SDC Humanitarian AidCooperation Strategy West Africa2013–2016

Table of content

1 Introductory Remarks 4

2 Context Analysis 5

3 Rationale for a Swiss Engagement in West Africa 2013–2016 11

4 Strategic Orientation for 2013–2016 15

5 Implementation Modalities 18

6 Monitoring and Reporting 20

7 Financial and Human Resources 21

8 Annexes 23

0 500 km

EDA GeodiensteData Source: Natural EarthAll boundaries are shown for illustration purpose only and do not reflect any official position of Switzerland.

GUINEA

LIBERIA

SIERRA LEONE CÔTE D'IVOIRE

BENIN

NIGERMALI

BURKINA FASO

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1 Introductory Remarks

The present Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humani-tarian Aid for West Africa (CSWA) covers the years 2013 to 2016 and is placed under the overall guid-ance of the Strategic Axes for Swiss engagement in Sahel 2014–2016 currently in elaboration. The CSWA takes into consideration the evolution of the regional context since the elaboration of the Medium Term Programme (MTP) 2010–121. Geographically, the new Cooperation Strategy for West Africa 2013–16 refers to 16 countries with a total population of around 285 million people.

Until now, most of SDC-Humanitarian Aid (HA) ac-tivities focused on the so called Mano River Union (MRU), namely the four states of Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cote d’Ivoire and Guinea (Conakry)2 (marked yellow on the map). Since 2001, SDC’s emergency response

1 2013 is in many aspects a transitional year. The MTP 2010–12 remains valid until the end of 2013.

2 These four countries will consequently be referred to as “countries of the Mano River Union”.

and humanitarian actions in these four countries are coordinated by the Swiss Programme Office (SPO) in the MRU. This gives the advantage to be present in the region and to have a vast partner network at hand in the case of emerging or aggravating crises in a neighbouring country. SDC/HA considers phasing down in 2014 and phasing out from the MRU region in 2015.

The most important difference in the new CSWA 2013–16 compared to the MTP 2010–12 is the explicit strategic inclusion of the four Sub-Saha-ran countries Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Benin3 (marked blue on the map). SDC/HA has positioned a Regional Humanitarian Advisor for the Sahel coun-tries in the Coordination Office for Mali in Bamako. Whereas SDC-Regional Cooperation (RC) has a long term and development-oriented focus in these Sa-hel countries with an existing Cooperation Strategy (CS) for each country, SDC/HA will address current and upcoming humanitarian needs in a complemen-tary and subsidiary way, accompanied by preventive measures to reduce disaster risks and build resilience. In the remaining countries of West Africa, SDC/HA will only intervene in case of major conflicts and natural disasters with significant humanitarian con-sequences.

SDC’s Global Cooperation (SDC/GC), the Human Security Division (HSD), and the Federal Office for Migration (FOM) are also conducting programmes in West Africa. The Strategic Axes for Swiss engage-ment in Sahel 2014–2016 which will be finalized in 2014 is a common overarching strategy for all Swiss governmental actors present in Sahel.

3 These four countries will consequently be referred to as “countries of the Sahel Zone”.

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West Africa – whose population has increased by 400% over the last 60 years – is experiencing ex-treme poverty, state fragility, violence, and recurring humanitarian disasters. The eight countries covered by this strategy rank in the bottom 20 of the Human Development Index (HDI 2012). In most of them, weak and corrupt governments are unable to provide basic services, such as health, water, and education. For the past 25 years, civil wars, coups, repression, in-ter-communal or election-related violence, have been features of many countries in the region, displacing hundreds of thousands across the region and pav-ing the way to impoverishment for large segments

of their populations. The same population also bears the brunt of consequences of natural disasters, such as droughts and floods.

Moreover, population’s movements have been, and still are, a constant reality in the region for centu-ries. The combined and mutually reinforcing effects of climate change, extreme poverty, and weak gov-ernance, expose millions of people in this region to severe threats of food insecurity and malnutrition.

2.1 Mano River Union Countries MRU: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cote d’Ivoire and Guinea

Political, economic and social context: The four countries of the MRU can all be categorized as fragile states. Liberia and Sierra Leone are pilot countries of the “New Deal” of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Poverty, lack of infrastructure, corruption, and espe-cially youth unemployment are some of the ailments of the sub-region.

On the positive side, stability in Cote d’Ivoire is returning slowly, with periodic setbacks. A recent surge in violence highlights the difficulty the gov-ernment will have in demobilizing and reintegrating former government and opposition forces. Govern-ment revenue will benefit from aid, the expansion of the tax base, and economic growth. The economy will be supported by rising government spending, a construction boom, and higher cocoa production. The successful and calm November elections in Si-erra Leone in 2012 will also foster political stability there, but ethno-regional tensions will persist. Fast economic growth and promises to improve public services have heightened people’s expectations and

the government will be under pressure to raise living standards or risk triggering popular resentment.

With the indefinite postponement of the legislative election, which took finally place in September 2013, and the long-lasting instability enhanced by the controversial election results, Guinea’s democratic transition appears to be faltering. Political stability remains very fragile as the government faces the key challenges of reconciling ethnic groups, reforming the military, and managing popular expectations re-garding living standards and public-service delivery. 62.3% of Guinea’s population lives in extreme pov-erty.

2 Context Analysis

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In Liberia, the government will focus on deliver-ing on its election pledges through job creation and better service provision. The problem of youth un-employment is particularly visible, with 49% of the population younger than 15 years of age. Almost no one between 16 and 26 has a formal job. The youth could very well rise up and cause serious social disturbances, as during the 2011 elections. Further-more, the security umbrella provided by UNMIL will decrease as its military presence will be downsized over the coming years. Slow progress will add to the perception of a gap between the rhetoric of the ad-ministration and its limited achievements.

Conflicts and security: During the past 25 years, all of the four countries were, in one way or another, involved in violence, ranging from civil strife, military coup, to outright civil war. Unsolved long-term politi-cal, economic, and ethnic problems, as well as land rights, are the root causes of the violence. Liberia and Sierra Leone are the only glimmer of hope in a sub-region, which is not yet fully pacified. Like small fires, conflicts of different natures are regularly flaring up. Their prompt containment is of utmost importance since widespread, even cross-border conflicts, are still possible due to ethnic links and the availability of small arms. This security interdependency is of pri-mary importance to the MRU and in a larger sense also to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

The internal conflict in Cote d’Ivoire in 2010 has shown how fragile the regional equilibrium is. The efforts by the government of Cote d’Ivoire and Li-beria to pacify the border region are substantial. Nevertheless, forces on both sides of the border are acting to sabotage these efforts. Although the insta-bility in Cote d’Ivoire has subsided, 54,000 Ivorian refugees still remain in Liberia. There is continued concern over cross border movements of arms and mercenaries, particularly given the influence of in-ternational drug cartels. Guinea has been oscillat-ing from relative calm to flare-ups of minor and even major conflicts. After several successful democratic election processes, the country seems to have taken the road to peace, but the risk of social or ethnic

tensions remain. And even in Sierra Leone, one has to be attentive of existing subliminal conflict causes.

Humanitarian priorities and challenges: Although the situation in the MRU is not considered as a hu-manitarian emergency anymore, great humanitarian needs persist, especially among displaced, host and returned population. Liberia is still hosting 54’000 Ivorian refugees – the security situation and access to land is preventing them to return to their coun-try, while 17,400 persons returned to Côte d’Ivoire in 2013. In parallel, the UNHCR closed a programme of repatriation of 155’000 Liberian refugees from Côte d’Ivoire in late 2012. Food security and mal-nutrition rates are of concern. Food insecure people are estimated to be half a million in North and West Côte d’Ivoire, 750,000 in Liberia and 1.6 million in Guinea. Chronic malnutrition among children below 5 years old reaches rates as high as 42% in Liberia and 34.7% in Guinea. Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) remains a key protection concern, particularly in Sierra Leone and Liberia. More than 6,500 incidents of domestic- and gender-based vio-lence were reported in Sierra Leone in the first eight months of 2013, almost as many as in the whole of 2012. Impunity surrounding gender-based crimes is a major contributing factor.

Donors’ environment: The region is subdivided be-tween the French (Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea) and the UK/USA (Sierra Leone, Liberia) donors’ sphere of influ-ence, with China being also increasingly visible. The main donors in Liberia, i.e. United States of Amer-ica (USA), European Union (EU), China, Norway, and Sweden, are supporting development activities and bilateral budget support. The USAID bilateral mission in Liberia is the Agency’s second largest in Africa. Since 1990 Liberia has received more than €240 mil-lion of EU support. In May 2013, the Chinese Gov-ernment announced a USD 2.6 billion investment in Liberia’s Iron Ore Industry. Also, China has joined the UN peacekeeping operation in Liberia since De-cember 2003 with nearly 600 Chinese peacekeepers serving with UNMIL. In Cote d’Ivoire and Guinea, donor interest in real development support faltered after the emergency phase, while in Sierra Leone the UK has a leading role.

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2.2 Sahel Zone

Political, economic and social context: Mali and Niger – who can hardly exercise authority over their entire vast territories – must be categorized as fragile states, so do Burkina Faso but to a much lesser ex-tent. The logic of a centralized government trying to control resources and marginalize periphery has been at the heart of demands of the Tuareg in Mali and Niger for more rights and autonomy.

One of the main problems of the Sahel zone is the combination of dramatic demographic growth with the decrease of arable land mainly due to man-made degradation, and exacerbated by climate change. Moreover, combined with the effects of desertifica-tion, shrinking range lands and augmenting herds increase contacts between sedentary farmers and livestock herders, potentially contributing to con-flicts. Food security and nutrition monitoring in the Sahel countries is being undertaken through aid agencies in close collaboration with state and region-al actors. Most Sahel Zone countries are landlocked (Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad), thus logisti-cally dependent in terms of supply corridors towards West Africa’s main ports of entry. In most countries, self-reliance on food production has therefore been recently upgraded as national priority.

The situation in the Sahel zone is dominated by re-current food insecurity which has been exacerbated by the Mali’s political crisis in 2012 and its regional consequences. Formerly seen as a serene African de-mocracy, Mali was in fact suffering from a corrupted and rather incompetent administration at many dif-ferent levels. A coup in March 2012 paved the way for a serious deterioration of the situation (see Con-flicts and Security). Despite the French military in-tervention early 2013 and successful presidential and legislative, the root causes of the crisis are still threat-ening the very fragile stability of the country.

Burkina Faso, a relatively quiet African republic over the last 25 years, has started showing signs of convulsions at the beginning of 2011 when the President Blaise Compaoré, in office since the coup that brought him to power in 1987, saw his power challenged by a series of clashes between police and armed forces. This period of unrest allowed seeing many take the streets to challenge his power. Protest-ers, mostly students and magistrates, raised against soaring prices, lack of social services, and, for the lat-ter, injustice in the share of power. Since June 2011, the situation in Burkina Faso is again quiet, but the social inequalities are not solved, the situation could therefore rapidly turn again.

Although one of the poorest countries in the world, Niger benefits of a relatively solid expertise among some of its institutions. As a result, regional institu-tions have settled in Niamey. Presidential elections in 2011 have comforted the resumption of economic

and humanitarian activities, which had been reduced after the coup in 2010. However, the food security status of the country, hit by recurring droughts or floods, chronic poverty, and climate change, has evolved into a semi-permanent crisis level, requiring support by international aid agencies. An attempt to tackle these issues has materialized recently into the “3N” governmental initiative “Les nigériens nour-rissent les nigériens”. Still, the country stands the world lowest on the HDI scale (186th) and among highest in annual population growth (3.6%).

Faced with economic desperation, some of the Sa-hel’s youths are choosing migration as a coping mechanism.

Conflicts and security: Following the Arab spring, armed militias originating from the collapse of Libya, exacerbated tensions in Northern Mali, fuelling a Tuareg-led rebellion in 2012. Led by the Captain Sa-nogo, a military coup overthrew President Amadou Toumani Toure in March 2012. The vacuum was ex-ploited by armed groups (AQIM, MUJAO, MNLA …) to root out an already poorly equipped and disorgan-ized army. By mid-2012, those groups controlled all major towns in Northern Mali and started to scatter into armed sub-groups displaying various degrees of nuisance towards the civilian population. Only a French-led international military intervention start-ing in January 2013 succeeded in pushing back the armed groups. However, asymmetrical warfare has since begun. While the state is expected to reinstall a certain authority over the population and while the deployment of the Mission multidimensionnelle intégrée des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation au Mali (MINUSMA) is underway, the need for a political settlement to address the deep causes of the conflict is greater than ever.

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Niger, despite better organised armed forces than its northern and western neighbours (at the exception of Algeria), faces increased security concerns from various external and internal threats. Beside insecu-rity caused by arms, human and drug trafficking, the situation in North Mali, Libya and Nigeria is having a negative influence on Niger. Root causes of past rebellions in the country have not yet been addressed and a genuine dialogue is yet to be launched. Cou-pled with unemployment, youth’s frustration and religious radicalisation, the social situation remains difficult. The brutal military intervention of Nigeria in its northern federal states has aggravated the con-flict and displaced thousands of people in the region. Moreover, the diplomatic relations between Niger and Libya are quite tense.

Humanitarian priorities and challenges: More than 500,000 people have been forced to flee the conflict in Northern Mali, including more than 175,000 to Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mauritania. Most local authorities and civil servants having left Northern Mali, and most of them having not re-turned yet, State’s basic services are on a standstill. Humanitarian access continues to be very difficult in Northern Mali and challenging in some of the refu-gees’ areas in neighbouring countries. People are in need of protection and assistance, including food, health, WASH, education, and effective dialogue and reconciliation process in their areas of origin. Although insecurity prevails, a growing return move-ment has been observed since mid-2013, shifting the needs of some of the concerned population towards reintegration and reconstruction. The food security situation in the north remains critical with already 1.2 million people in need of food assistance and an ag-ricultural season 2013–14 predicted to be average.

Food insecurity and malnutrition plague the entire region, not only in the peak hunger season, but also in the lean season: 13 million people are food inse-cure in Sahel and 230,000 children die every year of malnutrition. Climate change has increased both the frequency and severity of droughts (2005, 2010, and 2011). The challenge will be to reverse the erosion of resilience of the population and to strengthen the governments’ capacities, so that not every drought leads to a famine. On the positive side, the response to the Sahel food and nutrition crisis in early 2012 has been relatively swift, thanks to improved Early Warning Systems (EWS).

Other frequent natural disasters in the region (Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Benin, and Cameroon) include floods.

Donors’ environment: Following the military coup and the Mali crisis, most development funding and particularly budget aid have been suspended. After the Ougadougou agreement in June 2013, the in-ternational community met at a donor conference in Brussels and pledged €3.25 billion to implement the Plan for the Sustainable Recovery of Mali 2013–2014 (PRED). Following the Presidential election, most of the development funding and budget aid resumed.

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2.3 Outlook and Scenarios

he Swiss engagement in West Africa for the period 2013–2016 is operating on the assumption of a “most likely” scenario, jointly elaborated with col-leagues from SDC Regional Cooperation (SDC/RC) at a workshop in November 2012 and in additional bilateral meetings. For the Sahel Zone, the focus is on the Mali crisis and on its regional consequences. As

for the Mano River region, a progressive phasing out is considered for 2015. According to any scenario, the need to provide humanitarian assistance will re-main vital in the upcoming years for both of the tar-geted zones in West Africa:

Region Most-likely scenario Impact on needs Risks / Assumptions

Mano River Union (MRU)

• Political: The democratic process is ongoing but shows some shortcomings

• Economy: Economic development is improving due to increase of investment, particularly in infrastructure

• Social/Humanitarian: Social services are improving although HDI index in all 4 countries remains in the last twenty

• Security: Regional security is still fragile but a relative peace is reigning in the region

• Environment: Governments are not well prepared to pre-vent and respond to natural disasters

• Decreased emergency and reconstruction needs

• • Decreased protection needs• • Continued food security and

nutritional needs• • • •

Political and security risks:• Elections• Conflicts’ outbreak• Failed reconciliation• Unsolved land right issues (Côte d’Ivoire)

Environmental risks:• Outbreak of epidemics• Floods• Illegal logging and mining

Operational assumptions:• Access to beneficiaries guaranteed• Persistent logistic constraints during rainy

season

Sahel Zone • Elections in Mali are carried out in a satisfac-tory manner but the Malian governance remains fragile

• Clashes are resuming in Northern Mali, driven by Tuareg and Songhai resentment, retaliation, and land tenure issues (Mali)

• Chronic food insecurity and malnutrition in Sahel persist

• Insecurity persists in certain areas of North-ern Mali due to the presence of AQIM and other terrorist armed groups

• Increased and protracted emer-gency needs

• Increased IDP caseload and flight of refugees to other West Africa countries

• Progressive return of IDPs to areas of origin, yet the risk of bad harvest caused by struc-tural needs and post-conflict situation expose communities to food insecurity and malnutri-tion

• Tuareg refugees are returning to pastoral areas, following the seasonal cattle migration

Political and security risks:• Continued insecurity caused by continued

fragmentation of armed groups • Limited humanitarian access due to

insecurity

Environmental risks:• Natural disasters (droughts, floods) grow-

ing faster and impacting stronger than expected

Operational assumptions:• Access to beneficiaries guaranteed

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3 Rationale for a Swiss Engagement in West Africa 2013–2016

3.1 Rationale of a Swiss Engagement

Numerous countries of the Sahel zone are SDC prior-ity countries since years, and Switzerland’s engage-ment is guided by the corresponding Cooperation Strategies (cf. actual CS for Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Benin). Due to persistent and even aggravating humanitarian needs, SDC/HA is increasingly engag-ing in these countries of the Sahel zone in a subsidi-ary and complementary way to other Swiss actors.

