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Secondary beam production with fragment separators. Introduction Application Statistics Reaction Mechanisms New features New utilities Optimization procedures Perspectives. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 1
Secondary beam production with fragment separatorsSecondary beam production with fragment separators
Introduction
Application
Statistics
Reaction Mechanisms
New features
New utilities
Optimization procedures
Perspectives
The code operates under MS Windows environment and provides a highly user-friendly interface. It can be freely downloaded from the following internet address:
http://www.nscl.msu/edu/lise
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 2
20 years of the LISE code20 years of the LISE code
The program LISE 1) is designed to predict intensities and purities for the planning of future experiments using radioactive beams with in-flight separators, as well as for tuning experiments where its results can be quickly compared to on-line data. An application of transport integral 2) lies in the basis of fast calculations of the program for the estimation of temporary evolution of phase space distributions. 1) D.Bazin et al., NIM A 482 (2002) 314; O.B.Tarasov, et al., NPA 701 (2002) 661-665. 2) D.Bazin and B.Sherrill, Phys.Rev.E50 (1994) 4017.
1986-1991D.Bazin, GANIL
v.1.0-2.0
LISE REFERENCE MANUAL Version 2.2 - June 8, 1992 ….
LISE is a DOS-based software running on any IBM compatible PC. It runs under DOS 3.1 and following versions, and only needs 640 kbytes of memory. The speed of the program depends greatly on the CPU type, speed and configuration. The use of a co-processor is greatly recommended: the program uses FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithms which contain extensive floating-point operations.The last version has been developed on a 386-SX at 16 MHz with a co-processor which provides a reasonable speed (about 1 second per transmission calculation).
The deliberate choice of personal computers (PCs) to implement the program was made for two reasons:
* to make use of user-friendly features (menus, etc.);
* so that the program could be used in different laboratories worldwide without modification.
Evolution shows this was a good choice!
IBM sold PCs in 1992 twice more than in 1991 after release the LISE version 2.2.
1991-1993D.Bazin, MSU
O.Sorlin, Orsayv.2.1-2.3
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 3
20 years of the LISE code20 years of the LISE code
1994-1997O.T., GANILv.2.3 – 2.9
Corrections, Modifications (compound target, compensating dipole)
LISE operates under MS Windows1998O.T., GANIL
v.3.1
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20 years of the LISE code20 years of the LISE code
1999-2000O.T., GANIL
v.3.2-4.9
Active development of the LISE code stimulated by
M.Lewitowicz
LISE for Excel.
It includes even transmission calculations.
2001NSCL / MSUv.4.10 –5.12
Active development of the LISE code stimulated by B.Sherrill.Abrasion-Ablation model construction, ATIMA implementation
2002NSCL / MSUv.5.13 –5.15
Fusion residues transmission 1). PACE4 implementation.First reference 2) since 16 years!
1) O.Tarasov and D.Bazin, NIM B 204 (2003) 174. 2) D.Bazin et al., NIM A 482 (2002) 314.
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 5
20 years of the LISE code20 years of the LISE code
2003NSCL / MSU
v.6
LISE++.1) is the new generation of the LISE code, which allows the creation of a spectrometer through the use of different “blocks”.
1) Nuclear Physics A746 (2004) 411-414
2004NSCL / MSU
v.7.1
Convolution Model of momentum distributions of projectile fragmentation products developed in the LISE framework 1)
Coulomb Fission 2)
1) Nuclear Physics A734 (2004) 536-540 2) EPJ A25 (2005) 751
2005NSCL / MSU
v.7.5
Abrasion – FissionTech.report NSCL MSU, MSUCL-1300
2006NSCL / MSU
v.7.9
Fusion – Fission (P31)
2007NSCL / MSU
v.8.0
Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmissionFragment production in material (P35)
Plans to develop LISE++ was announced 5 years ago on the EMIS14 conference (Victoria, Canada)
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 6
Main FeaturesMain Features
Fast analytical calculations(Monte Carlo calculations are available too)
Reaction mechanisms Projectile FragmentationFusion-EvaporationFusion-Fission Coulomb FissionAbrasion-Fission
Highly user friendly environmentBuilt-in help support
Ion charge state distribution calculations (4 methods)
Range and energy loss in material calculations(4 methods)
Contribution of secondary reactions in the target
Fragment production in Material
Different selection methods
Optics («Transport» matrices are used)
Built-in powerful tools Physical Calculator LISE for Excel Nuclide and Isomeric states* Databases utilities Relativistic Reaction Kinematics Calculations Curved degrader calculation PACE4 – evaporation MC code for Windows The spectrometric handbook of J.Kantele &
Units converter Codes “Global” & “Charge”
(charge state distributions) Range optimization utility “Brho” analyzer, Solenoid (Twinsol)* &
ISOL-catcher* utilities Transport envelope packet package “Evaporation” calculator Automatical search of two-dimensional peaks
in experimental spectra
The LISE++ code can be used at low-energy, medium-energy and high-energy facilities (fragment- and recoil-separators with electrostatic and/or magnetic selections).
