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Second Semester Final Review
©2005 LikeScience.com
A mile or so below you there are large pieces of the Earth’s crust
known as __________________.
Plates
Plates move and float on a river of ______________ in the
Earth’s _______________.
Magma, mantle
Where these plates break a ______________ will form.
fault
At ______________ plate boundaries ___________ forces
cause reverse faults to form.
Convergent, compression
At transform plate boundaries __________ forces cause
__________ faults to form.
Shearing, strike-slip
Lastly, as tension forces act on the plates at
___________________ plate boundaries, __________ faults
form.
Divergent, normal
As plates interact they sometimes produce large
vibrations known as __________.
earthquakes
The _________ is the location under the ground where the energy of the vibrations was
released.
focus
The point on the surface directly above this location is known as
the ____________.
epicenter
_____________, scientist who study earthquakes use
instruments called _______________ to measure
the vibrations caused by earthquakes.
Seismologist, seismograph
The first wave of energy released by an earthquake is a
_______________ wave.
primary
Primary waves travel in a _________ motion.
Up and down
Second to arrive at the _________ station is the ____________ wave.
Seismic, secondary
Secondary waves travel in a __________ motion
Back and forth
The seismic wave that causes the most damage is the
________________ wave.
surface
The Earth has an endless supply of resources.
false
What is the carrying capacity?
How much the Earth's resources can support.
What will happen to Earth’s resources if they are wasted?
They will be gone.
Does the population use more or less resources than 200 years
ago?
more
Define population.
Number of species in an area.
What was the global population in 1996?
5.7 billion
What is a population explosion?
A rapid increase in population.
What happens when a region does not have enough food?
The animals migrate or starve.
Why has the population of Earth increased so rapidly?
Better medicines and Technology.
Why have births increased?
Americans are having more babies.
What is the estimated world population for this century?
14 billion
How much garbage does the average person produce in 75
years?
47,000 kgs
How much water does an average person consume in 75
years?
163 million liters
What is the population density of a region?
population divided by area
How do fuels impact the environment?
Burning them produces pollution
An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through
the crust is called a(n)
hot spot
Volcanoes in both the Andes and the mountains of the Pacific
Northwest formed from collisions between
an oceanic plate and a continental plate
The volcanoes that form the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean
are the result of
subducting plates
Magma first forms in
the asthenosphere
Which sequence describes the movement of magma from inside
a volcano to the surface?
magma chamber, pipe, vent
Eruptions of high-silica lava may produce a
shield volcano
Groundwater heated by magma forms a(n)
hot spring
Wide, gently sloping mountains formed by low-silica lava flows
are called
shield volcanoes
A mass of rock that forms when a large body of magma cools inside
the crust is called a
batholith
Dikes are formed when
magma enter a vertical crack and hardens
A mountain that forms when layers of lava and ash erupt
volcano
Hot spots, such as the one that formed Hawaii, can occur at
locations far from plate boundaries
One factor that determines whether a volcano eruption will
be quiet or explosive is ____.
the amount of water vapor and other gases trapped in the
magma.
Magma rises to Earth’s surface because it is ____than
surrounding rock.
less dense
Magma that squeezes into horizontal cracks and hardens
forms a______
sill
Magma that squeezes into vertical cracks and hardens
forms a____
dike
The largest intrusive igneous rock body is a
batholith
If the magma chamber below a volcano collapses, a
_____forms.
caldera
An area where magma melts through the crust in the middle of
a plate is called a(n)
hot spot
Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a
magma chamber
Which factor does not affect how thick or thin magma is?
its silica content
Volcanic soils are fertile because they contain
potassium and phosphorus
Layers of thin, runny lava that flow over a wide area before they cool and harden can build up a
lava plateau
A volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in
the future is called
dormant
What is a vertical landform formed from magma that
hardens?
dike
All volcanic material is the same size
False
Today people are never killed by volcanic eruptions.
False
Volcanoes can form on the ocean floor
true
There is no relationship between plate tectonics and volcanoes.
false
Kilauea in Hawaii releases tremendous amounts of gas.
True
Gas trapped in magma under high pressure can cause
explosive eruptions.
True
Layer of atmosphere where weather, clouds, and smog occur
Troposphere
Force of air determined by temperature and distance above
sea level
Air pressure
Naturally occurring gas in the stratosphere that is considered apollutant in the lower atmosphere
ozone
Layer of the thermosphere that has a high concentration of
electricallycharged particles
ionosphere
Most common gas in the atmosphere
Nitrogen
Layer of atmosphere that includes the ozone layer
stratosphere
Type of pollution that can be formed by car exhaust and
burning coalor oil
smog
Layer of atmosphere between the thermosphere and space
exosphere
____ makes up from 0 to 4 percent of the atmosphere.
Other Gases
The____ contains 75 percent of the atmospheric gases.
Troposphere
The division of Earth’s atmosphere into layers is based
on_________ differences.
temperature
Cold air is denser than warm air and, therefore, has higher ____.
mass
_____ is the only substance that exists as a solid, liquid, and gas
inEarth’s atmosphere.
Water Vapor
The____ is the source of all energy in our atmosphere.
Sun
When Earthreceives this energy, some energy escapes back into
____
Space
The balance among these three help the atmosphere support
Life
Energy reaches Earth in the form of radiant energy, or
radiation
Radiation is the transfer of energy by
Waves
The present state of the atmosphere is the__ .
Weather
______is the amount of water vapor in the air.
Density
Air is_________ when it is holding all the moisture it can at a
certaintemperature.
Saturated
The temperature at which air is saturated and condensation
begins is the
Dew Point
________. humidity is the amount of water vapor in air
compared to theamount of water vapor air can hold at a certain temperature.
Relative
A is an instrument that measures relative humidity.
Psychromometer
When millions of tiny drops of water around dust particles form
from condensed humid air, a____forms.
Cloud
A stratus cloud that forms near the ground is .
Fog
Water droplets that become too heavy to remain suspended in the air fall out of the clouds as
.
Precipitation
______forms when water drops freeze in layers around small
nucleiof ice.
Hail
Water drops that fall when the temperature is above freezing fall
as .
Rain
Water drops that fall when the temperature is below freezing fall
as .
Snow
When snow passes through warm air, melts, and refreezes
near the ground, it becomes
Sleet
The boundary between two air masses?
Front
When a cold mass of air overtakes a warm mass of air?
Cold Front
When two cold masses of air over take a warm mass of air?
Occluded front
High pressure system normally mean what type of weather?
Warm , clear
A low pressure system normally mean what type of weather?
Cloudy weather
The turning of air masses from their original paths because of
Earth’srotation
Coriolis Effect
What is Mr. G’s Son’s name?
Tucker
How old is Mr. G.?
30