Although the countries of the Mano River Union are not SDC priority countries, there are persistent and large humanitarian and development needs all over. Three out of four countries are considered fragile states and will remain so for some time to come. The new Bill to the Parliament 2013–2016 (Message on Swiss International Cooperation) underlines Switzer-land’s intention to engage in such contexts in general and in West Africa in particular:

“Bewaffnete Konflikte dauern andernorts an und schaffen Hungersnöte, Leid und Armut. Ein Klima der Unsicherheit hat sich in manchen Ge-bieten ausgebreitet, so in Westafrika, speziell in der Sahelzone, die von den Staatsapparaten nur schwer unter Kontrolle zu halten ist. (...) Fragile Zustände (…) machen Massnahmen zur Konflikt-prävention oder Wiederversöhnung notwendig, um neuen Konflikten vorzubeugen.“ (page 21)

During the Fourth Forum on Aid Effectiveness, held in Busan in December 2011, Switzerland endorsed the agreement on engagement with fragile states (the so called “New Deal”). The partner countries involved in this New Deal agreed to orient their ac-tivities around five peace-building and state-building goals (PSGs)4. Liberia and Sierra Leone, also part of SDC/HA Cooperation Strategy for West Africa 2013–16, volunteered as pilot countries.

Furthermore, Swiss involvement remains in line with SDC/HA’s Concept of Engagement 2009–2014, which foresees increasing impact and visibility of its humanitarian aid through more presence in the field. This will be achieved through direct actions and staff Secondments via SDC/HA’s main UN partner agen-cies: WFP, UNHCR, UNICEF and OCHA. The Concept also mentions that cooperation between the various SDC actors will be intensified. In the case of West Africa, this specifically means Regional Cooperation (SDC/RC) and Global Cooperation (SDC/GC).

4 The five domain goals are legitimate politics, security, justice, economic foundations and revenue & services.

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Region (Lead) Mano River (SDC/HA) Sahel Zone (SDC/RC)

Focal countries Liberia, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Benin

Legal and Strategic Basis

• Bill to the Parliament 2013–2016• SDC/HA Concept of Engagement 2009–2014• New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States: all 4

focal countries are part of the G7+ group and have endorsed the New Deal. Liberia and Sierra Leone desig-nated themselves as pilot countries

• Bill to the Parliament 2013–2016• SDC/HA Concept of Engagement 2009–2014• SDC Multilateral Humanitarian Aid Concept, 2012• New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States: only Chad is part

of the G7+ group

Needs and Programmatic Basis

• On-going political tension in Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea• Chronic food insecurity in the whole region• Longer term protection needs in the whole region• Necessity to maintain a network of partners in case of

emergency

• SDC/RC: cooperation offices in the Sahel support a) education b) good governance and decentralization and c) food security and rural development (Cf. SDC/RC respective CS in four priority countries)

Rationale for other Swiss actors present in the region

• SDC/RC: resilience building in rural livelihoods given the long-term development needs

• SDC/GC: global programme Migration and Food Security

• FDFA Human Security Division (HSD):peace, capac-ity, and institution building programme (including Secondment of experts to UNMIL and ONUCI)

• FDFA United Nations and International Organiza-tions Division (DIO): financial contributions to the UN and UN Mission in Liberia

• SDC/HA: a) ongoing North Mali crisis and its humanitarian consequences in the Sahel region; b) Chronic food insecurity in the Sahel region; c) Climate change (more severe floods, droughts) and humanitarian consequences.

• SDC/GC: global programmes Climate Change, Food Security, Migration and Development

• FDFA Human Security Division (HSD): a peace policy programme for Mali and Niger, as well as peace efforts in Mali through the work of the Swiss Special Envoy for the Sahel region.

• FDFA United Nations and International Organizations Division (DIO and HSD): financial contributions to the UN and UN Mission in Mali; contributions to the civil component of African-led International Support Mission to Mali (AFISMA/Human Rights observers) and MINUSMA.

3.2 Switzerland’s past Achievements and Lessons Learnt

Mano River Union › Thanks to its sub-regional presence and network,

SDC/HA was in a very good position to swiftly respond in a targeted way to the crises in the region such as the post-electoral crisis in Côte d’Ivoire, and regular cholera outbreaks in Sierra Leone and Guinea.

› Vulnerable people affected by crisis in Côte d’Ivoire in 2011 (close to 1 million IDPs and 180,000 refugees) benefited from significant SDC contributions to partners. Furthermore, SDC seconded senior SHA experts to WFP and OCHA

on both sides of the Liberian-Ivorian border. SDC also reinforced its Swiss Programme Office in Liberia and its presence in Côte d’Ivoire and in Liberia. When the situation calmed down, IDPs and refugees returning to their homes also received assistance through SDC co-financed programmes.

› The health care of approximately 124,000 people improved through SDC’s long-standing support of Tellewoyan Memorial Hospital (TMH) in Voinjama, Liberia. Since July 2012, SDC supports – with a contribution of USD 2 million – the TMH through the Health Sector Pool Fund (HSPF) under the direction of the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.

› Trough support to ACF in the four Mano River countries, SDC contributed to build the capacity of medical staff on the prevention, detection and treatment of malnourished women and children.

› In Northern Liberia, the Rehabilitation of Irrigation Schemes (RIS) project directly implemented by the SDC/HA was launched. Through the rehabilitation of 22 rice swamps, the communities and partners were trained on swamp rehabilitation and adapted technologies.

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Sahel › During the last three years, Sahel was affected

by two major food and nutrition crisis (2010 and 2012). To respond to the 2010 crisis in Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso, SDC supported WFP, ICRC, as well as NGOs (ACF, Swissaid, and MSF-CH). In 2012, no less than 18 million people were affected by drought, a failure of several crops, and a sharp rise in food prices. Vulnerable people in Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, and Chad benefited from emergency food aid, school feeding, improved access to clean water, and improved health care, through Swiss contributions to WFP, NGOs, as well as to the Swiss Red Cross for a total amount of CHF 21 million. The SDC/HA was in a good position to rapidly respond to the Sahel food crises thanks to its collaboration with the existing SDC Cooperation Offices in the zone.

› The Swiss immediate response to the Mali crisis in 2012 consisted in supporting long-standing partner organizations, such as the ICRC, UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, and OCHA which provided protection and assistance to more than 500,000 IDPs in Mali, refugees in Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mauritania, as well as host populations.

› In order to improve the resilience of the population to food crisis, Switzerland started supporting a three-year project to improve the government capacity in Niger with regards to prevention and management of food crisis.

Domain of Intervention

Results during Medium Term Programme (MTP) 2010–12

Lessons learnt for new CS 2013–16

Reconstruction work in Liberia

• Tellewoyan hospital rehabilitated and functional• Capacities of Ministry of Health and Social Welfare

(MoH&SW) strengthened in order to provide adequate health care to Liberians

• Rice irrigation schemes rehabilitated and partners and communities trained

• Food security and infrastructure improved via Second-ments of SHA experts to WFP’s food for work pro-gramme and through financial contributions

• Partners shall concentrate on capacity building rather than implementation and support

• A two years project is too short a timeframe for sustainable development capacity building

• Inclusion from the beginning of authorities at all levels strengthens the programme’s sustainability and scale-up potential

• Exchange experiences and good practices on swamp rehabili-tation across countries of MRU

Food Security in West Africa

• SDC/HA contributed to prevent a famine in Sahel through: – Food Assistance (1,5% of total WFP budget funded

by SDC, i.e. 45’000 food insecure persons sup-ported)

– Significant contributions for the prevention of mal-nutrition (WFP, ACF, milk programme, etc.)

– Strengthening of operational efficiency of WFP by introducing a systematic approach to the relation with partners

• Malnutrition of children has been reduced through support to the nutrition operations of ACF and MSF in Niger, Liberia, Guinea, and Côte d’Ivoire

• Strategic Secondments in WFP Regional Bureau in Senegal reinforced WFP’s capacities in cash&voucher and DRR

• Rely on early warning alerts to enable swift response of SDC/HA

• Support Government-led mechanisms to prevent and respond to crises

• Further shift from General Food Distributions (GFD) to liveli-hood approaches (cash and vouchers schemes) so as to reduce the risk of dependency on food aid and to strengthen the resil-ience of vulnerable communities

• Ensure community involvement for enhanced prevention and detection of malnutrition

• Foster synergies between humanitarian and development interventions, for instance with resilience building and DRR activities

Emergency Relief in West Africa

• Access to and protection of civilians has been im-proved through funding of the operations of ICRC and UNHCR in the MRU and Sahel countries

• SDC/HA contributed to the relief of disaster victims through direct actions, Secondments (WFP and OCHA) and financial contributions

• Supporting ICRC in acute humanitarian crisis is key (it was the only actor who was prepared for emergency relief in the Côte d’Ivoire crisis, and the only who remained active in North Mali when the crisis erupted and throughout 2012)

• SDC/HA can intervene immediately and more efficiently through local presence in the region, existing networks and Secondments

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4.1 Strategic Framework

4 Strategic Orientation for 2013–2016

The Cooperation Strategy for West Africa 2013–2016 is aligned with the Bill to the Parliament 2013–2016 (Message on Swiss International Coop-eration) covering the same period, in particular with regards to one of Switzerland’s main goals related to “preventing and overcoming crises, conflicts and catastrophes”. Moreover, the CSWA 2013–16 is con-sistent with Switzerland’s focus on global challenges, such as food insecurity, water shortages, and climate change.5

5 e.g. Liberia: National Food Security and Nutrition Strategy (2008), National Poverty Reduction Strategy (2008), Agenda for Transformation Liberia 2012-17 / Côte d’Ivoire: Plan national de développement (PND) 2012-15 / Sierra Leone: Food and Nutrition Security Policy Implementation Plan 2012-16 / Guinea: National Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRSP3) 2013-15 / Poverty Reduction Strategic Papers (PRSP)

At its portfolio level, the Swiss engagement in the region is based on a series of strategic instruments mentioned under chapter 3.1. At the country devel-opment level, SDC/HA closely follows the develop-ment and poverty reduction strategies/plans set by the different governments5.

Where country development plans are absent, SDC/HA also follows the priorities set by the different in-ter- and supranational actors6.

6 e.g. West Africa: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Comprehensive Africa Agriculture De-velopment Program (CAADP), Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Response Plan for a Food Security and Nutrition Crisis in the Sahel 2012, UN and Partners Sahel Strategy 2013 / United Nations Development Assistance Frameworks: UNDAF for Liberia 2008-12, UNDAF for Mali 2007-11, UNDAF for Burkina Faso 2011-15, UNDAF for Benin 2009-13, UNDAF for Niger 2009-13 / UN Consolidated Appeal Process: CAP for West Africa 2011, CAP for Burkina Faso 2013, CAP for Liberia 2012, CAP for Mali 2013, CAP for Niger 2013

4.2 Geographic and Beneficiary Targeting

Based on the experiences of the outgoing MTP 2010-12 for West Africa, the new Cooperation Strategy for West Africa 2013–16 maintains its geographic focus on the most vulnerable and fragile coastal countries: the Mano River Union (MRU: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea). The SDC Programme Of-fice in Monrovia acts as the regional operational hub for these countries. A phasing out of SDC’s opera-tions in this zone is considered in 2015.

The priority countries of SDC/RC in the Sahel Zone are next in line: Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Benin. In case of humanitarian crises and needs arising in these countries, SDC/HA will provide humanitarian aid on the basis of the Linking Relief, Recovery and Development (LRRD) approach, in close coordina-tion with the respective Swiss Cooperation Offices

(SCOs). SDC/HA has positioned a Humanitarian Advi-sor for the Sahel countries in SCO for Mali in Bam-ako. The remaining countries of West Africa do not have priority.

SDC/HA will support the protection of the most vul-nerable population in the conflict and post-conflict affect-ed countries. In particular, SDC/HA will focus on new IDPs and refugees in the Sahel Zone, and provide durable solutions for displaced people in the Mano River Union region. In both target regions, a special attention will be given to food insecure popu-lation and, within this beneficiary group, to women and children in particular.

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Goal Nr. 1 of the Bill 201–16: Preventing and overcoming crises, conflicts, and catastrophes.

Overall goal of SDC/HA in West Africa: Through the building of resilience of the most vulnerable and better protection of the civilian population, Swiss Humanitarian Aid will contribute to reduce the impact of crises and ensure greater respect for human rights.

Domain of Intervention

Strategic objective Rationale

Food Security and NutritionResilience-Building

• National and local authorities have functional and coordinated mechanisms of early warning, prevention, response to and follow-up of food and nutritional crises; they make effective use of these mechanisms in the event of a crisis.

• The nutritional status of children under 5 years, pregnant women, and breast-feeding mothers is improved.

• The most vulnerable segments of the population benefit from social safety nets (e.g. C&V, food for assets programmes, insur-ance), which are developed and put in place; their resilience is strengthened.

West Africa’s humanitarian situation remains of deep concern. The region continues to be marked by com-plex and severe humanitarian crises, often exceeding the populations’ coping capacities and deepening their vulnerability. Communities in West Africa continue to be threatened by the compounded effects of climate change, natural disasters like floods and droughts, demographic growth, epidemics, urbanization, acute and chronic malnutrition, chronic poverty, and by violent conflicts related to political, social, and economic tensions. Countries in the region still struggle to build capacities to better respond to humanitarian needs and acceler-ate overall human development by addressing issues of stability, rehabilitation from conflict and natural disasters, and securing resources for short- and long-term needs.

Protection • Advocacy for humanitarian access is provided and supported. • Vulnerable groups, including children, women, the elderly, and

minority groups, benefit from increased protection against vio-lence.

• Conflict-affected populations benefit from increased adherence of conflicting parties to humanitarian principles and to International Humanitarian Law (IHL).

4.3 Thematic Orientation

The overall objective (goal) of the Swiss engagement in West Africa is to save lives, to provide protection to civilians affected by armed conflicts and natural disasters, and to strengthen the human security di-mension.

Over the coming years, SDC/HA will continue to build on two domains7 in which it has been involved in the recent years, namely in Protection of Civil-ians and in Food Security and Resilience Building, the latter jointly with SDC/RC and SDC/GC. SDC/HA will however end its support to the Health sector in Liberia through the phasing out of the Tellewoyan Hospital project by mid-2013.

7 cf. Results Frameworks in Annex.

Whenever needed and possible, Emergency Relief will be rendered in the eight SDC focal/priority coun-tries of the Mano River Union and Sahel zone. SDC/HA will continue and reinforce the Conflict Sensi-tive Programme Management (CSPM) approach as well as the mainstreaming of the transversal themes Gender and Governance.

Humanitarian assistance will further be coordinated with SDC/RC in order to facilitate transition from conflict and fragile environment into sustainable and stable development.

The architecture for the Cooperation Strategy for West Africa 2013–16 is as follows:

17

4.4 Linkages and Guiding Principles

Strategic Axes for Swiss engagement in Sahel 2014–2016: The Swiss Strategy for Sahel will be the overarching strategy for all Swiss governmental ac-tors present in the zone. The CSWA 2013–16 will therefore be totally in line with the Strategy and comply with its guiding lines.

Reference to the Cooperation Strategies of the four priority countries of SDC/RC in West Africa: SDC/HA’s new CSWA 2013–16 is complementary to and aligned with SDC/RC’s Cooperation Strategies for Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Benin.

Linkages with global issues and SDC global pro-grammes: SDC/HA will pay specific attention to linkages with relevant global issues and will there-fore further develop synergies with the relevant SDC global programmes and related themes such as food security (food aid, land governance), water initiatives (water for food, water for people), climate change (Disaster Risk Reduction, desertification, energy), and migration (SDC/GC Regional Advisor, based in Benin). These synergies will be reflected in the Strate-gic Axes for Swiss engagement in Sahel 2014–2016. In addition, SDC/HA will make use of the relevant SDC thematic networks (agriculture and food secu-rity, water, climate change and environment, DRR) to identify and enhance the synergies.

Guiding Principles: Being embedded in a fragile context, the implementation of the CSWA 2013–16 will be guided by and advocate for the following principles:

› The engagement is focused on the expressed interests of people concerned and on building local capacities;

› The engagement has clear objectives and a flexible but lasting implementation strategy;

› The engagement is based on safeguarding humanitarian principles;

› Conflict sensitive programming and office management are applied;

› The engagement is harmonized with the strategic response of the international community and aligned with the plans of the governments of correspondent West African countries.

18

5 Implementation Modalities

SDC/HA will implement the CSWA 2013–16 through direct actions and through financial and in-kind con-tributions (including Secondment of SHA experts to UN partner organizations) to operations of well-known and long-standing key partners.

5.1 Management structure and performance

The Africa Division of SDC/HA is responsible for the strategic steering and monitoring of the CSWA 2013–16.

The Swiss Programme Office (SPO) in Monrovia (Liberia) has the overall responsibility for the opera-tional management, implementation, and monitor-ing of the MRU part of the CSWA 2013–16. Key performance and management outputs relate to approaches and strategies used for delivering results (portfolio management), risk awareness and context/scenario sensitivity, relationships management (ex-ternal/internal), human resources, and institutional learning and knowledge management. The SDC Head of Office of the SPO Monrovia acts as a branch of the Embassy of Switzerland in Abidjan (Swiss am-bassador) following the Instruction 642.1 (FDFA). The SPO Monrovia also serves as a Consular office of Switzerland to Liberia.

The Humanitarian Advisor in the Swiss Coopera-tion Office (SCO) in Bamako (Mali) has the overall responsibility for the operational management, im-plementation, and monitoring of the Sahel part of the CSWA 2013–16. He is responsible for analyzing the regional humanitarian and security situation, li-aising on humanitarian issues with authorities, UN agencies, ICRC and other partners, and monitoring SDC contributions. Joint SDC/HA – SDC/RC pro-grammes will be further developed.

