Use your imagination, pretend the two figures to the right are exactly 1 inch in length. Much of construction is used with accuracy to 1/16th of an inch, but more precise measurements are to the 32nd or 64th.

When you REALLY want to be accurate (as in manufacturing), the inch is divided in powers of ten.10ths, 100ths, 1000ths, and more.

Notice that many of the tick marks can take on different names, all representing the same value.

Section 1.2 MEASUREMENT

Stanley Units – what are they?

0 1

0 1

English Units of MeasureThe following are some commonly used units of measure. You are expected to know these.

Examples for measuring: Give the value for each measure.

A = _______ B = _______ C = _______ D = _______

Locate each measure.

A = 2 3/8 in B = 3 13/16 in C = 12/16 in D = 4 ¼ in

Metric Units of Measure

A B C D

Length Volume Weight1 foot = 12 inches1 yard = 3 feet1 mile = 5280 feet

1 gallon = 4 quarts1 quart = 2 pints1 pint = 2 cups1 cup = 8 ounces

1 ton = 2000 pounds1 pound = 16 ounces

The metric system is based on powers of ten. It is far more easily understood than our English system. One reason we may disagree is because we “grew up” with the English system. There was a time when there was a concentrated movement towards using metric, but because it met with such resistance, that effort has gone away.

Kilo 1000Hecto 100Deka or Deca 10Unit (meter, liter, gram)Deci 0.1 (one tenth)Centi 0.01 (one hundredth)Milli 0.001 (one thousandth)

Some common conversions you should know:1 km = __________ m 1 m = __________ km1 m = __________ cm 1 cm = __________ m1 m = __________ mm 1 mm = __________ m1 cm = __________ mm 1 mm = __________ cm

The following are some metric units of measure. Those in bold are most commonly used metric measures.

It will help you a great deal if you can get these prefixes down in terms of what they mean. If you know them, you’ll be able to apply their meaning to any unit of measure given.

kilo hect deka UNIT deci centi milli103 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3

1,000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

leng

th

kilometer km

about 6 city

blocks

hectometer hm

length of football

field

dekameters

dam3-story

tall building

meter m

floor to a door knob

decimeters

dmwidth of

palm

centimeters cm

width of little finger

nail

millimeter mm

thickness of a dime

capa

city

kiloliter kL

3 very full bathtubs

hectoliter hL

15-minute low flow shower

dekaliter daL

½ of a 5- gallon bucket

liter L

1 liter bottle of Pepsi™

deciliter dL

between 1/3 & 1/2 of

a cup

centiliter cL

about 2 teaspoons

milliliter mL

20 eye dropper drops

mas

s

kilogram kg

1 liter bottle of

water

hectogram hg

about 3.5 ounces

dekagram dag

about 1/3 ounce

gram ga

paperclip or

aspirin

decigram dg

caffeine in a cup of

real coffee

centigram cg

a small raindrop

milligram mg

25 grains of sugar

Once you know and understand some basic relationships in the Metric system, finding others (converting from one unit of measure to another) can be easy; especially, if you have a TRICK.

So let’s say you have some conversions to do, but you don’t have a table handy and you’re not really sure about which one is which. Remember the following.

King Henry King Henry Drinks Unsweetened Dark Chocolate Milk

_____|_______|_______|______|_______|_______|_______|_____ Kilo hecto deka unit deci centi milli

meterlitergram

Examples:

1) 5m = ________cm Move the decimal point the number of spaces and direction needed to go from “m” to “cm.”

2) 0.08kg = ________g Move the decimal point the number of spaces and direction needed to go from “kg” to “g.”

3) 435ml = ________l Move the decimal point the number of spaces and direction needed to go from “ml” to “l.”

4) 180064cm = ___________km

5) 36.814kg = ___________mg

Examples for measuring:

Give the value for each measure.

In mm A = _______ B = _______ C = _______ D = _______

In cm A = _______ B = _______ C = _______ D = _______

Locate each measure.

A = 13 mm B = 100 mm C = 48 mm D = 125 mm

E = 2.6 cm F = 4 cm G = 9.3 cm H = 0.3 cm

A B C D

Examples: In each example below we are going to start with the number 14.3498. The whole portion of this number (14) is not going to change, so we only need to address the decimal portion.

Change to 4thsChange to 8ths

Change to 16ths

14-1/4in 14-3/8 in 14-3/8 in

Change to 32nds Change to 64ths

14-11/32 in 14-22/64 in

Take the Shortcut

Decimals Fractions

Here is a real cool gimmick for changing measurements in decimals to measurements in fractions.Change 14.3498 inches to: 4ths, 8ths, 16ths, 32nds, and 64ths

Step 1 – take off the whole number part and just concentrate on the decimal portion.

Step 2 – multiply the decimal portion by the number you want to convert to.

