SDP Inception.pdf

7/29/2019 SDP Inception.pdf

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Contents1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 6

1.1 Backgroundofthestudy........................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Objectivesofthestudy............................................................................................................. 7

1.3 Scopeofthestudy.................................................................................................................... 8

1.4 Deliverables.............................................................................................................................. 8

1.5 Understandingonthescopeofflexibilityofthestudy............................................................ 9

2. Mobilization,StaffingandInteractionwithPSU............................................................................ 10

2.1 Commencement..................................................................................................................... 10

2.2 Staffing.................................................................................................................................... 10

2.3 ManagementandAdministration.......................................................................................... 10

2.4 OrganizationalArrangements................................................................................................. 11

2.5 InteractionwithPSUandotheragencies............................................................................... 11

3. ApproachandMethodology............................................................................................................... 12

3.1 Approaches............................................................................................................................. 12

3.2 Methodology.......................................................................................................................... 13

StakeholderMapping.................................................................................................... 13

Convergingtheviewsofsectorstakeholders................................................................ 14

ParticipationandConsultationProcess......................................................................... 15

ConsultationMethodsandTools................................................................................... 17

3.3 Phase1Activities.................................................................................................................... 18

SubjectsofSDPRevision................................................................................................ 18

PreparingshorttermSIP............................................................................................... 19

AddendumonCHT......................................................................................................... 20

ReviewandupdateexistingSDP................................................................................... 20

SWApdevelopment....................................................................................................... 20

3.4 Phase2Activities.................................................................................................................... 24

IncorporationofSpecialElements................................................................................. 24

StrategicDevelopmentApproaches.............................................................................. 24

ThirdNationalWorkshop.............................................................................................. 25


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FinalizingtheSecondSDP.............................................................................................. 25

4 InitialWorks.................................................................................................................................. 26

4.1 PresentSituationandChallengesintheSector...................................................................... 26

RuralWaterSupply........................................................................................................ 26

Pourashavas................................................................................................................... 26

Cities.............................................................................................................................. 27

Sanitation....................................................................................................................... 27

RecentDevelopments................................................................................................... 28

4.2 PreparationfortheInceptionWorkshop............................................................................... 29

4.3 Stakeholderssurveytools....................................................................................................... 29

4.3 Subjectsofrevision................................................................................................................. 30

5. OutstandingIssues......................................................................................................................... 33

5.1 Agreementonthesubjectsofrevision................................................................................... 33

5.2 AdditionalStaffrequirement.................................................................................................. 33

5.3 Agreementontheconsultationprocess................................................................................ 33

5.4. WorkPlanandManningSchedule.......................................................................................... 34

6. AdditionalBudget.......................................................................................................................... 35

Annexes

AnnexA: TORofthestudy A2A12

AnnexB: Consultantstaffmembers A13A15

AnnexC: BackgroundnoteandscheduleoftheInceptionWorkshop A16A18

AnnexD: Donorsurveyquestionnaire A19A24

AnnexE: LGDdiscussionchecklist A25

AnnexF: CHTdiscussionchecklist A26

AnnexG: WorkPlan A27A38

AnnexH: ManningSchedule A29A30


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ListofAcronyms

ADB AsianDevelopmentBank

ADP AnnualDevelopmentProgramme

CHT ChittagongHillTracts

DANIDA DanishInternationalDevelopmentAssistance

DfID DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(UK)

DPHE DepartmentofPublicHealthEngineering

GoB GovernmentofBangladesh

HDC HillDistrictCouncil

LGD LocalGovernmentDivision

LGED LocalGovernmentEngineeringDepartment

LGI LocalGovernmentInstitution

M&E MonitoringandEvaluation

MLGRD&C MinistryofLocalGovernment,RuralDevelopmentandCooperatives

MOU MemorandumofUnderstanding

MTBE MidTermBudgetFramework

NGO NonGovernmentOrganisation

NGOForum NGOForumforDrinkingWaterSupplyandSanitation

O&M OperationandMaintenance

PEDP PrimaryEducationDevelopmentProgramme

PSU ProgrammeSupportUnit

SDP SectorDevelopmentProgramme

SDC SwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation

SIMS SectorInformationManagementSystem

SIP SectorInvestmentPlan

SWAp SectorWideApproach

TOR TermofReference

UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

UNICEF UnitedNationsChildrenFund

UP UnionParishad

UZP UpazilaParishadWASA WaterSupplyandSewerageAuthority

WB WorldBank

WSS WaterSupplyandSanitation

ZP ZilaParishad


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SummaryIn2005thefirstSectorDevelopmentProgrammefortheWaterandSanitationSectorinBangladesh(SDP

2005)waspreparedandsubsequentlyapprovedbythegovernmentin2006.SDP2005provideda

frameworkfordevelopmentintheWaterandSanitationsectorforaperiodof10years(20052015).

ThetotalinvestmentrequirementforSDP2005wasratherhigh.Noadequatefinancialcommitmentswere

receivedfromthegovernmentorfromtheexternalsupportagencies.SubsequenttotheSDP2005,there

were some significant developments in the sectors. The projects or investment in the sector is now

preferredtobeunderacommonframeworkoraSectorWideApproach(SWAp).Moreover,thecontextsof

thecountry,especiallythatofthesectorhavechangedwithnewprioritiesandcommitments.Thereisalso

astrongneedtoensurebroadparticipationofthestakeholders insuchan importantnationalendeavor.

Thus the government felt it necessary to review and revise the SDP 2005 and prepare a Second Sector

DevelopmentProgramme(SecondSDP).

DevConBETS, a Joint Venture of two consulting companies, won the contract for preparing the SecondSDP.We(i.e.DevConBETS)startedtheassignmenton15January2009.Aprojectoffice isestablished in

Baridhara with all modern facilities; necessary staffs are mobilized. This Inception Report presents the

objectivesand scopeof the studyand thedetailedapproachesandmethodology.TheReportalsogives

someinitialfindings.

Thestudyisdividedintotwophases.Phase1wouldmakeapreliminaryassessmenttofindthemainareas

of revision and prepare a shortterm Sector Investment Plan (SIP). Phase2 would carry out detailed

analysisandpreparationoftheSecondSDP. Itwasdecided inthecontractnegotiationmeeting thatthe

InceptionReportwilldetailtheactivitiesforphase1.Attheendofphase1,theactivitiesofphase2willbe

detailed.

Stakeholder consultation is a corner stone of the study. In our approach and methodology we had

elaboratedonhowwewilltakeforwardthisstudyinaparticipatoryway.DevelopingaSWApfortheWater

and Sanitation sector is another corner stone. Details procedure for its development will be designed

throughaparticipatoryprocessduringthecourseoftheassignment.However,anoutline isdiscussed in

thisReport.

Wehavealsocarriedoutsomeother initialworks like literaturereview, identifyingkeysector issuesand

challenges, preparation for the Inception Workshop and identifying draft subjects of revision. We have

identifiedsomeoutstandingissues.Theseare:

Agreementonthesubjectsofrevision Agreementontheproposedconsultationprocess Additionalconsultantstaffrequirement

Decisionsontheabovewillhavebudget implications;anestimateofadditionalfundrequirement isalso

given. The above issuesare suggested to be reviewed and an early decision taken so the works can be

carriedoutsmoothly.


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1 Introduction

1.1 Backgroundofthestudy

In2005thefirstSectorDevelopmentProgrammefortheWaterandSanitationSector inBangladesh

(SDP 2005) was prepared. It was approved by the government in 2006. SDP 2005 provided a

frameworkfordevelopmentintheWaterandSanitation(WSS)sectorforaperiodof10years(2005

2015). Itoutlined the sector targetsofcoverageand service levels, the rolesof thesectorpartners

including those of the government, nongovernment agencies, private sector and external support

agencies,therequiredorganizationalreformsandtheinvestmentrequired.