In case of a deterioration of the context, the struc-tures, partnerships, and implementation modes will be adapted to the needs and opportunities.

19

5.2 Cooperation with Partners and Whole-of-Government Approach (WOGA)

The UN CAP for West Africa 2011 gives a useful framework for the coordination of actors. Through desk-to-desk contacts and by “working in the tri-angle”, all SDC offices, i.e. the SCOs in Bamako (Mali), Niamey (Niger), Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), Cotonou (Benin), and N’Djamena (Chad), as well as the SPO Monrovia (Liberia), actively engage with do-nors and actors in West Africa to promote coordina-tion and harmonization.

In the priority countries of SDC/RC, the integration of humanitarian activities is coordinated by the respec-tive SCOs. The principles of cooperation between

SDC/HA and SDC/RC are complimentary with regard to geographical and beneficiaries targeting, flex-ibility with regard to administration, and coherence with regard to programme and policy dialogue with common third parties (ICRC, WFP, UNHCR, UNICEF, OCHA, NGOs, etc.).

At HQ, the desk West Africa exchanges with desks and services of SDC/RC (priority countries), SDC/GC (global issues), DSFA (political situation), DIO (peace keeping missions), HSD (peace building programmes, expert pool), FOM (Project Team West Africa, Project Team Prevention of Irregular Migration).

5.3 Exit Strategy and Vision Beyond

As described earlier in chapter 2, the West African context and its possible evolution do not allow for humanitarian agencies to envisage withdrawing from the region within the next two years. The situation needs to be closely monitored and the programme needs to be continuously adapted. In the long run, in order to achieve conditions in West Africa which will no longer require humanitarian attention, all activi-ties and actors need long terms perspectives aiming at the stability and resilience of the respective coun-tries. In fragile and conflict affected contexts, SDC/HA will contribute to reduce the impact of crises and ensure greater respect for human rights through the building of resilience and better protection of the ci-vilian population. Conflict sensitivity will be key to all humanitarian interventions.

SDC/HA considers phasing down in 2014 and phas-ing out from the MRU region in 2015.

In the Sahel, solid support from development and hu-manitarian actors will need to persevere in order to reinforce (or resume) national capacities on matters like early warning and food security. Coordination between all actors – be they international or nation-al – will be key to enhance the contiguum between emergency response and transition to development.

20

6 Monitoring and Reporting

6.1 Monitoring

The implementation of the new Cooperation Strat-egy for West Africa 2013–2016 will be monitored on four different levels:

1. Development of the wider context (West Africa, Mano River Union countries, Sahel Zone countries)

2. Relevant changes at regional and country level; re-gional/countries outputs and outcomes

3. Swiss portfolio outputs and outcomes per domain of intervention

4. Management performance of the SPO MonroviaAt the Swiss portfolio level, monitoring will be per-formed annually based on the indicators defined in the results frameworks. Whenever possible, indica-tors to assess and qualify Swiss portfolio contribution to national outcomes will be aligned with corre-spondent national indicators, or indicators developed

by the international framework and its partners8. Unfortunately, most of these reference indicators for the country development are mere output indicators. For the humanitarian context in general and for the domains of intervention as in the Cooperation Strat-egy for West Africa 2013–2016 in particular, out-come indicators on a country level are rarely defined or monitored.

Changes in the wider context will be monitored on a bi-annual basis with the Monitoring of Development Relevant Changes (MERV) instrument. A detailed monitoring concept is presented in Annex.

Whenever feasible, all indicators are to be monitored (and reported) disaggregated by gender.

8 e.g. UN CAP for West Africa 2011 (to be yearly re-edited/updated)

6.2 Reporting

eporting is done on a regular base mainly through: periodic Situation Reports (Sit Reps / periodicity de-pending on actual situation), quarterly financial re-ports and the Annual Reports. For the Sahel Zone countries, the humanitarian activities will be integrat-ed in the Annual Reports of the correspondent focus countries of SDC/RC, while for the Mano River Union countries separate Annual Reports will be elaborated by SDC/HA.

21

7 Financial and Human Resources

Indicative Budget: The indicative budget breakdown for SDC/HA in West Africa for the period 2013–16 is planned as follows:

Countries Domain Projects/Partners Budget (CHF)

SDC/HA Mano River Union focal countries 30 mio

Liberia Food security (FS) /Protection (PROT)

RIS, WFP, UNICEF, NGOs 12 mio

Sierra Leone FS / PROT ICRC, WFP, NGOs 4 mio

Guinea FS / PROT ICRC, WFP, NGOs 7 mio

Cote d‘Ivoire FS / PROT ICRC, WFP, FAO, NGOs 7 mio

SDC/RC Sahel Zone priority countries 26 mio

Mali FS / PROT SCO, ICRC, UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, NGOs 10 mio

Niger FS / PROT SCO, ICRC, UNHCR, WFP, NGOs, DNGPCA 8 mio

Burkina Faso FS / PROT SCO, ICRC, UNHCR, WFP, NGOs 6 mio

Benin Emergency SCO, WFP, ICRC, NGOs 2 mio

Human Resources: The staffing of SDC/HA in the two relevant SCO in West Africa for the period 2013–16 is planned as follows:Planned Setup 2013–16 Position 2013–2016

(% of em-ployment)

SDC/HA in Monrovia (for Mano River Union)

Director of Cooperation (DoC) 100%

Programme Officer (PO) 100%

Chief of Finance and Administration (CFA) 100%

National Programme Officer (NPO) 100%

Local staff 1350%

SDC/HA in SCO Bamako(for Sahel Zone)

Regional Humanitarian Advisor 100%

National Programme Officer (NPO) 100%

The SPO Liberia in Monrovia is run by SDC/HA, the SCO Mali in Bamako by SDC/RC.

22

23

8 Annexes

8.1 Results Framework Food Security & Nutrition / Resilience Building

8.2 Results Framework Protection

8.3 Monitoring Concept

8.4/5 Scenarios Sahel Zone countries and implications

8.6/7 Scenarios Mano River Union countries and implications

8.8/9 Country Maps West Africa (areas of intervention)

8.10 SDC/HA Partners Mapping

8.11 Acronyms and Abbreviations

24

8.1

Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork

Dom

ain

of In

terv

entio

n 1:

Foo

d Se

curit

y an

d N

utrit

ion

/ Res

ilien

ce B

uild

ing

Not

e: T

his

Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork

cove

rs b

oth

MR

U a

nd S

ahel

. How

ever

, SP

O M

onro

via

and

SC

O B

amak

o w

ill m

onito

r sep

arat

ely

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

stra

tegy

and

repo

rt th

eir r

esul

ts in

tw

o di

ffere

nt A

nnua

l Rep

orts

. For

the

sake

of c

larit

y, d

etai

led

indi

cato

rs, t

arge

ts a

nd b

asel

ines

are

not

pre

sent

ed h

ere

but a

re a

vaila

ble

in th

e co

untri

es’ M

onito

ring

Mat

rixes

, on

dem

and.

Ove

rall

Obj

ectiv

e (g

oal):

Impr

oved

food

sec

urity

and

resi

lienc

e of

vul

nera

ble

popu

latio

ns a

ffect

ed b

y co

nflic

t and

/or n

atur

al d

isas

ters

(1) S

wis

s po

rtfo

lio o

utco

mes

(2

) Con

trib

utio

n of

Sw

iss

prog

ram

me

(3) C

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent o

utco

mes

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

1

Nat

iona

l an

d lo

cal

auth

oriti

es h

ave

func

tiona

l an

d co

-or

dina

ted

mec

hani

sms

of e

arly

war

ning

, pr

even

tion,

re

spon

se t

o an

d fo

llow

-up

of f

ood

and

nutr

ition

al c

ri-se

s; t

hey

mak

e us

e of

the

se m

echa

nism

s in

the

eve

nt

of a

cris

is.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

N

umbe

r of

pub

licat

ions

of

food

sec

urity

and

nut

ritio

n st

atus

bul

letin

s pu

blis

hed

join

tly w

ith m

ultil

ater

al p

art-

ners

. 2.

N

umbe

r of

vul

nera

ble

pers

ons

elig

ible

for

foo

d as

sis-

tanc

e ef

fect

ivel

y su

ppor

ted

by t

he g

over

nmen

t an

d its

pa

rtner

s.

Not

e:

For

all S

wis

s P

ortfo

lio o

utco

me

stat

emen

ts, i

ndic

a-to

rs, t

arge

t val

ues,

and

bas

elin

es a

re d

efin

ed a

nd

form

ulat

ed s

epar

atel

y fo

r ea

ch g

eogr

aphi

c fo

cus

and

coun

try re

spec

tivel

y.

cf.

Indi

cato

r M

onito

ring

Mat

rix

of

corr

espo

nden

t co

untry

in th

e M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

A

ll in

dica

tors

are

to b

e m

onito

red

and

repo

rted

dis-

aggr

egat

ed b

y ge

nder

(whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: •

Con

tribu

tion

to th

e st

reng

then

ing

of th

e C

omm

issa

riats

à la

séc

urité

alim

enta

ire

ensu

res

the

setu

p of

an

early

war

ning

sy

stem

and

the

ade

quat

e fo

llow

-up

of

food

sec

urity

sta

tus

alon

g th

e ye

ar.

• S

uppo

rt to

mul

tilat

eral

par

tner

s al

low

s di

rect

or i

ndire

ct s

uppo

rt to

the

abov

e.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Goo

d go

vern

ance

pro

ject

s be

ar fr

uits

in

enha

ncin

g go

vern

men

t’s

regi

onal

, na

-tio

nal,

and

dece

ntra

lized

lev

el p

repa

r-ed

ness

and

resp

onse

to c

rises

. •

The

mai

nten

ance

of s

tabl

e S

tate

allo

ws

purs

uanc

e of

ca

paci

ty

build

ing

and

stru

ctur

es s

etup

, in

alig

nmen

t w

ith n

a-tio

nal p

riorit

ies.

•

Acc

epta

ble

secu

rity

allo

ws

acce

ss to

ar-

eas

in

need

of

re

info

rced

m

onito

ring

and/

or re

spon

se.

Ris

ks:

• S

ecur

ity c

ondi

tions

com

pel l

ocal

aut

hori-

ties

and

popu

latio

ns

to

flee

out

of

thre

aten

ed a

reas

. •

Vol

atile

sec

urity

det

ers

the

setti

ng u

p of

du

rabl

e m

onito

ring

syst

ems.

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

1 Li

velih

oods

of

the

peop

le a

ffect

ed b

y cr

ises

are

ens

ured

by,

am

ong

othe

r th

ings

, pr

ovid

ing

supp

ort

to a

gric

ultu

re,

inco

me-

gene

ratin

g ac

-tiv

ities

and

food

and

cas

h. T

he b

asic

ass

ista

nce

need

s of

refu

gees

and

di

spla

ced

popu

latio

ns h

ave

been

met

. Ea

rly w

arni

ng a

nd d

isas

ter

risk

redu

ctio

n m

easu

res

are

impl

emen

ted

and

func

tiona

l. S

ourc

e: U

N a

nd P

artn

ers

Sah

el S

trate

gy 2

013

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso

Indi

cato

rs:

Not

e:

For

all c

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent o

utco

me

stat

emen

ts, i

ndic

ator

s, ta

r-ge

t val

ues,

and

bas

elin

es a

re d

efin

ed a

nd fo

rmul

ated

acc

ordi

ng

to th

e re

gion

al a

nd/o

r nat

iona

l fra

mew

ork

docu

men

t(s) r

efer

red

to.

cf.

Indi

cato

r M

onito

ring

Mat

rix o

f co

rres

pond

ent

coun

try i

n th

e M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

A

ll in

dica

tors

are

to

be m

onito

red

and

repo

rted

disa

ggre

gate

d by

ge

nder

(whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

2

The

nutr

ition

al s

tatu

s of

chi

ldre

n un

der

5 ye

ars,

pre

g-na

nt w

omen

, and

bre

ast-f

eedi

ng m

othe

rs is

impr

oved

.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: •

Milk

pro

duct

don

atio

ns c

ontri

bute

to th

e en

hanc

emen

t of

rec

over

y ra

tes

amon

g tre

ated

pat

ient

s (in

cl.

wom

en a

nd c

hil-

dren

).

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

2

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso,

Ben

in

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso,

Ben

in

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

Per

cent

age

of fo

od in

secu

re p

opul

atio

n (m

easu

red

by

FCS

) in

the

inte

rven

tion

area

. 2.

P

reva

lenc

e of

acu

te m

alnu

tritio

n am

ong

child

ren

unde

r 5

(mea

sure

d by

wei

ght-f

or-h

eigh

ts p

erce

ntag

e).

3.

Pre

vale

nce

of c

hron

ic m

alnu

tritio

n am

ong

child

ren

un-

der 5

in th

e in

terv

entio

n ar

ea (m

easu

red

by n

umbe

r of

stun

ted

child

ren)

. 4.

P

reva

lenc

e of

ane

mia

am

ong

preg

nant

and

bre

ast-

feed

ing

wom

en in

the

inte

rven

tion

area

s.

All

indi

cato

rs a

re t

o be

mon

itore

d an

d re

porte

d di

sagg

re-

gate

d by

gen

der (

whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

Targ

ets

/ Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

• S

uppo

rt to

act

ors

spec

ializ

ed in

the

re-

sum

ptio

n of

m

alnu

tritio

n (W

FP,

UN

ICE

F, I

CR

C,

and

AC

F) c

ontri

bute

s to

re

duce

th

e pr

eval

ence

of

ch

roni

c m

alnu

tritio

n by

en

hanc

ing

capa

city

bu

ildin

g of

hea

lth m

anag

emen

t tea

ms

at

natio

nal,

dist

rict,

and

loca

l lev

els.

A

ssum

ptio

ns:

• A

vaila

bilit

y of

th

erap

eutic

fo

od

and

drug

s.

• P

oliti

cal w

ill f

rom

nat

iona

l and

loca

l au-

thor

ities

to ta

ckle

mal

nutri

tion.

Ris

ks:

• D

isru

ptio

n in

the

prov

isio

n of

ass

ista

nce

due

to th

e re

sum

ptio

n of

inse

curit

y (a

c-ce

ss d

iffic

ultie

s).

• In

terr

uptio

n of

sp

ecia

l fo

od

supp

lies

prov

isio

n du

e to

gov

ernm

enta

l dec

isio

n or

logi

stic

al b

reak

dow

n •

Dis

ease

epi

dem

ics

and/

or m

ajor

foo

d cr

isis

.

(1)

Nig

er, M

ali,

Bur

kina

Fas

o:

Car

e fo

r acu

tely

mal

nour

ishe

d ch

ildre

n, p

regn

ant a

nd la

ctat

ing

wom

en

in c

omm

uniti

es a

nd h

ealth

cen

tres

. Pr

ovid

e ap

prop

riate

foo

d as

sist

ance

(bl

anke

t fe

edin

g) t

o ch

ildre

n ag

e 6-

23 m

onth

s an

d pr

egna

nt a

nd la

ctat

ing

wom

en.

Prov

ide

an in

tegr

ated

reha

bilit

atio

n an

d pr

even

tion

nutr

ition

pac

kage

. S

ourc

e: U

N a

nd P

artn

ers

Sah

el S

trate

gy 2

013

(2)

Ben

in:

Pilla

r 3, S

tren

gthe

ning

Hum

an C

apita

l “Im

prov

ing

nutr

ition

and

san

ita-

tion

cond

ition

s am

ong

the

popu

latio

n”

S

ourc

e: B

enin

GP

RS

P 2

011-

2015

(3)

Libe

ria:

To im

prov

e re

liabl

e ac

cess

to

food

for

the

pop

ulat

ion

and

the

use

of

food

for a

ctiv

e an

d he

alth

y liv

es.

Sou

rce:

Nat

iona

l Foo

d S

ecur

ity a

nd N

utrit

ion

Stra

tegy

(FS

NS

)

(4)

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re:

To im

prov

e th

e fig

ht a

gain

st m

alnu

triti

on a

nd n

utrit

iona

l ins

ecur

ity.

Sou

rce:

Pla

n na

tiona

l de

déve

lopp

emen

t (P

ND

) 201

2-15

(5)

Sier

ra L

eone

To

impr

ove

the

nutr

ition

al s

tatu

s of

the

pop

ulat

ion

espe

cial

ly in

fant

s an

d yo

ung

child

ren,

pre

gnan

t and

lact

atin

g w

omen

in S

ierr

a Le

one.

S

ourc

e: S

ierr

a Le

one

Food

and

Nut

ritio

n Se

curit

y P

olic

y Im

plem

enta

tion

Pla

n 20

12-1

6

(6)

Gui

nea

To e

ffect

ivel

y re

duce

mal

nutr

ition

thro

ugh

mea

sure

s th

at w

ill im

prov

e th

e nu

triti

on s

ituat

ion

of th

e m

ost v

ulne

rabl

e gr

oups

in th

e sh

ort t

erm

. S

ourc

e: G

uine

a P

over

ty R

educ

tion

Stra

tegy

201

3-15

Indi

cato

rs, T

arge

ts /

Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

O

UTC

OM

E ST

ATE

MEN

T 3

The

mos

t vul

nera

ble

segm

ents

of t

he p

opul

atio

n be

ne-

fit f

rom

soc

ial

safe

ty n

ets

(e.g

. C

&V,

foo

d fo

r as

sets

pr

ogra

mm

es, i

nsur

ance

), w

hich

are

dev

elop

ed a

nd p

ut

in p

lace

; the

ir re

silie

nce

is s

tren

gthe

ned.

