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SEA ROUTE (PART 3)

SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

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Page 1: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

SEA ROUTE (PART 3)

Page 2: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus
Page 3: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

Land route to China grew increasinglydangerous after Marco Polo’s journey

1) Death of Kublai Kahn• Mongol empire declined and thus

Mongols no longer policed the Silk Road

2) Isolationist policies of the Ming dynasty • Did nothing to encourage trade between

China and the rapidly developing West

Page 4: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

•However, Europeans still wanted these goods

•They bought expensive eastern goods from middlemen (the Muslim merchants)

•The Europeans wanted to get their goods more cheaply than buying them from the middlemen

Page 5: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

• Led an expedition that opened the sea route to India by way of the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa

Page 6: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

Traders needed to come to SEA for goods Da Gama asked whether he could take a pepper stalk with him for replanting before leaving Calicut.

However, it was not possible because the region's unusual twin monsoon with heavy rain was very important to the growth of pepper.

“You can take our pepper,

but you will never be able to take our rains.”

What does this mean?

Page 7: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

1. Can you identify the countries that make up SEA?

2. Which are SEA’s two largest neighbours?

Page 8: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

• Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific oceans and stretches from Asia almost to Australia.

• It consists of two main parts:(1) the mainland peninsula, which borders China to

the north and India to the west(2) The islands, the largest of which include

Sumatra, Borneo, and Java.

• All of Southeast Asia lies within the warm, humid tropics.

• Monsoon winds bring the region long annual rains.

Page 9: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

Class DiscussionA trader from Southern India wanted Chinese Silk. He had two options: he could sail directly to China or go to Palembang.

Which option would be better for him? Answer: SEA ports served as COLLECTION CENTRES for goods •Less time needed: Need not to be away from his family for too long •Cheaper: Did not have to spend too much money on the journey •Less Dangerous with a shorter journey: Heard about the pirates and is worried for his safety •Still obtain silk and earn money: Earn as much money as possible from trading in Chinese silk

Page 10: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

SEA ports also served as CONVENIENT STOPOVERS due to monsoons•A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region

•The summer monsoon and the winter monsoon determine the climate for most of India and Southeast Asia

•Southeast Asia lies in the midpoint of the most direct sea route between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea

Page 11: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

Learning more about Sea Route through Admiral Zheng He’s voyages

•Zheng He was China's most famous maritime explorer•Travelled more than 50,000 km to over 30 countries during his 7 voyages over 28 years

Page 12: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

A replica of Zheng He's treasure ship in Nanjing's Baochuan Shipyard

The great ships included enormous junks up to 120 metres long with nine masts and 12 square sails made of silk

Page 13: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus
Page 14: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

Zheng He's flagship (Baochuan)

Christoper Columbus' Santa Maria

"The ships which sail the Southern Sea are like houses. When their sails are spread they are like great clouds in the sky.” A description by a Chinese Historian

Page 15: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

NavigatorNumber of

ShipsNumber of

CrewZheng He (1405 -

1433)48 to 317 28,000

Columbus (1492) 3 90

Da Gama (1498) 4 160

Magellan (1521) 5 265

It was the largest fleet that the world had ever seen and it would not be surpassed for another 500 years.

Page 16: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

Importance of Zheng He’s Voyages Zheng He needed to control the Strait of

Malacca. Why?

The strait is the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, linking

major Asian economies such as India, China, Japan and South Korea

Page 17: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

In order to control the straits, he needed to deal with neighbouring SEA ports.

1.Friendship with Parameswara (ruler of Melaka)

2.Captured Chen Zuyi (ruler of Palembang)

Page 18: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

You, king (refer to Parameswara), travelled tens of thousands of li across the ocean to the capital. I (emperor Yongle) have been glad to meet with you, king, and feel that you should stay. However, your people are longing for you and it is appropriate that you return to soothe them. The weather is getting colder and the winds are suited for sailing South. It is the right time. You should eat well on your journey and look after yourself, so as to reflect my feelings of concern for you. Now I am conferring upon you, king, a gold and jade belt, ceremonial insignia, two "saddled horses", 100 liang of gold, 500 liang of silver, 400,000 guan of paper money, 2,600 guan of copper cash, 300 bolts of embroidered fine silks and silk gauzes, 1,000 bolts of thin silks. An account of Parameswara’s visit to Ming China in 1411

Page 19: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

1. Friendship with Parameswara•Siam was a rival: Attacked Malacca three times but attacks were repelled

•New protector of Malacca: In 1409, the sultan paid tribute to the Ming emperor to ask for protection against Siam. Malacca was made as protectorate of Ming China

•Result: Siam was deterred from further threatening Malacca

Parameswara

Page 20: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

2. Captured Chen Zuyi •Ruler of Palembang•Strongest pirate of Southeast Asia with 5,000 men and 10 ships•Raided ships and preyed on merchants in the Strait of Malacca for several years

Question: How did Zuyi’s raids affect traders in Southeast Asia? Answer: Traders might be bankrupt and might

even lose their lives. As such, they would not be willing to use this trade route.

Page 21: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

• 160 different types of goods were imported during the Ming Dynasty as a result of Zheng He’s voyages

• Import and Export of goods were done in ports along the maritime trade routes Impact on SEA ports?

Left: Pet giraffe of the Sultan of Bengal, brought from Medieval Somalia, and later taken to China

Right: Chinese silks, porcelain, and tools were highly prized throughout Southeast Asia

(Prosperity)

Page 22: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

What do the star and crescent moon represent?

Answer: Islam (Melaka’s state religion)

Page 23: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

Zhenghe performed his personal role as a pious Muslim to spread Islam

•Born as the second son of a poor Muslim familu in Kunyang. He was raised a Muslim and studied the teaching of Islam.

•His father and grandfather were both Haji (Muslims who visited Mecca for pilgrimage)

•Birth name was Ma He – “Ma” is the Chinese abbreviation for the Muslim “Mohamed”

Page 24: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus

Muhammad Cheng Hoo Mosque was built to commemorate the historic visit of acclaimed Chinese-Muslim explorer

•Islam already spread to Southeast Asia: When Zheng’s fleet stopped at Semarang in 1413, Zheng He and his attendants, Ma Huan and Fei Xin, went together to the local mosque to pray

•Contributions: Increased spread of Islam

• Built more mosques in Andro, Cirebon, Tuban, Gresik, Ruoban and Java in Jakarta in 1411

• Established more Chinese Muslim communities in Southeast Asia

Page 25: SEA ROUTE (PART 3). Land route to China grew increasingly dangerous after Marco Polo’s journey 1) Death of Kublai Kahn Mongol empire declined and thus