However, the sector targets and coverage for certain subsectors (e.g. urban sanitation) being veryambitious because of taking targets of high coverage against a low existing coverage, the total

investment requirement for SDP 2005 was rather high. No adequate financial commitments were

receivedfromthegovernmentaswellasfromtheexternalsupportagencies.SubsequenttotheSDP

2005, there were some significant developments in the sectors. After Paris Declaration in 2005, in

which Bangladesh is a signatory, there are international and national efforts to harmonize the

differentdevelopmentprojectsandalignthemwithgovernmentsplan.Theprojectsorinvestmentin

the sector is preferred to be under a common framework or a Sector Wide Approach (SWAp).

Moreover,thecontextsofthecountry,especiallythatofthesectorhavechangedwithnewpriorities

and commitments. Many areas in the country like the Chittagong Hill Tracts have different socio

economiccontextanddifferentsetsofproblemsforwhichspecialattentionisneeded.ThereisalsoastrongneedtoensureparticipationofthestakeholdersintensivelyinanationalendeavorlikeSDPso

thatitisownedandeventuallycanbeeasilyimplemented.

ThusthegovernmentfeltitnecessarytoreviewandrevisetheSDP2005andprepareaSecondSector

DevelopmentPlanfortheWSSsector(SecondSDP);themainreasonsforpreparingtheSecondSDP

are:

Incorporategovernmentsnewcommitmentsandtargets IncorporateSWApintheWSSsector Ensureparticipationofallstakeholders PreparerealisticSectorInvestmentPlan(SIP) IncludethespecialdevelopmentneedsofChittagongHillTracts(CHT) UpdateandmakenecessaryadjustmentsinSDP2005tomeetthepresentandfuture

challenges


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The Water Supply and Sanitation Programme Support Unit (PSU) is established by the Local

GovernmentDivision(LGD)tosupportLGDinpolicyimplementationandsectorcoordination.PSUhas

takenuptheassignmentincloseconsultationwithothersectorstakeholdersforpreparingtheSecond

SDP. A subcommittee of the National Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation has been

formedtoguideandassisttheSecondSDPpreparationprocess.PSUisactingassecretariattothesub

committee.

We,i.e.,DevConBETS,aJointVentureoftwoconsultingcompanies,wonthecontractforReviewing

andRevisionoftheSDPand isappointedbyPSU.This inceptionreportpresentstheobjectivesand

scopeofthestudyandthedetailedapproachesandmethodology.Thereportalsogivessome initial

worksdonebyusandidentifiessomeunderstandingissuesforreviewandapproval.

1.2 Objectivesofthestudy

TheoverallobjectiveofthestudyistoestablishanoperationalSDPincludingSIPownedandmanaged

bytheGoBandagreedbythedonors,NGOsandotherstakeholdersthroughaneventualSectorWide

Approach

Specific Objectives: The specific objectives are divided into two phases. Phase1 would make a

preliminary assessment to find the main areas of revision of SDP 2005 and prepare a shortterm

SectorInvestmentPlan(SIP).Phase 2wouldcarryoutdetailedanalysisandpreparationoftheSecond

SDP.Thespecificobjectivesofthetwophases,asmentionedintheTOR,aregivenbelow.

Phase 1

1. PrepareanoperationalshorttermSectorInvestmentPlan(SIP)withfullstakeholderscommitmenttobesharedwithallstakeholders;

2. ReviewandupdateoftheexistingSIPtopresentsituationincludinginvestmentsoutsidetheannualdevelopmentplan(ADP)ofGoB;

3. AssesstheissueofaseparateSDPfortheCHTormakecleardemarcationsfortheareaintheNationalSDPinlightoftherecentGoBCircularontheissueandmakerecommendationsfor

neededdocumentstobepreparedduringPhase2onthissubject.

4. Makeconsultationswithallstakeholdersthroughdistributedpapers,meetingsandworkshopswherefindingsandscenarioswillbediscussed;

5. PreparefinaldraftoftherevisedshorttermSIPandaSDPAddendumontheCHTissueforpresentationandapprovalintheNationalForumforWaterSupplyandSanitationofthe

items.


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Phase 2

1. AnalyzethepolicystatementsandstrategiesdescribedintheSDPandproposealternativescenarioswhererelevant,particularlyontheissuesidentifiedbytheSubcommittee;

2. PreparespecificstrategicdevelopmentapproachforLargeCityWaterSupplyandSewerage/Sanitation,TownsWaterSupplyandSewerage/SanitationandRuralWaterSupplyand

Sanitation

3. PreparetheSDPCHTdocumentsrecommendedinPhase14. ProvideguidanceandrecommendationstoGovernmentanddonorsonharmonization,aid

managementmodalities,partnershipimplementationstrategies,informationshoring,and

accesstogloballearning,etc.

5. PreparefinaldraftoftherevisedSDPincludinglongtermSIPforpresentationandapprovalintheNationalForumforWaterSupplyandSanitation

1.3

Scopeof

the

study

The scope of the study both for phase1 and phase2 is provided in the TOR. In phase1 the main

activitiesarereviewingSDP2005,reviewingthesector,consultationwithstakeholders, identification

ofareasof revision, review the CHT statusandpreparean addendum toSDPandpreparation of a

shorttermSIP.

Inphase2 themainactivitiesarereviewingthepoliciesandstrategies,preparingstrategicplanand

eventually formulate the second SDP. The detailed activities as suggested in the TOR is shown in

AnnexA.

1.4 Deliverables

Themaindeliverablesandeventsofthisstudyare

Deliverables Timeframe InceptionReportandInceptionWorkshop 1month ShorttermSIPandAddendumonCHTissuetobeplacedto

theNationalWSSForumforapproved

5month

DraftReviewandUpdatetobediscussedinaNationalWorkshop

7month

DraftSecondSDPtobediscussedinaNationalWorkshop 10month SecondSDPtobeapprovedbytheNationalWSSForum 11month PrintedcopiesofSecondSDPinEnglishandinBangla 13month


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1.5 Understandingonthescopeofflexibilityofthestudy

WeunderstandthattheareasofemphasisontheSecondSDPwilldependonthesectorreviewand

onthestakeholderconsultation.ThisisrecognizedandspecificallymentionedintheTORofthestudy;

forexample,thestaffcompositionandstafftimerequiredinthephase2isonlyindicative.Thisissue

wasdiscussedduringthenegotiationmeetingwithPSUandtheyhadrespondedpositively.

OurteammembershavecarriedoutapreliminaryreviewoftheSDP2005andthesectorstatus.We

had extensive discussions with PSU on several occasions and received valuable guidance. Our

suggestions on how best to carry out the study are given in the following sections for review and

approval.


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2. Mobilization,StaffingandInteractionwithPSU

2.1 Commencement

DevConBETS signed the contract for the assignment on 24th December 2008. Earlier a contract

negotiation meeting was held with the DevConBETS on 7 December 2008 where some important

administrativedecisionswere taken. Theminutesof themeetingwaspublishedandhadbecomea

partofthecontract.

We started the assignment on 15th January 2009 with a kickoff meeting with Mr. Shariful Alam,

ProjectDirectorofPSUandotherPSUmembersandDevConBETSconsultantteam.Dr.TanveerAhsan

istheteamleaderoftheconsultantteam.

2.2 Staffing

Theconsultantstaffsaremobilized.A listofthestaffmembers isgiveninAnnexB.Afteracceptance

of this Inception Report and agreement on the subjects of revision, the present staffmix and

responsibilitiesmayneedtobeadjusted.

2.3 ManagementandAdministration

Aprojectofficeisestablished.Theofficialaddressisasfollows.

DevConBETSJV

HouseNo.4,RoadNo.13

Baridhara,Dhaka1212

Tel: 88028826558,8823228,8822113

Fax:88028826305

Email:[email protected](General);[email protected](TeamLeader)

The office has all necessary facilities like computers, highspeed internet connections, printing,

copying

and

secretarial

facilities.

There

is

also

a

meeting

room

with

multi

media

facilities

for

regular

meetings,brainstormingandothergroupexercises.

Twocarsareprovidedfortheconsultantteam.