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: •

Sch

ool

feed

ing

supp

ort

dim

inis

hes

drop

-out

rat

es a

mon

g pr

imar

y sc

hool

ch

ildre

n du

ring

lean

sea

sons

. •

Tim

ely

dire

ct f

ood

secu

rity

or li

velih

ood

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

3

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso,

Ben

in;

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

25

8.1

Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork

Dom

ain

of In

terv

entio

n 1:

Foo

d Se

curit

y an

d N

utrit

ion

/ Res

ilien

ce B

uild

ing

Not

e: T

his

Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork

cove

rs b

oth

MR

U a

nd S

ahel

. How

ever

, SP

O M

onro

via

and

SC

O B

amak

o w

ill m

onito

r sep

arat

ely

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

stra

tegy

and

repo

rt th

eir r

esul

ts in

tw

o di

ffere

nt A

nnua

l Rep

orts

. For

the

sake

of c

larit

y, d

etai

led

indi

cato

rs, t

arge

ts a

nd b

asel

ines

are

not

pre

sent

ed h

ere

but a

re a

vaila

ble

in th

e co

untri

es’ M

onito

ring

Mat

rixes

, on

dem

and.

Ove

rall

Obj

ectiv

e (g

oal):

Impr

oved

food

sec

urity

and

resi

lienc

e of

vul

nera

ble

popu

latio

ns a

ffect

ed b

y co

nflic

t and

/or n

atur

al d

isas

ters

(1) S

wis

s po

rtfo

lio o

utco

mes

(2

) Con

trib

utio

n of

Sw

iss

prog

ram

me

(3) C

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent o

utco

mes

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

1

Nat

iona

l an

d lo

cal

auth

oriti

es h

ave

func

tiona

l an

d co

-or

dina

ted

mec

hani

sms

of e

arly

war

ning

, pr

even

tion,

re

spon

se t

o an

d fo

llow

-up

of f

ood

and

nutr

ition

al c

ri-se

s; t

hey

mak

e us

e of

the

se m

echa

nism

s in

the

eve

nt

of a

cris

is.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

N

umbe

r of

pub

licat

ions

of

food

sec

urity

and

nut

ritio

n st

atus

bul

letin

s pu

blis

hed

join

tly w

ith m

ultil

ater

al p

art-

ners

. 2.

N

umbe

r of

vul

nera

ble

pers

ons

elig

ible

for

foo

d as

sis-

tanc

e ef

fect

ivel

y su

ppor

ted

by t

he g

over

nmen

t an

d its

pa

rtner

s.

Not

e:

For

all S

wis

s P

ortfo

lio o

utco

me

stat

emen

ts, i

ndic

a-to

rs, t

arge

t val

ues,

and

bas

elin

es a

re d

efin

ed a

nd

form

ulat

ed s

epar

atel

y fo

r ea

ch g

eogr

aphi

c fo

cus

and

coun

try re

spec

tivel

y.

cf.

Indi

cato

r M

onito

ring

Mat

rix

of

corr

espo

nden

t co

untry

in th

e M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

A

ll in

dica

tors

are

to b

e m

onito

red

and

repo

rted

dis-

aggr

egat

ed b

y ge

nder

(whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: •

Con

tribu

tion

to th

e st

reng

then

ing

of th

e C

omm

issa

riats

à la

séc

urité

alim

enta

ire

ensu

res

the

setu

p of

an

early

war

ning

sy

stem

and

the

ade

quat

e fo

llow

-up

of

food

sec

urity

sta

tus

alon

g th

e ye

ar.

• S

uppo

rt to

mul

tilat

eral

par

tner

s al

low

s di

rect

or i

ndire

ct s

uppo

rt to

the

abov

e.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Goo

d go

vern

ance

pro

ject

s be

ar fr

uits

in

enha

ncin

g go

vern

men

t’s

regi

onal

, na

-tio

nal,

and

dece

ntra

lized

lev

el p

repa

r-ed

ness

and

resp

onse

to c

rises

. •

The

mai

nten

ance

of s

tabl

e S

tate

allo

ws

purs

uanc

e of

ca

paci

ty

build

ing

and

stru

ctur

es s

etup

, in

alig

nmen

t w

ith n

a-tio

nal p

riorit

ies.

•

Acc

epta

ble

secu

rity

allo

ws

acce

ss to

ar-

eas

in

need

of

re

info

rced

m

onito

ring

and/

or re

spon

se.

Ris

ks:

• S

ecur

ity c

ondi

tions

com

pel l

ocal

aut

hori-

ties

and

popu

latio

ns

to

flee

out

of

thre

aten

ed a

reas

. •

Vol

atile

sec

urity

det

ers

the

setti

ng u

p of

du

rabl

e m

onito

ring

syst

ems.

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

1 Li

velih

oods

of

the

peop

le a

ffect

ed b

y cr

ises

are

ens

ured

by,

am

ong

othe

r th

ings

, pr

ovid

ing

supp

ort

to a

gric

ultu

re,

inco

me-

gene

ratin

g ac

-tiv

ities

and

food

and

cas

h. T

he b

asic

ass

ista

nce

need

s of

refu

gees

and

di

spla

ced

popu

latio

ns h

ave

been

met

. Ea

rly w

arni

ng a

nd d

isas

ter

risk

redu

ctio

n m

easu

res

are

impl

emen

ted

and

func

tiona

l. S

ourc

e: U

N a

nd P

artn

ers

Sah

el S

trate

gy 2

013

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso

Indi

cato

rs:

Not

e:

For

all c

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent o

utco

me

stat

emen

ts, i

ndic

ator

s, ta

r-ge

t val

ues,

and

bas

elin

es a

re d

efin

ed a

nd fo

rmul

ated

acc

ordi

ng

to th

e re

gion

al a

nd/o

r nat

iona

l fra

mew

ork

docu

men

t(s) r

efer

red

to.

cf.

Indi

cato

r M

onito

ring

Mat

rix o

f co

rres

pond

ent

coun

try i

n th

e M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

A

ll in

dica

tors

are

to

be m

onito

red

and

repo

rted

disa

ggre

gate

d by

ge

nder

(whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

2

The

nutr

ition

al s

tatu

s of

chi

ldre

n un

der

5 ye

ars,

pre

g-na

nt w

omen

, and

bre

ast-f

eedi

ng m

othe

rs is

impr

oved

.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: •

Milk

pro

duct

don

atio

ns c

ontri

bute

to th

e en

hanc

emen

t of

rec

over

y ra

tes

amon

g tre

ated

pat

ient

s (in

cl.

wom

en a

nd c

hil-

dren

).

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

2

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso,

Ben

in

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso,

Ben

in

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

Per

cent

age

of fo

od in

secu

re p

opul

atio

n (m

easu

red

by

FCS

) in

the

inte

rven

tion

area

. 2.

P

reva

lenc

e of

acu

te m

alnu

tritio

n am

ong

child

ren

unde

r 5

(mea

sure

d by

wei

ght-f

or-h

eigh

ts p

erce

ntag

e).

3.

Pre

vale

nce

of c

hron

ic m

alnu

tritio

n am

ong

child

ren

un-

der 5

in th

e in

terv

entio

n ar

ea (m

easu

red

by n

umbe

r of

stun

ted

child

ren)

. 4.

P

reva

lenc

e of

ane

mia

am

ong

preg

nant

and

bre

ast-

feed

ing

wom

en in

the

inte

rven

tion

area

s.

All

indi

cato

rs a

re t

o be

mon

itore

d an

d re

porte

d di

sagg

re-

gate

d by

gen

der (

whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

Targ

ets

/ Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

• S

uppo

rt to

act

ors

spec

ializ

ed in

the

re-

sum

ptio

n of

m

alnu

tritio

n (W

FP,

UN

ICE

F, I

CR

C,

and

AC

F) c

ontri

bute

s to

re

duce

th

e pr

eval

ence

of

ch

roni

c m

alnu

tritio

n by

en

hanc

ing

capa

city

bu

ildin

g of

hea

lth m

anag

emen

t tea

ms

at

natio

nal,

dist

rict,

and

loca

l lev

els.

A

ssum

ptio

ns:

• A

vaila

bilit

y of

th

erap

eutic

fo

od

and

drug

s.

• P

oliti

cal w

ill f

rom

nat

iona

l and

loca

l au-

thor

ities

to ta

ckle

mal

nutri

tion.

Ris

ks:

• D

isru

ptio

n in

the

prov

isio

n of

ass

ista

nce

due

to th

e re

sum

ptio

n of

inse

curit

y (a

c-ce

ss d

iffic

ultie

s).

• In

terr

uptio

n of

sp

ecia

l fo

od

supp

lies

prov

isio

n du

e to

gov

ernm

enta

l dec

isio

n or

logi

stic

al b

reak

dow

n •

Dis

ease

epi

dem

ics

and/

or m

ajor

foo

d cr

isis

.

(1)

Nig

er, M

ali,

Bur

kina

Fas

o:

Car

e fo

r acu

tely

mal

nour

ishe

d ch

ildre

n, p

regn

ant a

nd la

ctat

ing

wom

en

in c

omm

uniti

es a

nd h

ealth

cen

tres

. Pr

ovid

e ap

prop

riate

foo

d as

sist

ance

(bl

anke

t fe

edin

g) t

o ch

ildre

n ag

e 6-

23 m

onth

s an

d pr

egna

nt a

nd la

ctat

ing

wom

en.

Prov

ide

an in

tegr

ated

reha

bilit

atio

n an

d pr

even

tion

nutr

ition

pac

kage

. S

ourc

e: U

N a

nd P

artn

ers

Sah

el S

trate

gy 2

013

(2)

Ben

in:

Pilla

r 3, S

tren

gthe

ning

Hum

an C

apita

l “Im

prov

ing

nutr

ition

and

san

ita-

tion

cond

ition

s am

ong

the

popu

latio

n”

S

ourc

e: B

enin

GP

RS

P 2

011-

2015

(3)

Libe

ria:

To im

prov

e re

liabl

e ac

cess

to

food

for

the

pop

ulat

ion

and

the

use

of

food

for a

ctiv

e an

d he

alth

y liv

es.

Sou

rce:

Nat

iona

l Foo

d S

ecur

ity a

nd N

utrit

ion

Stra

tegy

(FS

NS

)

(4)

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re:

To im

prov

e th

e fig

ht a

gain

st m

alnu

triti

on a

nd n

utrit

iona

l ins

ecur

ity.

Sou

rce:

Pla

n na

tiona

l de

déve

lopp

emen

t (P

ND

) 201

2-15

(5)

Sier

ra L

eone

To

impr

ove

the

nutr

ition

al s

tatu

s of

the

pop

ulat

ion

espe

cial

ly in

fant

s an

d yo

ung

child

ren,

pre

gnan

t and

lact

atin

g w

omen

in S

ierr

a Le

one.

S

ourc

e: S

ierr

a Le

one

Food

and

Nut

ritio

n Se

curit

y P

olic

y Im

plem

enta

tion

Pla

n 20

12-1

6

(6)

Gui

nea

To e

ffect

ivel

y re

duce

mal

nutr

ition

thro

ugh

mea

sure

s th

at w

ill im

prov

e th

e nu

triti

on s

ituat

ion

of th

e m

ost v

ulne

rabl

e gr

oups

in th

e sh

ort t

erm

. S

ourc

e: G

uine

a P

over

ty R

educ

tion

Stra

tegy

201

3-15

Indi

cato

rs, T

arge

ts /

Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

O

UTC

OM

E ST

ATE

MEN

T 3

The

mos

t vul

nera

ble

segm

ents

of t

he p

opul

atio

n be

ne-

fit f

rom

soc

ial

safe

ty n

ets

(e.g

. C

&V,

foo

d fo

r as

sets

pr

ogra

mm

es, i

nsur

ance

), w

hich

are

dev

elop

ed a

nd p

ut

in p

lace

; the

ir re

silie

nce

is s

tren

gthe

ned.

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: •

Sch

ool

feed

ing

supp

ort

dim

inis

hes

drop

-out

rat

es a

mon

g pr

imar

y sc

hool

ch

ildre

n du

ring

lean

sea

sons

. •

Tim

ely

dire

ct f

ood

secu

rity

or li

velih

ood

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

3

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso,

Ben

in;

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

26

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• N

iger

, Mal

i, B

urki

na F

aso,

Ben

in

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

Var

iety

of

appr

opria

te a

nd t

imel

y sa

fety

net

s pr

ojec

ts

carr

ied

out e

ffect

ivel

y.

2.

Num

ber

of

vuln

erab

le

hous

ehol

ds

acce

ssin

g C

&V,

fo

od a

ssis

tanc

e an

d/or

oth

er s

afet

y ne

ts p

rogr

amm

es

in th

e in

terv

entio

n ar

ea.

3.

Num

ber

of ir

rigat

ion

sche

mes

in s

wam

ps r

ehab

ilita

ted

with

app

ropr

iate

tec

hnol

ogie

s an

d in

crea

sed

prod

uc-

tion.

4.

N

umbe

r of

per

sons

ben

efitt

ing

from

foo

d pr

oduc

tion

and

mar

ketin

g en

hanc

emen

t sch

emes

.

All

indi

cato

rs

are

to

be

mon

itore

d an

d re

porte

d

disa

ggre

gate

d by

gen

der (

whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

Targ

ets

/ Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

supp

ort

ensu

res

that

neg

ativ

e co

ping

st

rate

gies

are

not

rel

ied

upon

by

at-r

isk

popu

latio

ns.

• Th

e R

IS p

rogr

amm

e co

ntrib

utes

to

Li-

beria

’s s

hift

from

hig

hlan

d to

low

land

cu

ltiva

tion

thro

ugh

appr

opria

te t

echn

ol-

ogie

s an

d ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing.

•

Sw

iss

cont

ribut

ions

to

W

FP,

FAO

, IC

RC

, an

d A

CF

help

to

decr

ease

the

nu

mbe

r of

vul

nera

ble

hous

ehol

ds w

ho

are

food

inse

cure

. •

Sw

iss

Sec

ondm

ents

de

ploy

ed

in

UN

ag

enci

es s

uppo

rt th

e re

focu

s of

tho

se

agen

cies

from

em

erge

ncy

to re

cove

ry.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Pol

itica

l w

ill r

emai

ns s

trong

at

gove

rn-

men

t le

vel t

o em

bed

safe

ty n

ets

in s

o-ci

al re

spon

se s

truct

ures

. •

Par

tner

s’ i

nter

est

and

auth

oriti

es’

ac-

cept

ance

re

mai

n st

rong

in

fa

cilit

atin

g tra

nsiti

on p

roce

sses

.

Ris

ks:

• R

esum

ptio

n of

co

nflic

ts

and

polit

ical

st

and-

offs

te

nd

to

prov

oke

reor

ient

a-tio

ns in

the

gov

ernm

ents

’ prio

ritie

s an

d co

mm

itmen

ts.

• In

secu

rity

ham

pers

as

sess

men

ts,

im-

plem

enta

tion

and

cash

pro

ject

s’ d

eliv

er-

ies

in re

mot

e ar

eas.

•

Dis

rupt

ion

in

prov

isio

n of

as

sist

ance

du

e to

res

umpt

ion

of in

secu

rity

(acc

ess

diffi

culti

es).

• D

isea

se e

pide

mic

s an

d/or

maj

or f

ood

cris

is.

(1)

Libe

ria:

To i

ncre

ase

agric

ultu

ral

prod

uctiv

ity,

valu

e-ad

ded

and

envi

ronm

enta

l su

stai

nabi

lity,

es

peci

ally

fo

r sm

all

hold

ers

incl

udin

g w

omen

an

d yo

uth.

S

ourc

e: A

gend

a fo

r Tra

nsfo

rmat

ion

Libe

ria 2

012-

17

(2)

Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re:

To c

ontr

ibut

e to

the

incr

ease

of t

he a

gric

ultu

ral s

ecto

r’s p

erfo

rman

ce

and

to th

e re

duct

ion

of e

xtre

me

pove

rty

and

hung

er.

Sou

rce:

Pla

n N

atio

nal d

e dé

velo

ppem

ent (

PN

D) 2

012-

15

(3)

Sier

ra L

eone

To

con

trib

ute

to th

e im

prov

ed h

ealth

, soc

ial,

and

econ

omic

wel

l-bei

ng

for

all

the

peop

le i

n Si

erra

Leo

ne,

espe

cial

ly w

omen

, ch

ildre

n, a

nd

othe

r nut

ritio

nally

vul

nera

ble

grou

ps.

Sou

rce:

Sie

rra

Leon

e Fo

od a

nd N

utrit

ion

Secu

rity

Pol

icy

Impl

emen

tatio

n P

lan

2012

-16

(4)

Gui

nea

Incr

ease

the

avai

labi

lity

and

stab

ility

of t

he fo

od s

uppl

y by

incr

easi

ng

crop

, ani

mal

, and

fish

ery

prod

uctio

n an

d th

eir r

espe

ctiv

e ad

ded

valu

e.

Sou

rce:

Gui

nea

Pov

erty

Red

uctio

n S

trate

gy (P

RS

P3)

201

3-15

(5)

Nig

er

To “

stre

ngth

en t

he n

atio

nal

capa

city

for

foo

d pr

oduc

tion,

a s

tead

y su

pply

cha

in, a

nd r

esili

ence

in th

e fa

ce o

f foo

d cr

ises

and

nat

ural

dis

-as

ters

.”

Sou

rce:

3N

initi

ativ

e

(6)

Bur

kina

Fas

o Th

e st

rate

gy f

or a

ccel

erat

ed g

row

th a

nd s

usta

inab

le d

evel

opm

ent

is

unde

rpin

ned

by s

ix g

uidi

ng p

rinci

ples

: (i)

ant

icip

atio

n, (

ii) n

atio

nal

owne

rshi

p, (i

ii) a

ccou

ntab

ility

, (iv

) sus

tain

able

dev

elop

men

t, (v

) prio

ri-tis

atio

n an

d co

nsis

tenc

y of

act

ions

, an

d (v

i) re

sults

-bas

ed m

anag

e-m

ent (

GA

R).

