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KRnet 2007 June, 2007 June, 2007 융합 융합 단말 단말 플랫폼 플랫폼 개발 개발 본부 본부 Modacom Modacom Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd.

Seamless Vertical IP Handover - krnet.gagabox.com

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Page 1: Seamless Vertical IP Handover - krnet.gagabox.com

KRnet 2007

June, 2007June, 2007

융합융합 단말단말 플랫폼플랫폼 개발개발 본부본부 오오 제제 휘휘

ModacomModacom Co., Ltd.Co., Ltd.

Page 2: Seamless Vertical IP Handover - krnet.gagabox.com

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목차

• IEEE 802.21 Framework (MIH)– MIH 서비스 구성 및 개념

• MIPv6에서 Fast Handover의 의미

• Fast Handover Mobile IPv6

• Proxy Mobile IPv6

• 현재 Mobility 기능 개발 현황

– WinCE 기반 Mobility 기능구현

• Vertical Handover– WinCE 기반 Vertical Handover

• 결론

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IEEE 802.21 Framework (MIH)

• MAC 계층과 상위 IP 계층 사이의 MIH (Media Independent Handover) 모델을 새롭게 고안하여 다양한

유무선 환경에서 효율적인 이동성 지원이 가능하도록

하고 있음

• 이종망간 핸드오버 과정을 최적화 하기 위해 상위 계층

프로토콜 및 이동성 관리 프로토콜을 지원

Handover Detection& Handover Initiation Handover

PreparationHandoverExecution

L2 ConnectivityIP Connectivity

Network Discovery,Network Selection,Service Discovery

Packet Reception

Scope MIH

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MIH 서비스 구성도

Lower Layers(WiBro, WLAN, CDMA,WCDMA etc )

801.21 MIH Function

Upper LayersIP,MIP(or FMIP) SIP, Transport, Application

EventService

Command Service

Information Service

L2 Triger(Event)

HandoverCommand

Information Service

MIH

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MIH 서비스 - MIES (MIH Event Service)

• to provide event reporting, event filtering and event classification corresponding to the dynamic changes in link characteristics, link quality and link status.

• to provides indications from one layer or functionality to another about changes in the connectivity state

• such as MIH Link Down, Link Up, Link Going Down

• to provides remote MIES convey information from one network node to another

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MIH 서비스 - MICS (MIH Command Service)

• to send commands from higher layers (e.g. Policy Engines to Mobility protocol) to lower layers for controlling or aiding handovers

• to establish, redirect, or remove state in either the network or the MN, so that handovers occur smoothly

• such as MIH Link Switch

• to determine the status of the connected links and also to execute mobile and connectivity decisions of the higher layers to the lower layers

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MIH 서비스 - MIIS (MIH Information Service)

• to discover available neighboring (dynamic and static) network information to facilitate the handover process through a certain query/response mechanism

• such as access points, base stations

• to make intelligent handover decision

• dynamic information include link layer parameters such as channel information, MAC addresses, security information, and other higher layer service information

• In some cases higher layer information services may be required when layer 2 information is not available or sufficient to make efficient handover decisions

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• More specially, MIIS (MIH Information Service) – General Access Network Information:– List of available networks– Associated operators– Roaming agreements– Cost of the link– other QoS parameters (dynamic)

• Info. About PoA– Addressing info.– Location– Available data rate– Type of PHY and MAC and other channel parameters

• Other info.– such as Vendor info.

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MIPv6에서 Fast Handover의 의미

• Standard MIPv6의 L3 핸드오버 지연

– 주요 원인

• 이동 검출 / 새로운 CoA 생성 / 인증 바인딩 지연

• Mobile IPv6에서 피할 수 없는 기본 동작

• 복합적인 지연들로 인해 실시간 서비스나 Thoughput에 민감한 응용

서비스에서는 악영향을 미칠 수 밖에 없음

• 이러한 지연을 줄이기 위해서, 특히 이동 검출 지연 및 새로운 CoA생성 지연을 줄이기 위한 많은 방법들이 제안되어 왔음

L2 HO Complete Movement Detection CoA Configuration L3 Ho Complete

Movement Detection Latency (RS & RA)

