SDI for Support of

Urban Development

Istanbul - Turkiye

Arif Cagdas AYDINOGLU

Assoc. Prof. Dr., Gebze Technical University, Turkey

www.arifcagdas.com

Data archive Geojson Python Plugin Java script Object oriented programming Java Web application

Geoprocessing Html5 Smartphone mobile GPRS RESTful Semantic web Harmonization Geoportal

ISO/TC211 standards 19107, 19109 OSM (Open Street Map) UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Drone GNSS (Global

Navigation Satellite System) Mass data Open data Crowd sourcing VGI (Voluntary Geographic Information)

Big data Radar Remote Sensing, SAR (Sidelooking Airborne Radar) Geomarketing 2D Semantics

OBIA (Object Based Image Analysis) 4D BIM (Building Information Model) Data archive Augmented reality

Indoor GML / City GML 4D Web platforms System architectur e OGC services (Open GIS Consortium)

Web processing services SDI service components UAV LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) Mobile GISPoint cloud

analysis Programming in Python UML (Unified Modelling Language) XML (Extensible Markup Language) Qualitative

GIS Open source software Citizen Science Data Quality SDI TUCBS TRGUS KBS Smart Cities ….

Overview

Introduction with Urban Development

Turkey SDI projects related to INSPIRE

Case application for TRGIS and INSPIRE

Projects in Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality

Discussion and Conclusion

• Turkey’s administration is based on central management.

• Province (Il) is the main administrative units managed by

governors

• County (Ilce) is sub administrative unit of the province.

• Metropolitan Municipality (Büyükşehir Belediyesi) covers

provincial area with the population > 750.000 inside 100km

• Municipality (Belediye) is built in the county, and managed

by mayor.

• District (Mahalle) is the lowest level local administrative

unit managed by reeve in the municipal areas.

30 Metropolitan Munic. with 519 county Munic.

51 province county + 400 county + 397 town

= 1397 municipalities

31873 districts in the municipal areas of Turkey

Introduction – Urban Development

According to the law 5216 and 5393; (Metropolitan) Municipalities must build Urban GIS.

• 113 legislations related to Urban GIS were examined (1 anayasa, 64 kanun, 44 yönetmelik, 2 tüzük, 2 KHK) in view of data requirements and working processes of Urban GIS.

Introduction – Urban Development

According to the no.6360 Metropolitan Municipality Law in 2014;

30 Metropol.Munic. cover %65 of Turkey with more tasks for Urban + Land Management

Introduction – Urban Development

AGRICULTURAL

ZONING

GROUNDWATER

MINE

SKY USE

INDUSTRIAL

COASTAL

Mine

Landslide area

Admin. boundary

Power Trrans. Line

Pipe line

Flight cone

Noise zone

Land Use

Geologic ...

Flood area

Zoning

Protected areas

Road ...

Air pollution

Tax zone

Land GIS All rights, restrictions ad responsibilities should be registered..!

PARCEL

• Mapping; application, current map, urban atlas, direction for building survey, servitude, condominium, building license, building inspection, building permits

• Plan and Zoning; zoning applications, split-merge- leaving process of parcel, zoning certificate, development plan and plan changes.

• Support Services; breakdown services, waste water network, road maintenance and repair, transport network, natural gas network, drinking water

Introduction – Urban GIS Applications

• Licence, control, and income; environment tax, property tax, advertising tax, fuel station license, business license, car park management, public inventory management

• Environment, parks, and security; waste management and pollution management, energy efficiency, management of urban furniture, fire services, market place, police services, landscaping

• Social works and health services; social services and welfare, cemetery, veterinary and health

Belediye Meclisi

Harita Müdürlüğü

Kontrol Mühendisi

Saha Ekibi

Valilik

Halihazır Harita

Güncelle

Kontrol Mühendisi

Görevlendir

Adres Bilgi

Paftalarını Al

Saha Çalışmalarını

Başlat

Yol Başlangıç Bitiş

Noktalarını Belirle

Yol İsimlerini İlçe

Bazında Tekilleştir

Tahsisler ile

Birlikte Yeniden Numaralandır

Sahadan Mevcut

Durumu Topla

Adres Bilgi

Paftası Üret

Kontrol

Mühendisinden Onay Al

Tabelalama

İşlemini Yap

Tabelalama

İşlemini Başlat

Onayla

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

«uses»

Belediye

Valilik

«uses»

