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Section 3
A Clash of Cultures
Supporters of the new morality in the 1920s clashed with those who supported more traditional values.
DFS Trans 3
Chapter Intro 3
A Clash of Values
Why did the modern culture of the 1920s cause some people to think that traditional society and morality were under attack?
Section 3
• The following elements played a role in the new morality as personified by the flapper:
– Freudian psychology
– the automobile
– women in the workforce
– fashion
– women in college
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Women Earning College Degrees
Section 3
• Challenging traditional ways of behaving, the new morality glorified youth and personal freedom and changed American society.
• Having won the right to vote in 1920, many women sought to break free of the traditional roles and behaviors that were expected of them.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
– Attitudes toward marriage changed considerably.
Women Earning College Degrees
Section 3
• Many professional women made major contributions in science, medicine, law, and literature in the 1920s.
• Public health nurse Margaret Sanger founded the American Birth Control League in 1921 to promote knowledge about birth control.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Women Earning College Degrees
Section 3
• Others feared that the country was losing its traditional values to this “new morality.”
– Many of these people, especially in rural towns, responded by joining a religious movement known as Fundamentalism.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• Fundamentalists believed that the Bible was literally true and without error.
– In particular, they rejected Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.
– Instead, they believed in creationism.
Section 3
Scoopes Monkey Trial
• In 1925, Tennessee outlawed any teaching that denied “the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible,” or taught that “man descended from a lower order of animals.”
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
– The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) advertised for a teacher willing to be arrested for teaching evolution.
Section 3
– John T. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100.
– The conviction was later overturned on a technicality.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• People supported the prohibition of alcohol sales for many reasons—some for religious reasons; others thought it would reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty.
Murder Rate, 1920–1940
Section 3
• Prohibition supporters achieved their goal when the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified in January of 1920.
– Congress passed the Volstead Act, making the U.S. Treasury Department responsible for enforcing Prohibition.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Section 3
• The Treasury Department struggled to enforce Prohibition.
– People flocked to speakeasies.
– Bootlegging was common in rural areas.
– Organized crime, led by people such as Al Capone, thrived on the illegal trade of alcohol.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Section 3
• The Twenty-first Amendment, ratified in 1933, repealed the Eighteenth Amendment and ended Prohibition.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Section 3
Nativism Resurges
Nativism and racism increased in the 1920s and led to changes in immigration laws.
Section 3
• The fear and prejudice that many felt toward Germans and communists during and after World War I expanded to include all immigrants.
– This triggered a general rise in racism and nativism.
Nativism Resurges (cont.)
• Many Americans reacted to the bombings, strikes, and recession of the postwar years by blaming immigrants.
European Immigration, 1900–1924
Section 3
• The controversial Sacco-Vanzetti case reflected the prejudices and fears of the era.
– After two men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested.
– The newspapers revealed that the two men were anarchists.
– The murder evidence was questionable, but the two men were executed.
Nativism Resurges (cont.)
European Immigration, 1900–1924
Section 3
• William J. Simmons founded the new Ku Klux Klan in Georgia, in 1915.
– The Klan began to decline in the late 1920s, however, as a result of scandals and power struggles between its leaders.
Nativism Resurges (cont.)
• American immigration policies changed in response to the postwar recession and nativist pleas to “Keep America American.”
Section 3
– In 1924, the National Origins Act made immigration restriction a permanent policy.
– Quota system : only 2% of a national group population as of the 1890 census could migrate each year.
• Mexican immigrants were able to fill the need for cheap labor because the National Origins Act of 1924 exempted natives of the Western Hemisphere from the quota system.
Nativism Resurges (cont.)
VS 1
Causes of Prosperity
Business Innovation and Technology
• Mass production creates a wide range of consumer goods sold at low prices.
• Technology such as autos, airplanes, and radio leads to new industries and economic growth.
• Business pays high wages.
VS 1
Causes of Prosperity
New Consumer Society
• People have more disposable income and leisure time
• Credit is more readilyavailable
• Mass advertising begins
VS 2
A Changing Society
Cultural Changes
• A new youth culture with a “new morality” develops.
• Young people and women gain more independence.
• The working class enjoys more leisure time.
• New mass media in radio, movies, and sports develops.
VS 2
A Changing Society
Changes for African Americans
• Harlem Renaissance begins.
• Literature reveals racial pride and contempt of racism.
• Jazz and blues are popularized.
• Great Migration during the war creates strong African American voting blocs in Northern cities.
• First African American from the North is elected to Congress.
• NAACP battles segregation and discrimination.
VS 2
A Changing Society
Opposition to Change
• Nativists and a new Ku Klux Klan target immigrants, Catholics, Jews, and African Americans.
• Government imposes new quotas on immigration.
• Fundamentalists push for traditional values.
• Prohibition is implemented.
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Vocab6
mass production
the production of large quantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line
Vocab7
assembly line
a production system with machines and workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as the item passes before him or her
Vocab8
Model T
automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927
Vocab9
welfare capitalism
system in which companies enable employees to buy stock, participate in profit sharing, and receive benefits such as medical care common in the 1920s
Vocab10
open shop
a workplace where workers are not required to join a union
Vocab11
disposable
referring to the money remaining to an individual after deduction of taxes
Vocab12
credit
an amount or sum of money placed at a person’s disposal by a bank on condition that it will be repaid with interest
Vocab13
nativism
hostility toward immigrants
Vocab14
anarchist
person who believes that there should be no government
Vocab15
evolution
the scientific theory that humans and other forms of life have evolved over time
Vocab16
creationism
the belief that God created the world and everything in it, usually in the way described in the book of Genesis
Vocab17
speakeasy
a place where alcoholic beverages are sold illegally
Vocab20
bohemian
a person (as an artist or a writer) leading an unconventional lifestyle
Vocab21
mass media
a medium of communication (as in television and radio) intended to reach a wide audience
Vocab24
jazz
American style of music that developed from ragtime and blues and that uses syncopated rhythms and melodies
Vocab25
blues
style of music evolving from African American spirituals and noted for its melancholy sound and themes
End of Custom Shows
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