CHAPTER 2 EUROPE LOOKS

OUTWARD

Section 1 The Age of Exploration

Objectives

1. Explain what happened to the Vikings who explored Newfoundland.

2. Describe the voyages of Christopher Columbus.

3. Describe the expeditions of such Spanish explorers as Vasco Nunez de Balboa and Ferdinand Magellan.

4. Explain the importance of the Columbian Exchange.

Key Terms and People

Christopher Columbus

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Ferdinand Magellan

Strait

Circumnavigate

A. First Visitors From Europe

1. The Vikingsa. seagoing people who originally lived in the

part of northern Europe known as Scandinavia.

b. Scientists found the remains of an early Viking settlement in Newfoundland.

c. Leif Erikson sailed from a colony in Greenland in 1001 to explore land farther west.

d. They explored the region and named it Vinland.

A. First Visitors From Europe

2. The Voyages of Columbusa. Columbus thought he could reach Asia and

the East by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean.

b. He sailed on Portuguese ships, studied maps and charts, and learned about the world beyond Europe.

c. The king of Portugal refused to finance his trip.

d. He moved to Spain and presented his plan to Kind Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.

A. First Visitors From Europe

3. Setting Saila. In 1492, about 90 men, mostly Spaniards,

prepared to make the voyage. b. The Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria.c. Believing he was in the Asian islands the

Indies, Columbus called these people Indians.

d. Columbus set sail for Spain in January of 1493.

A. First Visitors From Europe

4. Spain Backs More Voyagesa. Columbus reported that there was gold in

the “West Indies.”b. In September of 1493, he set sail for the

“West Indies.”c. Boats filled with priests, soldiers, and

settlers planned to colonize and rule the land while trying to spread Christianity.

A. First Visitors From Europe

d. On the second voyage, Columbus discovered other islands, including Puerto Rico

e. 12 of his ships returned to Spain with gold, trinkets, and captives.

f. On his third expedition, reached South America and decided it was the Asian mainland.

g. When Columbus died, he was still convinced that he had reached Asia.

B. The Continuing Search for Asia 1. America

a. Italian Explorer who followed the route charted by Columbus.

b. A German mapmaker labeled the region “the land of Amerigo”, which was shortened to “America”

c. Vasco Nunez de Balboa, a Spanish colonist, explored the Caribbean coast of what is now Panama.

d. He became the first European to set eyes on the Pacific Ocean.

B. The Continuing Search for Asia e. Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese

explorer, set out to find an Atlantic-Pacific passage in 1519.

f. strait – a narrow passage that connects two large bodies of water.

g. At the southern tip of Argentina, his ships made it to what is called the Strait of Magellan

Circumnavigate – travel around the world

C. The Columbian Exchange

1. The Columbian Exchange is a transfer of people, products, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

2. Positive Effectsa. Europeans introduced cows, hogs, and

other domestic animals to the Western Hemisphere.

Food plants such as wheat and oats

C. The Columbian Exchange

3. Negative Effectsa. Europeans brought germs to which Native

Americans had no immunity. b. Smallpox, chickenpox, measels, and

other diseases killed thousands of Native Americans

C. The Columbian Exchange

4. Impact on Europea. The Americas introduced llamas, turkeys,

squirrels, and muskrats to the rest of the world.

b. More importantly were the crops that Native Americans taught the Europeans to cultivate.

c. These plants account for nearly one third of the world’s food supply.