Adres Bilgi

Paftalarını Onayla

Adres Bilgi

Paftalarını Onayla

Belediye

Meclisinie Onaya Gönder

Harita

MüdürülüğüValilik

Halihazır Güncellenmesi

Kontrol

MühendisiSaha Ekibi

Görevlendirme

Saha çalışmasının başlama talebi

Sahadaki mevcut durum. Cadde/Sokak isimleri Kapı Numaraları

Yolların başlangıç bitiş noktalarının kesinleştirilmesi

Yol isimlerinin ilçe bazında tekilleştirilmesi

Tahsisler ile birlikte yeniden numaralandırma yapılması

Belediye Meclisi

Adres Bilgi Paftaları

Onay Verilir

Yeni adres bilgileri onaya sunulur

Yeni adresler onaylanır

Tabelalama işleminin başlatılması isteği

İş Teslimi

Adres Bilgi Paftaları

Onay

Tabelalama İşlemi

Introduction – Urban GIS Applications

• After 1990s, digital map production

• 1:5000 smaller maps; The General Command of Mapping produces STMs

• 1:5000 and larger maps; Municipalities produces Large Scale Topo. Maps

• TAKBIS- Land Registry & Cadastre Inf. Systems manages 5 million land registry processes

• UrbanGIS projects declared by %25 of 1397 municipalities

• Other public institutions have produced GIS projects serving their needs.

• CORS-TR- Continuously Operating Reference Stations –Turkey

780.000 km2

CORS_TR Stations .147

Turkey SDI: TRGIS

TKGM

E-transformation (2003)

Action – 47 (2003)

Action – 36 (2005)

KYM – 75 (2006-2010)

CBS GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ (2011- … )

Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Dir. of GIS was built in 2011; - coordinating all GIS activities - determining standards and building TRGIS - ...

TRGIS and UrbanGIS projects in 2011 • TRGIS project for 86 general directorates - defining national geo-data standards - geo-portal development - determining institutional and policy requirements • UrbanGIS project for 1397 municipalities + 81 provincial

Admin. - determining UrbanGIS geo-data standards - current situation analysis for UrbanGIS - Determining legal and financial requirements

Turkey SDI: TRGIS

• TRGIS Legistation, similar to INSPIRE directive, published in March 2015.

• TRGIS administration structure was defined.

• TRGIS vision, strategy, and other

regulation needs were determined.

• It addresses for TRGIS geo-data themes’ metadata, and portal.

• However not put into practice yet.

• Legislative conflict for interministrial

coordination

In 15 ministries; 86 General Directories,

TRGIS (TUCBS)

AT NATIONAL level (TRGIS); In 15 ministries; 86 General Directories, 88 Head of Deparments, 118 Branchs, 366 People (Fieldwork +Workshop) 254 Map/Application/Product analysis

AT LOCAL level (UrbanGIS); the best UrbanGIS practices-

16 local Governments analysis 210 out of 1395 municipalities

71 Map/Application/Product analysis

Data requirement and institutional analysis

TRGIS Data Specification Methodology

TRGIS Data Specification Methodology

TRGIS is a base geo-data model and includes data sets that users/sectors need to share

TRGIS Data Specification

TRGIS

International Standards

National Standards

Sector Standards

TAKBİS as a sector

TRGIS

UrbanGIS as a sector …

AD BI TK

… … Gate Addres

Building

… …

…

Cadastre IndepUnit

Registry

LandReg

… …

… …

…

…

…

TRGIS Data Specification

Geo. Reference System Geo. Grid System Temel/Sıklaştırma Ağları

Geodesy JD

Lake / Pond River Sea/ regions

HI Hydrography

Fizyografya/Hipsografya Digital elevation Bathymetry Coastline

TO Topography

Land Cover / Use

Land Cover AR

Administrative Units Institutional Regions

IB Admin. Unit

Land registry/Cadastre TK Cadastre

Road Railroad Seaway Airline Transportation Infrast.

Transportation UL

Jeoloji Jeo-morfoloji Toprak

JF Geology

Bitki Örtüsü Biyocografik Bölgeler Habitat Bölgeleri Türlerin Dağılımı (Bitki/Hayvan)

BI Biovariety

Meteorolojik Hava ve atmosferik durum İklim Bölgeleri

HA Weather/Climate

İçmesuyu Kanalizasyon Haberleşme Doğalgaz Petrol Boru Elektrik Jeo Termal

AL Infrastructure

Bölge Planı Çevre Düzeni Planı İl Çevre Düzeni Planı İmar Planı

PL Plan

Tarihi-Doğal Özel Çevre Koruma Bölg. Askeri Yasak Bölg. Kentsel Koruma Bölg. Havza Bölg.

