) Why do you think
griots were so valued in West African society? (MAKE JUDGMENTS) How
do you know the history of early West Africa if the people of West
Africa left no written histories? (EXPLAIN) What is included in Ibn
Battutahs account of his journey to West Africa? (IDENTIFY) A.What
is oral history? (DEFINE) 1.a. What is oral history? (DEFINE) b.Why
were griots and their stories important in West African society?
(MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS) c. Why may an oral history provide different
information than a written account of the same event? (EVALUATE)
What are proverbs, and what are they intended to do? (RECALL) Name
two West African epic poems and the subject of each? (IDENTIFY) Why
do you think griots were so valued in West African society? (MAKE
JUDGMENTS) How do you know the history of early West Africa if the
people of West Africa left no written histories? (EXPLAIN) What is
included in Ibn Battutahs account of his journey to West Africa?
(IDENTIFY) Can you also answer these questions? A.What is oral
history? (DEFINE) Why were griots and their stories important in
West African society? (MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS) Why may an oral history
provide different information than a written account of the same
event? (EVALUATE) What are proverbs, and what are they intended to
do? (RECALL) Name two West African epic poems and the subject of
each? (IDENTIFY) Can you also answer these questions?
.a. What is oral history? (DEFINE) b.Why were griots and their
stories important in West African society? (MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS) c.
Why may an oral history provide different information than a
written account of the same event? (EVALUATE) What are proverbs,
and what are they intended to do? (RECALL) Name two West African
epic poems and the subject of each? (IDENTIFY) Why do you think
griots were so valued in West African society? (MAKE JUDGMENTS) How
do you know the history of early West Africa if the people of West
Africa left no written histories? (EXPLAIN) What is included in Ibn
Battutahs account of his journey to West Africa? (IDENTIFY) A.What
is oral history? (DEFINE) 1.a. What is oral history? (DEFINE) b.Why
were griots and their stories important in West African society?
(MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS) c. Why may an oral history provide different
information than a written account of the same event? (EVALUATE)
What are proverbs, and what are they intended to do? (RECALL) Name
two West African epic poems and the subject of each? (IDENTIFY) Why
do you think griots were so valued in West African society? (MAKE
JUDGMENTS) How do you know the history of early West Africa if the
people of West Africa left no written histories? (EXPLAIN) What is
included in Ibn Battutahs account of his journey to West Africa?
(IDENTIFY) Can you also answer these questions? Why do you think
griots were so valued in West African society? (MAKE JUDGMENTS) How
do you know the history of early West Africa if the people of West
Africa left no written histories? (EXPLAIN) What is included in Ibn
Battutahs account of his journey to West Africa? (IDENTIFY) ART,
MUSIC, and DANCE MAINIDEA Through art, music, and dance, West
African have expressed their creativity and kept alive their
cultural traditions. Geography, resources, culture, and trade
influenced the growth of societies in West Africa. Like most
peoples, West African valued the arts
Like most peoples, West African valued the arts.They expressed
themselves creatively through sculpture, mask-making, cloth making,
music, and dance. SCULPTURE Of all the visual art forms, the
sculpture of West Africa is probably the best known.West African
made ornate statues and carving out of wood, brass, clay, ivory,
stone, and other materials. Most statues from West Africa are of
people often the sculptors ancestors. Usually these statues were
made for religious rituals - to ask for the ancestors blessings.
Sculptors made other statues as gifts for the gods. These
sculptures were kept in holy places
These sculptures were kept in holy places. They were never meant to
be seen by people. People thought artists had been blessed by the
gods.
Because their statues were used in religious rituals, many African
artists were deeply respected. People thought artists had been
blessed by the gods. Long after the decline of Ghana, Mali, and
Songhai, West African art is still admired.Museums around the world
display African art In addition, African sculpture inspired some
European artists of the 1900s including Henri Matisse and Pablo
Picasso. MASKS AND CLOTHING In addition to statues, the artists of
West Africa carved elaborate masks. Made of wood, these masks bore
the faces of animals such as hyenas, lions, monkeys, and
antelopes.Artists often painted the masks after carving them.
