Haward Technology Middle East1Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)Section 9 Weld and Base Metal DiscontinuitiesHaward Technology Middle EastSection 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)Discontinuity!Any interr"ption in the "nifor# nat"re of an ite#$Haward Technology Middle East%Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)DiscontinuitiesSeams and lapsLaminationsWeld undercutWeld cracksWeld porosityMany othersHaward Technology Middle East&Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)DefectA non-conforming discontinuityAll discontinuities are not defectsAll defects are discontinuitiesHaward Technology Middle East'Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)Discontinuity !riticalityLinear - non-linear"nd condition - sharpnessSurface - su#-surfaceLoading - uniform$ non-uniform% &atigue% 'mpactHaward Technology Middle East(Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)!rackA fracture type discontinuity characteri(ed #y a sharp tipandhighratiooflengthand)idth*depth+to opening displacementHaward Technology Middle East)Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)!rack ,ypes-ot.coldDelayed.under#eadLongitudinal,rans/erse,hroat.toe.root-A0.#ase metaland many moreHaward Technology Middle East*Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)Longitudinal !rackHaward Technology Middle East9Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI),rans/erse !rackHaward Technology Middle East1+Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) ,hroat !rackHaward Technology Middle East11Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) ,oe !rackHaward Technology Middle East1Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) !rater !racks in Aluminum WeldHaward Technology Middle East1%Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)1ropagation of !rater !rack in Aluminum WeldHaward Technology Middle East1&Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)2nder#ead !racksHaward Technology Middle East1'Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)2nder#ead !racking3ften delayed cracking!aused #y hydrogenDifficult to detectA/oid )ith lo) -4 processHaward Technology Middle East1(Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)'ncomplete &usionA)elddiscontinuityin)hichfusiondidnotoccur #et)een )eld metal and fusion faces or ad5oining )eld #eads Haward Technology Middle East1)Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)Locations of 'ncomplete &usionHaward Technology Middle East1*Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)'ncomplete &usion at Weld &aceHaward Technology Middle East19Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)'ncomplete &usion Bet)eenWeld Metal and Base MetalHaward Technology Middle East+Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)6adiograph of Side-Wall 'ncomplete &usionHaward Technology Middle East1Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)'ncomplete 7oint 1enetrationWeld metal does not e8tend entirely through the 5oint thickness ,he term is used only for groo/e )eldsHaward Technology Middle EastSection 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)"8amples of 'ncomplete 7oint 1enetrationHaward Technology Middle East%Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)'ncomplete 7oint 1enetrationHaward Technology Middle East&Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)6adiograph of 1enetration &aultsat Bead Starts and StopsHaward Technology Middle East'Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)1artial 7oint 1enetration1enetration not re9uired to #e complete #y designerHaward Technology Middle East(Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)'nclusions"ntrappedforeignsolidmaterialsuchasslag$flu8$ tungsten or o8ideHaward Technology Middle East)Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) Surface Slag 'nclusionHaward Technology Middle East*Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)6adiograph of "longated Slag 'nclusionsHaward Technology Middle East9Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)6adiograph of ,ungsten 'nclusionsHaward Technology Middle East%+Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)1orosity!a/itytypediscontinuitiesformed#ygasentrapped during )eld metal solidificationHaward Technology Middle East%1Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)Scattered Surface 1orosityHaward Technology Middle East%Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)Linear Surface 1orosity )ith !onnecting !rackHaward Technology Middle East%%Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)'solated Surface 1orosityHaward Technology Middle East%&Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)"longated Surface 1orosityHaward Technology Middle East%'Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)6adiograph of Scattered 1orosityHaward Technology Middle East%(Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) 6adiograph of !luster 1orosityHaward Technology Middle East%)Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)6adiograph of Linear 1orosityHaward Technology Middle East%*Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)2ndercutA groo/emeltedintothe#asemetalad5acenttothe )eld toe or )eld root and left unfilled #y )eld metalHaward Technology Middle East%9Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI),ypical Appearance of 2ndercutHaward Technology Middle East&+Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)2ndercut Ad5acent to &illet WeldHaward Technology Middle East&1Section 9AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)6adiograph of Surface 2ndercutSurface undercut should #e found )ith :,$ ;3, 6,