Secondary Plan_Holy and Shah

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Enhancing the Livability of the Central Business District Of Revelstoke:A Secondary Plan Area by Lukas Holy & Tim Shah

PLAN 548L, The School of Community and Regional Planning University of British Columbia

December 2011



Introduction

Design Problem

Site Analysis

Master Plan

Design Opportunity: Three Avenues

Mackenzie Avenue

Campbell Avenue

Connaught Avenue

Movement and Connectivity

Zoning and Housing

Parking

Appendix 1. The Use of ElementsDB

References

234667

8910111213

Table of Contents

Mackenzie Avenue

14



The Secondary Plan area of focus is thecentral business district (CBD) of the City

of Revelstoke. The area is dened by threeavenues (Mackenzie, Connaught, andCampbell); each avenue has its own uniquecharacteristics. The focus of this SecondaryPlan is to help dene the character of thetree avenues in an effort to foster a greaterlivability in the CBD.

Design Problem

The three avenues in the CBD havethe potential to become distinct andcontinuous paths that help orient peoplesexperience within Revelstoke. Currently,the three avenues in the CBD appear

to be disconnected from one anotherand are under threat of losing theirindividual character and identity. Thecreation of identity within the CBD can beachieved through more diverse housingstock, commercial amenities and hotelunits , expansion of green space and a

commitment to heritage preservation. Withthe development of the Revelstoke Mountain

Resort, there will likely be increased demandfor commercial and residential uses in theCBD. While hotel units are desirable andimportant for sustaining the tourism economy,the downtown should not be developedexclusively for tourists. The CBD requiresdiverse and affordable housing choices forresidents. Balancing these two interestsis a difcult proposition. If the downtownbecomes a tourist hub rental prices forbusinesses and residences will rise. TheCBD is in danger of becoming exclusive anduninhabitable.

By providing a balance of opportunities

and mixed uses for residents and tourists,through the proposed delineation of the threeavenues, the downtown can become a placeof livability for all residents; it can enhancecommunity and public life, and begin toestablish authenticity and meaning.

Introduction

CAMPBELL AVENUE CONNAUGHT AVENUE MACKENZIE AVENUE

Goals• Enhance the identity of thethree avenues that make up the CBD• Create a sense of connectivitybetween the three great streets ofMackenzie, Connaught and Campbell• Ensure access and opportunityto the downtown for all residents andtourists• Provide housing affordabilitywithin the downtown through theprovision of rental units and seniors’housing• Encourage a sense ofparticipation among residents by

helping dene a green/open space

Context Map

The CBD in Reve



Master Plan

M a c K e n z i e A v e n

u e

3rd Street

2nd Street

1st Street

C o n n a u g h t A v e n

u e

C a m p b

e l l A

v e n u

e

Grocery Store

City Hall

Seniors Home

Court Yard

Court Yard Heritage Precinct

Pedestrian Zone

Pedestrian Zone

Diagonal Parking

Park MedianMaple Alley



MacKenzie Avenue

MacKenzie Avenue is a lively pedestrian strip in theCBD. It contains a mix of uses including a numberof cafes, bars, restaurants, and other amenities.MacKenzie Avenue would meet many of Jacobs and

Appleyard’s (1987) goals for urban life. MacKenzieprovides access to opportunity, imagination, and joyas the avenue extends the experience of residentsand tourists. The avenue offers a story of the past; itsauthenticity and meaning helps residents and touristsunderstand the city’s layout and its moral foundation.MacKenzie also has good walkability as evidenced bythe wide sidewalks and diverse array of street features.The unique character of MacKenzie avenue is denedby the relatively small scale of the building fabric thatsurrounds it.