A number of these facilities, like LISE3, SISSI/LISE3 and SPEG at GANIL, FRS and SuperFRS at GSI, COMBAS at Dubna, A1900 and S800 at NSCL, RIPS and BigRIPS at RIKEN, based on the separation of
projectile-like and fission fragments are included or can be easily added to the existing configuration files.
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 7
LISE++ in actionLISE++ in action
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Application: World Wide UsedApplication: World Wide Used
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Reaction mechanisms
2. Recently performed and incoming experiments in 2007 devoted to new neutron-rich isotopes produc-tion by different reaction mechanisms:
a) Projectile fragmentation, transfer reactions: 48Ca(140MeV/u) +W February New isotope: 44Si
b) Projectile fragmentation, transfer reactions: 48Ca(140MeV/u) +W March-April New isotopes 40Mg, 42Al, 43Al
c) In-flight fission of 238U(80MeV/u) April-March New isotopes (preliminary): 123Rh?, ***
d) In-flight fission of 238U(345MeV/u) +Be May-June New isotopes 125Pd, ***
e) Fusion-fission 238U(24MeV/u)+Be September-October
f) …
1. Some models have been developed and several reaction mechanisms have been implemented re-cently the LISE++ code to calculate the transmis-sion and yields of fragments produced and col-lected in a spectrometer due to that fact LISE++ became by important tool to explore the drip-lines.
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 10
Projectile fragmentation & Transfer reactions
NSCL / MSU
40Mg, 42,43Al T.Baumann et al., submitted 44Si O.T. et al.,
Phys. Rev. C 75, 064613 (2007)
LISE++ Abrasion-Dissipation-Ablation model (ADA) /under construction/
LISE++ Abrasion-Ablation cannot explain production cross section
dependences from target properties (size, N/Z ratio) and
projectile energy. No explanation for pickup
contribution
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 11
Abrasion-Fission
The basic complexity in the case of Abrasion-Fission is the fact that there are more than 1000 fis-sile nuclei (see Fig.1) after abrasion of a fast heavy projec-tile by a target compared to only
one fissile nucleus in the case of Coulomb fission. To overcome this problem, a model with three-excitation energy regions has been de-veloped in the LISE++ framework, that suggests just three fissile nu-clei for different excitation energy regions, which are calculated by us-ing LISE++ Abrasion-Ablation model (see Fig.2). The excitation region (low, middle, high) is determined by three parameters: excitation en-ergy, cross-section, and fissile nucleus (A,Z). To calculate AF fission production for each excitation energy region the code uses the following approach 2) : Calculation of the initial fission matrix of production cross–sections
for excited fragments uses the semi-empirical model 3) with the charge distribution modification;
Post-scission nucleon emission is the final stage. Use of the LisFus method 4) to define the number of post-scission.
Fig2. The “Abrasion-Fission” dialog after AF settings cal-culations.
References:
1. M.Bernas, et al., Nucl.Phys. A725 (2003) 213. 2. O.T., Eur.Phys.J. A 25, Supplement 1, 751 (2005)
3. J.Benlliure et al., Nucl.Phys. A628 (1998) 458. 4. O.T. and D.Bazin, NIM B204 (2003) 174-178.
Fig.1. Calculated fission de-excitation channels after the abrasion of 238U(1AGeV) by a lead target. The most probable fissile nuclei in the excitation energy regions are shown in the figure.
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 12
Abrasion – Fission: three excitation energy regions model
Fig.2. Calculated excitation distribution of fissile nuclei produced in the reaction 238U(80AMeV)+Be.
Fig.4. Mass distributions of Z=40 isotopes fission fragments in the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+Pb.
Fig.5. Isotopic production cross-sections for fission products (Z=40) from the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+p obtained in work [Ber03] and calculated by the LISE AF model.
Fig.3. Measured [Enq99] and calculated by LISE elemental fission cross-sections for the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+Pb. Contributions from different EERs are shown in the plot also.
Fig.1. Calculated excitation distribution of fissile nuclei produced in the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+Pb.
[Enq99] T.Enqvist et al., Nucl.Phys. A658 (1999) 47-66. [Ber03] M.Bernas et al, Nucl.Phys. A725 (2003) 213-253.