Now is a good time to check out the appendix in your text. Mark this page with a post-it or sticker as it will prove to be very helpful in working your problems.

Appendix:

Common Abbreviations & Symbols:

Metric:

mm = millimeter cm = centimeter m = meter km = kilometer

mL = milliliter dm = decimeter L = liter dL = deciliter

mg = milligram cg = centigram g = gram kg = kilogram

Standard:

“ = in = inch ‘ = ft = foot yd = yard mi = mile

gal = gallon oz = ounce lb = pound

Common Conversions:

Length: Standard Length Metric Length Standard to Metric

1 ft = 12 in

1 yd = 3 ft

1 mi = 5280 ft

1 m = 100 cm

1 m = 10 dm

1 m = 1000 mm

1 km = 1000 m

1 in = 2.54 cm

1mi = 1.61 km

3.281 ft = 1 m

Area: Standard Area Metric Area Standard to Metric

1 ft2 = 144 in2 1 m2 = 10,000 cm2 1 in2 = 6.452 cm2

Weight: Standard Weight Metric Weight Standard to Metric

1 ton = 2000 lbs

1 lb = 16 oz

1 g = 1000 mg

1 kg = 1000 g

1 ton = 907.2 kg

1 oz = 28.35 g

1 lb = 453.6 gExample 1:Calculate the space between each fence slat if the spaces are all equal. Give your answer to the nearest 8th of an inch.

Example 2:Calculate dimensions X & Y so that all 8 gaps between the circles are the same size. Give your answer to the nearest 16th

of an inch.

Homework: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 (16 problems). Work needs to be labeled, neat, and organized.

Section 1.2

1. A = 1 1} over {4¿, B = 2 5} over {8¿, C = 3 11} over {16 ¿, D = 4 7 } over {8¿, E = 5 15} over {16¿

2. A = 1 3 } over {32¿, B = 2 15 } over {32¿, C = 3 19} over {32¿, D = 4 23 } over {32¿, E = 5 29} over {32¿

3. A = 1.8 cm, B = 4.1 cm, C = 7.6 cm, D = 11.9 cm4. A = 25 mm, B = 52 mm, C = 76 mm, D = 108 mm,

E = 139 mm5. A = 35, B = 25, C = 32, D = 13, E = 36, F = 16, G =

20, H = 53, I = 19, J = 19, K = 20, L = 26, M = 51, N = 21, P = 19, Q = 33, R = 26, S = 12 *Note: copy machines will have an effect on the measurements (all in millimeters).

6. A = 1 5} over {8¿, B = 1 1} over {8¿, C = 1 15} over {32¿, D = 5} over {8¿, E = 1 5} over {8¿, F = 23 } over {32¿, G = 29} over {32¿, H = 2 7 } over {16 ¿, I = 7} over {8¿, J = 7 } over {8¿, K = 29} over {32¿, L = 1 5} over {32¿, M = 2 5} over {16¿, N = 15 } over {16¿, P = 7} over {8¿, Q = 1 15} over {32¿, R = 1 5} over {32¿, S = 9 } over {16 ¿ *Note: copy machines will have an effect on the measurements.

7. 3 } over {8¿8. 26 boards, spacing = 1 } over {8¿9. a) .025” ≈ 1 } over {32¿

b) .041” ≈ 1} over {32¿c) .065” ≈ 1 } over {16¿

10. Loose pilot holes: 1} over {8¿, 5 } over {32¿, 7 } over {32¿, 1 } over {4¿Tight pilot holes: 3 } over {32¿, 1} over {8¿, 3 } over {16¿, 7 } over {32¿

11. Width = Height = 1 11} over {16 ¿12. 7 9} over {16 ¿13. 15 Rises, Rise height = 7 1} over {16¿14. Number of rises Rise height

20 6 1 } over {16¿ 19 6 3 } over {8¿ 18 6 3} over {4 ¿ 17 7 1 } over {8¿ 16 7 9 } over {16 ¿

15.

16.

X-Coordinate Y - Coordinate

P1 −14

−34

P3-1

12 2

38

P52

14 3

P71

12 1

14

P81

12 2

14

P10 −18 1

14

H1 0 0

H2 −78 1

18

H4 −78 2

38

H5 38 2

116

H71 1

716

X-Coordinate Y - Coordinate

P2 0.000 1.875

P4 1.250 3.750

P6 3.750 0.000

P9 1.375 3.000

H3 0.625 2.500

H6 2.500 2.750

H8 1.875 2.250

H9 3.000 0.750

17. 41} over {2¿18. 45} over {8¿19.

Working Depth

ClearanceTooth

Thickness

.253 in .020 in .199 in

1.687 cm .133 cm 1.325 cm

.358 in .028 in .281 in

.300 in .024 in .236 in