Heritage Buildings

The site contains a number of heritage buildingssuch as the Revelstoke City Hall and the Museumand Archives. The OCP is explicit in stating thatany proposed development should not diminish theheritage value of the area (City of Revelstoke, 2009).The OCP encourages the retention of heritage featuresthroughout the community; along with taking a pro-active and visionary approach toward the preservationof heritage features (City of Revelstoke, 2009). The cityis considering expanding its heritage preservation zoneto encompass the buildings along MacKenzie avenue.(Orlando, 2011)

Lack of Green SpaceThe downtown does not offer a dened green open

space. To borrow from Randolph Hester, the site requiresa space that enables residents and tourists to learn,interact and connect to one another (Hester, 2008).

Shortage of Housing

The site does not offer any diversity of housing units.

According to the OCP, the housing rental stock has beendeclining in the city. With aspirations to increase thelivability and attractiveness of the downtown, there is anopportunity for the CBD to absorb some of the residentialgrowth. The shortage of rental units, seniors’ housingand hotel units can all be increased in the CBD.

Wasted Space

Currently the CBD has large vacant areas, parking lots,wide alleys and a discontinuous street frontage. TheUnied Development Bylaw’s (UDB) illustrative plans,identies a number of gaps in the built form. One goal

to improve the public realm is to inll these holes bybuilding over existing underdeveloped portions of lots,

such as surface parking lots (City of Revelstoke, 2011).The specic goal is to create a continuous buildingwall that helps frame the street. The UDB explains howgiving the streets walls can create a more comfortableenvironment to walk in by increasing visual interest,framing the view along the street, and dening thepublic space. The block with the Power Springs Motel isevidence of a discontinuous and wasteful street frontage.

Campbell Avenue

Campbell Avenue is the widest street in the CBD andruns directly from the railway to the waterfront . Currently,it is an avenue that provides diagonal parking from1stto 3rd street. It has a unique layout within the city grid

because of its historical use as the railway spur thatconnected the main line to the river. An elaborationon the opportunities of Campbell is provided in lattersections.

Site AnalysisExisting Figure Ground

Proposed Figure Ground

Diagonal Parking on Campbell AvePoorly used street frontage



The CBD can become well dened throughthe development of three avenues includingMacKenzie, Connaught and Campbell.Each avenue presently has its own uniquecharacteristics; however, there does notappear to be good connectivity between theavenues. This presents an opportunity to notonly foster a greater connection betweenthe avenues, but to further enhance theircharacteristics in ways that dene andcomplement one another.

A legible city, as described by Kevin Lynch,is made up of well developed elements suchas: paths, districts, nodes and landmarks.Mackenzie, Connaught, and Campbell serveas distinct paths. By encouraging thesepaths to develop their unique characteristicsthe CBD can be made more legible (Lynch,1960). Creating continuity along the threeavenues is a goal of this proposal.

The Importance of Great Streets

“Great Streets”, by Allan Jacobs, illustratesseveral great streets from around theworld. Jacobs specically explains how the

interplay of human activity with the physicalplace has an enormous amount to do withthe greatness of a s treet. Furthermore, agreat street should help make community;should facilitate people acting andinteracting to achieve in concert what theymight not achieve alone (Jacobs, 1993).

Similar to the goal of livability, a greatstreet should be a desirable place to be,to spend time, to live, to play, and to work.At the same time a great street markedlycontributes to what a city should be; streetsare settings for activities that bring peopletogether (Jacobs, 1993). Jacobs thinks that

streets should encourage socialization andparticipation of people in the community;they serve as locations of public expression.If designed well, they can be comfortableand safe; they create and leave strong,lasting, positive impressions, they catch theeye and the imagination.

Design Opportunity: Three Avenues

Kevin Lynch map of elements that encourage a legible str

Heritage DistrictGreen Spine

Grocery Store

City Hall

2

Connaught Ave. Mackenzie Ave.Campbell Ave.

LEGEND

Pa

No

La

Dis

Cours Mirabeau in Aix-en-Provence has a simillar character to that ofCampbell Ave.