Sou

rce:

SA

GS

D B

urki

na (

Stra

tegy

for

Acc

eler

ated

Gro

wth

and

Sus

tain

able

D

evel

opm

ent)

2011

-201

5

(7)

Mal

i Pi

llar

2: S

tren

gthe

ning

of t

he lo

ng-te

rm b

ases

of d

evel

opm

ent a

nd e

q-ui

tabl

e ac

cess

to q

ualit

y so

cial

ser

vice

s S

ourc

e: “

Gro

wth

and

Pov

erty

Red

uctio

n S

trate

gy P

aper

201

2-20

17”

(Dec

20

11, r

e-va

lidat

ed b

y G

oM)

27

(8)

Ben

in

Pilla

r 5,

Bal

ance

d an

d Su

stai

nabl

e D

evel

opm

ent

at t

he N

atio

nal L

evel

“M

anag

ing

natu

ral d

isas

ters

and

risk

s”

Sou

rce:

Ben

in G

PR

SP

201

1-20

15

Indi

cato

rs, T

arge

ts /

Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

(4) L

ines

of i

nter

vent

ion

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

:

Out

com

e 1:

Sa

hel

(1

) R

einf

orci

ng n

atio

nal e

arly

war

ning

sys

tem

s w

ith p

artn

ers

allo

ws

bette

r pr

even

tion

of a

nd re

spon

se to

food

sec

urity

and

nut

ritio

nal c

rises

in th

e S

ahel

regi

on in

crea

sing

ly a

ffect

ed b

y th

e oc

curre

nce

of d

roug

ht a

nd fl

oods

. (2

) S

uppo

rt to

mul

tilat

eral

par

tner

s in

volv

ed in

ear

ly w

arni

ng s

yste

m s

etup

per

mits

an

adeq

uate

sup

port

to n

atio

nal s

truct

ures

.

Out

com

e 2:

Sa

hel

(1)

Sup

port

to W

FP, U

NIC

EF,

and

ICR

C p

rovi

des

supp

ort t

o m

alnu

tritio

n pr

ogra

mm

es in

the

Sahe

l.

M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

(1

) C

apac

ity b

uild

ing

of n

atio

nal a

ctor

s in

nut

ritio

n re

info

rces

trac

king

and

dire

ct/in

dire

ct re

spon

se to

mal

nutri

tion.

Out

com

e 3:

Sa

hel

(1)

For

fragi

le c

omm

uniti

es, s

uppo

rting

WFP

’s s

choo

l fee

ding

pro

gram

me

ensu

res

the

mai

nten

ance

of s

choo

l mea

l del

iver

ies,

thus

uni

nter

rupt

ed

educ

atio

n, re

gard

less

of p

hase

s of

sea

sona

l har

dshi

p.

(2)

WFP

, FA

O, U

NIC

EF,

and

ICR

C p

rogr

amm

es a

re ta

ilore

d to

pre

serv

e liv

elih

oods

, red

uce

food

inse

curit

y an

d ch

roni

c m

alnu

tritio

n, a

s w

ell a

s to

re

info

rce

resi

lienc

e am

ong

vuln

erab

le c

omm

uniti

es.

(3)

Sec

ondm

ents

of S

HA

exp

erts

to W

FP a

nd U

NIC

EF

prov

ide

expe

rtise

to th

ese

orga

niza

tions

and

sup

port

to th

eir d

eplo

ymen

t and

impl

emen

ta-

tion

plan

s.

M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

(1

) C

apac

ity b

uild

ing

rein

forc

es w

ater

man

agem

ent i

n lo

wla

nd ri

ce p

rodu

ctio

n.

(2)

Fina

ncia

l con

tribu

tions

to p

artn

ers.

(3

) S

econ

dmen

ts o

f SH

A e

xper

ts to

UN

Par

tner

s.

(5) R

esou

rces

, par

tner

ship

s (S

wis

s Pr

ogra

mm

e):

Year

ly b

udge

t of d

omai

n of

inte

rven

tion:

Sa

hel:

CH

F 4

mill

ion

Man

o R

iver

Uni

on: C

HF

5 m

illio

n

Mai

n im

plem

entin

g pa

rtne

rs o

f SD

C in

this

dom

ain

of in

terv

en-

tion:

Sa

hel:

WFP

, UN

ICE

F, F

AO

, IC

RC

, AC

F, a

nd O

xfam

M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

: WFP

, UN

ICE

F, F

AO

, and

AC

F

Libe

ria: d

irect

impl

emen

tatio

n (R

IS p

roje

ct) t

hrou

gh V

isio

ns in

Act

ion

(VIA

)

Mai

n na

tiona

l cou

nter

part

s of

SD

C in

thi

s do

mai

n of

inte

rven

-tio

n:

Sahe

l: C

omm

issa

riats

à la

séc

urité

alim

enta

ire o

r civ

il pr

otec

tion

bodi

es

Nig

er: D

ispo

sitif

nat

iona

l de

gest

ion

et p

réve

ntio

n de

s cr

ises

alim

enta

ires

(DN

GP

CA

) Li

beria

: Min

istry

of A

gric

ultu

re (M

oA),

Min

istry

of H

ealth

(MoH

), M

inis

try o

f Gen

der a

nd S

ocia

l Wel

fare

(MoG

&SW

)

Coo

rdin

atio

n w

ith o

ther

don

ors:

Sahe

l: th

roug

h no

rmal

coo

rdin

atio

n ch

anne

ls a

nd re

gula

r mee

tings

M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

: thr

ough

nor

mal

coo

rdin

atio

n ch

anne

ls a

nd re

gula

r mee

tings

28

8.2

Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork

Dom

ain

of In

terv

entio

n 2:

Pro

tect

ion

Not

e: T

his

Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork

cove

rs b

oth

MR

U a

nd S

ahel

. How

ever

, SP

O M

onro

via

and

SC

O B

amak

o w

ill m

onito

r sep

arat

ely

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

stra

tegy

and

repo

rt th

eir r

esul

ts in

tw

o di

ffere

nt A

nnua

l Rep

orts

. For

the

sake

of c

larit

y, d

etai

led

indi

cato

rs, t

arge

ts a

nd b

asel

ines

are

not

pre

sent

ed h

ere

but a

re a

vaila

ble

in th

e co

untri

es’ M

onito

ring

Mat

rixes

, on

dem

and.

Ove

rall

Obj

ectiv

e (g

oal):

Civ

ilian

s af

fect

ed b

y co

nflic

t are

bet

ter p

rote

cted

in W

est A

fric

a.

(1) S

wis

s po

rtfo

lio o

utco

mes

(2

) Con

trib

utio

n of

Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me

(3) C

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent o

utco

mes

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

1

Adv

ocac

y fo

r hu

man

itaria

n ac

cess

is p

rovi

ded

and

sup-

port

ed.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

N

umbe

r of

par

tner

s ab

le t

o ac

cess

vul

nera

ble

popu

la-

tions

and

pro

vide

ass

ista

nce

2.

Num

ber

of p

artn

ers

enga

ged

in p

olic

y di

alog

ue w

ith a

u-th

oriti

es e

ither

dire

ctly

or t

hrou

gh th

e IC

RC

and

/or t

he U

N

syst

em

N

ote:

Fo

r al

l Sw

iss

Por

tfolio

out

com

e st

atem

ents

, ind

i-ca

tors

, tar

get v

alue

s, a

nd b

asel

ines

are

def

ined

an

d fo

rmul

ated

sep

arat

ely

for

each

geo

grap

hic

focu

s an

d co

untry

resp

ectiv

ely.

cf

. In

dica

tor

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of

corr

espo

nden

t co

untry

in th

e M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

A

ll in

dica

tors

are

to

be m

onito

red

and

repo

rted

di

sagg

rega

ted

by g

ende

r (w

hene

ver p

ossi

ble)

.

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: A

cces

s to

vul

nera

ble

and

conf

lict a

ffect

ed p

opul

atio

ns a

llow

s pr

otec

tion

agen

cies

to fu

lfil t

heir

man

date

. S

DC

adv

ocat

es fo

r par

tner

s to

com

ply

with

hum

anita

rian

prin

-ci

ples

.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Pra

gmat

ic a

ppro

ach

to g

ain

acce

ss m

ight

com

prom

ise

hum

anita

rian

prin

cipl

es.

Ris

ks:

• G

over

nmen

t or a

rmed

gro

ups

prev

ent a

cces

s.

• La

ck o

f fun

ding

lim

its g

eogr

aphi

cal c

over

age.

•

Exp

ulsi

on o

f int

erna

tiona

l pro

tect

ion

staf

f/age

ncie

s.

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

1

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

(1)

Sahe

l

Hum

anita

rian

acce

ss

to,

and

the

prot

ectio

n of

pe

ople

, is

ensu

red.

S

ourc

e: U

N a

nd P

artn

ers

Sah

el S

trate

gy 2

013

Not

e: G

iven

the

mul

tiplic

ity o

f cou

ntrie

s in

volv

ed in

the

Sah

el S

trate

gy, t

he s

trate

gic

obje

ctiv

e is

fairl

y ge

nera

l.

(2)

Man

o R

iver

Uni

on

Sou

rce:

UN

CA

P fo

r Wes

t Afri

ca

Not

e: M

ost o

f the

UN

CA

P fo

r Wes

t Afri

ca re

fere

nce

in-

dica

tors

for

cou

ntry

dev

elop

men

t ou

tcom

es a

re m

ere

outp

ut in

dica

tors

. N

o ou

tcom

e in

dica

tors

are

mon

itore

d fo

r thi

s pa

rticu

lar c

onte

xt.

Not

e:

For

all

coun

try

deve

lopm

ent

outc

ome

stat

emen

ts, i

ndic

ator

s, t

arge

t va

lues

, and

ba

selin

es a

re d

efin

ed a

nd f

orm

ulat

ed a

c-co

rdin

g to

th

e re

gion

al

and/

or

natio

nal

fram

ewor

k do

cum

ent(s

) ref

erre

d to

. cf

. In

dica

tor

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of

co

rre-

spon

dent

cou

ntry

in th

e M

onito

ring

Syst

em

All

indi

cato

rs a

re t

o be

mon

itore

d an

d re

-po

rted

disa

ggre

gate

d by

gen

der

(whe

neve

r po

ssib

le).

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

2

Vuln

erab

le g

roup

s, in

clud

ing

child

ren,

wom

en, t

he e

lder

-ly

and

min

ority

gro

ups,

ben

efit

from

incr

ease

d pr

otec

tion

agai

nst v

iole

nce.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

Num

ber

of S

exua

l G

ende

r Ba

sed

Viol

ence

(S

GB

V)

re-

porte

d ca

ses

that

rec

eive

d ap

prop

riate

d as

sist

ance

(le

-ga

l, m

edic

al, p

sych

osoc

ial,

soci

o ec

onom

ical

) and

rein

te-

grat

ion.

2.

N

umbe

r of

id

entif

ied

Una

ccom

pani

ed

Min

ors

(UA

M)

and/

or S

epar

ated

Chi

ldre

n (S

C)

who

rec

eive

d pr

otec

tion

assi

stan

ce a

nd/o

r rei

nteg

ratio

n.

All

indi

cato

rs

are

to

be

mon

itore

d an

d re

porte

d

disa

ggre

gate

d by

gen

der (

whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

Targ

ets

/ Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: Th

roug

h S

wis

s co

ntrib

utio

n,

prot

ectio

n ag

enci

es

(ICR

C,

UN

ICE

F an

d U

NH

CR

) and

NG

Os

are

able

to m

onito

r and

col

-le

ct in

form

atio

n on

vio

latio

ns o

f rig

hts.

R

efug

ees

and

inte

rnal

ly d

ispl

aced

per

sons

are

giv

en a

de-

quat

e ca

re fr

om le

adin

g ag

enci

es a

nd h

osts

gov

ernm

ents

.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Loca

l aut

horit

ies

are

invo

lved

in m

onito

ring

mis

sion

s an

d ac

know

ledg

e ou

tcom

es.

• S

DC

pro

tect

ion

partn

ers

have

wel

l tra

ined

per

sonn

el a

nd

appr

opria

te to

ols

and

met

hods

to c

ondu

ct m

onito

ring

mis

-si

ons

and

prod

uce

repo

rts.

Ris

ks:

• Lo

cal a

utho

ritie

s pr

even

t acc

ess

to p

opul

atio

ns o

r ce

nsus

re

ports

. •

Gov

ernm

ent o

r arm

ed g

roup

s pr

even

t acc

ess.

•

Lack

of f

undi

ng li

mits

geo

grap

hica

l cov

erag

e.

• P

artn

ers

are

expe

lled

from

are

as o

f con

cern

.

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

2

Ensu

re h

uman

itaria

n ac

cess

and

im

prov

e pr

otec

-tio

n of

vul

nera

ble

peop

le (

regi

onal

str

ateg

ic o

bjec

-tiv

e 3)

. S

ourc

e: U

N C

AP

for W

est A

frica

201

1 (p

.40,

42,

93-

95)

Not

e: G

iven

the

mul

tiplic

ity o

f cou

ntrie

s in

volv

ed in

the

Wes

t Af

rica

CA

P,

the

stra

tegi

c ob

ject

ive

is f

airly

gen

-er

al.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs, T

arge

ts /

Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

29

8.2

Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork

Dom

ain

of In

terv

entio

n 2:

Pro

tect

ion

Not

e: T

his

Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork

cove

rs b

oth

MR

U a

nd S

ahel

. How

ever

, SP

O M

onro

via

and

SC

O B

amak

o w

ill m

onito

r sep

arat

ely

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

stra

tegy

and

repo

rt th

eir r

esul

ts in

tw

o di

ffere

nt A

nnua

l Rep

orts

. For

the

sake

of c

larit

y, d

etai

led

indi

cato

rs, t

arge

ts a

nd b

asel

ines

are

not

pre

sent

ed h

ere

but a

re a

vaila

ble

in th

e co

untri

es’ M

onito

ring

Mat

rixes

, on

dem

and.

Ove

rall

Obj

ectiv

e (g

oal):

Civ

ilian

s af

fect

ed b

y co

nflic

t are

bet

ter p

rote

cted

in W

est A

fric

a.

(1) S

wis

s po

rtfo

lio o

utco

mes

(2

) Con

trib

utio

n of

Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me

(3) C

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent o

utco

mes

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

1

Adv

ocac

y fo

r hu

man

itaria

n ac

cess

is p

rovi

ded

and

sup-

port

ed.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

N

umbe

r of

par

tner

s ab

le t

o ac

cess

vul

nera

ble

popu

la-

tions

and

pro

vide

ass

ista

nce

2.

Num

ber

of p

artn

ers

enga

ged

in p

olic

y di

alog

ue w

ith a

u-th

oriti

es e

ither

dire

ctly

or t

hrou

gh th

e IC

RC

and

/or t

he U

N

syst

em

N

ote:

Fo

r al

l Sw

iss

Por

tfolio

out

com

e st

atem

ents

, ind

i-ca

tors

, tar

get v

alue

s, a

nd b

asel

ines

are

def

ined

an

d fo

rmul

ated

sep

arat

ely

for

each

geo

grap

hic

focu

s an

d co

untry

resp

ectiv

ely.

cf

. In

dica

tor

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of

corr

espo

nden

t co

untry

in th

e M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

A

ll in

dica

tors

are

to

be m

onito

red

and

repo

rted

di

sagg

rega

ted

by g

ende

r (w

hene

ver p

ossi

ble)

.

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: A

cces

s to

vul

nera

ble

and

conf

lict a

ffect

ed p

opul

atio

ns a

llow

s pr

otec

tion

agen

cies

to fu

lfil t

heir

man

date

. S

DC

adv

ocat

es fo

r par

tner

s to

com

ply

with

hum

anita

rian

prin

-ci

ples

.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Pra

gmat

ic a

ppro

ach

to g

ain

acce

ss m

ight

com

prom

ise

hum

anita

rian

prin

cipl

es.

Ris

ks:

• G

over

nmen

t or a

rmed

gro

ups

prev

ent a

cces

s.

• La

ck o

f fun

ding

lim

its g

eogr

aphi

cal c

over

age.

•

Exp

ulsi

on o

f int

erna

tiona

l pro

tect

ion

staf

f/age

ncie

s.

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

1

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

(1)

Sahe

l

Hum

anita

rian

acce

ss

to,

and

the

prot

ectio

n of

pe

ople

, is

ensu

red.

S

ourc

e: U

N a

nd P

artn

ers

Sah

el S

trate

gy 2

013

Not

e: G

iven

the

mul

tiplic

ity o

f cou

ntrie

s in

volv

ed in

the

Sah

el S

trate

gy, t

he s

trate

gic

obje

ctiv

e is

fairl

y ge

nera

l.

(2)

Man

o R

iver

Uni

on

Sou

rce:

UN

CA

P fo

r Wes

t Afri

ca

Not

e: M

ost o

f the

UN

CA

P fo

r Wes

t Afri

ca re

fere

nce

in-

dica

tors

for

cou

ntry

dev

elop

men

t ou

tcom

es a

re m

ere

outp

ut in

dica

tors

. N

o ou

tcom

e in

dica

tors

are

mon

itore

d fo

r thi

s pa

rticu

lar c

onte

xt.

Not

e:

For

all

coun

try

deve

lopm

ent

outc

ome

stat

emen

ts, i

ndic

ator

s, t

arge

t va

lues

, and

ba

selin

es a

re d

efin

ed a

nd f

orm

ulat

ed a

c-co

rdin

g to

th

e re

gion

al

and/

or

natio

nal

fram

ewor

k do

cum

ent(s

) ref

erre

d to

. cf

. In

dica

tor

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of

co

rre-

spon

dent

cou

ntry

in th

e M

onito

ring

Syst

em

All

indi

cato

rs a

re t

o be

mon

itore

d an

d re

-po

rted

disa

ggre

gate

d by

gen

der

(whe

neve

r po

ssib

le).

