Section 3AN AGE OF RENEWAL AND GROWTH (PP. 119-158)

Section 3, Part 3:THE CHURCH IN THE NEW WORLD (PP. 144-158)

Introduction (p. 144)• We think of 1492 as the beginning of the Age of Exploration• Actually began in Africa in the early 15th century• Extended to the late 17th century• Scientific and technological advances of the scholastics & humanists made possible• Monarchs patronized for pure and not so pure motives• Priests and religious accompanied for spiritual missions—Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits• Destinations were Latin America, Asia, and North America• Look at effects and outcomes here

• Three articles• (A. 32) – Missions to Latin America (pp. 145-149)• (A. 33) – Missions in the Far East (pp. 149-153)• (A. 34) – Missions to North America (pp. 153-157)

Article 32: Missions to Latin America (pp. 145-149)

•In 1492, Spain was the most powerful country in Europe—entirely Catholic for first time since 711•Incas, Aztecs, and Mayans were very advanced civilizations but not match for Spanish conquistadors• Hernan Cortes in Mexico against Aztecs• Francisco Pizarro in Peru against Incas

•By 1550 both civilizations had fallen—murdered, small pox, enslaved, …•Dominican, Franciscan, and Jesuit missionaries accompanied conquistadors• Pure motives for friars and priests; split motives for monarchies and conquistadors (salvation and

conformity)• Missionaries protested and even sought legislative changes and got them but little changed in praxis

•Bartolome de las Casas (1484-1566)• Dominican who fought for indigenous rights--encomienda and slavery• A Very Brief Narrative of the Destruction of the Indians led to New Laws in 1542 by Charles V

Article 32 cont.: Missions to Latin America (pp. 145-149)

•St. Martin de Porres (1579-1639)• Son of Spanish nobleman and free slave—treated cruelly as child in Lima, Peru• Joined Dominicans as a lay brother and dedicated his life to poor and mistreated (slaves, sick, and poor)

•St. Rose of Lima (1586-1617)• Third Order Dimincan in Lima, Peru• Reputation for holiness during her life and miracles after her death brought many to faith• Patron saint of Peru along with Martin de Porres

•St. Peter Claver (1580-1654)• Native Spaniard who arrived in Cartagena, Columbia in 1610 (center of slave trade in the New World)• Ministered to the enslaved who suffered unspeakable physical and spiritual conditions before and after

his ordination in 1616 (healed, preached, baptized, & defended the human & civil rights of thousands)•Our Lady of Guadalupe, Juan Diego, his uncle, and the bishop of Mexico City—9 Dec. 1531• Second most visited shrine in the world (the tilma) and 85% of Mexico Catholic today

•How can we support the Church in Latin America today since we stem from them historically• USCCB sub committee and annual collection on 4th Sunday of January

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Homework•Read pp. 149-157 (AA. 33-34) in your e-book for discussion tomorrow

•3.3 H.W. on p. 158; 1-2

Article 33: Missions in the Far East (pp. 149-153)

•Patron saints of the missions: St. Francis Xavier and St. Theresa of Lisieux

•India remains predominantly Hindu today but strong Catholic presence in southern India (Goa and Kerala) and Sri Lanka by 18th century

• Saint Francis Xavier (1506-1552) arrived in Goa, India in 1542 with a small group of Jesuits

• Converted thousands thorough the basics of Christian belief & prayer along with gentleness & kindness

• Moved on to Ceylon (Sri Lanka = island off the south coast of India) where he converted thousands more and established missionary schools and churches

• Robert de Nobili (1577-1656) implemented enculturation in India and Ceylon to continue work

Article 33 cont.: Missions in the Far East (pp. 149-153)

•Japan today is predominately Hindu and Shinto but 500k Catholics (esp. in Nagasaki) • Francis Xavier arrived in Japan in 1549 after meeting, converting, & being persuaded by Japanese man• 200K baptized by 1580 with help of Franciscans and Dominicans (from Buddhism and Shintoism)• Built small Churches until persecution broke out—dozens of foreign missionaries and 30K Japanese

were killed due to suspicion of Japanese rulers• Paul Miki and companions (26)in 1597 in Nagasaki and totally banned in 1614• French missionaries found faith kept alive in secret for 200 years w/out priests when arrived in 1860’s

•China• Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) was an Italian Jesuit who made major inroads through enculturation &

western knowledge (150K Chinese Catholics by 1692)• Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith sided with friars over Jesuits in 1704• Emperor banned Christianity and persecuted missionaries and people• Opened up again in 1850 to Daughters of Charity and about 500K Catholics by 1900• In 1949, Chairman Mao of the PRC made it illegal (8 million underground & 5 million CCPA)• Cardinal Kung of Shanghai died in prison in 2000 for refusal to follow the CCPA

Article 34: Missions to North America (pp. 153-157)

•Spanish Franciscans (Florida, Southwest, & California) & French Jesuits (New England & Canada)•Economic and religious motives at the cost of native culture• Spread the faith, convert natives; civilize the natives through agriculture and Western learning & language

•Missions were self sustaining communities based upon agriculture•Natives were encouraged to establish settlements near missions•Challenges and hardships—scarcity, unpredictable relations resulting in acceptance, rejection, sickness, death, and murder for friars, settlers, and native people•Florida and Southwest• St. Augustine (1565) and 20 more; Jesuits 1st but Spanish Franciscans lasted; Seminoles forced all out by 1769• Mexican Franciscans; 21 in Texas by San Antonio (The Alamo-1718) & 40 in New Mexico by Santa Fe• Decline in 1700’s and stopped by 1800—converts and territory

•California• Blessed Junipero Serra (1719-1784) established 9 missions personally and oversaw 12 others• Franciscans founded economic centers where trades were taught but natives were “imprisoned”• Floggings, escapes, and uprisings ensued so missions declined, stopped, and died out by 1832

•French Missions in Canada and New York and beyond• Franciscans first in 1615 but no success; Jesuits followed in 1625 in Quebec; success with the Hurons• Trouble with the Iroquois—North American Martyrs (1640’s and 1930’s)—Isaac Jogues & John Brebeuf

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Homework•3.3 H.W. on p. 158; 3-7

•Study for the 3.3 Quiz on Monday (pp. 144-158; AA. 32-34)

•Make sure the 3.3 H.W. is ready to turn in on Monday (p. 158; 1-7)