The Grizzly Plaza is a hub of pedestrianactivity; it is a successful community gatheringspace. The city calls it the entertainment centreof Revelstoke’s historic downtown (City ofRevelstoke, 2011). This pedestrian environmentextends along MacKenzie from the plaza to 3rdstreet. Jacobs (1993) explains, the essential

purpose of a street which gives it a specialcharacter is its sociability. MacKenzie Avenuealready serves this function and its pedestriannode at the north end of the avenue is a popularspot for summer festivals. This provides a senseof place in addition to access to opportunity,imagination and joy as residents and touristscan experience a special part of Revelstoke’sculture (Jacobs, 1993).

The avenue has a compact form with lowbuildings (1-2 storeys) and a narrow streetfrontage. There is evidence of pedestrianinfrastructure such as tree plantings, benchesand sculptures which create a more pleasant

and enjoyable walking experience. Thecombination of these street and buildingcharacteristics on MacKenzie Avenue offera pedestrian environment for interaction andaccess to various amenities. Heritage buildingson Mackenzie avenue should be preserved;any new buildings should employ vernculararchitecture.

MacKenzie Avenue

Inviting Pedestrian Realm

Vernacular Architecture along the high streeHeritage Buildings and Public Art

Precedent



There is an opportunity to transformthe parallel parking lanes of CampbellAvenue into a public green space inthe middle of the town. This wouldenhance a natural link from theCBD to the waterfront. Campbell is

identied as an opportunity site in theUDB.

The highest buildings in the CBD areproposed for Campbell. The width ofthe avenue justies a larger buildingscale.

The proposal for Campbell Avenue isinspired by the prominent Paseo deGracia in Barcelona. This street hassimilar characteristics to Campbell.Both streets have wide sidewalks thataccomodate an alley of trees. Theproposal aims to develop an active

street frontage on Campbell Avenue.Retail and commercial outlets will beprovided at street level. The amenitiescan attract tourists and residents andbring them closer to the green space.

Green spine

The central idea behind makingCampbell a “great street” is toprovide a public space. The idea ofa green spine is a close spacing oftrees running along the avenue from1st to 3rd. The green spine is not onlyan accessibility feature, but it ts with

one of Jacobs & Appleyard’s goals of

urban life: community and public life.Indeed, the public space we createthrough the green spine is open toall members of the community. It isa meeting point for residents andprovides them with an opportunity to

actively engage with the space andthe citizens that embody it.

Trees are to be added at the curblines, if close enough to each otherthey will create a pedestrian zone thatfeels safe. As Allan Jacobs once said“the best streets are comfortable, atleast as comfortable as they can bein their settings; they offer warmth orsunlight when it is cool and shadeand coolness when it is hot”. (Jacobs,1993, p.139)

Campbell Avenue

Kurfurstendamm, Berlin

Paseo de Gracia,

Precedent

Local Grocery Chain Single Lane Trafc

Diagonal Parking

Trail

Iconic Sign

4 to 5 Story Residential

Diagonal Parking Large Re

Two Story E



Connaught Avenue is the middle street betweenMacKenzie and Campbell. It would be home tohotels, residential dwellings and ofce uses. Thisavenue is meant to be a reprieve from the vibrantand lively streets of Campbell and MacKenzie. On

this quiet avenue, residents and tourists will havea space in the CBD that offers all the benets ofurbanity, with the exception of commercial and retailoutlets. The intention of this street is to offer a placeof residence for families, seniors and lower incomeresidents of Revelstoke, along with hotel units forvisitors and tourists. There are a few proposedmixed use buildings on this avenue with the rstoor designated for ofce uses.

Despite the vision of Connaught Avenue as beinga quieter escape from the other two avenues,it will still be pedestrian friendly. For instance,benches help people stay on the street; they invitea presence by permitting rest, conversation, waiting

for a friend, passing the time (Jacobs, 1993). Thedensity of the CBD will make Connaught work justas well as the other two avenues. Connaught canstill be a great walking environment at night withoutall of the noise from the entertainment venues alongthe sister streets.