(0~70ms)

CoA Configuration & DADProcessing Latency

(1000ms)

Binding Latencybetween MN & HA

(100~300ms)

Mobile IPv6 Handover Latency

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Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6)

• IETF MIPSHOP(MIPv6 Signaling and Handoff Optimization) WG에서 규정 – RFC 4068

• 링크 계층(L2) 핸드오버가 발생하기 전에 미리 네트워크

계층(L3) 핸드오버를 수행하는 방법

• 두 가지 문제에 초점을 맞추어 설계

– 이동 노드가 새로운 액세스 포인트를 탐지하자마자 패킷을 보낼

수 있도록 하기 위함 (Predictive Mode)

– 이동 노드의 링크 계층 핸드오버가 끝나자마자 패킷을 수신할 수

있게 하기 위함 (Reactive Mode)

• FMIPv6는 이동 노드가 액세스 라우터 간을 이동하면서

발생하는 핸드오버를 고속으로 수행

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FMIPv6 vs. MIPv6• Predictive Mode

– FMIPv6의 경우, HO전에 이미 IP layer에서 필요한 작업을

처리함.

L2

HOMD DAD Binding with

PAR

MD & CoA

Binding with

PAR

DAD

with HI

L2

HO

time

MIPv6

FMIPv6

L3 Latency (1000msec)

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WIFI FMIPv6 Flow (RFC 4068 Compliant)

L3L3

L2L2

TimeTime

L2-LinkDown

L2-LinkGoing Down L2-Link Up

L3 Handover L3 Handover PreparationPreparation L3 HandoverL3 Handover

Mobile Mobile NodeNode

Previous ARPrevious AR

New ARNew ARHI

FBack

FNA

L2-New LinkAvailable

FBU

AR DiscoveryAR Discovery

RtSolPr

PrRtAdv

HAck

Packets

• With MIH

L2 HandoverL2 Handover(Channel Scanning,

Authentication,Association)

Forwarding

Binding with HA and CN

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• Link Layer (L2) Triggers (Not Specified)– New Link Available

• This trigger specifies that a new available link is detected

– Link Going Down• A link down event will be fired in the near future, so the network layer

must initiate the handover procedure

– Link Down• This indicates that the link cannot be used for data transmission any

more

– Link Up• This is provided to L3 when a new link is connected

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WiBro FMIPv6 Flow (Draft 참조)

L3L3

L2L2

TimeTime

L2-LinkSwitch

L2-LinkGoing Down L2-Link Up

L3 Handover L3 Handover PreparationPreparation L3 HandoverL3 Handover

Mobile Mobile NodeNode

Previous ARPrevious AR

New ARNew ARHI

FBack

FNA

FBU

HAck

Packets

L2 HandoverL2 Handover

Forwarding

Binding with HA and CN

Previous Previous BSBSNew New BSBS

MOB_MNHO-RSPMOB_MNHO-REQ MOB_BSHO-RSP

PSS Init

BS Init

MOB_HO_INDMOB_NBR_ADV

L2-NewBS Found

BSBS DiscoveryDiscovery

RtSolPr

PrRtAdv

Network Re-entryProcedure

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FMIPv6 Problem• Neighbouring access network discovery

– FMIPv6 does not address the issue of radio access network discovery– MNs have to scan for neighbouring APs, BSs etc (specially, WIFI)

• Information exchange with neighbour ARs– How the neighbouring ARs exchange the AP-ID tuple information for the

construction of PrRtAdv messages is not specified

• The Cost of Anticipation– There is no guarantee that the MN will be connected to the oAR long

enough to send and receive all FMIPv6 messages. – When anticipation is used, the MN may not have sufficient time to

update the oAR with the FBU

• The Ping Pong Movement– Due to the dynamic nature of the overlapping cells, the MN may ping-

pong between cells.– Hence, there could be premature forwarding of data by the oAR which

could be harmful.

