Sec 2 Graphics Module 2009

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Secondary 2Design & Technology

Programme 2009Graphic Module

The materials from this set of notes are to be used solely foreducational purposes in Teck Whye Secondary School. They are not tobe sold or distributed. The books that have been used in this set of notes are

1. Design Drawing by Francis Ching2. How to draw what you see by Rudy De Reyna3. The basics of drawing by Victoria Vebell

The objectives of this course are:

1. to draw the 4 basic shapes and shade them with a variety of techniques.

Compiled by Sean Jalleh1


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2. to observe how the light source affects the shades on the 4basic shapes.



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Let us recall..

The shapes that you see above are the 4 basic shapes.

The sphere, the cuboid (box), the cylinder and the cone are able to bemixed and matched to draw almost anything that you have seen fromthis morning when you rose from sleep to the time that you are nowreading this.

Lets recall our first few boxes..



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Revision on cylinders



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Take note of how the cylinder looks. The following diagrams will explainthe shape of the cylinder better.



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Practice drawing these construction lines in the boxes given below.Once they begin to look close to these boxes, draw the cylinders in.

Take note the right crate is not complete.



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Revision on cones

Revision on spheres..



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The sphere is easy to draw the shape but hard to make it look realistic. Just keep drawing round and round in the squares given below and youshould get better and better.

Your own circles



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The ability of the pencil

The pencil is a wonderful thing. The shapes that you have learnt to

draw would look empty if we do not put in shades to make them lookrealistic.



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These are the available tones that you can get from the pencil. Trypracticing to get the various tones that you see using the holdingtechnique two shown on page 3. You can do it in any direction.

Try copying the following shapes and shading EXACTLY as you seehere. Take note that everything must be exact including the size,direction and shading.



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How the light source affects the shading



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What do you notice about the shading?In which direction is the shading the lightest?In which direction is the shading the darkest?Does the shading slowly change from light to dark or are there suddenchanges? Where is the shadow located?

Copy the 3 shapes and shade them assuming the light source iscoming from the top right corner. You do not need to draw the lamp butdraw the arrow of the light.

Once you can draw these 4 basic shapes, you can drawanything..



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Take a look at this lamp shade below. Does it look like its difficult todraw? Well, its definitely easier than you think it is.

It is actually made up of parts that are from the 4 basic shapes. Seehow all the parts are made of basic shapes.



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However, you do need to split the object into different proportions. Thisone has been done for you. Draw out the vase using the givenconstruction lines. You need not shade.



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For this exercise, you will need to segment the object yourself andmake a copy of it. Make sure you leave the construction lines on, shadeit exactly the same and use an arrow to show how the light is movingtowards the shoe.



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For this exercise, you will need to segment the object yourself andmake a copy of it.



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You will now learn to draw what you see in real life and no longer whatyou think you see.

Ju st

look at this drawing for 10 seconds. Close the notes and redraw it on arough piece of paper.

Compare it with the original.

Are the sizes correct?Is the distance from each other correct?Is the shading correct?Is the size of the shapes correct in relation to one another?

If you answered yes to all these questions, then you have goodfoundations in sketching.

If not, you are just like the rest of us who will now learn how to drawthis drawing as you see it.

First of all, we need to segment the drawing. We need to see where themain parts of the drawing are located.We need to draw the extreme limits of the drawing and we include theconstruction lines after that.



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Hold the pencil as shownand use one of your eyesto sight the object you arelooking at.



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Make sure your elbows are locked and your arm is extended as shownbelow.



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You should see this as you are sighting.

The vertical alignment is for getting the vertical sizing and finding themidpoint of the shapes easily.

The horizontal alignment is for finding the distance of the shapes fromeach other in the horizontal axis and to gauge the height of the shapesin relation to one another.

Transfer



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Another useful feature of sighting is that you will be able to transferangles from the actual object to your drawing.

This last exercise will be your last segment for this graphics program. The teacher will now put various shapes on the table with one lightsource from the corner.

You are to draw them to scale and shade them accordingly.

Documents

Sec 2 Graphics Module 2009