Allan Jacobs says “part of a street’s specialcharacter when no one is on them may be thecontrast with how we normally experience them,that is, with people” (Jacobs, 1993, p. 303).By having people living along streets such asConnaught, the streets become activated andhelp make a community for them. Density does notimply crowdedness, but instead, it will help shape

the character of Connaught by bringing peopletogether not through pubs, but through its morecalm character.

Connaught Avenue

Brock St., Bath

Precedent

3 to 4 StoryResidential

Limited OfceSpace

Narrow setbackCollumnar Trees



Enhancing Walkability

Gordon Cullen introduces the concept of serialvision in his book “The Concise Townscape”. Whena pedestrian is walking from one place to another,at a uniform pace, this can provide a sequence of

revelations; this progress of travel is illuminated bya series of sudden contrasts and so an impact ismade to the eye, bringing the path to life. Thus, thisserial vision provides a scenery of the town which isrevealed in a series of jerks of revelations (Cullen,1996). This concept can be illustrated through awalking tour which leads pedestrians through theCBD.

Cullen explains that a walking experience shouldhave “punctuation”. In the continuing narrative ofthe walking tour, function and pattern change fromplace to place; this should be acknowledged bysome physical signal. The walking tour has distinctlandmarks such as the grocery store, the green spine

of Campbell and City Hall. These features create aninterruption in the walk or a punctuation on the street(Cullen, 1996).

CourtyardsTwo courtyards are proposed; both are in the blocksbetween MacKenzie and Connaught between 1stand 3rd. Courtyards are features that allow forpermeability between the three avenues. Inside ofthese courtyards, there is a sense of quietness andenclosure as the buildings form a cohesive spacearound them. Courtyards are not only spaces thatenhance connectivity between the avenues, but areaccess points for residents and tourists. They canenable interaction; provide a sense of place and

increase the overall appeal of being in downtown.Courtyards also enable people-watching and culturalanimation programmes (Cullen, 1996).

2nd street

A number of mixed use buildings have beenproposed on 2nd street. These mixed use buildingsprovide commercial/retail outlets on the rst oor inthe form of entertainment venues such as bars and

pubs, and service outlets such as clothing stores andcafes. These amenities can attract people to the CBD. 2nd street has wider sidewalks, trees that are closerin spacing, and pedestrian furniture such as benchesand plantings intended to enhance pedestrian life.2nd is also the connector street that bridges the CBDwith other parts of the city. For instance, it bridges theCBD to the old school site.

Improving opportunities for cycling

According to the Revelstoke Active TransportationPlan, the city is proposing a secondary cycling routealong 3rd street. The proposed route will run throughthe CBD and will be a vital component of enhancing

the transition and connectivity between the threeavenues. The route can also bridge CBD to otherparts of Central Revelstoke. Additional bike parkingis recommended for the CBD, especially to offerresidents to travel to and from the downtown usingtheir bicycles The UDB supports this as better cyclinginfrastructure could lessen the need for car parking.

Movement and ConnectivityConnections

LEGEND

Primary Connections

Pedestrian Conncetions

Proposed Bikepath

Landmark

Green Spine Grocery Store Sign CGrizzly Plaza

Tin House Court, Ottawa

C o n n a u g h t A v e .

B o y l e A v e .

M a c K e n z i e A v e .

C a m p b e l l A v e .

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

Serial Vision

Courtyard Precedent

Old School



Context

In the OCP, the CBD is identied as thecommercial core of the community. The CBDis currently zoned as C-1 commercial businessdistrict. This areas encourages a mix of uses

so that the community can live, work andplay downtown. Street level developmentis encouraged to be retail or high-trafcbusinesses and ofces and residential areencouraged on the upper levels of the buildings(City of Revelstoke, 2009).