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2.4 OrganizationalArrangements

TheconsultantswillworkundertheadministrativeandmanagementcontroloftheProjectDirectorof

PSU.FortechnicalmatterstheconsultantswillconsultwithPSUandalsowiththeSubcommitteeof

theNational WSS forum (subcommittee).PSUwillact as the secretariatof theSubcommittee. An

organizationalsetupofisshownbelow.

Figure1OrganizationalSetup

2.5 InteractionwithPSUandotheragencies

Weare interactingwithPSUonaregularbasis,attwiceaweektoupdateontheprogressandseek

advice.Theconsultantswillalso interactwithgovernmentministriesandagencies, localgovernment

institutes,donors,NGOs,etc.onmattersrelatedtotheproject.TheconsultantswillappraisePSUon

theoutcomeofthoseinteractions.

Consultants

(DevConBETSJointVenture)

LocalGovernment

Division

NationalForumfor

WSS

TeamLeader ProjectDirector

PSU

SubCommitteeofthe

NationalWSSForum

Expertsfromother

developmentpartners

ConsultantTeam

Members

PSUTeam

Members


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3. ApproachandMethodology

The basis of the proposed approach and methodology is those mentioned in our proposal for theconsultancy contract and our initial assessment of the needs. The process of formulation of the

Second SDP is dynamic; it would depend on factors like results of situation analysis, views of the

government and other stakeholders and outstanding sector challenges. It is difficult to predict the

exactscopeofworksandmethodology.Thusitwasdecidedinthecontractnegotiationmeetingthat

the Inception Report will detail the activities for phase1. At the end of phase1, the activities of

phase2willbedetailed.

Thefollowingsectionsgiveoverallapproachestothestudy,adetaileddescriptionofthemethodology

and the activities for phase1 and a general description of the methodology and the activities of

phase2.

3.1 Approaches

Ourapproachestoachievethestudyobjectivesareasfollows.

TheSDP2005asaStartingPoint:TheexistingSDP2005willbeourpointofdeparture.Wewillmakean intensivereview;ourpreliminaryreviewsuggeststhatmanyaspectswhichareworthconsidering

and at the same time some aspects need updating. At the same time we will review relevant

literature.Wehavegivenourinitialassessmentinthefollowingsections.

ParticipatoryApproach:Development isnotan isolatedprocess; rather it should take intoaccounttheconsiderationofthestakeholdersespeciallythepeopleforwhom it is intended.Webelieve it is

criticaltoobtainviewsofallstakeholders,bothatcentralandatlocallevels.Oneofthedrawbacksin

the process of preparing the SDP 2005 was the limited time available for consultation, which

contributedto its lessownershipbystakeholders.Theabsenceofadequatecommunicationafter its

approvalwasanotherfactor.Wewillfollowaparticipatoryprocesswiththesectorstakeholdersand

encouragetheirparticipationfromtheveryonsetofthepreparationprocess.Inourmethodologywe

haveelaboratedtheparticularconsultationprocessandhowthisprocesswillhelptobuildconsensus

amongthestakeholders.

DrawingLessons:Wewilldraw lessonsfromourownexperience inNepal intransportsectorSWAp.We will obtain information on SWAp experiences from other developing countries like Kenya.

Importantly,wewillcriticallyevaluatetherecentBangladeshexperiences,bothwhatworkedwelland

whatwentwrong,especiallywith theSecondPrimaryEducationDevelopmentProgram (PEDP II)or

Education SWAp and the Health SWAp. The ongoing WSSPS II is a kind of subsector SWAp, its


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experiencesinplanningandimplementationwillalsobehighlyvaluable.Inthemethodologywehave

givenourfirstthoughtsonhowwewanttoincorporateSWApinWSSsector.

FeedbackBasedApproach:Wewillrelayonfeedbacksfromourstakeholderstoobtaininsightswhichwill enrich our works. During the course of the study we will have intensive discussion with the

stakeholders;workshopswillbearrangedatstrategictimestodisseminateourfindingsaswellasto

serveasasoundingboardforourideasandoutputs.Inaddition,severalothermeetingsandthematic

workshopswillbearrangedtoanalyzeimportanttopics.

IntegrativeApproach: Many interventions in the sector have resulted in number of projects withdifferent approaches. Many institutions have undertaken tasks which sometimes have overlapping

scopes. This has increased the complexity of implementing various developmental activities. We

would therefore strive to follow an integrative approach as far as our engagement is concerned

wherein we would involve all the stakeholders, distil their feedback and come up with coherent

outputs. Capacity building of the communities and practice of good governance and other cross

cuttingissueswillalsobeintegrated.

Synergy Creation: For such large scale developments endeavor like the SDP it is imperative thatsynergiesaredevelopedbetweenvariousrelatedaspectslikesocialdevelopment,ruraldevelopment,

health,urbanplanningandinfrastructureplanning.Oureffortswillbedirectedsothatthesesynergies

areidentifiedandleveragedupon.

Focus on Implementability: Any developmental activity which ignores the core aspect ofImplementabilityisboundtobeunsuccessful.Wewillbringinthevastexpertisethatwehavegained

overtheyearsinthedesignandimplementationofwaterandsanitationandothersectorprojects.

3.2 Methodology

StakeholderMapping

OurinitialassessmentfindsthattherearefivemaingroupsofstakeholdersintheWSSsector:

1. Government(ministries,divisionsandagencies)2. LocalGovernmentInstitutions3. Donors4. NGO/PrivateSector5. CivilSocietyandacademicians6. Users


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OneremarkfrommanystakeholdersmadeonthepreparationofSDP2005wasthatnotenoughtime

wasavailable forproperconsultation.Thuswhilepreparing the revisedversion i.e.theSecondSDP,

extensive stakeholders participation for the planning process would be ensured. A stakeholder

mappingexercisewasdoneinconsultationwiththePSUandsomestakeholdersareinitiallyidentified.

Thesixstakeholdergroupsare:

StakeholderGroupsinWSSsectorGovernment: LocalGovernmentDivision(LGD),DPHE,LGED,CHTMinistry,

PlanningCommission,MinistryofFinance,etc.

LGIs: CHTRegionalandDistrictCouncils,UpazilaParishads,Union

Parishads(UPs),MunicipalitiesandCityCorporations

Donor: WorldBank,ADB,IBD,DanidaDFID,AusAID,Dutch,UNICEF,

SDC,,etc.

NGOs/Private

Sectors:

BRAC,NGOForum,WaterAidBangladesh,PlanBangladesh,

Oxfam,etc/PrivateProducersofWaterandSanitation

hardware,SmallScalePrivateServiceproviders,etc.

CivilSociety

/academicians

Intellectuals,civilrightactivists,media,sectorprofessionals,

etc.

Users: Communities,individualhouseholds,etc

Thesestakeholderswillbeconsultedatvariousstages.Theoutcomesoftheconsultationprocesswill

betakenintoconsideration,andincorporatedintotheSecondSDP.

Convergingtheviewsofsectorstakeholders

At present different stakeholders have different views and approaches in the sector. They have

different implementation modalities and do not operate under a common framework. As a result

there is not much consensus among them and lack harmony in operations. One of the expected

outcomes of the Second SDP preparation process is that it would help to build consensus and

eventuallyincreasetheownershipoftheSDP.

TheideaofConvergencebyConsultationisshownschematicallyinFigure2.Atthebeginningoftheconsultationprocessthecommonareaofconsensusamongthesixmaingroupsofstakeholders is

small(Figure2a).WiththeparticipationofthestakeholdersintheSDPplanningprocessandthrough

regularconsultationandexchangeofviews it isexpected that thestakeholderswouldcomecloser.

Thecommonareawouldincrease(Figure2b)indicatingmoresenseofownership.


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(a)Presentsituation (b)Expectedsituationaftersectorconsultation

Figure2 Schematicdiagramsshowingthestatusofconsensusorthecommonareasamongthemain

stakeholdergroups:(a)presentsituationand(b)expectedsituationaftertheconsultation

process.