People wore the masks during rituals as they danced around
fires.
The way firelight reflected off the masks made them look fierce and
lifelike. Many African societies were famous for the clothe they
wove
Many African societies were famous for the clothe they wove.The
most famous of these clothes is called kente (ken-TAY). KENTE A
hand-woven, brightly colored West African fabric.The cloth was
woven in narrow strips that were then sewn together.Kings and
queens in West Africa wore garments made of kente for special
occasions. MUSIC AND DANCE In many West African societies, music
and dance were as important as the visual arts. Singing, drumming,
and dancing were great entertainment, but they also
helped people honor their history and mark special occasions For
example, music was played when a ruler entered a room. Dance has
long been a central part of African society
Dance has long been a central part of African society.Many West
African cultures used dance to celebrate specific events or
ceremonies. For example, they may have performed one
dance for weddings and another for funerals In some parts of West
Africa, people still perform dances similar to those performed
hundreds of years ago. How traditions were preserved in West
Africa?
(COMPARING) Can you also answer these questions?
What were two forms of visual art popular in West Africa?
(IDENTIFY) B.Why do you think that the sculptures made as gifts for
the gods were not meant to be seen by people? (MAKE INFERENCES)
C.What role did music and dance play in West African society?
(ELABORATE) What is the best known visual art form of West African?
(IDENTIFY) How were masks used in West African culture? (RECALL)
Why were singing and dancing so important in West Africa? (ANALYZE)
How were historical and artistic traditions preserved in West
Africa?
Summarize How were historical and artistic traditionspreserved in
West Africa? Content for this presentation was gotten from:
"Early African Civilizations." World History. : Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company, Print. BIG IDEA *MAIN IDEA Who were
the Songhai?
Between 1000 and 1500, three great kingdoms Mali, Songhai, and
Great Zimbabwe developed in Africa. Part I *MAIN IDEA Who were the
Songhai? The Songhai were a new Islamic empire in West Africa. They
conquered many of the lands that were once part of Mali.Had the
same trade routes/ partners as Ghana and Mali Who was Sunni Ali?
Ruler of the Songhai worked to unify, strengthen, grow his empire
by having everybody work together. He participated in both Muslim
and local religions to bring stability to the Songhai. What
religion was Sunni Ali and why? What happened when Sunni Ali died
and why? His son, Sunni Baru, wasnt a Muslim, the people of Songhai
were worried about losing trade partners and rebelled. BIG IDEA
Between 1000 and 1500, three great kingdoms Mali, Songhai, and
Great Zimbabwe developed in Africa. Part II Leader of the rebellion
against Sunni Baru,chose the title ASKIA, a title of high military
rank being known as ASKIA the Great.Supported education (University
of Sankore and city of Djenne) What was Muhammad Ture know as and
for? What was happening toreligion at this period of history? Most
traders were Muslim, as trade grew so did the religion of Islam.
Askia was a devote Muslim, which influenced growth of Islam.Made
laws similar to other Muslim nations. He set up five provinces.He
removed local leaders and appointed governors loyal to him. Created
a professional army and specialized departments for specific tasks.
What other things did Askia do to maintain order? BIG IDEA Between
1000 and 1500, three great kingdoms Mali, Songhai, and Great
Zimbabwe developed in Africa. Part III Who wanted to gain control
of the salt mines? Morocco a rival from the North What year did
they begin heading to Songhai toinvade? 1591 An early form of a
gun. With the use of this technology, the Moroccanswere superior to
the Songhai ,who only had theirswords, spears, and bows. What is an
arquebus? What advantage did it offer? What brought about the
downfall of the Songhai? Destruction of Timbuktu and Gao.Changing
trade pattern routes away from land and to port cities. Preference
to trading at ports versus with Muslim traders.