Mixed Use Buildings

A number of mixed use buildings in theCBD have been proposed to be consistentwith the OCP. The OCP is encouraging newdevelopment and redevelopment to be mixeduse projects incorporating complimentaryuses in a single development (i.e. consider

combining more than one of the followinguses: residential, commercial, open spaceetc). This proposal is also consistent the city’saspirations to accommodate smart growth byinll and densication of existing and proposedneighbourhoods (City of Revelstoke, 2009).Having different buildings that are designed fora mix of uses and destinations can attract mixesof people from all over the city (Jacobs, 1993).

Proposing new buildings

Grocery Store:

The grocery store is proposed to be located at

the corner of 3rd and Campbell Ave. It wouldserve the residents and tourists of the CBD andsupport the vibrancy of the area. The grocerystore will serve the needs of visitors and the newresidents of the CBD. In terms of the accessof the site, the grocery store is planned to be

in close proximity to the seniors’ home. Thisgrocery store will provide semi-undergroundparking with one-bed dwelling units on top.

Seniors’ Home:

The OCP states that social, special needs, andseniors’ housing is limited in the city. This is aconcern with an aging population and declininghousing stock. The proposal of a seniors’ homewith sixty units can initiate a process of seniors’home construction. One policy in the OCP isto provide sufcient services to meet seniors’needs, encouraging them to stay in Revelstoke,through an Aging in Place Plan and a SocialPlan (City of Revelstoke, 2009). In terms ofparking, the requirement could be 0.5 spacesper unit as done in West Hollywood’s Seniorhousing (SCANPH, 2004). This translates into30 parking spaces for the seniors’ home to beprovide on-site.

Zoning and Land Use

Proposed Land Use

RESIDENTIAL

MIXED USE

HOTEL

RETAIL

CIVIC



Residential Units

In the UDB, the downtown is zoned as T-5 residentialwhich would stipulate the creation of more residentialunits. In particular, a T-5 transect would be a dense,mixed use habitat for the community; buildingsinclude apartment houses and ofces above shops,buildings are a maximum of ve storeys and openspace consists of squares and plazas (Talen, 2002).In 2005, at least 250 individuals and families wereexperiencing a core housing need shortage (City ofRevelstoke, 2009). In light of the design problem,and the need to accommodate housing and touristsin the downtown; the aim is to add 598 dwellingresidential units to the CBD. These dwelling unitswill take the form of one-bedroom, two-bedroom,and three-bedroom units at 55m2, 70m2, and 85m2 respectively, as reected in the zoning by-law ofRevelstoke (City of Revelstoke, 1984).

Hotel units and tourismAccording to the OCP, the city will encourage hotelsand associated tourists uses in the CBD. Dealingwith the growth of tourism in the CBD is of greatimportance. As the city grows in the coming years,and competes with the Revelstoke Mountain Resort,there will be a rise in demand for hotel units. Marketdemand will ultimately determine the number of hotelunits to be provided. By allocating a certain numberbuildings designated for hotel units, the marketcould respond in deciding how many units shouldbe constructed. Based on the buildings proposed,the CBD could offer 136 hotel units. Parkingrequirements will be 0.25 parking spaces per unit,

consistent with the Los Angeles Municipal Code(SCANPH, 2004). Therefore, 34 parking spaces willhave to be provided.

Affordable Housing

In the OCP, there is explicit discussion of affordablehousing and the city’s recognition that it is needed.Affordable housing in the OCP is dened as “safe,appropriate housing that is affordable for the

income levels of all community residents (City ofRevelstoke, 2009). One of the community goalsis to provide diverse housing needs in the form ofaffordable rental, market, and non-market housingfor the community – this is to be consistent with theStrategic Community Housing Plan.

Inclusionary Zoning to Address AffordableHousing

Inclusionary zoning is a regulatory instrumentavailable to local government that either encouragesor requires the provision of affordable housing aspart of residential developments (Metro Vancouver,

2007). In Vancouver, the City has required 20%of the units in major residential projects to bedesignated for social housing since 1988 (MetroVancouver, 2007). In the zoning-bylaw of Revelstoke,section 8.1.2 explains how increased density canbe achieved if the 15% of all residential units areaffordable (City of Revelstoke). Using this number,15% of the proposed 598 residential units will beaffordable. These affordable housing units are to bedispersed across the proposed buildings in the CBDto mix income groups, and avoid segregation.

