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Section 2.2—Naming Chemicals. We need to be able to name the chemicals in the antacids!. The Language of Chemistry. Chemistry has a language all of its own. Chemistry. English. Element Symbols. Letters. Chemical Formulas. Words. Chemical Equations. Sentences. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Section 2.2—Naming Chemicals
We need to be able to name the chemicals in the antacids!
The Language of Chemistry
Chemistry has a language all of its own
Each element symbol starts with a capital letter
EnglishChemistry
Element Symbols Letters
Chemical Formulas Words
Chemical Equations Sentences
Binary Ionic compounds
Definitions
Binary Ionic Compound- compound containing two elements—one metal and one non-metal
+Cation
-Anion Ionic Compound
Ionic bond- bond formed by attraction between + and - ions
Metals & Non-MetalsIonic Bonds are between metals & non-metals
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uut
Metals Metalloids Non-metals
These compounds have:2 elements (“binary”)A metal & a non-metal (“ionic”)
To name these compounds:Write the name of the metal (the cation)Write the name of the non-metal (the anion) with
the suffix “-ide”
Identifying & Naming Binary Ionic
The subscripts in the formula do not matter when naming this type
Example #1
NaCl
Example #1
NaCl
Cation
Anion
“Sodium”
“Chlorine” becomes “Chloride”
Sodium Chloride
Example #2
CaBr2
Example #2
Cation
Anion
“Calcium”
“Bromine” becomes “Bromide”
CaBr2
Calcium Bromide
Example #3
K2O
Example #3
K2O
Cation
Anion
“Potassium”
“Oxygen” becomes “Oxide”
Potassium Oxide
Let’s Practice
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
CaF2
Na3P
NaCl
SrBr2
Let’s Practice
Calcium fluoride
Sodium phosphide
Sodium chloride
Strontium bromide
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
CaF2
Na3P
NaCl
SrBr2
Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
Definition
Polyatomic Ion- more than one atom that together have a charge
+Cation
Polyatomic Ionic Compound- compound containing at least one polyatomic ion
-Polyatomic
AnionPolyatomic Ionic
Compound
Common Polyatomic Ions
COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS
Acetate, CH3COO-1 or C2H3O2-1
Ammonium NH4+1
Bromate, BrO3-1
Bromite, BrO2-1
Carbonate, CO3-2
Carbonite, CO2-2
Chlorate, ClO3-1
Chlorite, ClO2-1
Chromate, CrO4-2
Cyanide, CN-1
Dichromate, Cr2O7-2
Dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO4-1
Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate, HCO3
-1
Hydrogen phosphate or biphosphate, HPO4
-2
Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate, HSO4-1
Hydroxide, OH-1
Hypochlorite, ClO-1
Iodate, IO3-1
Iodite, IO2-1
Nitrate, NO3-1
Nitrite, NO2-1
Oxalate, C2O4-2
Perchlorate, ClO4-1
Permanganate, MnO4
-1
Peroxide, O2-2
Phosphate, PO4-3
Phosphite, PO3-3
Silicate, SiO3-1
Sulfate, SO4-2
Sulfite, SO3-2
The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
The only cation (front-half) polyatomic ion is “NH4”
All other polyatomic ions are anions (back-half)
The subscripts within the polyatomic ion is important (it must match exactly with the one on your ion list)
If there are parenthesis, the polyatomic ion is inside (ignore the number outside)
Help Identifying Polyatomic Ions
Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions
Example:Identify and name the
polyatomic ion in each
compound
NaNO3
NH4Cl
Ca(OH)2
(NH4)3PO4
K2CO3
Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions
Example:Identify and name the
polyatomic ion in each
compound
NaNO3
NH4Cl
Ca(OH)2
(NH4)3PO4
K2CO3
Nitrate
Ammonium
Hydroxide
Ammonium & phosphate
Carbonate
These compounds have:More than 2 capital letters (non starting with H)Contain at least 1 metal & 1 non-metal
To name these compounds:Write the name of the cation (the metal element
name or “Ammonium” for “NH4”)If the anion is a polyatomic ion, write the
polyatomic ion’s name just as it isIf the anion is a single non-metal element, write