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Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6)• IETF NETLMM (Network-based Localized Mobility Management)

WG에서 규정 – Draft Version 0

• 단말이 Mobility Management 를 위해 어떠한 행동도 취하지 않음.

• 두개의 추가적인 노드를 이용하여 Network 내부에서 Mobility 처리.– Local Mobility Anchor (LMA)

• home agent for the mobile node

• anchor point for the mobile node's home prefix and is the entity that manages the mobile node's reachability state.

– Mobile Access Gateway (MAG)• proxy mobility agent in the network for mobile node

• responsible for tracking the mobile node's attachment to the link and for signaling the mobile node's local mobility anchor.

• Cisco 에서 제안

• 단말에 Mobility를 위한 요구사항이 없으므로, 사업자들에게 유리한기술.

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MAG1

LMA

MAG2

AAA IPv4/IPv6 Network

PMIPv6 Flow

MN1.Attach to link

2.Send MN Identifier(by PPP or DHCP)

3. Verify Authentication (access authentication procedure)

5-1. RS/Dedicated RA with home prefix

5-2. Obtain/Generate Home address (case of per-MN Prefix Model)

6. Setup Route to MN over tunnelSetup tunnel to MAG1

7. Send Proxy BA

5. Send Proxy BU (NAI Option & Home network Prefix option )

8. Setup Route to MN from tunnelSetup tunnel to LMA

4. Obtain MN’s Profile

MN’s Profile- LMA Address (Optional)- MN’s Home Prefix

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PMIPv6 vs. MIPv6

Item MIPv6 PMIPv6

Mobility의 주체

지원 Address

필요한 Protocol

확장성 PMIPv6를 포함하지 못함 MIPv6 단말도 포함하여 관리 가능

Time 동기화 필요 없음 필요함 (Proxy BU의 검증을 위해)

HandoverFMIPv6와 같이 이용하는

경우, 고속 Handover 지원.

FMIPv6와 연동 불가

고속 Handover 지원 못함

(L2에서 지원 필요)

MIH와 호환성 가능함 가능함

Vertical

Handover

Handover시 IP Mobility

기능 지원IP Mobility 기능 지원 못함.

단말 Network

모든 TypePer-MN-Prefix address Or

Statefull Address만 설정 가능

단말 : MIPv6

Network : MIPv6

단말 : None

Network : MIPv6 + PMIPv6

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현재 Mobility 기능 개발 현황

• 대부분 오픈(Open) 구조를 갖는 리눅스(Linux) 운영체제

환경에서 개발되어 왔음

– MIPL(Mobile IPv6 for Linux) 솔루션

– KAME 솔루션 : FreeBSD기반

• Mobile IPv6 메커니즘과 고속 핸드오버 메커니즘은 모두

L2 및 L3 계층에 동작하기 때문에 커널 레벨에서 동작.– 커널 레벨에서 개발 및 핸들링이 용이한 리눅스 운영체제의

특성이 이유.

• WinCE 기반

– WinCE 기반에서의 Mobile IPv6 및 고속 핸드오버 메커니즘

개발이 활발하지 못함.

– 대부분의 상용 단말들이 사용하고 있는 OS임.

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WinCE 기반 Mobility 기능 구현

• FMIPv6 개발의 필요성

– Mobile IPv6는 향후 무선랜(WLAN:IEEE 802.11x) 및와이브로(WiBro:IEEE 802.16e) 네트워크를 위한 유력한 L3 핸드오버 솔루션중의 하나

– 향후 다양한 형태로 제공될 실시간 인터넷 서비스에서 L3 핸드오버 지연에 의한 패킷 손실 및 양방향 터널링에 의한 혼잡 및

throuthput 저하와 같은 전반적인 QoS 저하 문제가 매우 중요한

이슈가 될 것임

– 핸드오버 지연을 줄이고 QoS 저하 문제를 해결할 수 있는

효율적인 통신을 위한 Mobile IPv6 고속 핸드오버 메커니즘

개발이 필요

– 현재 WIFI과 WiBro를 탑재한 WinCE 플랫홈 기반 단말이

다량으로 출시됨에 따라 Mobile IPv6 고속 핸드오버 솔루션 개발

및 구현이 강력히 요구됨

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WinCE 기반 FMIPv6 구현 구성도

WLAN DriverLink Layer

IntermediateLayer

(via NDIS)