Proposed Residential Distribution

Housing

ONE BEDROOM

TWO BEDROOM

THREE BEDROOM



Parking

With anticipated population growth along with a growing tourism economy, the CBD willrequire additional parking units. There currently exists a shortage of parking and this willonly be exacerbated with future growth and demand. Policies that result in limiting thesupply of parking are an effective way to reduce the costs of constructing and providingparking (Forinash et al., 2002). However, too much parking can be more damaging thanbenecial. The UDB states that an important means of improving the public realm is to

reduce the amount of surface parking, especially downtown, and on commercial streets(City of Revelstoke, 2011).

In the Revelstoke zoning by-law, it states that 1.5 parking spaces shall be provided foreach dwelling unit (City of Revelstoke, 1984). 1.5 parking spaces could be reduced to 1per dwelling unit under the justication that the CBD is compact and conducive for othertransportation modes. With 598 dwelling units, this would mean 1 parking space for eachunit.

Parking requirements drive up the cost of development and could result in less housingunits as a result (SCANPH, 2004). Parking requirements can also make it more difcultfor developers to provide open spaces, amenities and affordable housing units. Parkingspaces are expensive, some have cited such spaces costing upwards of $30,000(Willson, 2005). Shared parking is an alternative planners can employ when settingparking requirements in mixed use areas. Forinash et al., (2002) offer an example: an

ofce that has peak parking demand during the daytime hours can share the same poolof parking spaces with a restaurant whose demand peaks in the evening. Shared parkingcan decrease the total number of spaces required for mixed-use developments (Forinash,et al., 2002). This model could be applied to the city.

Determining Parking Demand

Type of Parking Land use/Location Total

Underground* Mixed use with ofce, 2ndand commercial

200

Underground Mixed use, block onCampbell between 2nd and3rd

200

Parallel 1st, 2nd and 3rd streets 200

Diagonal Diagonal parking onCampbell

25

Shared To be determined bymarket/city

66

691

* The UDB is supportive of underground parking. Reducing parking, coupled with densitybonusing can encourage underground parking with the development of entire City blocks(City of Revelstoke, 2011).

Residential: 598 parking spaces (1.0 parking spaces for dwelling unit)Commercial: Using Portland, Oregon’s CBD parking requirements; 1.0 parking space per

1,000 square feet = 76Ofce: Using Portland, Oregon’s CBD parking requirements, 0.7 parking space per 1,000square feet = 17Total parking demand: 598+76+17 = 691

For the 66 outstanding parking spaces that cannot be accommodated directly on-site,developers can pay in-lieu parking fees as an alternative to providing on-site parking.Developers would circumvent parking on-site by paying the city a fee. In return,Revelstoke provides a centralized facility, or an existing underground parking structure,that is available for use by the development’s tenants and visitors (Forinash et al., 2002).

Summary:Reducing parking requirements and using a shared parking system will free up capital fordevelopers. This could enable them to achieve bonus density if they include the following:• The developer dedicates community amenity space to public use, such as

community gardens, playgrounds, trails, and other recreational areas (City of Revelstoke,2009, p. 40 of OCP)• Provision of affordable housing units in light of the capital saved from reduceparking requirements

Conclusion

The central business district of Revelstoke was the focus of this Secondary Plan. TheCBD already has three distinct avenues of (MacKenzie, Connaught, and Campbell); theproposal is meant to better dene these avenues to become great streets. Better deningthese avenues could lead to improved liveability, community and inclusion for the CBD.The proposed Secondary Plan denes these avenues and creates a sense of connectivitybetween them. To meet other goals of the plan, several mixed use buildings have beenproposed for a diverse housing stock such as seniors’ housing for the aging populationand affordable housing units for lower income residents. Commercial amenities, ofce

uses and hotel units would also be added to the site. The creation of a green spine onCampbell has many benets and links the grocery store with heritages buildings andsites such as the Grizzly Plaza. Using an inclusionary zoning target of 15%, a number ofaffordable units can be provided. Finally, parking is a planner’s dilemma, but by usinga shared parking model combined with reducing parking requirements, the CBD canencourage walking, cycling and transit use. This ultimately improves the public realm byspending the saved capital on open spaces, courtyards, and affordable housing - all ofwhich benet the entire community.



