Chapter 1

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation

Causes:

Problems in Catholics Church Leaders were corrupt

Spent a lot of money on luxurious items (How did they get this money?)

Lower leaders in the church could barely read (So…how could they teach the word of the Bible?)

Lower clergy also married, drank alcohol and gambled Earlier Reforms

1390 – 1410, John Wycliffe of England and Jan Hus of Bohemia spurred a reform Spread the message that the Pope did not have worldly power. Also, Bible had more authority than church leaders.

Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More called out the church also

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation

Luther Challenges the Church

Luther started out small, but ended up being a leading figure of the Reformation around 1517 He challenged Johann Tetzel for selling indulgences

Indulgences were free passes from performing religious rituals such as saying certain prayers, Hail Mary’s, religious works, etc.

A way to pay to get into Heaven 95 Theses

Attacked the Friars that were selling indulgences Posted his 95 Theses on a church door in Wittenberg,

Germany Someone took his 95 Theses to a printing press and word

spread throughout Germany; thus, creating the Reformation

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation

Luther’s Ideas went beyond indulgences to

actually attacking the church. His accusations were based on 3 critical ideas. “People could win salvation only by faith in God’s

gift of forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and ‘good works’ were needed for salvation.”

“All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. The pope and church traditions were false authorities.”

“All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation

The Response to Luther

Threat by the Pope 1520, Pope Leo X threatened to excommunicate Luther unless Luther took back his

accusations. Luther’s students through the Pope’s threat into a bonfire.

The Pope eventually excommunicated Luther The Emperor’s Opposition

Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V summoned Luther to Worms to take back what he said. Luther did not

Charles V issued the Edict of Worms which declared Luther an outlaw and heretic It said that nobody in the empire was to give Luther food or shelter. All of Luther’s books and testimonials were to be burned.

However, Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony gave Luther shelter in one of his castles where Luther translated the new testament into German

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5P7QkHCfaI Luther returned to Wittenberg to witness his 95 Theses put into practice.

Priest dressed normal (Now called Ministers) Led services in German instead of Latin Some ministers got married

What did this lead to??? No more reform in the Catholic Church, but a new religion; Lutheranism

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation

Peasants’ Revolt

Luther’s ideas not only applied to religion, but to society!!! In 1524 German peasants demanded the end of serfdom and rioted for freedom.

What is serfdom? This disgusted Luther and told the prince to address the situation violently and over 100,000

peasants were massacred This led to a slight dip in Lutheranism, but Luther still obtained most of his congregation.

Germany at War Many German princes supported Luther either spiritually or for selfishness

Some princes saw Luther’s teachings as an opportunity to seize land from the Catholic Church and Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.

In 1529 some German princes signed a petition supporting the Pope and scolding Luther. The princes who followed Luther’s teachings protested against this petition and became

know as Protestants (people of non-Catholic faith). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx_MCyxhTJs&feature=fvwrel

Determined to keep his empire devoutly Catholic, Charles V went to war with the Protestants in 1547 and won, but failed to turn them back into Catholics Desperate, Charles V summoned both religions to the city of Augsburg in 1555.

At the meeting, German princes agreed that the religion of each German state was to be decided by the prince of that state This famous religions compromise was known as the Peace of Augsburg

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation

England Becomes Protestant

Henry VIII Wants a Son Initially, Henry was a devout Catholic, but things changed!

He needed a son, but his wife, Catherine of Aragon was getting older so he wanted his marriage annulled.

However, he needed good reason for it to be annulled. In 1527, Henry asked Pope Leo X to annul the marriage and Pope Leo did not. Why?

The Reformation Parliament So…Henry called Parliament into session in 1529 and asked parliament to

pass a set of laws ending the Pope’s power in England By 1533, Henry secretly married Anne Boleyn (In her twenties!) and by 1534

Henry broke away from the Pope when the Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy. The Act of Supremacy recognized the English king as the official “head-honcho” of

England’s Church

Consequences of Henry’s Changes Henry became a “tomcat”! Married, divorced, and beheaded some wives.

Let’s look at the timeline on page 51

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation

Henry died in 1547 and all three of his

children ruled which created inconsistencies with religion 1st was Edward VI restored Protestantism at age

9. Do you thing he really ruled? 2nd was Mary, Ed’s ½ sister who was Catholic

and slaughter Protestants 3rd was Anne Boleyn’s daughter, Elizabeth I who

restored Protestantism.

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation

Elizabeth Restores Protestantism

Required ALL people to attend church or pay a fine – known as the Anglican Church of England

Sought many compromises among Catholics and Protestants, but still one unified church.

Spanish Armada Catholic Philip II attacked England, but Elizabeth

beat him back. It cost quite a bit of money and sacrifice

This led to something, what did it lead to?

Section 3 – Luther Starts Reformation