Section 1: The Crusades

Section 2: The Revival of Trade

Section 3: The Growth of Towns

Section 4: Life and Culture in the Middle Ages

Section 5: Wars and the Growth of Nations

Section 6: Challenges to Church Power

The High Middle Ages

Question:What causes and effects led to the First Crusade?

The Crusades

The Crusades

Some 10,000 Europeans take up the cause.

Turks gain control of Palestine and threaten Constantinople.

Pope Urban asks European lords to free the Holy Lands from the Turks.

The emperor asks the pope for help.

SECTION 2

Question:What were some reasons for the revival of trade in Europe?

The Revival of Trade

The Revival of Trade

Revival of Trade

The Crusades stimulated trade.

Viking ships brought Asian goods to

northern Europe.

Flanders became a meeting center of

different trade routes.

The Hanseatic League set up trading posts.

Italian ships brought goods back from

Asia.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

Question:What factors contributed to the decline of serfdom?

The Growth of Towns

The Growth of Towns

The Decline of Serfdom

Serfs could leave for towns.

Serfs could earn money by selling crops to townspeople.

Changing agricultural methods pushed them off the land.

The Black Death killed many people in Europe so the demand for workers increased.

Question:What are some types of literature that were common in the Middle Ages?

Life and Culture in the Middle Ages

Life and Culture in the Middle Ages

poems about love and chivalry

fictional stories, sometimes of heroes

short comic stories written in rhymed verse

troubadour songs

romances

national epic

Kind of Literature Characteristics Example

love songs

King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table

“Reynard the Fox”

Vernacular Literature in the Middle Ages

fabliaux

miracle, morality, and mystery plays

long poem about a hero

short dramas with religious or Biblical themes

The Song of Roland

“Noah’s Flood”

Chapter Wrap-Up

1. How did the Crusades promote an exchange of ideas and goods?

2. How did the growth of trade and towns bring changes to the feudal and manorial systems?

3. What groups lost power as Europe’s kings established strong nations?

1. How did the Crusades promote an exchange of ideas and goods?

2. How did the growth of trade and towns bring changes to the feudal and manorial systems?

3. What groups lost power as Europe’s kings established strong nations?

CHAPTER 12