Appendix 1. The Use of ElementsDB

ElementsDB was useful when we were exploring different building typologies for our site.The identity, attribute and referent categories were all very clear and easy to follow. TheFloor Area Ratio (FAR) was the most useful metric offered by the building typologies. FARassisted us in calculating the total number of residential and hotel units we could offer atour site. The le preview option was also helpful for us. Looking at a building in a 3D model

view, 3D oor view and site plan gave us further ideas about how building typologies aremeasured and displayed.

We may have felt more inclined to use ElementsDB more actively if we had a longerworkshop on it. We found the workshop useful, however, at that point, it was too early asgroups had not started their Secondary Plan areas. Having a workshop later in the term(as a follow up to the rst one) could be advantageous as students can learn how to useElementsDB directly for their Secondary Plan areas.



ReferencesBoulevard Transportation Group Ltd. (2010). Revelstoke Active Transportation Plan: City of Revelstoke, BC.

Accessed online: http://www.physicalactivi tystrategy.ca/pdfs/BEAT/TPlans/City%20Revelstoke_Active%20Transportation%20Plan.pdf

City of Revelstoke. (1984). City of Revelstoke Zoning Bylaw No. 1264, 1984. Accessed online:http://www.cityofrevelstoke.com/DocumentView.aspx?DID=305

City of Revelstoke. (2009). City of Revelstoke Ofcial Community Plan. Accessed online:http://www.cityofrevelstoke.com/index.aspx?NID=163

City of Revelstoke. (2011). Unied Development Bylaw: Illustrative Plans. Accessed online:http://revelstokeudb.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Appendix-7-Illustrative-Plans-small.pdf

City of Revelstoke. (2011). Historic Grizzly Plaza. Accessed online:http://revelstokecc.bc.ca/vacation/revelstoke_attractions_grizzly_plaza.htm

Cullen, G. (1996). The Concise Townscape. Oxford, England: Architectural Press

Forinash, C.V., Millard-Ball, A., Dougherty, C & J Tumlin. (2002). Smart Growth Alternatives to Minimum Parking Requirements. Accessed online: http://www.urbanstreet.in fo/2nd_sym_proceedings/Volume%202/Forinash_session_7.pdf

Hester, R. (2008). Design for Ecological Democracy. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Jacobs, A. (1993). Great Streets. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Jacobs, A., and Appleyard, D. (1987). Toward an Urban Design Manifesto. Journal of the American Planning Association,53 (1), 112-120.

Lynch, K. (1981). A theory of good city form. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Metro Vancouver. (2007). Overview of Inclusionary Zoning Policies for Affordable Housing. Accessed online:http://www.inclusionaryhousing.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/ResourceCA_MetroVan.pdf

Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 3(1), 93-116.

Orlando, A. (2011, July 13). City to create new business district heritage conservation area. Revelstoke Times Review. Accessed from:http://www.revelstoketimesreview.com/news/125472393.html

Southern California Association of Non-Prot Housing. (2004). Parking Requirements Guide for Affordable Housing Developers.Accessed online: http://www.scanph.org/les/Parking%20Requirements%20Guide_forweb.pdf

Talen, E. (2002). Help for Urban Planning: The Transect Strategy. Journal of Urban Design, 7(3), 293-312.

Willson, R. (2005). Parking Policy for Transit-Oriented Development: Lessons for Cities, Transit Agencies and Developers. Journal of Public Transportation, 8(5), 79-94.

Documents

Secondary Plan_Holy and Shah