Section 4-4 & 4-6Section 4-4 & 4-6“Cellular “Cellular

Respiration / Respiration / FermentationFermentation””

Write everything that isWrite everything that is BLACKBLACK

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

4.4 KEY CONCEPT4.4 KEY CONCEPTThe overall process of The overall process of cellular respirationcellular respiration converts converts sugarsugar into into ATPATP using oxygen using oxygen

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

mitochondrion

animal cell

Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars.down sugars.

• Cellular respirationCellular respiration is aerobic (requires is aerobic (requires oxygen)oxygen)

• It happens in the mitochondriaIt happens in the mitochondria

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

• GlycolysisGlycolysis must take place first. must take place first.– anaerobicanaerobic process (does not require oxygen) process (does not require oxygen)– takes place in cytoplasmtakes place in cytoplasm– splits glucose into two three-carbon splits glucose into two three-carbon

moleculesmolecules– produces two ATP moleculesproduces two ATP molecules

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis.photosynthesis.

• The Krebs cycleThe Krebs cycle transfers energy to an transfers energy to an electron transport chain.electron transport chain.– takes place intakes place in

mitochondrial matrixmitochondrial matrix– breaks down three-carbonbreaks down three-carbon

molecules from glycolysismolecules from glycolysis– makes a small amount makes a small amount

of ATPof ATP

– releases carbon dioxidereleases carbon dioxide– transfers energy-carrying transfers energy-carrying

moleculesmolecules

6H O2

6CO 2

6O 2

mitochondrionmitochondrion

matrix (area enclosedby inner membrane)

inner membrane

ATP

ATP

energy

energy from glycolysis

1

2

4

3

and

and

and

Krebs Cycle

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

6H O2

6CO 2

6O 2

mitochondrionmitochondrion

matrix (area enclosedby inner membrane)

inner membrane

ATP

ATP

energy

energy from glycolysis

1

2

4

3

and

and

and

• The The electron transport chainelectron transport chain produces a produces a large amount of ATP.large amount of ATP.– takes place in inner takes place in inner

membranemembrane– energy transferred to energy transferred to

electron transport electron transport chainchain

– oxygen enters processoxygen enters process– ATP producedATP produced

–water released as water released as a waste producta waste product

Electron Transport

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

• The equation for cellular respiration:The equation for cellular respiration:

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O2 2 6CO 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22OO

• The reactants in photosynthesis are the same The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration.as the products of cellular respiration.

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

4.6 KEY CONCEPT4.6 KEY CONCEPT

Fermentation allows the Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of production of a small amount of ATP ATP withoutwithout oxygen. oxygen.

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

• FermentationFermentation is an is an anaerobicanaerobic process process

– occurs when oxygen is not available occurs when oxygen is not available for cellular respirationfor cellular respiration

– does not produce ATPdoes not produce ATP

• Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable.making ATP when oxygen is unavailable.

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

• Lactic acidLactic acid fermentation occurs in fermentation occurs in muscle cellsmuscle cells– glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate

moleculesmolecules– pyruvate and NADH enter fermentationpyruvate and NADH enter fermentation– energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic

acidacid– NADH is changed back into NADNADH is changed back into NAD++

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

• AlcoholicAlcoholic fermentation is similar to fermentation is similar to lactic acid fermentationlactic acid fermentation

• Fermentation is used in food production.Fermentation is used in food production.

–yogurt yogurt

–cheese cheese

–breadbread

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

Pages 5, 6, & 7Pages 5, 6, & 7

1.1. Page 5 Title this page Page 5 Title this page Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

-What is the function of cellular respiration?-What is the function of cellular respiration?

-What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?-What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?

-Which of the above does cellular respiration require?-Which of the above does cellular respiration require?

-What does the kreb cycle do?-What does the kreb cycle do?

-What does the electron transport chain do?-What does the electron transport chain do?

2. Page 6 Title this page COMPARING PROCESSES2. Page 6 Title this page COMPARING PROCESSES

-On page 115 draw figure 4.12 and under each drawing -On page 115 draw figure 4.12 and under each drawing write the equation that fits the drawingwrite the equation that fits the drawing

4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation

3.3. Page 7 Title this page FermentationPage 7 Title this page Fermentation

-Write the key concept for fermentation Which type of -Write the key concept for fermentation Which type of process is fermentation? What does that term process is fermentation? What does that term mean?mean?

-Describe the difference between Lactic acid -Describe the difference between Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.

-Give 3 examples of alcoholic fermentation-Give 3 examples of alcoholic fermentation