Section 10.1 Identify how Web sites are structured Explain the role of URLs Describe the function of HTTP Section 10.2 Explain how the Web has affected

Section 10.1• Identify how Web sites are structured• Explain the role of URLs• Describe the function of HTTP

Section 10.2• Explain how the Web has affected business technology• Describe various methods of securing online documents and transactions

Section 10.3• Identify the difference between HTML and XML• Explain how XML data can be presented in a Web page• Identify how scripting languages make the Web a more interesting place

10.1pp. 282-286

Main Ideas

Web sites present an organized collection of Web pages in HTML format. Individual pages are located using URLs. Web servers and browsers communicate using HTTP.

Key Terms

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Active Server Page (ASP)

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Secure HTTP (HTTPS)

Guide to Reading

The Internet & the World Wide Web

10.1pp. 282-286

Web Sites

Web sites present information using combinations of text, graphics, sound, animation, video, and, of course, hyperlinks.

Web site hosts provide a server and space for many companies’ Web sites.


10.1pp. 282-286

Each Web site has a Web address, known as its Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

URLs identify the path to a particular file on the Web, such as an Active Server Page (ASP).

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) An address used to specify the exact location and name of a resource on the Web. (p. 285)

Active Server Page (ASP) A Web page capable of generating customized Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) pages on the fly. (p. 285)

Web Addresses and URLs


10.1pp. 282-286

Web Addresses and URLs

All URLs use a format similar to that shown below:


10.1pp. 282-286

HTML is the language used to display pages and text within a browser window. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) transports the Web page to the browser.

An extension to HTTP, called Secure HTTP (HTTPS), adds encryption and security features to HTTP. This helps secure private information, such as a credit card number.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) A code that appears at the beginning of every URL clicked or typed with the purpose of visiting a Web site or to request a specific document within the site. (p. 285)

Secure HTTP (HTTPS) An extension to HTTP that adds encryption and security features to HTTP. (p. 286)

Web Transport Service


10.1pp. 282-286

You Try It

• Activity 10A – Uploading and Downloading Documents Using

FTP (p. 284)


10.2pp. 288-294

Main Ideas

Web technologies play important roles in networking and everyday computing. E-commerce is a primary way of doing business today. There are many ways to secure documents and communications on the Web.

Key Terms

intranetextranetportalAuthenticodedigital signaturedata encryption standard (DES)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)firewallproxy server

Guide to Reading

Business and the Web

10.2pp. 288-294

Two of the most significant applications of Web-related technologies in corporate networks are intranets and extranets.

Intranets and extranets are like miniature Webs. Browser software is used to access, view, and use documents and applications.

intranet A Web-like network that can only be accessed by internal users such as employees of a company. (p. 288)

extranet A Web-like network that makes it possible for employees of a corporation and trusted outside parties to access the network. (p. 288)

Intranets and Extranets


10.2pp. 288-294

Many businesses are extending their visibility by entering into partnership with the owners of large and heavily used sites known as portals.

Portals can provide access to the Web and electronic stores or malls.

portal A Web page that acts as an entryway, or a gateway, to the Web. (p. 289)

Electronic Commerce and Portals


10.2pp. 288-294

Electronic Commerce and Portals

The MSN portal allows users to customize the content to show items of personal and local interest.


10.2pp. 288-294

Security

There are many security issues that a network faces when connect to the Web, including the following:

• Protecting the internal network from access by unauthorized individuals.

• Protecting information as it is transported over the Internet.

• Protecting the privacy and security of people’s personal and financial information.