ParticipationandConsultationProcess

The process forparticipationandconsultationwillbeparticipatoryand feedbackoriented. A setof

participatorymethodsandtoolswillbeused tocarryouttheconsultationprocess.Before finalizing

theconsultationprocessactionplan, thequestionsofhowmanyeventsandwithwhomandwhere

the consultation would take place need to be clarified. These questions are crucial, specifically for

consultationwiththestakeholdersatlocallevels.

Consultationwillbedoneattwolevels

Field Headquarters

FieldLevelConsultation:Thecountrywouldbedividedintofourgeographicalregionssothatthemajordifferentcharacteristics

ofthecountryarereflected.Theregionsare:

1. Hillyareas(particularlytheCHTdistricts)2. FloodplainandHaorareas3. Coastalbeltdistricts4. LowWaterTable/droughtproneareas

Fromtheseregionsthestakeholderswouldberandomly/purposivelyselected.Fromeachofthefour

geographical regions one Upazila Parishad (UZP) will be selected. The selected UZP will then be

requested to organize a Regional Workshop with the Union Parishads (UPs), local private

operators/service providers and other line departments. Consultants will facilitate the UPZ in

Common

Area

Common

Area


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organizingtheworkshop.Similarly,selectedPourashavasandtheCityCorporationswillbeintervened

inthesameregion.TheparticipantsoftheseLGIs(e.g.bothmaleandfemalemembers)willrepresent

local communities as well as they will ensure equitable representation of men and women of the

communitiesconcerned. Table1showsthedifferentregions,representativedistricts,stakeholdersto

beconsultedandmethodandtoolstobeused.

Table1:Stakeholdersconsultationindifferentregions

Regions Representative

districts

Stakeholders

tobe

consulted

Methods Tools

Hilly CHTdistricts UZP1

UPs 8to10

PS 3to5

HDC 1

Pourashava1

RegionalWorkshop

SmallGroup

Discussion

Interviewing

Workshopprogramme

outline;

Discussion

checklist/guideline;

Questionnaire;

Floodplain/Haor Jamalpur,

Sunamganj,

Brahmanbaria,

etc.

UZP1

UPs 8to10

PS3to5

Pourashava2

RegionalWorkshop

SmallGroup

Discussion

Interviewing

Workshopprogramme

outline;

Discussion


Questionnaire;

Coastalbelt Barisal,

Noakhali,

Khulna,etc.

UZP1

UPs 8to10

PS3to5

Pourashava2

RegionalWorkshop

SmallGroup

Discussion

Interviewing

Workshopprogramme

outline;

Discussion


Questionnaire;

Lowwater

table/drought

Rajshahi,Bogra,

Pabna,etc.

UZP1

UPs8to10

PS3to5

Pourashava3

RegionalWorkshop

SmallGroup

Discussion

Interviewing

Workshopprogramme

outline;

Discussion


Questionnaire;

Note:UZPUpazilaParishad;UPUnionParishad;PSPrivateSector,HDCHillDistrictCouncil.

From the plain district regions two old district Pourashavas, two new district Pourashavas and two

smallPourashavaswillbeselectedforsmallgroupdiscussions.OnePourashavaofCHTdistrictHQwill

beselectedforthepurpose.

TheRegionalCouncilofthehilldistrictsandtwoCityCorporationsofDhakaandChittagongalongwith

oneCityCorporationofthefour(e.g.Khulna,Rajshahi,SylhetandBarisal)otherswillbeconsultedat

thelaterpartoftheprocess.


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HeadquarterslevelConsultationDhakabased other important stakeholders such as government ministries, donors, etc will be

consulting with. Through this process, about 1520 donor agencies, government ministries and

departments(i.e.LGD,DPHEandLGED),57nationalandinternationalNGOsandsomeotherprivate

sectoragencieswillbeinterviewed.Asetofquestionnaire/checklistwillbeused.Ifrequired,number

ofsmallgroupdiscussionswillbeconductedwithNGOsandprivatesector.

Three National Workshops will be organized for national level stakeholders including government

agenciesanddonors.ThefirstoneistheInceptionWorkshop.Itwillbediscussthemethodologiesand

initialfindingsandobtainfeedbackontheSDPpreparationprocess.Thesecondworkshopwillbefor

sharingtheworkprogressesanddraftoutputsoftheassignment.Thethirdandfinalworkshopwillbe

forpresentingthedraftfinalreport.

ThematicworkshopsSomethematictopicsare importantbecauseofthetechnicalorstrategic implicationsbutthetopics

arelessdiscussedwithinthesectorprofessionals.Thematicworkshopsonspecifictopicsareproposedtobeorganized.Presentationswillbemadebymembersofconsultantteamandguestlecturerswho

arerenownedinthosethemes.

Weproposetoorganizetheseventhematicworkshopsonthetopics.

1. WaystointroduceSWApinWSSsector2. Sanitationforlargecities3. PrivateSectorModelsforPourashavawatersupply4. RuralWaterSupply:Reachingthehardtoreachpeopleandplaces5. Sustainablesolutionsforarsenicmitigation6. Diversity,challengesandsolutionsforCHT7. Improvedhygieneandsanitationpractices

Theexchangeofknowledgeandviews throughsucheventswouldassist inselectionofappropriate

technologicaloptions, institutionalarrangementsand identifytherequirementsofreformsorpolicy

changes.Moreover,thiswillbuildconsensusbeamongthesectorprofessionalwhichissoimportant

toimplementtheSDP.

ConsultationMethodsandTools

Following

are

the

key

methods

that

will

be

applied

for

consulting

the

stakeholders

at

various

levels

of

thelocalgovernment,donorsandprivatesectors:

RegionalWorkshop:Oneregionalworkshopwillbeorganizedineachgeographicalregion(atselectedUpazila level) with the representation of local government, private sector service providers and

government linedepartments.Participantsoftheworkshopswillbefacilitatedbytheconsultantsto

shareandexchangetheirviewsonthecurrentandfutureSDPs.Moreimportantly,theywillbeurged


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clearlyexpresstheirexpectationsandsuggestionsonthefuturedevelopmentofthesector.Different

programme schedule will be developed. Both Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations shall have

separateprogrammes.Theirviewsandcommentswillbetakeninseparateworkshops.

SmallGroupDiscussion:ThismethodwillbeappliedwhileconsultingwiththePourashavasandCityCorporations. The responsible persons and departments of the entities will be intervened in small

groups.Achecklist(tobedeveloped)willbeusedtoguidethediscussionssessions.

Key Informant Interview:Thekeypersonsof themajor stakeholders suchasCHTRegionalCouncil,smalland secondary town Pourashavas, UpazilaParishadand UP Chairmanand specially thedonor

representativeswillbeinterviewedindividually.Separatesetsofsemistructuredquestionnairewillbe

used for interviewingthedonors,governmentcounterparts,LGIsatdifferenttiersandNGOswillbe

developed.

3.3 Phase-1Activities

TheTORsuggeststhreegroupsorstreamsofactivitiesduringphase1

i) determiningthesubjectsofSDPrevision,ii) preparingshorttermSIPandiii) assessingandpreparingaddendumonCHT

However,consideringnecessities ofcarryingoutsomeactivitiesearlier(e.g.SWApstrategy)andalso

theheavywork loadand thepossibility of time constrains inphase2, we suggest tobring forward

someactivitiesofphase2inphase1.Theseactivitiesstreamsare

iv) ReviewandupdateexistingSDPv) SWApstrategydevelopment

Not all,but some selectedactivities of theabove activity streams (or groups)willbecarriedout in

phase1andtheotherswillbedoneinphase2.Thedetailsaregivenintheworkplan(Section5).

SubjectsofSDPRevision

IntheSubjectsofSDPrevisionactivitystreamtheexistingSDPwillbereviewedanddraftsubjectsof

SDPrevisionprepared.Thesubjectsareexpectedtoinclude:i)newlydevelopedii)notcoveredearlier

orwith

iii)

lack

of

consensus.