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

2

Vuln

erab

le g

roup

s, in

clud

ing

child

ren,

wom

en, t

he e

lder

-ly

and

min

ority

gro

ups,

ben

efit

from

incr

ease

d pr

otec

tion

agai

nst v

iole

nce.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

Num

ber

of S

exua

l G

ende

r Ba

sed

Viol

ence

(S

GB

V)

re-

porte

d ca

ses

that

rec

eive

d ap

prop

riate

d as

sist

ance

(le

-ga

l, m

edic

al, p

sych

osoc

ial,

soci

o ec

onom

ical

) and

rein

te-

grat

ion.

2.

N

umbe

r of

id

entif

ied

Una

ccom

pani

ed

Min

ors

(UA

M)

and/

or S

epar

ated

Chi

ldre

n (S

C)

who

rec

eive

d pr

otec

tion

assi

stan

ce a

nd/o

r rei

nteg

ratio

n.

All

indi

cato

rs

are

to

be

mon

itore

d an

d re

porte

d

disa

ggre

gate

d by

gen

der (

whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e).

Targ

ets

/ Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: Th

roug

h S

wis

s co

ntrib

utio

n,

prot

ectio

n ag

enci

es

(ICR

C,

UN

ICE

F an

d U

NH

CR

) and

NG

Os

are

able

to m

onito

r and

col

-le

ct in

form

atio

n on

vio

latio

ns o

f rig

hts.

R

efug

ees

and

inte

rnal

ly d

ispl

aced

per

sons

are

giv

en a

de-

quat

e ca

re fr

om le

adin

g ag

enci

es a

nd h

osts

gov

ernm

ents

.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Loca

l aut

horit

ies

are

invo

lved

in m

onito

ring

mis

sion

s an

d ac

know

ledg

e ou

tcom

es.

• S

DC

pro

tect

ion

partn

ers

have

wel

l tra

ined

per

sonn

el a

nd

appr

opria

te to

ols

and

met

hods

to c

ondu

ct m

onito

ring

mis

-si

ons

and

prod

uce

repo

rts.

Ris

ks:

• Lo

cal a

utho

ritie

s pr

even

t acc

ess

to p

opul

atio

ns o

r ce

nsus

re

ports

. •

Gov

ernm

ent o

r arm

ed g

roup

s pr

even

t acc

ess.

•

Lack

of f

undi

ng li

mits

geo

grap

hica

l cov

erag

e.

• P

artn

ers

are

expe

lled

from

are

as o

f con

cern

.

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

2

Ensu

re h

uman

itaria

n ac

cess

and

im

prov

e pr

otec

-tio

n of

vul

nera

ble

peop

le (

regi

onal

str

ateg

ic o

bjec

-tiv

e 3)

. S

ourc

e: U

N C

AP

for W

est A

frica

201

1 (p

.40,

42,

93-

95)

Not

e: G

iven

the

mul

tiplic

ity o

f cou

ntrie

s in

volv

ed in

the

Wes

t Af

rica

CA

P,

the

stra

tegi

c ob

ject

ive

is f

airly

gen

-er

al.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs, T

arge

ts /

Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

30

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

3

Con

flict

-affe

cted

pop

ulat

ions

ben

efit

from

inc

reas

ed a

d-he

renc

e of

con

flict

ing

part

ies

to h

uman

itaria

n pr

inci

ples

an

d In

tern

atio

nal H

uman

itaria

n La

w (I

HL)

.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

Num

ber o

f per

sons

(mili

tary

, jud

icia

ry) t

rain

ed in

IHL.

2.

N

umbe

r of

IH

L di

ffusi

on s

essi

ons

carr

ied

out

amon

g fo

rces

in c

onfli

ct.

All

indi

cato

rs a

re to

be

mon

itore

d an

d re

porte

d di

sagg

rega

ted

by g

ende

r (w

hene

ver p

ossi

ble)

.

Targ

ets

/ Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: S

wis

s co

ntrib

utio

ns to

ICR

C a

nd U

NH

CR

pro

tect

ion

activ

ities

en

hanc

e th

e pr

otec

tion

of c

ivilia

ns in

arm

ed c

onfli

cts.

C

hild

pro

tect

ion

activ

ities

in

ta

rget

ar

eas

are

carr

ied

out

thro

ugh

Sw

iss

cont

ribut

ions

to im

plem

entin

g pa

rtner

s.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Pos

itive

res

pons

e fro

m t

he g

over

nmen

t on

hum

an r

ight

s al

low

ing

acto

rs to

pro

vide

thei

r pro

tect

ion

serv

ices

. •

Act

ors

have

acc

ess

to c

ivili

ans

affe

cted

by

conf

lict.

Ris

ks:

• W

este

rn s

take

hold

ers

are

cons

ider

ed b

y G

over

nmen

t as

bi

ased

in p

erce

ptio

n of

law

and

fund

amen

tal f

reed

oms.

•

Gov

ernm

ent o

r arm

ed g

roup

s pr

even

t acc

ess.

•

Par

tner

s ar

e ex

pelle

d fro

m a

reas

of c

once

rn.

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

3

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

(1)

Sahe

l En

hanc

e pr

otec

tion

of c

ivili

ans

and

prom

ote

the

re-

alis

atio

n of

thei

r rig

hts.

S

ourc

e: U

N a

nd P

artn

ers

Sah

el S

trate

gy 2

013

Not

e: G

iven

the

mul

tiplic

ity o

f cou

ntrie

s in

volv

ed in

the

Sah

el S

trate

gy, t

he s

trate

gic

obje

ctiv

e is

fairl

y ge

nera

l.

(2)

Man

o R

iver

Uni

on

Sou

rce:

UN

CA

P fo

r Wes

t Afri

ca

Not

e: M

ost o

f the

UN

CA

P fo

r Wes

t Afri

ca re

fere

nce

in-

dica

tors

for

cou

ntry

dev

elop

men

t ou

tcom

es a

re m

ere

outp

ut in

dica

tors

. N

o ou

tcom

e in

dica

tors

are

mon

itore

d fo

r thi

s pa

rticu

lar c

onte

xt.

Indi

cato

rs, T

arge

ts /

Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

(4) L

ines

of i

nter

vent

ion

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

:

Out

com

e 1:

Sa

hel a

nd M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

(1

) A

cces

s to

vul

nera

ble

popu

latio

n is

faci

litat

ed th

ough

adv

ocac

y of

ICR

C, U

NH

CR

, UN

ICE

F or

oth

er p

artn

ers.

Out

com

e 2:

Sa

hel a

nd M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

(1

) S

wis

s co

ntrib

utio

ns to

pro

tect

ion

partn

ers

(ICR

C, U

NH

CR

, UN

ICE

F, IO

M, D

RC

, and

NR

C)

faci

litat

e th

e pr

otec

tion

of r

efug

ees

or in

-te

rnal

ly d

ispl

aced

per

sons

thro

ugh

advo

cacy

and

ass

ista

nce,

in a

ccor

danc

e to

thei

r man

date

.

Out

com

e 3:

Sa

hel a

nd M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

(1

) S

wis

s co

ntrib

utio

ns to

UN

HC

R a

nd IC

RC

sup

port

the

prov

isio

n of

IHL

diffu

sion

as

wel

l as

dete

ntio

n su

ppor

t or s

ensi

tizat

ion

on p

rote

c-tio

n is

sues

to a

rmed

forc

es, d

uty

bear

ers

and

right

hol

ders

.

(5) R

esou

rces

, par

tner

ship

s (S

wis

s Pr

ogra

mm

e):

Year

ly b

udge

t of d

omai

n of

inte

rven

tion:

Sa

hel:

CH

F 2.

5 m

io

Man

o R

iver

Uni

on: C

HF

2.5

mio

Mai

n im

plem

entin

g pa

rtne

rs o

f SD

C in

this

dom

ain

of in

terv

entio

n:

Sahe

l: IC

RC

, UN

HC

R, U

NIC

EF,

NR

C, a

nd D

RC

M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

: IC

RC

, UN

ICE

F, a

nd S

abou

Gui

nea

Mai

n na

tiona

l cou

nter

part

s of

SD

C in

this

dom

ain

of in

terv

entio

n:

Sahe

l: M

inis

try o

f Soc

ial A

ffairs

, Min

istry

of D

efen

ce, a

nd M

inis

try o

f Int

erio

r M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

: Min

istry

of J

ustic

e an

d M

inis

try o

f Int

erio

r.

Coo

rdin

atio

n w

ith o

ther

don

ors:

Sahe

l: th

roug

h no

rmal

coo

rdin

atio

n ch

anne

ls, r

egul

ar m

eetin

gs, a

nd a

ctiv

e pa

rtner

dia

logu

e M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

: thr

ough

nor

mal

coo

rdin

atio

n ch

anne

ls, r

egul

ar m

eetin

gs, a

nd a

ctiv

e pa

rtner

dia

logu

e

8.3 Monitoring Concept for the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa 2013-2016

Introduction The Cooperation Strategy of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Humanitarian Aid for West Africa sets out strategic priorities for the period 2013-2016. The overall goal of this strategy is to “contrib-ute to reduce the impact of crises and ensure greater respect for human rights through the building of resilience of the most vulnerable and better protection of the civilian population”. Setting this overall goal, the Swiss Humanitarian Aid aims to contribute to the achievement of the Goal Nr. 1 as formulated in the Bill on Switzerland’s International Cooperation 2013-2016: “Preventing and overcoming crises, conflicts, and catastrophes” (approved by Swiss Parliament in 2012). SDC/HA contributes to the achievement of this goal by focusing its interventions on two domains9:

Overall goal of the Swiss Humanitarian Aid engagement in West Africa: Through the building of resilience of the most vulnerable and better protection of the civilian population, Swiss Humanitarian Aid will contribute to reduce the impact of crises and ensure greater respect for human rights.

Domain of intervention Strategic objective

Food Security & Nutrition and Resilience Building

• National and local authorities have functional and coordinated mechanisms of early warning, prevention, response to and follow-up of food and nutri-tional crises; they make effective use of these mechanisms in the event of a crisis.

• The nutritional status of children under 5 years, pregnant women, and breast-feeding mothers is improved.

• The most vulnerable segments of the population benefit from social safety nets (e.g. C&V, food for assets programmes, insurance), which are devel-oped and put in place; their resilience is strengthened.

Protection

• Advocacy for humanitarian access is provided and supported. • Vulnerable groups, including children, women, the elderly, and minority

groups, benefit from increased protection against violence.

• Conflict-affected populations benefit from increased adherence of conflicting parties to humanitarian principles and to International Humanitarian Law (IHL).

Interventions are planned, managed and monitored through results frameworks10. The results frameworks - established at the moment of developing the cooperation strategy - identify for each of the two above-mentioned domains of intervention a set of:

• Results at country level (overall achievements in concerned countries of West Africa) • Results at Swiss Portfolio level (achievements of SDC contributing to country level results)

The results frameworks and this concept of a monitoring system were developed to track and report on the pro-gresses in the implementation of the Humanitarian Aid Cooperation Strategy. They are built on a perspective of emphasizing country results while achievements of the Swiss Humanitarian Aid are understood as a contribu-tion to achieve these results.

9 cf. Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa 2013-2016, chapter 4 10 cf. Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa 2013-2016, annexes 8.1 and 8.2. SDC’s results

frameworks use a modified logical framework approach to link strategic impacts and outcomes to program-level out-comes. They then set out means by which achievement at all levels of the hierarchy can be measured. Results frame-works incorporate the contribution of other partners necessary to achieve relevant objectives and outline the cause-and-effect linkages between strategic results and specific program outcomes.

31

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

3

Con

flict

-affe

cted

pop

ulat

ions

ben

efit

from

inc

reas

ed a

d-he

renc

e of

con

flict

ing

part

ies

to h

uman

itaria

n pr

inci

ples

an

d In

tern

atio

nal H

uman

itaria

n La

w (I

HL)

.

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

Indi

cato

rs:

1.

Num

ber o

f per

sons

(mili

tary

, jud

icia

ry) t

rain

ed in

IHL.

2.

N

umbe

r of

IH

L di

ffusi

on s

essi

ons

carr

ied

out

amon

g fo

rces

in c

onfli

ct.

All

indi

cato

rs a

re to

be

mon

itore

d an

d re

porte

d di

sagg

rega

ted

by g

ende

r (w

hene

ver p

ossi

ble)

.

Targ

ets

/ Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

Logi

c of

con

trib

utio

n / m

ilest

ones

: S

wis

s co

ntrib

utio

ns to

ICR

C a

nd U

NH

CR

pro

tect

ion

activ

ities

en

hanc

e th

e pr

otec

tion

of c

ivilia

ns in

arm

ed c

onfli

cts.

C

hild

pro

tect

ion

activ

ities

in

ta

rget

ar

eas

are

carr

ied

out

thro

ugh

Sw

iss

cont

ribut

ions

to im

plem

entin

g pa

rtner

s.

Ass

umpt

ions

: •

Pos

itive

res

pons

e fro

m t

he g

over

nmen

t on

hum

an r

ight

s al

low

ing

acto

rs to

pro

vide

thei

r pro

tect

ion

serv

ices

. •

Act

ors

have

acc

ess

to c

ivili

ans

affe

cted

by

conf

lict.

Ris

ks:

• W

este

rn s

take

hold

ers

are

cons

ider

ed b

y G

over

nmen

t as

bi

ased

in p

erce

ptio

n of

law

and

fund

amen

tal f

reed

oms.

•

Gov

ernm

ent o

r arm

ed g

roup

s pr

even

t acc

ess.

•

Par

tner

s ar

e ex

pelle

d fro

m a

reas

of c

once

rn.

OU

TCO

ME

STA

TEM

ENT

3

Geo

grap

hic

focu

s:

• M

ali,

Nig

er, B

urki

na F

aso

• Li

beria

, Côt

e d’

Ivoi

re, S

ierr

a Le

one,

Gui

nea

(1)

Sahe

l En

hanc

e pr

otec

tion

of c

ivili

ans

and

prom

ote

the

re-

alis

atio

n of

thei

r rig

hts.

S

ourc

e: U

N a

nd P

artn

ers

Sah

el S

trate

gy 2

013

Not

e: G

iven

the

mul

tiplic

ity o

f cou

ntrie

s in

volv

ed in

the

Sah

el S

trate

gy, t

he s

trate

gic

obje

ctiv

e is

fairl

y ge

nera

l.

(2)

Man

o R

iver

Uni

on

Sou

rce:

UN

CA

P fo

r Wes

t Afri

ca

Not

e: M

ost o

f the

UN

CA

P fo

r Wes

t Afri

ca re

fere

nce

in-

dica

tors

for

cou

ntry

dev

elop

men

t ou

tcom

es a

re m

ere

outp

ut in

dica

tors

. N

o ou

tcom

e in

dica

tors

are

mon

itore

d fo

r thi

s pa

rticu

lar c

onte

xt.

Indi

cato

rs, T

arge

ts /

Bas

elin

es:

cf. I

ndic

ator

Mon

itorin

g M

atrix

of c

orre

spon

dent

cou

ntry

(4) L

ines

of i

nter

vent

ion

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

:

Out

com

e 1:

Sa

hel a

nd M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

(1

) A

cces

s to

vul

nera

ble

popu

latio

n is

faci

litat

ed th

ough

adv

ocac

y of

ICR

C, U

NH

CR

, UN

ICE

F or

oth

er p

artn

ers.

Out

com

e 2:

Sa

hel a

nd M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

(1

) S

wis

s co

ntrib

utio

ns to

pro

tect

ion

partn

ers

(ICR

C, U

NH

CR

, UN

ICE

F, IO

M, D

RC

, and

NR

C)

faci

litat

e th

e pr

otec

tion

of r

efug

ees

or in

-te

rnal

ly d

ispl

aced

per

sons

thro

ugh

advo

cacy

and

ass

ista

nce,

in a

ccor

danc

e to

thei

r man

date

.

Out

com

e 3:

Sa

hel a

nd M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

(1

) S

wis

s co

ntrib

utio

ns to

UN

HC

R a

nd IC

RC

sup

port

the

prov

isio

n of

IHL

diffu

sion

as

wel

l as

dete

ntio

n su

ppor

t or s

ensi

tizat

ion

on p

rote

c-tio

n is

sues

to a

rmed

forc

es, d

uty

bear

ers

and

right

hol

ders

.

(5) R

esou

rces

, par

tner

ship

s (S

wis

s Pr

ogra

mm

e):

Year

ly b

udge

t of d

omai

n of

inte

rven

tion:

Sa

hel:

CH

F 2.

5 m

io

Man

o R

iver

Uni

on: C

HF

2.5

mio

Mai

n im

plem

entin

g pa

rtne

rs o

f SD

C in

this

dom

ain

of in

terv

entio

n:

Sahe

l: IC

RC

, UN

HC

R, U

NIC

EF,

NR

C, a

nd D

RC

M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

: IC

RC

, UN

ICE

F, a

nd S

abou

Gui

nea

Mai

n na

tiona

l cou

nter

part

s of

SD

C in

this

dom

ain

of in

terv

entio

n:

Sahe

l: M

inis

try o

f Soc

ial A

ffairs

, Min

istry

of D

efen

ce, a

nd M

inis

try o

f Int

erio

r M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

: Min

istry

of J

ustic

e an

d M

inis

try o

f Int

erio

r.