10.2pp. 288-294

The following technologies can help with security:

• Authenticode• digital signature

Authenticode A technology used to assure end users that the code they are downloading has been created by the group or individual listed on the certificate, and has not been changed since it was created. (p. 290)

digital signature An electronic certificate that verifies the creator of a program or other electronic document. Relies on a private key that is held by the originator, and the public key held by the recipient of the file. (p. 290)

Security


10.2pp. 288-294

Other security technologies include:

• encryption which includes the data encryption standard (DES)• Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)• Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)• firewalls• proxy servers

data encryption standard (DES) A high security level encryption standard, 56 bit keys, used before file transmission. This is no longer the highest level. (p. 292)

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) A widely used Internet protocol designed to allow e-mail messages to include not only text, but sound, graphics, audio, and video. (p. 292)

Security


10.2pp. 288-294

• encryption which includes the data encryption standard (DES)• Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)• Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)• firewalls• proxy Servers

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) An authentication and encryption method developed by Netscape Communications used to protect communications between client and server. (p. 292)

firewall A barrier, such as a router, bridge, or gateway, that sits between the network and the outside world. It is designed to keep unacceptable packets from reaching the internal network. (p. 293)

proxy server A server that forms a barrier between the internal network and the outside world. Presents only one IP address for all the computers on the network. Also known as proxies. (p. 293)

Security


10.2pp. 288-294

Security

Firewalls and proxies act as barriers to protect the LAN from outside intruders.


10.2pp. 288-294

You Try It

• Activity 10B – Accessing and Reviewing Local Security

Settings (p. 290)• Activity 10C – Enabling Windows XP Firewall (p. 293)


10.3pp. 296-300

Main Ideas

The Web uses a number of different languages to format, structure, and present data. Some of these languages are capable of automatically generating Web pages.

Key Terms

tagsattributesDynamic HTMLcascading style sheets (CSS)Extensible Markup Language (XML)document type definition (DTD)Extensible Style SheetscriptJavaScriptCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)

Guide to Reading

Languages of the Web

10.3pp. 296-300

HTML acts as a set of instructions that tells browser software how and where to place the page’s content.

HTML uses a system of tags and attributes to identify formatting and layouts.

tags An HTML command that tells how to display an element, such as text or an image, within a Web browser. (p. 296)

attribute An HTML command that modifies a certain formatting or layout instruction. (p. 296)

HTML


10.3pp. 296-300

Dynamic HTML (DHTML) embeds a script within a regular HTML page. Scripts can perform a variety of functions that add interactivity to a Web page.

HTML cannot perform this type of action.

Dynamic HTML (DHTML) A special type of program code, called script, embed within a regular HTML page. (p. 297)

DHTML


10.3pp. 296-300

Cascading style sheets (CSS) define rules for how certain elements are to appear on a Web page.

cascading style sheets (CSS) Documents developed to make it easier to apply formatting rules to one or more HTML documents. A single format change can appear throughout a Web site. (p. 298)

Cascading Style Sheets


10.3pp. 296-300

The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used to define the structure of the content.

It is “extensible” because you are free to define the structure any way you want to.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) A markup language used to describe the content structure and not just the appearance of the document that is transmitted. (p. 298)

XML


10.3pp. 296-300

For XML to actually do something, the following is needed:

• document type definition (DTD)• Extensible Style Sheet (XSL)• a parsing program

document type definition (DTD) The rules which define the legal tags for an XML document. For an XML file to be valid, it must follow the rules set by the DTD. (p. 298)

Extensible Style Sheet (XSL) A document sheet set up for formatting the display of XML data (in a browser, for example). (p. 298)

XML


10.3pp. 296-300

Scripting has changed the face of the Web. These scriptsscripts are based on several different programming languages and bring a lot of new capabilities to the Web.

• ASP

• JavaScript

• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

script A fairly short program that limits interaction within the confines of the Web page and browser. (p. 299)

JavaScript A script that utilizes the Java programming language to create dynamic effects that can be added to an HTML page. (p. 300)

Common Gateway Interface (CGI) An interface that allows Web servers to interact dynamically with users. Most commonly used to process online forms. (p. 300)

Scripting


10.3pp. 296-300

You Try It

• Activity 10D – Creating an HTML Page (p. 297)


Resources

For more resources on this chapter, go to the Introduction to Networks and Networking Web site at http://networking.glencoe.com.

Chapter 10

http://networking.glencoe.com/