Wehavealreadypreparedadraftlistofsubjects(discussedinnextchapter)andhadinitialdiscussion

withPSU.OncetheSubcommitteeapprovesthedraftsubjectswewillfocusourstudyaccordingly.


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19

PreparingshorttermSIP

TheactivitygroupofShorttermSIPwillstartwithreviewoftheexistingSIP.Wehadalreadystarted

with a stakeholder mapping exercise and preparing tools for surveying the sector financiers.

Questionnaire forthedonorsarepreparedandcirculated.Furtherdescriptionoftheworksdoneso

far is given in next chapter. Eventually a draft short term SIP will be prepared based on the

stakeholderssurvey.

ThetimeframefortheSIP is initiallythoughttobe35years.Wewillconsultwithstakeholders,PSU

andsubcommitteeontheexacttimeframe.

Wewillconsidergovernmentsourcesaswell.Thefollowingdocumentswillbeconsulted.

theMidTermBudgetFramework(MTBF)oftheLGD thegovernmentagencies(e.g.DPHEandLGED)3yearrollingbudget PlanningCommissions5YearPlans

ThedraftSIPwillbeforthreesubsectors:i)largecities(metropolitancities),ii)smallcitiesandtowns

(Pourashavas)and iii)ruralareas.ThisdraftSIP,alongwithsomekey findings,willbediscussed ina

NationalStakeholdersWorkshop.Suggestionsfromtheworkshopwillbeconsideredandafinaldraft

shorttermSIPwillbeprepared.DuringthisprocesstheconsultantswilldiscusswithcloselyPSUand

theSubCommittee.PSU/SubCommitteewillplacethefinaldrafttotheNationalForumforapproval.

It isexpectedthatanMOUwillbesignedwiththesectordevelopmentpartnersregarding financing

andmilestonesforrecommendedsectorreforms.

However,therearesomeareasregardingthepreparationofshorttermSIPwhichmayberevisited:

We feel that the timeframe of preparing the short SIP (one month from acceptance ofInception Report) is rather limited. Many activities like consultation with donors and

governmentministriesistimetakingandoftenbeyondthecontroloftheconsultants.

TheshortSIP,conceptually,asapartofthelongtermSIPwhichwouldbepreparedinphase2based on some strategic consideration and sector consultation. We are analyzing this issue

andwillcomeupwithsuggestiononhowbestthiscanbedoneinphase1.

The TOR mentions that the donors will sign a MOU with the government confirming theirfinancing to the sector. Donors agreement with the government is guided by the

administrativeproceduresofthedonorcountryoragencies.Moreover,whatmightencourage

the donors to commit funds is a realistic development plan with reform agenda. In other

words,thisSDP.Assuch,beforeSDPcomingtoashapeitwouldbedifficultforthedonorsto

commitfunds,especiallyifwearetalkingofincreasedleveloffunding.

WewilldiscusstheaboveissueswithPSUandsubcommittee,ifneeded,andcomeupwithafeasible

timeframetocompleteshortSIP.WeexpecttocompletethedraftSIPwithinthephase1.


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AddendumonCHT

WewillreviewtheexistingCHTsituation,ourconsiderationswillinclude

itsdifferentlocalgovernmentstructure differentsocioeconomiccondition differentculture,valuesandlanguage governmentanddonorshavemanystandaloneprojectsforCHT needfordifferentwaterandsanitationtechnologies(often)thaninplainland

TogiveespecialattentiontotheCHTsituationbecauseof itsuniquenesswewillarrangeaRegional

Stakeholders Workshop in CHT. The participants would be the local government agencies, local

governments(regionalcouncil,districtcouncil,headman,etc.),NGOsanddonors(particularlyUNDP).

We will also meet, individually and in group, with local stakeholders. Details of our consultation

processaregivenearlier(seeTable1).AfterwardswewillprepareadraftAddendumonCHT.

We will consult the draft Addendum with LGD and the MOCHT in the context of the GovernmentCircularandthefindingsoftheCHTreview.OntheirrecommendationwewillpreparedraftfinalCHT

Addendum.PSU/SubcommitteewillplacetheAddendumtotheNationalForumforapproval.Wewill

supportbypreparingnecessarybriefingpapersandpresentations.

ReviewandupdateexistingSDP

The existing SDP will be reviewed with particular attention to the subjects agreed by the Sub

committee.Thereviewwillinclude

i) technicalii) environmental,socioeconomicaliii) institutionalandiv) financialmatters.

Therecentdevelopment inthesectorwillbeconsideredfortheir influence intheSDP.Wewillalso

reviewtheexistingWSSprogrammeandprojectswiththeobjectivetoupdatethestatusofthesector.

Asthegovernmentagencies(DPHEandLGED)andWASAsupdatetheirdatabasesafterthecloseof

thefinancialyeari.e.June,weplantodothefinalupdatingafterJuly2009.

Therelatedpoliciesandstrategieswillbereviewed.Wehadcarriedoutan initialassessmentofthe

policies and identified some gaps to address the sector challenges. We will prepare a check list to

carefullyreviewthepolicies.Eventuallywewilldiscusswiththestakeholderssuggestwaystoresolve

them.


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21

SWApdevelopment

Definition:DevelopingaSWAp(SectorWideApproach)fortheWaterandSanitationsectorisoneof

thekeyobjectivesoftheSecondSDP.Inthiscontextthefollowingissuesarequitepertinent:

WhatdowemeanbySWAp? WhatshouldbethemaincomponentsofaSWAp? HowtointroduceSWApintheWSSsectorofBangladesh?

DetailsprocedurefordevelopmentofaSWApwillbedesignedthroughaparticipatoryprocessduring

thecourseoftheassignment.However,anoutlineisdiscussedbelow.

TheConcept:SAWp isonlyanapproachastohowtothink(planfordevelopment inthesector)andact(implementtheplan)inandcoordinatedway.ThegeneralconceptofSWApincludes:

Movingfromprojecttoprogrammes Relyingongovernmentsystemsforplanningandimplementationbutagradualprocess Movingfromscatteredpolices,strategiesandplans(orprojects)toanoverallframework,

agreeduponbye.g.ThePartnershipPrinciples

The Framework: The focus of SWAp is effective policy process and governance, the lead role ofgovernment,recognizingtheroleofprivatesectorandcivilsociety.Itfacilitateseffectiveutilizationof

donoraidthroughcoordinationharmonizationandalignment.AcomprehensiveframeworkofaSWAp

containsapolicyframework,aplanningframeworkandafundingframework.Themainelementsofa

SWApframeworkareshownintheboxbelow.

WhatisSWAp?

"SectorWide

Approach

(SWAp)

is

amethod

of

working

that

brings

together

governments,

donorsandotherstakeholderswithinanysector.Itischaracterizedbyasetofoperating

principlesratherthanaspecificpackageofpoliciesoractivities.Theapproachinvolves

movementovertimeundergovernmentleadershiptowards:

1. broadeningpolicydialogue;2. developingasinglesectorpolicy(thataddressesprivateandpublicsectorissues);3. acommonrealisticexpenditureprogram;4. commonmonitoringarrangements;and5. morecoordinatedproceduresforfundingandprocurement.

(WorldHealthOrganization,WorldHealthReport2000)


22/35

Introd

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22

adesh:The

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llberequire

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Ap:

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vis

GDP


23/35

23

An assessment of possible funding from the multi lateral and bilateral donors. (taking intoaccountthecurrentandprojectedglobaleconomicdownturn)

Policyissuestobesettledfirst:

ShouldtheprogramcoverthewholeWSSsector? Should it cover WASAs, solid waste management, drainage system? (explain to thegovernmentwhataretheimplicationofeachdecision). What will happen to the existing projects? Should they converge into the new program or

continueforsometime inparallel?Shouldthemanpower(projectpersonnel)oftheexisting

projectsbetransferredtothenewprogram/revenue?

Whichdepartmentshouldbetheleadorganization?LGDorDPHEoranyWASA?(Therecouldbemorethanonecentreunderanumbrellaprogram).

