Secondary Forests – Three Products

1.Survey of growth rates – effects of fire

2.Survey of remote sensing activities – classification schemes?

3.Educational booklet

Legacy of Fire Slows Carbon Accumulation in Amazonian Forest Regrowth

Daniel Zarin, Eric Davidson, Eduardo Brondizio, Ima Vieira, Tatiana Sá, Ted Feldpausch, Rita Mesquita, Emilio Moran, Patricia Delamônica, Mark Ducey, Cleber Salimon, Manfred Denich

University of Florida, Woods Hole Research Center, Indiana University, Museu Goeldi, EMBRAPA-Amazonia Oriental, Cornell University, INPA,

University of New Hampshire, University of Sao Paulo, University of Bonn.

GSDY

0 200 400 600 800 1000

AB

A (

Mg

ha-1

)

0

100

200

300

400

Post-disturbance Aboveground BiomassAccumulation in Global Secondary Forests

(Broadleaf Stands, N = 147)

Adapted from: Johnson CM,Zarin DJ & Johnson AH. 2000. Ecology 81:1395-1401.

GSDY = (STAND AGE)(GSL)(GST)

where:

GSDY = Growing-season degree-yearsGSL = Growing season length (days/365)

GST = Growing season temperature

ABAnon-sandy = 0.67 + 0.43(GSDY)

N = 147, R2 = 0.86, P < 0.001

ABAsandy = -65.73 + 23.86 ln(GSDY)

N = 40, R2 = 0.63, P < 0.001

Global scale:

Reduced carbon accumulation relative to model prediction is associated with fire history

• y = - 0.119 – 0.213x– Intercept not

significantly different from zero (P = 0.56)

– Slope is highly significant (P < 0.001)

– R2 = 0.11

Number of burns

0 2 4 6 8 10

Ann

ualiz

ed o

bser

ved

- pr

edic

ted

(Mg

C h

a-1

y-1 )

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

A Survey of Remote Sensing Methods for Mapping Second Growth Forests in

AmazôniaDar A. Roberts1, William Salas2

1 Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara2Applied Geosolutions, Durham, NH

Interesting Research Questions

• How much is there?• Where does it originate? (previous land-use

or land cover)• How much carbon does it accumulate?• How long does it persist?• How is remote sensing used to help answer

these questions?

Objectives

• Develop a survey to determine how remote sensing is used to map second growth in the LBA community

• Important questions– How are remote sensing scientists defining second growth?

– Where are they working?

– What kinds of data are they using?

– How are the data preprocessed?

– Which classification techniques were used to map it?

– What kinds of products were produced?

– Is the study supported with plot data?

– What other types of ancillary data do they have?

Example question• 7) Which remote sensing parameters have you extracted for second growth? Please consider the following list. If some

are missing, please add them in the space available:• Remote sensing parameters extracted• Spectral properties• Sensor• Units (DNs, TOA Refl, Surface Refl.)• Atmospheric Correction? (If so, how?)• Radiometric Nomalization? (If so, how?)• Biophysical properties (if an equation was used, please specify)• LAI• APAR• Fractional Cover• Biomass• Height• Other ______• Areal measures (Specify unit of study area (ie, scene based, municipio)• Second growth extent• Ratio of SG/Cleared lands• Other _______• Temporal Measures• Second growth age• Successional state (seral stage?)• Persistence of second growth• (mean residence time, max/min, percentiles)• Additional Measures

Study Locations

Brondizio/Moran

Lucas, RobertsSteininger

Alves

Brondizio/Moran

Brondizio/Moran

Vieira

Hagen/SalasLucas

Brondizio/Moran

Steininger

Lucas, RobertsSteininger

Hagen/Salas

Roberts

Roberts

Brondizio/Moran

Brondizio/Moran

AlencarBrondizio/MoranHagen/Salas

Vieira

Synthesis Activities

• Possible uses of survey results– Site comparisons

• Ariquemes (Roberts, Salas)• Machadinho (Roberts, Batistella/Lu)• Manaus (Roberts, Lucas, Steininger)• Pará (Multiple sites, Salas, Alencar, Moran/Brondizio)

– Compare techniques, classification schemes and measures• How consistent are classifications of “initial,” “intermediate,” and

“advanced” successional stages among studies?• e.g., do the intermediate staged forests share common features of

vegetation structure and spectral properties despite differences in age among studies?

– Basin Wide Synthesis (Salas)• Synthesis of basin wide mapping (MSU, INPE, Asner) with detailed

site studies and multitemporal analysis• Requires “normalization” of definitions, methods and results

Educational booklet

• Audience: introductory undergraduates

• Topics:– Definitions of successional forests (floristics, structure, spectral

properties)

– Processes of secondary forest succession (theoretical background of succession, species dynamics)

– Ecosystem functions and services (carbon and nutrients, hydrology, habitat for biodiversity)

– Mapping and monitoring secondary forests of Amazonia

– Potential importance of secondary forests in future scenarios of development/conservation in the Amazon

Time Lines• Survey of growth rates – effects of fire

– Done! Paper submitted to Ecological Letters – Zarin et al.

• Survey of remote sensing activities – classification schemes?

– First responses received– Follow up in progress – to be completed by end of 2004 –

Dar Roberts, Bill Salas, Mateus Batistella– Merge data from the two surveys – 2004 – Roberts and

Zarin– Analyses and write-up during 2005

• Educational booklet– Revise outline – 2004 – Cleber Salimon and Eric Davidson– Solicit contributions – 2005 – 3-6 contributors (Batistella,

Vieira, Salimon, Davidson, Zarin, Perz, Roberts, others?– Synthesis and editing – Sylvia Bahri, Brazilian university

professors?