its name with the suffix “-ide”
Identifying & Naming Polyatomic Ionic
Example #4
NaNO3
Example #4
NaNO3
Cation
PolyatomicAnion
“Sodium”
“Nitrate”
Sodium Nitrate
Example #5
K2SO4
Example #5
Cation
PolyatomicAnion
“Potassium”
“sulfate”
K2SO4
Potassium sulfate
Example #6
Ca(OH)2
Example #6
Ca(OH)2
Cation
PolyatomicAnion
“Calcium”
“hydroxide”
Calcium hydroxide
Example #7
(NH4)2S
Example #7
PolyatomicCation
Anion
“Ammonium”
“sulfur” becomes “sulfide”
(NH4)2S
Ammonium sulfide
Let’s Practice
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
Ca(NO3)2
Na3PO4
NH4ClO
K2CO3
Let’s Practice
Calcium nitrate
Sodium phosphate
Ammonium hypochlorite
Potassium carbonate
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
Ca(NO3)2
Na3PO4
NH4ClO
K2CO3
Multivalent Metals
Definition
Multivalent Metal- metal that has more than one possibility for cationic charge
The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
These compounds have:One of the multi-valent metals in that chart
To name these compounds:Write the name of the metal element (cation)Write the name of the anion (element name with “-ide” or
polyatomic ion name)Determine the total negative chargeTotal negative charge = total positive charge for all
neutral compoundsDetermine the charge on each metal atomWrite the charge in roman numerals in parenthesis after
the metal’s name
Identifying & Naming Multivalent Metals
Common Ions
N3- O2- F-
P3- S2- Cl-
Se2- Br-
I-
Periodic table--Charges of common ions
Use the periodic table to determine charges on common elemental anions
Example #8
CuCl
Example #8
CuCl
Cation
Anion
“Copper”
“Chlorine” becomes “Chloride”
Copper Chloride
Example #8
CuCl
Cation
Anion
“Copper”
“Chlorine” becomes “Chloride”
Copper Chloride
Chloride has a –1 charge
-1 charge * 1 ion = -1
A –1 charge needs a +1 charge
Therefore, copper must be +1
(I)
Example #9
Fe2(CO3)3
Example #9
Fe2(CO3)3
Cation
Polyatomic Anion
“Iron”
“Carbonate”
Iron carbonate
Example #9
Fe2(CO3)3
Cation
Polyatomic Anion
“Iron”
“Carbonate”
Iron carbonate
Carbonate has a –2 charge
-2 charge * 3 ions = -6
A –6 charge needs a +6 charge and there are 2 iron ions
Therefore, iron must be +3
(III)
Let’s Practice
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
PbCl2
PbCl4
MnO
Mn2O3
Let’s Practice
Lead (II) chloride
Lead (IV) chloride
Manganese (II) oxide
Manganese (III) oxide
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
PbCl2
PbCl4
MnO
Mn2O3
Binary Covalent Compounds
Definition
Binary Covalent Compound compound made from two non-metals that share electrons
Nonmetal
Nonmetal Covalent compound
Covalent bond atoms share electrons
These compounds have:2 elements (“binary”)Both non-metals (“covalent”)
To name these compounds:Write the name of the first element with the
prefix indicating the number of atoms (except don’t use “mono-”)
Write the name of the second element with the prefix indicating the number of atoms (including “mono-”) and the suffix “ide”
Identifying & Naming Binary Covalent
Covalent PrefixesThe Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
PREFIXES USED IN MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS1. mono-
2. di-3. tri-
4. tetra-5. penta-6. hexa-7. hepta-8. octa-9. nona-10.deca-
Example #10
P2O5
Example #10
P2O5
Phosphorus
Oxygen
2 = “di-”
5 = “penta-”Use “-ide”
Diphosphorus pentaoxide
Example #11
SiO2
Example #11
Silicon
Oxygen
Don’t use “mono-” on first element
2 = “di-”Use “-ide”
SiO2
Silicon dioxide
Let’s Practice
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
CO2
N2O4
P4O10
CO
Let’s Practice
Carbon dioxide
Dinitrogen tetraoxide
Tetraphosphorus decaoxide
Carbon monoxide
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
CO2
N2O4
P4O10
CO
Nomenclature Summary
Mixed Practice
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
Na2O
K3PO4
Cu(OH)2
(NH4)2S
MgCl2
Mixed Practice
Sodium oxide
Potassium phosphate
Copper (II) hydroxide
Ammonium sulfide
Magnesium chloride
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
Na2O
K3PO4
Cu(OH)2
(NH4)2S
MgCl2