IsthegovernmentreadytomaketheorganizationalreformsrequiredforaSWAp? Isthegovernmentreadytorevisethetariffstructure,ifdeemedessential? Unlike a project a program is implemented directly by the mainstream personnel of the

concerned government organizations. Filling in existing vacancies would be essential for

creating/maintaining the capacity of the concerned agencies for implementing the SWAp.Governmentmustbeawareofthisandmustcommittofillinexitingvacanciesand/orcreate

newsustainablepositions.

Since LGRD is an MTBF Ministry, the proposed SWAp should be closely linked with MTBF.Clarify thiswith theministryandmake sure that theproposed programwillbe in harmony

withthethreeyearrollingplansofLGRD.

Should there be one donor or several donors? If several donors should there be a singlefinancialsystemormultiplefinancialsystemoftheprogram?

Identificationofinterventions

Prioritized and identify possible areas of intervention under the program in line with thedesireofthegovernment.

Setrealistictimelineallowingnecessaryloan/grantprocessingtimeforthegovernment. Arrangedialoguewithpossibledevelopmentpartners. There is no need to start implementing everything at a time. Consider a phased approach

takingintoaccountthecapacityofthesector.

Risks and its Mitigation: SWAp isanewwayof thinkingandactingwhich iseasier tounderstand,manageandmonitor. However, in the short term it isdifficultand involves significantpreparatory

costs.Theremightbesomeresistancefrombothinsideandoutsidegovernment.Thusthere isneed

to tackle internal and external threats which may evolve because of vested interest or ignorance.

Duringourstudywewouldidentifytransitionalrisksandmaycomeupwithatransitionalprocess.We

wouldfollowaprocedureofclarifyingthemeaningandimplicationsofaSWApinWSSsectorthrough

intensiveconsultationwiththestakeholderssothatimplementbecomessmoothandeffective.


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24

3.4 Phase-2Activities

As decided in the contract negotiation meeting phase1 activities will be described in detail in the

InceptionReport.Phase2activitieswillbedetailedattheendofphase1.Assuchonlyanoutlineof

thephase2activitiesispresentedinthisInceptionReport.

Phase2activitieswillstartwiththebackdropthattheareasofrevisionoftheSDPhavebeenagreed

uponandadetailedTORforphase2 isapproved.Themaintaskswouldbefinalizingthereviewand

updating and developing the SWAp that was started in phase1. Other major activities are briefly

describedbelow.

IncorporationofSpecialElements

Some special elements will be analysed for their incorporation in the SDP. The TOR suggests to

include:

Strategiesforcoordination,costsharinganddisasterresponse Watersafety,waterquality,itssurveillance,healthandhygiene,etc. Technologyoptionsforwaterandsanitation Procedureforsectorplanning,monitoringofimplementation,O&Mandimpactmonitoring Communityparticipation,IECandcrosscuttingissues

Respectiveconsultants fromourteamwilltake leadrole inaddressingtheseelements.Thedetailed

TORfortheaboveareaswillbedeterminedduringPhase 1.Wewillgotofieldtripsinsomeselected

areas to obtain firsthand knowledge. Such areas will be determined during the assignment.

Experiencesandlessonsareexpectedtobeofimmenseuse.

Wewillarrangeanumberofthematicworkshopswithsectorprofessional,thetopicsoftheworkshop

willcoversomeoftheaboveelements,andothernewtopicswillalsobedealtwith.

StrategicDevelopmentApproaches

The TOR mentions preparing strategic development approaches for three subsectors.We envisage

there might be another subsector i.e. CHT, because of its uniqueness. So we would develop the

strategicapproachesforfoursubsectorsasshownbelow

Strategic

Development

Approach for

WSS Sector

Large Cities

(e.g. Metropolitan cities)

Pourashavas

Rural areas

CHT

(Possibly, depending on Forum)


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25

Detailofthesewillbedoneduringphase2.Thestrategicdevelopmentapproachforeachsubsector

and the review/updates will be presented in a Second National Workshop. The participants will be

fromthemajorstakeholdersincludingNGOsandprivatesector.Theinformationandconceptswould

bethoroughlydiscussedanditisexpectedthatthosewouldberefinedbytheinsightsandexperiences

oftheparticipants.Thecommentsreceivedfromtheworkshopwillberecordedandanalysed.

Based on the works on the reviews, SWAp development, analysis of special elements and the

commentsreceivedfromtheSecondNationalWorkshop,draftSecondSDPincludingthelongtermSIP

willbeprepared.Wewilltakecarethatallrelevantelementsofconsultationsareconsidered.

ThirdNationalWorkshop

BynowtheSecondSDPwouldbecomingtoaconcreteshape.Thedraftversionwillbediscussedina

Third National Workshop. We will explain the changes in the draft and how or how far we have

incorporatedtheviewofthestakeholders.WewillalsoexplainhowbestitwouldservetheobjectivesoftheSDPintheprevailingconditions.WeexpectthatthatthedraftrevisedSDPwillbeendorsedin

theworkshopwithsomeminorcomments.

ThefinaldraftversionSDPwillbepreparedincorporatingthecommentsoftheworkshopandwillbe

placedtotheNationalForumforWSS.Wewillpreparenecessarybriefingpaperandpresentation.

FinalizingtheSecondSDP

AnycommentsmadebytheForumwillbeincorporatedinthefinalversion.OncetheSDPisapproved

bytheNationalForumwewillarrangeforitsprintinginEnglish.ABanglatranslationwillbeprepared

andcopiesinBanglawillalsobeprinted.WewillalsoprepareanSDPoverviewforpostinginwebsite.

FurtherdetailsoftheprintproductswillbediscussedandagreedwithPSU.


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26

4 InitialWorks

Ourteam

has

started

reviewing

the

existing

SDP

2005

and

other

literatures.

On

aregular

basis

we

are

exchangingourviewswithPSUand receiving theirguidance.Some initialworksarecompletedand

mentionedbelow.

4.1 PresentSituationandChallengesintheSector

Wearereviewingdocumentsrelevanttoourstudy.Belowisabriefdescriptionofourinitialfindingon

the present situation. Some significant challenges are presented in the boxes below. We are

continuing with this research and will update this part of the report with new finding and

developments.

RuralWaterSupply

Favorablegroundwatersourcesencouragedinstallationofhandpumptubewells,mostly(8085%)by

theusersthemselves.Majorityofthecountryisinshallowtubewellareas,thereareabout1tubewell

forevery20personscomparedtothenationalpolicystandardof1tubewellfor50persons.However,

thehighcoveragefiguredoesnotnecessarilyreflecttherealpictureofthecountry.Tillnow,therehas

not been much progress in mitigating the arsenic problem. Some hydrogeological factors (e.g.

arsenic, salinity and low groundwater levels), deeprooted poverty or other factors prevent market

forcesfromreachingallusers.Theprogressinreachingthepoorhasbeenlessencouraging.

Pourashavas

Out of 308 Pourashavas 120 have piped water supply, the remaining Pourashavas are covered by

mostlyhandpumptubewells.Intownswithpipedwatersupplyonlythecentralpartiscoveredbythe

pipednetwork.Thepipedwatersupplysystem is inefficient itsuppliesonly2to12hoursperday.

ThemanagementandO&Marepoorlowbillingandcollectionefficiencies.

Critical Issues Rural water supply

About 29% of shallow tubewells and 4% deep tubewells are found to be contaminated withbacteria. The main reasons are improper sanitary protection of tubewell surroundings, pooroperations and maintenance and improper handling of stored water in house. Preventativemeasures like Water Safety Plans (WSP) is essential to deliver safe water.

Baseline survey conducted by UPI in 2005 revealed that 79% tubewells are in running order.The number of private wells is 9 times higher than community ones. Community wells grosslycover 43% of the hardcore poor; the coverage varies from region to region.


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27

Cities

OutofthesixmetropolitancitiesDhakaandChittagongareunderWASAs.ThecoverageofDhakaand

Chittagong is about 57%. Recently Khulna is in the process of being covered under a WASA. In

remaining cities the City Corporation are responsible. Dhaka WASA does maintain a positive cash

balance and is able to generate some investment funds, but Chittagong WASA only covers its

operatingexpenses.Unaccountedforwaterstandscurrentlyat50%inDhakaand30%inChittagong.

