Section 2Day 2

Virginia Driver Responsibilities: Virginia Driver Responsibilities:

Preparing to Operate a VehiclePreparing to Operate a Vehicle

Day 2 Objectives • The students will understand the importanceThe students will understand the importance Safety, Safety,

Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesCommunication, Comfort, & Convenience Devices• The students will understand the importance of vehicular balanceThe students will understand the importance of vehicular balance• The students will explain theThe students will explain the 3 Vehicle Balance Types• The students will be able to list and explain the 4 types of steering

methods.• The students will be able to identify 5 lane positions.The students will be able to identify 5 lane positions.• The students will be able to define or explain vehicle operating The students will be able to define or explain vehicle operating

space.space.• The students will learn standard reference points to determine lane The students will learn standard reference points to determine lane

placement, stopping and turning maneuvers.placement, stopping and turning maneuvers. • The students will be able to understand why BGE (Blind Spot, Glare The students will be able to understand why BGE (Blind Spot, Glare

Elimination) are important.Elimination) are important.

Related SOL: DE.2, DE.3, DE.4, DE.5, DE.6, DE.7, DE.15, and DE.18Related SOL: DE.2, DE.3, DE.4, DE.5, DE.6, DE.7, DE.15, and DE.18, ,

Bell Ringer

Write a half page red to red about thefollowing statement.

Worth 10 Points! • What was your scariest, saddest or

funniest moment in a car? Support your story by using specific reasons and details.

Safety, Communication, Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Comfort, & Convenience

DevicesDevices

Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesDevices

Mirrors

- Adjustment Inside and Out

- Use Blindspot and Glare Elimination method (BGE)

Safety Belts

- Keeps the driver firmly behind the steering wheel

- Should be positioned under jackets, coats etc.,snug on the hips as possible

- Make sure all passengers do the same.

Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesDevices

Head Restraints

- Protecting Against Whiplash injuries

- Adjust to a position above the ear level to avoid serious injury

Horn

- Generally operated by pressing a button located on the steering wheel cross bar.

- Used to show position

- Usually marked with the horn symbol to indicate the location.

Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesDevices

Turn Signals

- Located on left side of steering column

- The lever is moved up to indicate a right turn and moved down to indicate a left turn.

- Always check to make sure signals canceled

Door Locks

– Manual / Power / Wireless w/ panic button

- Panic button- causes the horn to blow

– Child Proof Rear

Hazard Flashers

warn other drivers of a problem

increase their awareness of the presence of your vehicle.

When operated, both front and rear turn signals flash.

Windshield Wipers and Washers

- Usually located on the turn signal lever

Headlights / Running Lights

– Running daytime lights operate headlights, but without the taillights on.

-Usually located on the steering stalk or on the dashboard

Manual / Power Windows

- Located on the driver’s left door panel.

Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesDevices

Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesDevices Hood Release

– Usually located on the left side of the driver’s compartment under the instrument panel.

- Another lever under actual hood itself

Trunk Release

– Usually located on the left side of the driver on the floor. It may also be located in the glove box as a button.

Heat / Defroster / Air Conditioner Controls

- Usually located in a cluster on center

instrument panel

Seat Adjustment

– Power / Manual Controls

- Usually located at the lower front or left side of driver’s seat.

Vehicle Balance Considerations

Vehicle Balance

Vehicle Balance: the distribution of the weight of the vehicle on the tires as they meet the ground

A driver uses the feeling of motion consistently to judge acceleration, deceleration, and the loss of traction

Requirements for Maintaining Vehicle Balance Precise steering movements Smooth acceleration Controlled braking Body position,

– allows the feet, legs, and hands to maintain a stable seat position

Controlling Vehicle BalanceControlling Vehicle Balance

3 Vehicle Balance Types:

– Roll: vehicle moves side to side

– Pitch: vehicle moves forward or

backward

– Yaw: vehicle moves left or right

– Best balance is at rest with no

movement or stationary

Changing Vehicle Load from Side to SideChanging Vehicle Load from Side to Side

Steering Wheel Movements

RollRoll

Changing Vehicle Load from Front to Rear

Accelerating

Changing Vehicle Load from Rear to FrontBraking

PitchPitch

Changing Vehicle Balance from Left to Right (Yaw) Traction loss to right rear

Changing Vehicle Load from Right to Left (Yaw) Traction loss to left rear

YawYaw

What is this?What is this?

DROPS

Front

LIFTS

Rear

Seating Position

Adjust the seat height so that the top of the steering wheel is in line with the top of the shoulders.

Proper distance from the steering can be determined by extending the arm straight forward and adjusting the seat until the top of the wheel is in line with the wrist joint.

Steering wheel Control

Steering Wheel

Always turn steering wheel in

direction of desired movement

whether moving forward or moving

backward.

Hand Position

Hand position should be 8

and 4 O’clock

Should be adjusted toward

your chest

The 8 and 4 position also facilitates keeping both hands on the steering wheel and reduces upper and lower back pain

4 Types of Steering

Hand to Hand Steering (Push-Pull-Feed)

• Allows minor to more involved steering while keeping both hands on the steering wheel

• Best for maintaining vehicle balance

Hand Over Hand Steering• Effective when steering movement needs to be

made quickly and in limited space.