Network Layer

TransportLayer

MIPv6

IPv4/IPv6

TCP/UDP

ApplicationLayer Multimedia over IP

IPv4/IPv6 Packet

L2 Packet

802.11b WLAN

FMIPv6

L2 Triggering

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Vertical Handover • 이기종망 간에 단말이 이동을 가능하게 하는 Multi Access 기술

– Ex) WLAN <-> WiBro

• 표준화 동향

– WLAN과 3G(or 3GPP)간의 연동 위주 (ETSI BRAN, 3GPP SA)– IEEE 802.21 (MIH)

• MIPv6를 이용하면, IP Mobility기능 제공

– Global Address를 이용 (IPv4는 사용하기 힘듬)– System에 추가적인 기능이 필요하지 않음. – PMIPv6의 단점

• Handover시 Network Selection 문제 : – User의 입장에서 가장 중요한 factor에 가중치를 두어 network를 선택해야 함.– QoS기반의 Network Selection– 단말의 이동방향, 속도인식 고려

– 파워소모량

– Charge– Service contents– Fault tolerance

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WinCE 기반 Vertical Handover

Transport/NetworkLayer TCP/IP Protocol Driver

ApplicationLayer Multimedia over IP

3G802.11WLAN

802.16WMAN

802.3LAN …

3G Driver

WLANDriver

WiBroDriver

LANDriver

Link Layer(Miniport Driver) …

Binding for WLAN

Bindingfor LAN

IP Handover Not Supported

- Not Support MIH- Not Support MIPv6

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WinCE 기반 Vertical Handover- Support MIH- Not Support MIPv6

IntermediateLayer

Transport/NetworkLayer

Virtual Miniport Driver

TCP/IP Protocol Driver (IP Handover)

ApplicationLayer Multimedia over IP

3G802.11WLAN

802.16WMAN

802.3LAN …

3G Driver

WLANDriver

WiBroDriver

LANDriver

Link Layer(Miniport Driver) …

Virtual Protocol Driver

MIH Function

ES CS IS

ES CS IS

Binding

HandoverExecuter

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WinCE 기반 Vertical Handover – MIH

Primitives Service Parameters

Link Going Down MIES - Link ID, MN MAC Address, MAC Address of Current PoA

(i.e., AP, BS)

Link Down MIES - Link ID, MN MAC Address, MAC Address of New PoA (i.e., AP, BS), Reason Code

Link Up MIES - Link ID, MN MAC Address, MAC Address of New PoA (i.e., AP, BS), Link ID

Link Switch MICS - Handover Mode, Old Link ID

Link List MIIS - Link ID, MN MAC Address, MAC Address of Current PoA(i.e., AP, BS), Prefix (for FMIPv6)

- Primitive, Service, Parameter 정의

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WinCE 기반 Vertical Handover- Support MIH- Support MIPv6/FMIPv6

IntermediateLayer

(via NDIS)

Network Layer

TransportLayer

IPv4/IPv6

TCP/UDP

ApplicationLayer

Multimedia over IP

3G802.11WLAN

802.16WMAN

802.3LAN …

3G Driver

WLANDriver

WiBroDriver

LANDriver

Link Layer …

MIH FunctionMIPv6

FMIPv6

ES CS IS

ES CS IS

HandoverExecuter

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결론

• MIPv6, FMIPv6, PMIPv6와 MIH– MIH의 도움으로 L2와 L3간의 Signaling이 통일됨

– 하지만, MIH만으로는 IP Mobility 기능을 지원할 수 없음.

– FMIPv6와 MIH의 결합으로 고속 Handover지원 가능.

– PMIPv6만으로는 Vertical Handover에 대한 Mobility기능이 지원될

수 없음.