Sanitation

The national baseline survey carried out in 2003 showed national coverage of 33% with hygienic

latrines (rural 29%, pourashava 53% and cities 70%) and another 25% with hygienic latrines. The

remaining58%populationpracticeopendefecation.Thesestatisticsshowsmassive threat topublic

healthandenvironment.ToimprovethissituationtheGovernmentofBangladeshhassetthenational

target of achieving one hundred percent sanitation coverage by 2010 and made strategies with

financialearmarking(i.e.20%ADPallocationtoLGIforsanitation).Sincethentherearetremendous

progresscomparedtothestagnantgrowth(about1%peryearinthe80sand90s.In2007thenational

sanitationcoverageis84%(rural84%,pourashavas87%andcities84%).Theannualgrowthratewas

Critical Issues Pourashava WS

Absence of demand management: Level of consumption is not a function of price but onavailability of supply.

Inadequate cost recovery:Low tariff and low collection results in covering only part of the O&Mcosts.

Political influence: Majorities of the defaulters are the influential people and public offices; beingafraid of losing popularity many pourashava leaders are reluctant to enforce payment

Insufficient service provision: small number of service connections, frustrating economies ofscale principles

Lack of autonomy: Pourashavas lack authority even to take operating decisions.

Critical Issues large cities

The ground water source in Dhaka is declining at a critical rate. New surface water sources(requiring high investment and operating costs) are now required. Chittagong is also facingwater source problem.

Although WASAs have higher autonomy than Pourashava, they need further decision makingpowers.

The operating efficiencies need to be drastically improved. For example the number ofemployees is high (17 per 1000 connections as compared to a desired target of 8). Huge

unaccounted for water (UfW) as well as non revenue water (NRW). About 35% of the urban population of the six metropolitan cities lives in slums (Slums in Urban

Bangladesh: Mapping and Census 2005). Most of them are deprived of water supply (andsanitation). A study carried out by Dhaka WASA in 2007 shows that in slums present watersupply coverage is 69% and sanitation is 48% only.


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28

rural22%,pourashava9%andcities6%.Theurbansanitationcoverageinlargecitiesareless60%in

Chittagongand82%inDhakaWASAsareas.

RecentDevelopments

The recent development in the sector will be considered for their influence in the SDP. Some new

developmentinthesectorissummarizedintheboxbelow.

Critical Issues sanitation

Challenges still remaining are to address are that (i) hardcore poor especially those who do nothave enough land for latrine construction, (ii) some unwilling people difficult to motivate forlatrine use, (iii) technically difficult places like flood prone areas and hilly areas where water isscarce and (iv) providing sanitation facilities in public places.

Sludge emptying or relocation of pits is a serious issue concerning sustained use of latrines. Sustainability, both in terms of latrine use and good hygiene practice, is a vital concern. Analysis of the growth trends of sanitation coverage of city corporations (with are high density

areas), particularly that of Dhaka show that they will not be able to achieve 100 % coverage bythe year 2010 if they continue making progress at this rate. Thus, different approaches are

needed in high-density urban areas which are lagging at this moment.

With more people living in urban areas in future, increasing the population density theenvironmental situation will further degrade, especially in the urban slums.

What is new related to the sector?

Introduction of Mid Term Budget Framework (similar to MTEF); by FY 2008-09 twelve ministriesof GOB including LGD is preparing MTBF for a 3-year time frameCommencement of SWAp in the education sub-sector - PEDP II with indication of early successInitiation of quasi SWAp type in LGD i.e. the Danida supported WSSPS IIRecent increased influx of aid in urban areas ADB and World Bank in DPHE and LGEDDutch coming back in the sector BRACs WASH projectIncreased GOB financing to small towns with emphasis on environmental and social issues new piped water supply schemes for upazila headquartersInnovative approaches HYSAWA Project LG based decentralized project, LGSP, etc.Attention to urban slums Dhaka WASAs Low-Income Community WSS project, Unicefsproject, etc.Many NGOs aligning towards LGI (NGO-F, DASCOH, WaterAid)GOB directive on CHT and increased aid flow to CHT (e.g. UNDP)Recent screening for climate change for WSS reveals that many installations are at high risk.Creation of Multi Donor Fund for Climate Change. GOB already allocated Taka 30 crore forClimate Change and donors are committing substantial amounts.


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4.2 PreparationfortheInceptionWorkshop

ThefirstmajoreventinthisstudywillbetheInceptionWorkshop.Itisscheduledon4March2009in

the auditorium of LGED. In order to ensure participation of the sector partners the workshop is

organizedattheonsetofthestudy.

The workshop will discuss the highlights of the present SDP, the areas of revision and update and

importantlythemethodologyoftheassignment.Themainobjectivesoftheworkshopare:

Introducetheassignmenttothestakeholdersandhighlightitsimportanceinthenationaldevelopmentagenda

ToinvolvethemajorstakeholdersintheSDPrevisionprocess Todiscussandvalidatethemethodologyoftheassignment ObtainfeedbacksspecificallyonwhotomaketherevisedSDPmoreoperational Toinformsomeinitialfindingsoftheassignmentliketheviewsofstakeholdersinsector

finance

WeexpectedthattheHonorableMinisterfortheMinistryofLocalGovernment,RuralDevelopment&

Cooperatives(LGRD&C),Mr.SyedAshraful Islam,MPwillattendasthechiefguest.HonorableState

MinisterforLGRD&C,Mr.JahangirKabirNanak,MPwouldbethespecialguest.Mr.ShaikhKhurshid

Alam, Secretary, Local Government Division would also be a special guest. Mr. Md. Lukman Hakim

Talukder, Joint Secretary (Water Supply), Local Government Division would chair the occasion.

Dignitarieslikeambassadorsandheadofmultimaterialagenciesisexpectedtogracetheoccasion.

We have contract an event management company, Expressions Limited, to manage this important

event.Allnecessarybackgroundandpreparationworksbeingcarriedout.

AbackgroundnoteontheInceptionWorkshopandtheworkshopscheduleisgivenAnnexC.

4.3 Stakeholderssurveytools

Inthe

Methodology

Section

(section

3.6)

we

have

described

the

importance

stakeholder

consultation,

hadidentifiedthemajorstakeholdergroupsanddiscussedhowwewhattocarryouttheconsultation

process.

Wewillcarryoutsystematicsurveyof theviews, theirprogrammesand fundingstatus.For thiswe

havepreparedthefollowingsurveytools


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StakeholderConsultationToolsStakeholdersGroup Tools Remarks

Donors Questionnaire

(Finalversion,seeAnnexD)

Writtenresponseanddiscussion

withtheheadofthesection

responsibleforWSS

LocalGovernmentDivision Checklist(draft,seeAnnexE)

Discussionwithhighlevelofficials,SecretaryandtheJoint

Secretary

CHTMinistry Checklist

(draft,seeAnnexF)

Discussionwithhighlevel

officials,SecretaryandtheJoint

Secretary

ThequestionnairesfordonorsarealreadycirculatedbytheProjectDirector,PSUandwearefollowing

upwiththedonors.

4.3

Subjects

of

revision

WepresentedourinitialassessmentofthesectorinSection4.1.Wewillcarryoutfurtherreviewand

analysis.AsmentionedintheTORidentifyingthesubjectsofSDPreviewandrevisionisacriticaltask.

Atthisstageofthestudy,andbasedonourassessmentmadesofar,weareproposingsomesubjects

of review. We had presented and discussed these subjects with a team consisting of the Project

Director, PSU other PSU members, Mr. Shams Uddin Ahmed, Deputy Secretary (WS), LGD and Mr.

ShamsulGafurMahmud,AssistantChiefEngineer,DPHE,Mr.Waliul Islam,PD,HYSAWAProject,on

twooccasions.Theirvaluablecommentsareincorporated.Table2showsthedraftsubjectsofreview

andrevision:itisdividedinto

generalsubjects, specificsubjectsand specificsubjectsbutnotincludednTOR.

