Section 1Changing Earth’s Surface

Erosion movement of weathered rock and soil from one place to another. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=HjVSiuj7Lxk

Sediment may consist of pieces of rock or soil or the remains of plants and animals.

Deposition laying down of sediment.

Weathering, erosion, and deposition act together in a cycle that wears down and builds up Earth’s surface.

Mass Movement

mass movement movement of sediment downhill.

landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep.

Landslides rock and soil slide rapidly down a steep slope.

A mudflow is the rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock, and soil.

A slump rock and soil rapidly slips down a slope.

Creep is the very slow downhill movement of rock and soil.

Section 2Water Erosion

Water running downhill is the major agent of the erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface

Runoff is water that moves over Earth’s surface.

During sheet erosion, runoff forms tiny grooves in the soil called rills

A gully is a large groove, or channel, in the soil

Gullies join together to form a larger channel called a stream.

Through erosion, a river creates valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes

Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.

flat, wide area of land along a river is a flood plain

A meander is a looplike bend in the course of a river

oxbow lake is a meander that has been cut off from the river.

alluvial fan: wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.

Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lakebuilds up a landform called a delta

The amount of sediment that a river carries is its load

if a river’s slope increases, the water’s speed also increases.

A river’s flow is the volume of water that moves past a point on the river in a given time.

the water flows faster near the center of the river, because it is usually deeper

Sediment is deposited on the inside curve of a river

Section 3Waves and Wind

waves comes from wind that blows across the water’s surface.

In deep water, a wave only affects the water near the surface.

How Waves Erode

impact

abrasion

wave begin to drag on the bottom

erode a hollow area in the rock

rock above an arch collapses forming a sea stack

Waves shape a coast when they deposit sediment forming :

beaches, spits,sandbars, barrier beaches.

sediment moves down the beach with the current, in a process called longshore drift.

Erosion by Wind

Wind causes erosion by deflation and abrasion.

deflation as the process by which wind removes surface materials.

This fine, wind-deposited sediment is called loess

Section 4Glaciers

glacier is any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.

two kinds of glaciers—continental glaciers and valley glaciers.

continental glacier glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.

valley glacier long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley.

Glaciers can form only in an area where more snow fallsthan melts.

The two processes by which glaciers erode the landare plucking and abrasion.http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=AG3luuhc-5Y

The mixture of sediments that a glacier deposits directly on the surface is called till.

The till deposited at the edges of a glacier forms a ridgecalled a moraine

A kettle is a small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till.