What is your favorite way to travel?

A. By car

B. By boat

C. By plane

A B C

33% 33%33%

A. A

B. B

C. C

Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion (1790-1825)

Section 2 Westward Bound

How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion?

Moving West• The first censuscensus in the US

took place in 1790• It revealedrevealed a population of

almost 4 million• Most lived a few hundred

miles from the Atlantic coast• Within a few decades this

changed settlers moved farther west

• 1820 census- population of about 10 million people (2 million west of the Appalachians)

• The trip west was not easy, the trip from New York City to Buffalo could take as long as 3 weeks

Roads and Turnpikes• The nation needed good roads for trade

• Private companies built turnpikesturnpikes (toll roads)

• Most roads had a crushed stone base

• The land was muddy in some areas, so companies built “corduroy roads”

• Ohio asked the federal government to create a road to connect it with the east

• 1806- Congress approved funds for a national road

• Went from Baltimore, MD to Vandalia, Illinois (Through Columbus, Ohio)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What territory became a state in 1803?

A. Indiana

B. Louisiana

C. Michigan

D. Ohio

River Travel• Had advantages

over travel by wagon and horse

• More comfortable• Boats could carry

more• River travel had two

problems• 1. Most major rivers

in the regionregion flowed in a north-south direction

• 2. Traveling upstream by barge against the current was extremely difficult and slow

Steam Engines• Were used in the 1780s and

1790s to power boats in quiet waters

• Early boats could not go against currents

• Robert FultonRobert Fulton developed a powerful steamboat to carry cargo and passengers up the Hudson River

• 1807- Fulton’s steamboat, the Clermont, made the 150 mile trip from New York City to Albany

• In 32 hours• With sails it would have taken 4

days

Steamboats• Started a new age in

river travel• Shipping goods became

cheaper and faster• Regular steamboat

service started along the Mississippi River

• Steamboats contributed to the growth of river cities like Cincinnati and St. Louis

• By 1850 there were some 700 steamboats carrying cargo and passengers in the US

Canals• Steamboat routes

depended on existing rivers

• Steamboats could not tie together the eastern and western parts of the country

• De Witt ClintonDe Witt Clinton developed a plan to link New York City with the Great Lakes region

• The plan was to built a canalcanal across New York state

• Would connect Albany on the Hudson River with Buffalo on Lake Erie

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Why was the Erie Canal necessary?

A. The French and Spanish prevented travel on the Mississippi River.

B. Steamboats were unable to travel upstream to northern cities.

C. Most major rivers in the eastern United States flowed north to south.

D. Native Americans prevented travel on the National Road.

Building the Erie Canal• Thousands of laborers (Many

Irish immigrants) worked on the construction of the 363 mile Erie Canal

• A series of lockslocks were built• Could raise and lower boats at

places canal levels changed• Many dangers were involved

in building the canals• After more than two years, the

Erie Canal open on October 26, 1825

• Clinton boarded a barge in Buffalo and traveled to Albany

• Then down the Hudson to New York City

Improving Canal Travel• Steamboats could not travel on

the Erie Canal in the early years• The powerful engines could

damage the earthen embankments

• Instead, teams of mules or horses hauled the boats and barges

• This was still faster than wagon• 1840s- The canal banks were

reinforced to accommodate steam tugboats that could pull the barges

• More canals were then built• By 1850- there were more than

3,600 miles of canals• Canals lowered the cost of

shipping and linked the regions of the growing country

Western Settlement• Between 1816 and 1821, 5 new

western states were created• Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi,

Alabama, and Missouri• There was a rapid growth of

population west of the Appalachian Mountains

• Families settled in communities near rivers

• Families gathered together for social events

• Men wrestled, women quilted• Families gathered for cornhusking• American population continued to

spread westward

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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Why did pioneer families tend to setting in communities along major rivers?

A. To gain greater protection from Native Americans

B. To make it easier for them to travel east

C. Because they provided fresh drinking water

D. So that they could more easily ship their crops to market

How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion?

1. Better roads allowed easier travel and cheaper shipping2. Steamboats brought cheaper and faster shipping and spurred the growth of river cities3. The Erie Canal and other canals made shipping cheaper, encouraged the growth of towns, and united the country

Westward travelers paid tolls to private companies in order to use sections of roads that had been laid with crushed

stone or logs.

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

Though steamboats made the shipping of goods cheaper and faster, they also caused a loss of business to river cities

such as Cincinnati and St. Louis.

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

Canals lowered the cost of shipping goods, united the growing country

across great distances, and brought prosperity to towns along

their routes.

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

The National Road went as far west as

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Mansfield, Ohio

2. Cincinnati, Ohio

3. Vandalia, Illinois

4. Indianapolis, Indiana

Pioneer families tended to settle in communities

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Far from others

2. Near the sea

3. Along the rivers

4. On railroads

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