Afurtherrefinementofthesubjectsofrevisionwillbemadeattheendofphase2.

Table2DraftSubjectsofReviewandRevision

Key

Subjects

Revision

(addition)Review

(Modify

existing)

Short

Description

GENERALSUBJECTS

1. PolicyFramework Reviewandupdate,ifrequiredRisksandAssumptionsofSDP


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31

KeySubjects Revision

(addition)

Review

(Modify

existing)

ShortDescription

2. UpdateSDP2005data

Reviewandupdate,ifrequired

3. StrategicDevelopmentPlan

forRural,

Pourashavasand

LargeCities(a4th

onemaybeforCHT)


4. CapacityBuildingandTransitionPlan


5. SectorInvestmentPlan


EvaluatepossiblecontributionsfromGOB,private

sector,NGOsandindividuals

Assessinstitutionalcapacitiesofgovernment

agenciestohandletheinvestments,PrepareaCMP

SPECIFICSUBJECTS

6. SWAp DefinetheSector,AssumptionsandRiskanalysisDonorharmonizationandalignment;roleofNGOs

7. ChittagongHillTracts

Policies,implementationmodalities;different

technologychoices;differentcommunity

participationandinstitutionalarrangements;CHT

ministry

8. ObjectivesandtargetsofSDP

Inlinewiththegovernmentmandate

9. WaterSafetyFramework

FurtherincorporatingWSPintothesectoractivities

10.ArsenicProblem Specific actionplanforarsenicmitigation;strategy11.Technologychoices

andtechnology

mixes

Forshort,mediumandlongterm;differenttypesof

technologiesaccordingtotechnicalrequirement,

levelofserviceandaffordability

12.Emergingtechnicalproblems

Groundwaterlevellowering,surfacewater,water

qualityissues

13.Urbansanitation Appropriatetechnologies;alternativetoconventionalsewer,addressingurbanpoor

14.Underservedpopulation

Lowincomecommunities,hardcorepoorand

geographicallydifficulttoreachpeople; water

scareareasDAP,(saline,excessiveironorwhereis

nofeasiblewatersource)


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KeySubjects Revision

(addition)

Review

(Modify

existing)

ShortDescription

15.Genderandcrosscuttingissues

Policies,institutionallinkagesandcapacitybuilding

regardinggenderandcrosscuttingissues

16.WorkingmodalitieswithUpazilaandZila

Parishad

WorkingmodalitieswithUZandUP;rolesand

divisionofworksbetweengovt.andlocal

government

17.ProcessFrameworkforPreparationof

WSSProjects

TheFrameworkwilloutlinethemainprocessthat

allprojectsinthesectorshouldfollow.Thiswill

ensurethatallnewprojectsarewithaagreed

commonframeworkoftheSDP;Thecomponentsof

theframeworkwillincludeparticipationand

consultationprocess,financing,technologychoices

guidelines,environmentalissues,socialassessment,

implementationmodalitiesandrolesfordifferent

stakeholders,monitoringandevaluation,etc.

18.Investmentpackages

Dividingthetotalinvestmentintoanumberof

investmentpackagesintheformofprogrammeor

projectswhichdonorsorgovernmentmaypickto

finance;thiswillmaketheSDPanoperational

SPECIFICSUBJECTSBUTNOTINCLUDEDINTOR

19.Economicreview EconomicreviewandaligningSDPtomacroeconomicaspectslikegrowthrate,education,

industrialization,

globalization,

etc;

investment

efficiencies;politicaleconomyanditsimpactonthe

sector

20.ClimateChange MitigationandadaptationmeasuresDisastermanagement

21.PrivateSectorParticipation

Roleofprivatesectorandwaystoincrease

participation;modalitiesofprivatesector

participationandrolesofotherpartnerslikegovt.,

LGIandNGOs;legalissues


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33

5. OutstandingIssues

Wehave

identified

some

issues

that

need

review

and

decisions.

These

are

mentioned

below.

5.1 Agreementonthesubjectsofrevision

InSection4 (Table2)wehavesuggesteddraftsubjectsofrevision.PSUhadmadesomesuggestion

and thesubjectsareadjustedaccordingly.TORofourstudymentions that thesesubjectswouldbe

reviewed by the subcommittee. We would request for an early approval of the subjects. This will

enable us to focus our course of actions and adjust the mix and timing of the inputs of individual

consultants.

5.2 AdditionalStaffrequirement

The subjects of revision show that the study needs to concentrate on several areas. However, the

consultant positions that we have proposed and is in our contract (the positions and expertise

requiredareaccordingtotheTOR)doesnothavealltheexpertise,experienceortimeallocationsto

carryouttasksforthosesubjects.Thussomeadditionalconsultantstaffsarerequired ifwewantto

addressthesubjects,especiallytheonesnotincludedintheTOR.

Inthe followingTableweproposereviewandapprovaloftheadditionalconsultantstaffs (positions

andtimeframe).

RequirementofadditionalconsultantstaffPosition Staffmonth

inPhase1

Staffmonth

inPhase2

TotalStaff

month

1. Economist 2 4 62. SAWpExpert 1 3 43. CHTExpert 2 4 64. ClimateChangeExpert 1 2 35. PPPExpert 3 3

Total 6 16 22

WeareawarethatsomedonoragencieslikeDfIDmayprovidesomestaffs/consultantstosupportthisstudy.Obtainingsupportfromthoseagencieswouldtakesometime,perhapsmorethanamonth.As

addressing thesubjects isneeded rightnow,we request toallowus toaddnewconsultants inour

contract.TheCVsoftheproposedconsultantswillbesubmittedforPSUsapproval.

5.3 Agreementontheconsultationprocess


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34

Proper stakeholderconsultation is oneof the fundamentals forpreparing theSecondSDP. Wehad

assessedtherequirementandproposedaconsultationprocesswhich includesorganizingworkshops

indifferentregionsandinDhaka.DetailsaregiveninSection3.6.

Werequesttokindlyreviewandapprovetheconsultationprocess,especiallytheworkshopsbecause

thosehavebudgetimplications(mentionedbelow)

5.4. WorkPlanandManningSchedule

TheworkplanisgiveninAnnexGandthemanningscheduleinAnnexG


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6. AdditionalBudget

Therequirement

of

additional

consultant

staff

and

workshops

for

the

consultant

process

isdescribed

inSection5.2andSection5.3,respectively.Theadditionalbudgetrequirementsareshownbelow.

CostsforadditionalconsultantstaffItems Quantity Rate(Taka) Amount(Taka)

Economist 6 180,000 1,080,000

SAWpExpert 4 120,000 480,000

CHTExpert 6 120,000 720,000

ClimateChangeExpert 3 120,000 360,000

PPPExpert 3 120,000 360,000

Total 22

3,000,000

CostsforconsultativeworkshopsItems Quantity Rate(Taka) Amount(Taka)

RegionalWorkshop 4 50,000 200,000

ThematicWorkshop 7 50,000 350,000

Total 10 550,000

TORmentionsoforganizingthreenationalworkshopsforwhichabudgetofTaka600,000 isfixed in

thecontract.ThefirstInceptionWorkshop ina lessexpensivevenue isestimatedtocostaboutTaka

600,000.Theother twoworkshopswithmoreparticipantswouldcosthigher.Thecostof the three

nationalworkshopsisestimatedbelow.

CostsfornationalworkshopsItems Quantity Rate(Taka) Amount(Taka)

InceptionWorkshop 1 600,000 600,000

SecondNationalWorkshop 1 800,000 800,000

ThirdNationalWorkshop 1 800,000 800,000

Total 3

2,200,000

TheestimatedtotalcostoftheconsultativeworkshopsandnationalworkshopsisTaka2,750,000.We

suggesttoconsidertakingtheworkshopbudgetofoutofourcontractandbebornedirectlybyPSU.

Documents

SDP Inception.pdf