YA Protected/Rest.

Ekosistem Kaynakları Su Kaynakları Tarımsal/ToprakKaynaklarıOrman Kaynakları Balıkçılık Kaynakları Jeolojik Kaynaklar Yenil. Enerji Kaynakları

DO Natural Resources

Kentsel ve Kırsal Yerleşim Nüfus Dağılımı /Demografi Turizm Varlıkları Kültür Varlıkları İnsan Sağlığı ve Güvenliği

SO Social/Culture

BA

SE D

ATA

TH

EMES

THEM

ATIC

DAT

A T

HEM

ES

Orthophoto Satellite Images

Ortophoto OR

Adres Yer İsimleri Numarataj

AD Address

Building Public/Agri./Indust. Serv. Commercial Services

BI Building TRGIS Data Specification

Base data themes were designed and accepted in 2011.

Conceptual Model Components for - the development of data standards and - interoperability of geo- data sets

• Geoportal: National Geographic Data portal

• ATLAS: presenting of spatial data sets of the ministry on

the web • Geology data base (for INSPIRE Geology)

• True OrthoPhoto and Geospatial Data Product Project

(for INSPIRE Orthoimagery) • E-plan and plan identification number

• Forestry GIS, Water GIS, …

• Protected Sites, Land Cover (for INSPIRE)…

TRGIS Portal + Data Specifications

Ministry of Forestry and Water

TRGIS.BI Building Data Theme

INSPIRE Building theme concept + TRGIS data requirements

- For INSPIRE Extension, language differences ! - Defining inherited objects is difficult, because of national – sector model interaction

TRGIS.TK Land Registry & Cadastre

INSPIRE Cadastre classes + LADM approach + TRGIS requirements

- TRGIS.TK GML not validated/used !

• Equal to INSPIRE AU without marine side

TRGIS.IB Administrative Unit

INSPIRE.AU

• Some constraints specific for Turkey were added. • New inherited feature types and equal code lists.

INSPIRE.AU TRGIS.IB

TUCBS:BI

TUCBS:TK TUCBS:ID TUCBS:UL

class Capraz Iliski

«FeatureType»

Adres

+ konum: CografiKonum [1..*] {ordered}

+ konumlayici: AdresKonumlayici [1..*] {ordered}

+ tucbsNo: NesneTanimlayici

«voidable, l ifeCycleInfo»

+ versiyonBaslangicTarihi: DateTime

+ versiyonBitisTarihi: DateTime [0..1]

+ versiyonNo: CharacterString

«FeatureType»

DisKapi

+ eskiKapiNo: Integer

+ geometri: GM_Point

+ kapiNo: CharacterString

+ kapiTuru: NumaratajTipi

+ uavtNo: Integer

+ yerlesimAcisi: Real

«FeatureType»

AdresBilesenleri

+ tucbsNo: NesneTanimlayici

«voidable, l ifeCycleInfo»

+ versiyonBaslangicTarihi: DateTime

+ versiyonBitisTarihi: DateTime [0..1]

«FeatureType»

CSBM

+ csbmAdi: CharacterString

+ csbmKodu: Integer

+ csbmTuru: CharacterString {ordered}

«voidable»

+ sabitTanitimNumarasi: CharacterString [0..1]

«FeatureType»

IdariBirimAdi

+ il: CharacterString

+ ilce: CharacterString

+ Kod: IdariBirimKodu

+ mahalle/koy: CharacterString

«FeatureType»

KapiNo

+ disKapiNo

+ icKapiNo: CharacterString [0..1]

+ turu: NumaratajTipi

«FeatureType»

ID::MahalleKoy

«FeatureType»

UL::YolHatti

«FeatureType»

UL::YolTanitimi«FeatureType»

TK::Parsel«FeatureType»

BI::Bina

+Numarataj

0..1

+AdresDisKapi

1

+bilesen 3..*

1 0..*

+Detay

«voidable»

0..1

1

1..*

1

1..*

1

0..2

1..*

1..*

1

TRGIS.AD Address theme

- Similar to INSPIRE

- INSPIRE core attributes was revised !.