Coo

rdin

atio

n w

ith o

ther

don

ors:

Sahe

l: th

roug

h no

rmal

coo

rdin

atio

n ch

anne

ls, r

egul

ar m

eetin

gs, a

nd a

ctiv

e pa

rtner

dia

logu

e M

ano

Riv

er U

nion

: thr

ough

nor

mal

coo

rdin

atio

n ch

anne

ls, r

egul

ar m

eetin

gs, a

nd a

ctiv

e pa

rtner

dia

logu

e

8.3 Monitoring Concept for the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa 2013-2016

Introduction The Cooperation Strategy of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Humanitarian Aid for West Africa sets out strategic priorities for the period 2013-2016. The overall goal of this strategy is to “contrib-ute to reduce the impact of crises and ensure greater respect for human rights through the building of resilience of the most vulnerable and better protection of the civilian population”. Setting this overall goal, the Swiss Humanitarian Aid aims to contribute to the achievement of the Goal Nr. 1 as formulated in the Bill on Switzerland’s International Cooperation 2013-2016: “Preventing and overcoming crises, conflicts, and catastrophes” (approved by Swiss Parliament in 2012). SDC/HA contributes to the achievement of this goal by focusing its interventions on two domains9:

Overall goal of the Swiss Humanitarian Aid engagement in West Africa: Through the building of resilience of the most vulnerable and better protection of the civilian population, Swiss Humanitarian Aid will contribute to reduce the impact of crises and ensure greater respect for human rights.

Domain of intervention Strategic objective

Food Security & Nutrition and Resilience Building

• National and local authorities have functional and coordinated mechanisms of early warning, prevention, response to and follow-up of food and nutri-tional crises; they make effective use of these mechanisms in the event of a crisis.

• The nutritional status of children under 5 years, pregnant women, and breast-feeding mothers is improved.

• The most vulnerable segments of the population benefit from social safety nets (e.g. C&V, food for assets programmes, insurance), which are devel-oped and put in place; their resilience is strengthened.

Protection

• Advocacy for humanitarian access is provided and supported. • Vulnerable groups, including children, women, the elderly, and minority

groups, benefit from increased protection against violence.

• Conflict-affected populations benefit from increased adherence of conflicting parties to humanitarian principles and to International Humanitarian Law (IHL).

Interventions are planned, managed and monitored through results frameworks10. The results frameworks - established at the moment of developing the cooperation strategy - identify for each of the two above-mentioned domains of intervention a set of:

• Results at country level (overall achievements in concerned countries of West Africa) • Results at Swiss Portfolio level (achievements of SDC contributing to country level results)

The results frameworks and this concept of a monitoring system were developed to track and report on the pro-gresses in the implementation of the Humanitarian Aid Cooperation Strategy. They are built on a perspective of emphasizing country results while achievements of the Swiss Humanitarian Aid are understood as a contribu-tion to achieve these results.

9 cf. Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa 2013-2016, chapter 4 10 cf. Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa 2013-2016, annexes 8.1 and 8.2. SDC’s results

frameworks use a modified logical framework approach to link strategic impacts and outcomes to program-level out-comes. They then set out means by which achievement at all levels of the hierarchy can be measured. Results frame-works incorporate the contribution of other partners necessary to achieve relevant objectives and outline the cause-and-effect linkages between strategic results and specific program outcomes.

32

The approach aims to integrate the observations at country level (1) and Swiss Portfolio11 level (2) and to fo-cus on monitored results at outcome level in all operations (focus on effect level). The monitoring of the wider context (3) and of the Office Portfolio Management (4) completes the system.

The monitoring of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid will be done and reported separately for Mano River Union (MRU) and Sahel countries respectively. It is under the responsibility of:

• the Swiss Programme Office (SPO) in Monrovia (Liberia), for countries of the MRU

• the Humanitarian Advisor in the Swiss Cooperation Office (SCO) in Bamako (Mali), for countries of the Sahel Zone

This note aims to present to all stakeholders the main characteristics and tools of the monitoring system. Objectives The monitoring of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid serves mainly the three-fold objective of:

• Programme steering for ensuring relevance, effectiveness and efficiency;

• Accounting for results to SDC headquarters (and, indirectly, vis-à-vis external stakeholders);

• Continuous learning at different levels as part of the interaction between SDC Humanitarian Aid and its partners in West Africa, and within the Swiss Programme Office in Liberia and the Cooperation Office in Mali respectively. Learning refers both to results and performance.

The monitoring of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid fosters a new way of programme imple-mentation that is result-oriented, where decisions are transparent and based on evidence. It fulfills two distinct roles:

• It helps SDC/HA to steer its activities and reach its set-out goals for the timeframe of its cooperation strategy. It achieves this by measuring the effectiveness of the Swiss Portfolio on or in its respective sectors.

• It provides information on the progress and quality of SPO/SCO activities to headquarters in Bern for evidence-based discussion and decision making, and for accountability purposes.

What and how do we monitor? As mentioned above, progresses in the implementation of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid are structured according to the two domains of intervention (Food Security and Nutrition / Resilience Building, and Protection) and the two levels of observation (country level and Swiss Portfolio level) as outlined in the re-sults frameworks. The diagrams below show the relatively complex outcomes to be achieved as defined in the Cooperation Strat-egy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa 2013-2016 at Swiss Portfolio level:

11 “Swiss Portfolio” refers to all Swiss actors in West Africa, including SDC Humanitarian Aid & SHA

33

The approach aims to integrate the observations at country level (1) and Swiss Portfolio11 level (2) and to fo-cus on monitored results at outcome level in all operations (focus on effect level). The monitoring of the wider context (3) and of the Office Portfolio Management (4) completes the system.

The monitoring of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid will be done and reported separately for Mano River Union (MRU) and Sahel countries respectively. It is under the responsibility of:

• the Swiss Programme Office (SPO) in Monrovia (Liberia), for countries of the MRU

• the Humanitarian Advisor in the Swiss Cooperation Office (SCO) in Bamako (Mali), for countries of the Sahel Zone

This note aims to present to all stakeholders the main characteristics and tools of the monitoring system. Objectives The monitoring of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid serves mainly the three-fold objective of:

• Programme steering for ensuring relevance, effectiveness and efficiency;

• Accounting for results to SDC headquarters (and, indirectly, vis-à-vis external stakeholders);

• Continuous learning at different levels as part of the interaction between SDC Humanitarian Aid and its partners in West Africa, and within the Swiss Programme Office in Liberia and the Cooperation Office in Mali respectively. Learning refers both to results and performance.

The monitoring of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid fosters a new way of programme imple-mentation that is result-oriented, where decisions are transparent and based on evidence. It fulfills two distinct roles:

• It helps SDC/HA to steer its activities and reach its set-out goals for the timeframe of its cooperation strategy. It achieves this by measuring the effectiveness of the Swiss Portfolio on or in its respective sectors.

• It provides information on the progress and quality of SPO/SCO activities to headquarters in Bern for evidence-based discussion and decision making, and for accountability purposes.

What and how do we monitor? As mentioned above, progresses in the implementation of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid are structured according to the two domains of intervention (Food Security and Nutrition / Resilience Building, and Protection) and the two levels of observation (country level and Swiss Portfolio level) as outlined in the re-sults frameworks. The diagrams below show the relatively complex outcomes to be achieved as defined in the Cooperation Strat-egy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa 2013-2016 at Swiss Portfolio level:

11 “Swiss Portfolio” refers to all Swiss actors in West Africa, including SDC Humanitarian Aid & SHA

On the basis of the results frameworks, SDC/HA has selected a manageable number of indicators for each stra-tegic objective and outcome. The number of indicators depends not only on availability but also on the capacity of the responsible persons to manage (collect and interpret) selected indicators efficiently. Indicators need to be accessible through existing national statistics, development and humanitarian partner studies, or collected within SDC/HA’s own programme and project activities. If it becomes obvious that addition-al data needs to be generated, other means of data collection (e.g. questionnaires, surveys, reviews, etc.) could be envisaged. Such practice is also appropriate to deepen the knowledge on particular aspects.

FOOD SECURITY & NUTRITION / RESILIENCE BUILDING Strategic objective: Improved food security and resilience of vulnerable populations affected by conflict and/or natural disasters

Outcome FS 1: National and local authorities have functional and coordi-nated mechanisms of early warning, prevention, response to and follow-up of food and nutritional crises; they make effective use of these mechanisms in the event of a crisis. Geographic focus: Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso

Outcome FS 2: The nutritional status of children under 5 years, pregnant women, and breast-feeding mothers is improved. Geographic focus: Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Guinea

Outcome FS 3: The most vulnerable segments of the population benefit from social safety nets (e.g. C&V, food for assets programmes, insurance), which are developed and put in place; their resilience is strengthened. Geographic focus: Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Guinea

PROTECTION Strategic objective: Civilians affected by conflict are better protected in West Africa

Outcome P1: Advocacy for humanitarian access is provided and supported. Geographic focus: Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Guinea

Outcome P2: Vulnerable groups, including children, women, the elderly, and minority groups, benefit from increased protection against violence. Geographic focus: Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Guinea

Outcome P3: Conflict-affected populations benefit from increased ad-herence of conflicting parties to humanitarian principles and to International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Geographic focus: Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Guinea

34

Table below presents what is being monitored (outcomes, indicators) and how (monitoring system).

Results at country level

Outcomes

For each country of engagement (Mano River Union, Sahel Zone), at least one relevant outcome was identified per domain of intervention, taking into consideration national development or humanitarian goals (or proxies) relevant to the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid. The outcomes are monitored to verify:

- whether the country is moving towards the set objectives; and - whether the objectives keep their validity or need to be revised.

The observations provide a basis for possibile correlation with the Swiss Portfolio outcomes.

Indicators

A set of indicators per outcome was identified to monitor the outcomes at country level; they are aligned with national indicators and/or those developed by international institutions or other donors. Where possible, gender aspects are integrated through gender disaggregated data collection (the same is true for the indicators at Swiss Portfolio level).

Monitoring System

Information is gathered periodically and analysis is conducted once or maximum twice a year based on diversified sources of secondary data such as reports by the governements, UN Agencies, international organizations or local NGOs. The performance is evaluated and recorded in tables in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. This task is under responsibility of SDC/HA staff, per domain of intervention.

Results at Swiss Portfolio level

Outcomes

Three outcomes per domain of intervention were identified based on the vision of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa12.The outcomes are monitored to verify:

- whether the Swiss Portfolio is evolving in line with the objectives defined; and - whether the exptected portofolio contributions to the country level keep their validity or need to be

revised. The outcomes are monitored and analysed as they are directly linked to the country’s outcomes and spe-cial emphasis is put on assessing to what extent they contribute to country level outcomes.

Indicators

A set of indicators were identified to monitor all outcomes at this level; they constitute a mix between indi-cators existing at national level and specific indicators used in the SDC/HA-supported projects and programmes. Baselines for each indicator are established either as a figure or as a statement. Indicators at this level may be adjusted and/or added if and whenever more suitable information should become available during the process of implementation.

Monitoring System

Information is gathered periodically and analysis is conducted once or twice a year based on own or part-ners’ annual and progress reports, internal and/or external evaluations, surveys and focus group discus-sions, meetings with projects’ management and stakeholders, domain workshops as well as minutes of staff meetings and field visits. The performance is evaluated and recorded in tables (monitoring matrixes). The information (qualitative and quantitive) is arrranged by Swiss Portfolio outcome with an indication of the associated project. This task is under the responsibility of SDC/HA staff, per assigned programmes or projects.

Monitoring modalities

The monitoring processes will be done separately for Mano River Union countries and Sahel countries respectively, using different monitoring matrixes for Swiss Portfolio outcomes and country development outcomes. Since for each country dif-ferent country development outcomes and indicators were formulated (according to correspondent national reference documents), there are for each country a set of two monitoring matrixes (totally 16 monitoring matrixes to work with).

12 Swiss Portfolio outcomes should not be confused with specific programme or project outcomes. While portfolio out-

comes (and indicators) were developed by SDC/HA to define and monitor the achievements of results according to the objectives of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid, project outcomes (and indicators) refer to single pro-jects within the different domains of intervention and were developed by project managers in cooperation with SDC/HA.

35

Table below presents what is being monitored (outcomes, indicators) and how (monitoring system).

Results at country level

Outcomes

For each country of engagement (Mano River Union, Sahel Zone), at least one relevant outcome was identified per domain of intervention, taking into consideration national development or humanitarian goals (or proxies) relevant to the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid. The outcomes are monitored to verify:

- whether the country is moving towards the set objectives; and - whether the objectives keep their validity or need to be revised.

The observations provide a basis for possibile correlation with the Swiss Portfolio outcomes.

Indicators

A set of indicators per outcome was identified to monitor the outcomes at country level; they are aligned with national indicators and/or those developed by international institutions or other donors. Where possible, gender aspects are integrated through gender disaggregated data collection (the same is true for the indicators at Swiss Portfolio level).

Monitoring System

Information is gathered periodically and analysis is conducted once or maximum twice a year based on diversified sources of secondary data such as reports by the governements, UN Agencies, international organizations or local NGOs. The performance is evaluated and recorded in tables in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. This task is under responsibility of SDC/HA staff, per domain of intervention.

Results at Swiss Portfolio level

Outcomes

Three outcomes per domain of intervention were identified based on the vision of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid for West Africa12.The outcomes are monitored to verify:

- whether the Swiss Portfolio is evolving in line with the objectives defined; and - whether the exptected portofolio contributions to the country level keep their validity or need to be

revised. The outcomes are monitored and analysed as they are directly linked to the country’s outcomes and spe-cial emphasis is put on assessing to what extent they contribute to country level outcomes.

Indicators

A set of indicators were identified to monitor all outcomes at this level; they constitute a mix between indi-cators existing at national level and specific indicators used in the SDC/HA-supported projects and programmes. Baselines for each indicator are established either as a figure or as a statement. Indicators at this level may be adjusted and/or added if and whenever more suitable information should become available during the process of implementation.

Monitoring System

Information is gathered periodically and analysis is conducted once or twice a year based on own or part-ners’ annual and progress reports, internal and/or external evaluations, surveys and focus group discus-sions, meetings with projects’ management and stakeholders, domain workshops as well as minutes of staff meetings and field visits. The performance is evaluated and recorded in tables (monitoring matrixes). The information (qualitative and quantitive) is arrranged by Swiss Portfolio outcome with an indication of the associated project. This task is under the responsibility of SDC/HA staff, per assigned programmes or projects.

Monitoring modalities

The monitoring processes will be done separately for Mano River Union countries and Sahel countries respectively, using different monitoring matrixes for Swiss Portfolio outcomes and country development outcomes. Since for each country dif-ferent country development outcomes and indicators were formulated (according to correspondent national reference documents), there are for each country a set of two monitoring matrixes (totally 16 monitoring matrixes to work with).

12 Swiss Portfolio outcomes should not be confused with specific programme or project outcomes. While portfolio out-

comes (and indicators) were developed by SDC/HA to define and monitor the achievements of results according to the objectives of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid, project outcomes (and indicators) refer to single pro-jects within the different domains of intervention and were developed by project managers in cooperation with SDC/HA.

In addition to these two levels of observation (country development and Swiss Portfolio), the monitor-ing of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid also takes into consideration the following:

• Management and performance of the Swiss Portfolio at SCO level through an annual office manage-ment report (OMR);

• Issues relevant to the country’s wider development context through an instrument developed by SDC (MERV13) which reviews changes against scenarios and adjusts SDC’s intervention strategy if required.

What do we do with the information obtained by monitoring activities? The information that is gathered and analyzed is reflected in the annual report and reported to SDC Headquar-ters every year in autumn14. The key products of the process are the result statements (one per domain of inter-vention) contained in the annual report. The result statements are a critical overall assessment of the results achieved and aim to assess the following:

• Country’s progresses or failures in achieving the country outcomes;

• The extent to which the Swiss portfolio contributed to the country’s achievements.

The analysis highlights outstanding progress or success, including in transversal themes (gender equality, con-flict-sensitive programme management, climate change and disaster resilience, as well as governance), policy dialogue or donor coordination which have been instrumental for result achievement.

To summarize, the monitoring system of the Cooperation Strategy of SDC Humanitarian Aid serves a triple pur-pose:

• Supporting SDC/HA in the evidence-based steering of the programme portfolio;

• Accounting for results, mainly from the Swiss Cooperation Office and Swiss Programme Office respec-tively towards Headquarters, and indirectly vis-à-vis external stakeholders as well;

• Learning at all levels by actively involving staff across all projects and SCO/SPO staff. The system aims to improve project cycle management (PCM) capacities, with a particular focus on outcome monitoring. To ensure that the monitoring process remains focussed, SCO/SPO staff is encouraged to always keep the outcomes of the cooperation strategy in mind when discussing with partners and in the annual reporting (e.g. during staff meetings, domain workshop, etc).

13 MERV: Monitoring Entwicklungsrelevanter Veränderungen 14 In addition, a mid-term review (in 2014 or 2015) of the Humanitarian Aid Cooperation Strategy may be envisaged.

36

Annual work plan/time table of the yearly monitoring process

Activities Responsibilities When

Mid-term information gathering from partners (previous year’s annual report, evaluations, etc.) SCO/SPO staff, per assigned project April – June

Mid-term analysis of country outcomes (review of reports published in the previous six months)

SCO/SPO staff, per domain of intervention

July - August Piloting of the Monitoring System: information gathering, analy-sis and outcome monitoring is conducted on selected projects

SCO/SPO staff in close collaboration with selected project management

Work plan and tools (surveys, stakeholders’ meetings, etc.) for the information gathering from partners is established.

SCO/SPO staff in close collaboration with project management

Information gathering from partners (progress reports, surveys, stakeholders meetings etc.) and analysis. The analysis includes aggregating project data and matching of project data with portfolio outcomes and indicators.

SCO/SPO staff, per assigned project

September Analysis of country outcomes (review of reports published in the last six months)

SCO/SPO staff, per domain of intervention

Drafting of the Office Management Report SCO/SPO, Head of Office Updating of the MERV SCO/SPO, Head of Office Drafting of Annual Report SCO/SPO October

These monitoring processes will be done separately for Mano River Union countries and Sahel countries re-spectively. The monitoring matrixes for each country both at country and Swiss portfolio levels are a working, monitoring and reporting tool for the SPO in Monrovia and the SCO in Bamako. They are available on demand.