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 13
Abrasion-Fission Coulomb fission
“LISE++ development: Abrasion-Fission”, Tech. Rep. MSUCL-1300, September 2005, 131 pages“LISE++ development: Coulomb Fission”, Tech. Rep. MSUCL-1299, September 2005, 64 pages
RIKEN (May,2007)T.Kubo et al.,
(see O43 by T.Ohnishi)MSU (April, 2007) A.Nettelton et al.
Search for new isotopes and isomers
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 14
Fusion-Fission
A new LISE++ fusion-fission model for fast calculations of fusion-fission fragment cross sections has been developed basing on: The Bass algorithm to estimate complete
fusion cross section 1) (see Fig.1). The fast analytical evaporation model LisFus 2) to calculate a fission channel
value as well as deexcitation of fission fragments. Use of the LisFus method to define the number of post-scission nucleons enables the user to make a rapid qualitative estimate of the final fission fragment yield.
The semi-empirical model of J.Benlliure 3) which describes the formation of excited prefragment due to the nuclear collisions and their consecutive decay. B.’s model describes the fission properties of a large number of fissioning nu-clei are a wide range of excitation energies 4).
Comparison between LISE calculations and experi-mental data 5) for the fu-sion-fission channel in the reaction 12C + 238U is shown in Fig.2. Fig2. Fission cross sections for 12C-induced fission as a function of center-of-mass energy.
References: 1. R.Bass, Phys.Rev.Lett. 39 (1977) 265 2. O.T. and D.Bazin, NIM B 204 (2003) 174. 3. J.Benlliure et al., Nucl.Phys. A628 (1998) 458. 4. O.T., Tech.Rep. NSCL MSU, MSUCL-1299, September 2005.
5. A.Gavron et al., Phys.Rev. C30 (1984) 1550.
Fig.1. The Fusion-Residue information window. It is activated by clicking the “C”ompound button in the SETUP window.
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 15
Fusion-Fission is a new reaction mechanism to produce exotic radioactive beams
P31 : “Fusion-Fission is a new reaction mechanism to produce exotic radioactive beams”, Contribution to the international EMIS 2007 conference, Deaville, France , June 24-29, 2007
Advantages of in-flight fusion-fission to explore this region are the heavier fis-sile nucleus competing with abrasion-fission, and the higher excitation energy of a fissile nucleus competing with Coulomb fission of the 238U primary beam.
The LISE++ fusion-fission model predicts production of new isotopes of ele-ments between neodymium and hafnium with the 238U beam at energies 10-40 MeV/u on light targets. The region that we are particularly interested in this ex-periment (neutron rich nuclei with 60<Z<70) is more or less unexplored, al-though these nuclei are quite close to stability. Yet, this region is critical for making a connection between nuclear models and understanding the r-process abundance patterns of elements around lead.
Fig.2. Two-dimensional yield plot for fragments produced in the 238U(20 MeV/u,1pnA) + D (12 mg/cm2) reaction and separated by SISSI + Alpha spec-trometer with horizontal and vertical angular ac-ceptances ± 60 mrad and momentum acceptance ± 0.5 %. The spectrometer was set on the 172Tb63+ ion. About 55 new isotopes are expected for these settings, assuming 7 events per day for new isotope identification from LISE calcula-tions. The total transmission is about 0.3%.
Fig.1. The nuclide chart demonstrating excited fissile nuclei for different fission reactions with a 238U beam. The green circle shows of the region of interest with in-flight 238U fusion-fission.
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 16
Recent development (2006-2007)
Reactions: Fusion-Fission
Features: RF kicker block
Isomers in LISE++
MC calculation of fragment transmission
Fragment production in material
Utilities: Twinsol
ISOL catcher
..
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 17
RF kicker: new block in LISE++
RF Kicker provides vertical (RIKEN,NSCL) beam separations for different secondary beam species
due to their different time of flight values
The RFFS was commis-sioned with beam in early May 2007. Because of the
purification from the RFFS, the large background from
the contaminants was significantly reduced and
100Sn50+ particles successfully detected [3].