- Address components focusing on Turkey, but approach is similar. !

Spatial Address Registration

System (MAKS)

(for INSPIRE address) in 2011 by Interior Ministry- Gen.Dir. Of Population and Citizenship

Central Population

Management System

(MERNIS)

Unique citizenship ID after 2000.

Other projects relating to TRGIS

Interior

Ministry

National Address

Database (UAVT)

in 2006, “Numbering and

Address Database

Regulation” …

7

2. 3D CITY MODELLING

Nowadays it is possible to create 3D city models at a reasonable cost due to the rapid

development of computer hardware, and possibility of data acquisition from stereo

aerial images. This development has increased several application of three

dimensional spatial information in a variety of fields including urban planning,

telecommunications, ecology, tourism and entertainment [5].

A common understanding is that every 3D city model consists of a digital elevation

model with ground height and 3D building data with building heights. Usually a 3D

city model represents an existing city but in some applications, especially in gaming

and entertainment, it may have no counterpart in the real world [5]. For instance, in

the virtual 3D City Model of Berlin (Fig.2.1) several data sources has been used such

as cadastral data, digital terrain model, aerial image, building models and different

variants of city object colections [6].

Figure 2.1 : A view from 3D City Model of Berlin [6].

kentBIS_nesne

Landscape Water Urban

Furniture LandUse …

International Journal of Geographical Information Science 11

Figure 2. Triangulated terrain integrated with IMGeo objects (Emgård and Zlatanova 2008).

Figure 3. Example of the employed 2.5D topological principle (Oude Elberink and Vosselman2009).

Another Dutch data set, that is, the 2.5D topographical data set of Rijkswaterstaat

(DTB), already supports a similar 2.5D topological structure of topography. Examples are

shown in Figure 4 (Rijkswaterstaat 2011). Although this data set shows that such 2.5D

data structures are already in existence and therefore feasible, it does not yet contain

height information within the polygon surfaces, in contrast to the LOD0 representations

of CityGML–IMGeo.

3.2.5. Define the reference system

CityGML–IMGeo uses the Spatial Reference System (SRS) EPSG:7415. This is

a combined SRS of x, y coordinates in the national reference system (called

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UML XMI XML Schema

TRGIS- Urban GIS themes

A challenging ETL

A simple ETL

Case Application: TRGIS ve INSPIRE

Case Application: TRGIS.GML

Case Application: TRGIS.GML

Case Application: TRGIS.GML

Case Application: TRGIS.IB >> INSPIRE.AU

Case Application: TRGIS.IB and INSPIRE.AU datasets in QGIS

DISCUSSION • TRGIS can be compatible with INSPIRE without extra work,

but data production do not touch application needs.!

• SDI stakeholders are at national, but applications at local level.

• Small municipalities have difficulty for know-how, experience, and sources.

• Well-organized coordination roles should be defıned clearly for SDI stakeholders, encouraging their partnership with the private sector.

• No real Urban GIS standard and implementation directive.

• Regulations for all municipalities, but different needs and capacity in the municipalities.

• Data specification guidelines and detailed cookbook are required to develop data specifications.

• Open data interoperability and data transformation need capacity building activities, because people are familiar with traditional GIS software.

• Best practices for INSPIRE should be presented to data providers as an example.

• To develop data policy, More open data More services.

• User needs and value-added are priorities for INSPIRE.

Urban GIS by Cloud Computing

Data Collection Data Preperation Software Development

Urban GIS by Cloud Computing

GIS SDK,

Server/desktop software

Numbering Module Licencing Module Zoning Module

Infrastructure Module

e-plan

Urban GIS by Cloud Computing

POLICY

TECHNOLOGY

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

Coordination: Public- Private-

University- Citizens

Open data and easy sharing

/pricing policies

Coordination and defining stakeholder roles clearly

Adaptation to technical standards

Quality and mew trends

for data collection

CLOUD platform services

Information Society reforms

Interaction with national

policies

Value-added applications

Planning investment

collaborately

Providing public

participation

Education and capacity building activities

Increasing awareness

Sharing applications

and best practices

Economic contribution

with data sharing

Developing methodology for

data/service production

Developing data specs.

for the applications

CONCLUSION

Thanks...

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arif Cagdas AYDINOGLU Gebze Technical University

TURKEY

web: www.arifcagdas.com

e-mail: arifcagdas@gmail.com