4 Types of Steering cont…

Limited Evasive Steering– Making a quick turn to perform an evasive

maneuver which causes a quick shift of weight or center of mass to the left or right of the vehicle

One Hand Steering– Only recommended for backing

maneuvers

Lane Positions

31

2

5

4

5 Lane Positions5 Lane Positions

Don’t Write this slide

31

2

5

4

Lane positions will allow the driver to make adjustments to potential problems and create more space between the car and problem situations.

Lane Position 1

• CENTER OF YOUR LANE.CENTER OF YOUR LANE.• CAR IS 3 FEET AWAY FROM LINE TO RIGHT OR LEFTCAR IS 3 FEET AWAY FROM LINE TO RIGHT OR LEFT

1

Lane Position 2

• LEFT SIDE OF YOUR LANE.LEFT SIDE OF YOUR LANE.• CAR IS 0-6 INCHES AWAY FROM LINE TO LEFTCAR IS 0-6 INCHES AWAY FROM LINE TO LEFT

2

Lane Position 3

• RIGHT SIDE OF LANE.RIGHT SIDE OF LANE.• CAR IS 0-6 INCHES AWAY FROM EDGE OR EDGE LINE TO CAR IS 0-6 INCHES AWAY FROM EDGE OR EDGE LINE TO

THE RIGHTTHE RIGHT

3

Lane Positions 4 &5

These lane positions require the vehicle to actually straddle the lane line to the left(LP4) or the right(LP5)

5

4

Vehicle Operating SpaceVehicle Operating Space

V.O.S. is the pavement area around the vehicle that cannot be seen by the driver.

Determining Vehicle Determining Vehicle

Operating SpaceOperating Space

Placing markers at edge of sightlines

Drawing the central space area-true blind spot

Don’t write this slide

Vehicle Operating Space

Standard Reference points will help because V.O.S. to front, side, and rear is so large.

Standard Vehicle Reference Points

Standard Referencing PointsStandard Referencing Points

Referencing Referencing Points:Points:

• Provide visual cues to establish vehicle position.

• Relate part of the vehicle to some part of the roadway.

• Allow the driver to determine proper placement within a lane.

RIGHT RIGHT Reference Reference

PointsPointsLEFT LEFT Reference Reference PointsPoints

6 inches from line or median

3 feet from line or median

6 inches from line or curb

3 feet from line or curb

Right Side LimitationRight Side Limitation

Establishing reference points for Establishing reference points for right side limitation will allow right side limitation will allow you to:you to:

• know where the curb or line is on the right side of the street

• park parallel 3-6 inches away from a line or curb

• establish lane position 3establish lane position 33-6 inches

Line of sight

Reference point

Reference point

Right Side LimitationRight Side Limitation

Left Side LimitationLeft Side Limitation

• About About one footone foot from the left front corner of from the left front corner of your car (it may be the seam between your left your car (it may be the seam between your left fender and the hood of your vehicle) to the fender and the hood of your vehicle) to the curb.curb.

3-6 INCHES

Reference Point

Line of Sight

Reference Point

Left Side LimitationLeft Side Limitation

Rear LimitationRear Limitation

To align the rear bumper three to six inches from a To align the rear bumper three to six inches from a line or curb,line or curb, you need to stop when the line or you need to stop when the line or curb appears near the middle of the rear right curb appears near the middle of the rear right window when looking over the right shoulder.window when looking over the right shoulder.

Reference point

Reference point

Rear LimitationRear Limitation

Front Limitation Reference PointsFront Limitation Reference Points

• To stop 3-6 inches from the line in front of your bumper, To stop 3-6 inches from the line in front of your bumper, stop when stop when your line of sight your line of sight runs under the side view runs under the side view mirror reference point to the line in front of your vehicle.mirror reference point to the line in front of your vehicle.

Reference Point

Line of sight Reference point

Front Limitation Reference PointsFront Limitation Reference Points

BGE

Blind Spot, Glare Elimination

Blind Spots

Blind spots are dangerous areas which cannot be seen in the mirrors on either or both sides of the vehicle.

Rear Mirror View

Right Side Mirror View

Left Side Mirror View

Bad Mirror Settings

Rear View Mirror

Widest field of view and tells the most important information about traffic to rear

• Primary mirror

Outside Mirrors

Field of view is half that of rear view mirror– Reduce size of blind zone, but adds a little

to field of view of rear view mirror

Setting the Mirrors for BGE

Driver side– Place your head against the left side window and

adjust the mirror to just see down the car.

No Cones

When you sit normal….cones

Setting the Mirrors for BGE

Passenger side– Put your head in the middle of the car and

adjust mirror to just see down the car.No Cones

When you sit normal….cones

BGE Mirror Settings

Rear Mirror View

Right Side Mirror View

Left Side Mirror View

15º

15º

Class Work

Complete Section 2 handout, Pages 7 – 12

To be turned in at the end of the class,

The End!!