[1]
[2]
1) RF kicker proposal, V. Andreev, D.Bazin, M. Doleans, D.Gorelov, F. Marti, X. Wu; RF-KICKER SYSTEM FOR SECONDARY BEAMS AT THE NSCL”, D. Gorelov, V. Andreev, D. Bazin, M. Doleans, T. Grimm, F. Marti, J. Vincent, X. Wu, Proceedings of 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville,
2) K.Yamada et al., Nuclear Physics A746 (2004) 156c-160c.3) J. Stoker et al., “Commissioning Report on the NSCL RF Fragment Separator,” future presentation at the 234th ACS National Meeting,
Boston, MA, 19th –23rd, August 2007
LISE++
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 18
Isomers in LISE++Isomers in LISE++
* GANIL isomer database in LISE++* LISE internal isomer database * -detector efficiency* Rate calculation of isomer rays * Isomeric -spectrum* Identification 2D-plot in coincidence
with rays
LISE++ LISE++ databasedatabase
registrationregistration settings settings
Identification 2D-plot in coincidence with rays: Monte Carlo
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 19
Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmission
• Detector resolution is optionally taking into account for TOF, TKE and Energy Loss• Only transmission value for angular acceptance and cutting by slits are shown(not Q-state value, loose due to reaction in material, etc)• Transmission value corresponds for Last block used in the calculations (on this dialog for example the last block is “I2_wedge” block)
Like in a regular experiment: the user chooses two coordinates in the MC transmission dialog to create a 2d-spectrum
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 20
Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmission
All LISE++ blocks were adapted for MC transmission including Gas-filled separator, Wien–filter, and RF-kicker. All remarks will be appreciated.
RF-kickerexample
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Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmission
D.J.M.’s idea
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Fragment production in material
Pink background shows that reactions will be
calculated in this materialUse this checkbox to make the
code to consider this material as secondary target
Up to three secondary targets can used in LISE++
calculations
reaction target #1reaction target #2
production target LISE++ convolution technique well suited to
make calculations in reasonable time comparing to MC methods (P.35)
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Fragment production in material
Comparasion with experimental data
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New UtilitiesNew Utilities
Twinsol (solenoid) utility: ray trace and matrix solutions (TA&MU)
ISOL catcher utility(FLNR, Dubna)
Wedge-wedge optimization(NSCL/MSU, GSI)
Kinematics calculator: Mott scattering (GANIL)
Decay channel analysis(NSCL/MSU)
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Optimization proceduresOptimization procedures
Target thickness (v.2.0)
Charge states combination (v.7.5)
Target thickness (v.7.5)charge states optimization + secondary reactions
Brho scanning (v.7.5)background rate calculation
Target – Wedge (v7.5)yield vs purity
RF kicker (v.7.6)position, slits size, phase: yield vs purity
Wedge – Wedge (v.7.8)yield vs purity
v.2 (1991)
to produce an intense and pure secondary beam to produce an intense and pure secondary beam using different reaction mechanismsusing different reaction mechanisms
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 26
Simulation of Transmission through Separator
User-friendly (interface, plots, documentation)
Transmission calculations (quality, speed)
Utilities, database (isotopes, gamma) development
Physics (reaction models, energy loss, charge states and etc)
Optics (optimization, high orders)
Adaptation to “real” life, Development
A-
A
A+
B
F
A
Graduate Student: “LISE++”A-F scale
The exam was not passed!
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 27
Perspectives
LISE++ physics:Production mechanisms,
energy loss etc
LISE++ ISOL catcher
A la “LISE” shell to construct a spectrometer
MOTER: optics and
optimization
LISE++ graphics
LISE++ databases
LISE++ LISE++ MOTER = LISE_***** ?? MOTER = LISE_***** ??
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 28
““MOTER” ray trace code for MS Windows MOTER” ray trace code for MS Windows (FORTRAN and C++ versions)(FORTRAN and C++ versions)
Morris’s Optimized Tracing of Enge’s Rays
1. Fortran to C source transformation 2. Adaptation for MS Windows
Next Steps
3. C++ classes and source optimization 4. Substitution by functions from LISE++ library (for example energy loss, straggling) 5. Documentation, Manual 6. Shell construction 7. Graphical output of calculation results
EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 29
SummarySummary
Welcome to the LISE site to see details!
Register in LISE’s sites to get information about new versions of the code
http://www.nscl.msu.edu/lise
The authors thank for the help and support in developing LISE++ code:
Brad Sherrill (NSCL/MSU)
Dave Morrissey (NSCL/MSU)
Helmut Weick (GSI)
Marek Lewitowicz (GANIL)
DOE #DE-FG03-03ER41265 grant
NSF #PHY-01-10253 grant
Recently some models have been developed (AF, ADA) and several reaction mechanisms (CF, AF, FF) have been implemented the LISE++ code to calculate the transmission and yields of fragments produced and collected in a spectrometer.
Fragment production in material and Monte Carlo calculation of fragment
transmission are new features of the code.
The LISE++ program becomes more and more an important tool for the planning experiments at different laboratories around the world (MSU, RIBF, GSI, GANIL, etc).
Next step: Next step: LISE++ LISE++ MOTER MOTER