37

Annual work plan/time table of the yearly monitoring process

Activities Responsibilities When

Mid-term information gathering from partners (previous year’s annual report, evaluations, etc.) SCO/SPO staff, per assigned project April – June

Mid-term analysis of country outcomes (review of reports published in the previous six months)

SCO/SPO staff, per domain of intervention

July - August Piloting of the Monitoring System: information gathering, analy-sis and outcome monitoring is conducted on selected projects

SCO/SPO staff in close collaboration with selected project management

Work plan and tools (surveys, stakeholders’ meetings, etc.) for the information gathering from partners is established.

SCO/SPO staff in close collaboration with project management

Information gathering from partners (progress reports, surveys, stakeholders meetings etc.) and analysis. The analysis includes aggregating project data and matching of project data with portfolio outcomes and indicators.

SCO/SPO staff, per assigned project

September Analysis of country outcomes (review of reports published in the last six months)

SCO/SPO staff, per domain of intervention

Drafting of the Office Management Report SCO/SPO, Head of Office Updating of the MERV SCO/SPO, Head of Office Drafting of Annual Report SCO/SPO October

These monitoring processes will be done separately for Mano River Union countries and Sahel countries re-spectively. The monitoring matrixes for each country both at country and Swiss portfolio levels are a working, monitoring and reporting tool for the SPO in Monrovia and the SCO in Bamako. They are available on demand.

8.4

Like

ly S

cena

rios

in 2

013-

16 fo

r the

dev

elop

men

t of t

he h

uman

itaria

n re

leva

nt e

nviro

nmen

t in

the

SAH

EL Z

ON

E co

untr

ies

Not

e: L

’éla

bora

tion

des

scen

ario

s po

ur le

Sah

el e

t l’a

naly

se o

nt é

té fo

rtem

ent i

nflu

encé

es p

ar la

situ

atio

n m

alie

nne

de la

quel

le o

n ne

peu

t pas

forc

émen

t ext

rapo

ler d

es c

oncl

usio

ns p

our l

e S

ahel

.

Mei

lleur

scé

nario

Sc

énar

io le

plu

s pr

obab

le

Pire

scé

nario

Politique

• A

rrêt

des

host

ilités

au

nord

Mal

i et

rét

ablis

sem

ent

de

l’aut

orité

effe

ctiv

e de

l’E

tat s

ur to

ut le

terri

toire

•

Les

grou

pes

djih

adis

tes

sont

neu

tralis

és p

ar le

s fo

rces

in

tern

atio

nale

s da

ns d

es z

ones

rur

ales

au

nord

Mal

i et

dans

les

zone

s fro

ntal

ière

s •

Dép

loie

men

t com

plet

et e

ffect

if de

la M

INU

SM

A e

t co

n-tri

butio

n si

gnifi

cativ

e à

une

stab

ilisat

ion

• Im

pact

vis

ible

de

la f

orm

atio

n de

l’ar

mée

mal

ienn

e pa

r l’E

UTM

, co

ntrô

le c

ivil

de l

’arm

ée m

alie

nne

qui

devi

ent

plus

ef

ficac

e et

pl

us

resp

ectu

euse

de

s dr

oits

de

l’h

omm

e et

du

droi

t hum

anita

ire in

tern

atio

nal

• Le

Gou

vern

emen

t re

trouv

e lé

gitim

ité e

t ef

ficac

ité s

uite

au

x él

ectio

ns p

rési

dent

ielle

s et

légi

slat

ives

con

duite

s en

20

13 s

ur to

ut le

terri

toire

du

Mal

i, se

dér

oula

nt s

ans

vio-

lenc

es m

ais

avec

une

faib

le p

artic

ipat

ion

• Le

Gou

vern

emen

t m

alie

n et

les

mou

vem

ents

arm

és

trouv

ent

un c

ompr

omis

sur

le p

roce

ssus

de

réco

ncili

a-tio

n et

le s

tatu

t des

régi

ons

du n

ord

•

Sat

isfa

ctio

n de

s re

vend

icat

ions

so

ciop

oliti

ques

de

s To

uare

gs e

t des

aut

res

min

orité

s •

Acc

epta

tion

et c

ontri

butio

ns p

ositi

ves

du r

ôle

de la

CE

-D

EA

O c

omm

e m

édia

teur

en

Afriq

ue d

e l’O

uest

•

Amor

ce d

’un

vérit

able

pro

cess

us d

e dé

cent

ralis

atio

n au

ni

veau

nat

iona

l •

Eta

t de

droi

t ren

forc

é av

ec u

ne d

imin

utio

n de

la c

orru

p-tio

n •

Enq

uête

s su

r le

s ex

actio

ns c

omm

ises

par

tou

tes

les

parti

es

• Le

Nig

er r

etire

ses

tro

upes

du

Mal

i (M

INU

SM

A)

et le

s ut

ilise

pour

sa

prop

re s

écur

ité

• La

situ

atio

n au

nor

d du

Nig

éria

s’a

pais

e

• C

onfli

t lim

ité a

u M

ali

• Le

s vi

lles

au n

ord

du M

ali d

emeu

rent

sou

s l’a

utor

ité d

u go

uver

ne-

men

t, m

ais

des

poch

es d

’insé

curit

é su

bsis

tent

•

Les

grou

pes

djih

adis

tes

cont

inue

nt à

être

traq

ués

par

les

forc

es in

-te

rnat

iona

les

dans

des

zon

es ru

rale

s au

nor

d M

ali

• D

éplo

iem

ent p

rogr

essi

f de

la M

INU

SM

A a

vec

un tr

iple

man

dat (

mili-

taire

, pol

itiqu

e et

hum

anita

ire)

• Fo

rmat

ion

de l’

arm

ée m

alie

nne

par

l’Eur

opea

n U

nion

Tra

inin

g M

is-

sion

(EU

TM) l

ente

et a

vec

peu

d’im

pact

•

Dis

cuss

ions

diff

icile

s en

tre le

Gou

vern

emen

t m

alie

n et

les

mou

ve-

men

ts a

rmés

sur

le p

roce

ssus

de

réco

ncili

atio

n et

le s

tatu

t de

s ré

-gi

ons

du n

ord

• R

emis

e en

que

stio

n du

rôl

e de

la C

ED

EA

O d

ans

la m

édia

tion

du

conf

lit m

alie

n, p

artic

uliè

rem

ent a

u M

ali,

avec

une

repr

ise

par u

n tie

rs

(p.e

x. M

INU

SM

A, v

oire

l’U

nion

afri

cain

e)

• P

ouvo

ir ce

ntra

l m

alie

n fra

gilis

é m

algr

é la

con

duite

d’é

lect

ions

en

2013

, éle

ctio

ns q

ui o

nt li

eu d

ans

des

cond

ition

s di

ffici

les

(faib

le p

ar-

ticip

atio

n, n

on i

nclu

sion

des

dép

lacé

s , p

erte

de

certa

ins

fichi

ers

élec

tora

ux, e

tc.)

- pro

blèm

e de

légi

timité

•

Amor

ce d

’un

proc

essu

s de

déc

entra

lisat

ion

au n

ivea

u na

tiona

l san

s vé

ritab

les

effe

ts s

ur le

terra

in

• P

ersi

stan

ce d

e l’im

puni

té e

t de

la c

orru

ptio

n •

Con

duite

d’é

lect

ions

au

Bur

kina

Fas

o en

201

3 •

Le c

oût

de l’

inte

rven

tion

du N

iger

au

Mal

i cré

e de

s pr

oblè

mes

in-

tern

es

• R

epris

e d’

un c

onfli

t plu

s in

tens

e au

nor

d M

ali –

les

ville

s au

nor

d so

nt à

nou

veau

men

acée

s pa

r le

s gr

oupe

s ar

més

et f

in d

u ce

s-se

z-le

-feu

•

Au

nord

Mal

i, la

situ

atio

n dé

génè

re e

n co

nflit

eth

niqu

e •

Le c

onfli

t au

nor

d M

ali s

’éte

nd a

ux p

ays

vois

ins

(Nig

er,

Bur

kina

Fa

so, é

vent

uelle

men

t. A

lgér

ie e

t Mau

ritan

ie)

• D

éplo

iem

ent d

e la

MIN

US

MA

inco

mpl

et e

t ine

ffica

ce ;

arm

ée m

a-lie

nne

dépa

ssée

•

Pro

cess

us d

e né

goci

atio

n en

tre le

Gou

vern

emen

t m

alie

n et

les

mou

vem

ents

arm

és d

u no

rd a

u po

int m

ort –

les

risqu

es d

e co

llu-

sion

ent

re m

ouve

men

ts a

rmés

et g

roup

es d

jihad

iste

s pe

rsis

tent

•

Le r

ôle

de la

MIN

US

MA

et d

e la

CE

DE

AO

dan

s la

méd

iatio

n du

co

nflit

mal

ien

est r

ejet

é, s

ans

repr

ise

par d

’aut

res

Eta

ts o

u en

tités

•

Le G

ouve

rnem

ent m

alie

n pe

rd to

ute

légi

timité

et e

ffica

cité

mal

gré

les

élec

tions

pré

side

ntie

lles

et lé

gisl

ativ

es te

nues

en

2013

•

Nou

veau

cou

p d’

Eta

t m

ilitai

re à

Bam

ako

et m

ise

en p

lace

d’u

n ré

gim

e au

tocr

atiq

ue

• D

écen

tralis

atio

n au

poi

nt m

ort

• L’

impu

nité

s’a

ccro

ît (a

rmée

gou

vern

emen

tale

/ gr

oupe

s ar

més

) •

Les

tent

ativ

es d

u pr

ésid

ent b

urki

nabé

pou

r co

nser

ver

le p

ouvo

ir pr

ovoq

ue u

ne ré

actio

n vi

olen

te d

e la

soc

iété

civ

ile

• M

algr

é le

gou

vern

emen

t d’u

nion

nat

iona

le, l

es p

opul

atio

ns d

u N

i-ge

r ne

fon

t pl

us c

onfia

nce

en le

urs

inst

itutio

ns e

t le

dém

ontre

nt

viol

emm

ent

38

Economique

• C

rois

sanc

e éc

onom

ique

, gr

âce

à l’a

mél

iora

tion

de l

a sé

curit

é, u

n m

eille

ur c

limat

d’in

vest

isse

men

ts e

t la

re-

pris

e m

assi

ve d

e l’a

ide

inte

rnat

iona

le

• La

ren

égoc

iatio

n de

s co

ntra

ts m

inie

rs a

ppor

tent

une

am

élio

ratio

n su

bsta

ntie

lle

aux

capa

cité

s d'

inve

stis

se-

men

t des

pay

s •

Réi

nsta

llatio

n ra

pide

des

aut

orité

s dé

cent

ralis

és q

ui fa

ci-

liten

t la

repr

ise

écon

omiq

ue

• R

epris

e to

tale

de

la p

rodu

ctio

n ag

ricol

e au

Cen

tre e

t au

Nor

d M

ali

• R

epris

e du

com

mer

ce e

ntre

le S

ud e

t le

Nor

d du

Mal

i •

Ret

our

des

mig

rant

s éc

onom

ique

s qu

i co

ntrib

uent

au

déve

lopp

emen

t •

Sta

bilit

é du

Fra

nc C

FA

• E

ncou

rage

men

t de

s ba

illeu

rs d

e fo

nds

grâc

e au

x pr

o-gr

ès p

oliti

ques

et à

la lu

tte c

ontre

la c

orru

ptio

n •

Les

barri

ères

à l

a lib

re c

ircul

atio

n de

s m

arch

andi

ses

sont

levé

es c

e qu

i per

met

un

fort

déve

lopp

emen

t éc

o-no

miq

ue

• Am

élio

ratio

n de

la s

ituat

ion

écon

omiq

ue, g

râce

à u

ne m

eille

ure

né-

goci

atio

n de

s co

ntra

ts m

inie

rs e

t l’a

ugm

enta

tion

des

reve

nus

ains

i qu

’à la

repr

ise

de l’

aide

inte

rnat

iona

le a

u M

ali

• C

limat

déf

avor

able

aux

inve

stis

sem

ents

au

Mal

i •

Diff

icul

tés

de re

pris

e éc

onom

ique

liée

s à

la ré

inst

alla

tion

tard

ive

des

auto

rités

déc

entra

lisée

s au

nor

d du

Mal

i •

Rep

rise

de la

pro

duct

ion

agric

ole

au c

entre

du

Mal

i et

repr

ise

par-

tielle

au

nord

Mal

i •

Rep

rise

parti

elle

du

com

mer

ce e

ntre

le n

ord

du e

t le

sud

du M

ali

• R

etou

r de

cer

tain

s m

igra

nts

écon

omiq

ues

qui c

ontri

buen

t au

dév

e-lo

ppem

ent m

ais

dim

inue

nt le

s ve

rsem

ents

de

la d

iasp

ora

• P

as d

e dé

valu

atio

n im

porta

nte

du F

ranc

CFA

•

Fatig

ue d

es b

aille

urs

de fo

nds

• E

ffond

rem

ent d

e l’é

cono

mie

•

Rou

tes

d’ap

prov

isio

nnem

ent

coup

ées

par

des

atta

ques

de

gr

oupe

s ar

més

et c

omm

erce

inte

rrom

pu

• P

as d

e re

pris

e ag

ricol

e au

cen

tre /

nord

Mal

i •

Dév

alua

tion

impo

rtant

e du

Fra

nc C

FA

• D

estru

ctio

n et

pilla

ge d

es in

frast

ruct

ures

pub

lique

s •

Pas

ou

peu

d’ai

de in

tern

atio

nale

hor

mis

l’ai

de m

ilitai

re

• La

cor

rupt

ion

dévi

e un

e la

rge

parti

e de

l’ai

de in

tern

atio

nale

Social / Humanitaire

• A

ccès

hum

anita

ire g

aran

ti •

Réd

uctio

n de

s in

égal

ités

par

une

géné

ralis

atio

n et

un

mei

lleur

acc

ès a

ux s

ervi

ces

soci

aux

de b

ase

• Te

nsio

ns in

terc

omm

unau

taire

s ap

aisé

es g

râce

à u

n di

a-lo

gue

de ré

conc

iliat

ion

natio

nale

effi

cace

•

Réd

uctio

n de

l’ex

trém

ism

e re

ligie

ux

• R

etou

r et r

éint

égra

tion

des

PD

Is e

t réf

ugié

s •

Amél

iora

tion

de la

sé

curit

é al

imen

taire

et n

utrit

ionn

elle

, vo

ire a

utos

uffis

ance

alim

enta

ire

• Am

élio

ratio

n de

l’ac

cès

hum

anita

ire q

ui re

ste

tout

efoi

s lim

ité

• A

ccès

aux

ser

vice

s so

ciau

x lim

ité, p

aupé

risat

ion

de la

pop

ulat

ion

• Te

nsio

ns in

terc

omm

unau

taire

s au

nor

d M

ali,

repr

ésai

lles

cont

re la

po

pula

tion

toua

reg

et

arab

e en

gé

néra

l -–

rapp

orts

d’

exac

tions

co

ntre

les

civi

ls d

e la

par

t des

par

ties

au c

onfli

t (vi

olen

ces

sexu

elle

s,

recr

utem

ent d

’enf

ants

, etc

.) •

Tens

ions

ent

re d

épla

cés

et fa

mill

es h

ôtes

•

Rad

ical

isat

ion

relig

ieus

e

• R

etou

r de

s P

DIs

/réfu

giés

au

nord

du

Mal

i, et

ce

mal

gré

des

cond

i-tio

ns d

e vi

e et

de

sécu

rité

préc

aire

s (e

ffect

ifs e

stim

és à

env

iron

420,

000

en d

écem

bre

2013

) •

Per

sist

ance

d’u

ne i

nséc

urité

alim

enta

ire e

t nu

tritio

nnel

le p

réoc

cu-

pant

e

• A

ccès

hum

anita

ire à

nou

veau

ext

rêm

emen

t lim

ité

• D

imin

utio

n de

s se

rvic

es s

ocia

ux d

e ba

se

• Fo

rte a

ugm

enta

tion

des

exac

tions

con

tre le

s ci

vils

de

la p

art d

es

parti

es p

rena

ntes

au

conf

lit

• R

epré

saill

es e

t ven

gean

ces

inte

rcom

mun

auta

ires

se p

ropa

gean

t à

l’ens

embl

e du

pay

s

• Je

unes

se d

ésab

usée

, rad

ical

isée

et v

iole

nte

• P

ropa

gatio

n de

l’ex

trém

ism

e re

ligie

ux

• A

ugm

enta

tion

impo

rtant

e du

nom

bre

de P

DIs

(env

iron

700'

000)

•

Nou

velle

cris

e al

imen

taire

et n

utrit

ionn

elle

aig

üe

Sécurité

• Fi

n du

con

flit a

u no

rd d

u M

ali

• C

ontrô

le d

e l’E

tat m

alie

n ef

fect

if su

r la

maj

orité

du

terri

-to

ire

• M

enac

es te

rroris

tes

atté

nuée

s •

Réd

uctio

ns d

es d

iffér

ents

traf

ics

• R

éduc

tion

de la

crim

inal

ité

• C

onfli

t da

ns d

es z

ones

élo

igné

es a

vec

un im

pact

rel

ativ

emen

t mo-

déré

sur

la p

opul

atio

n ci

vile

•

Rep

rise

des

gran

des

ville

s du

nor

d pa

r l’a

rmée

mal

ienn

e, m

ais

re-

trait

des

grou

pes

djih

adis

tes

dans

le

dése

rt, l

es p

ays

front

alie

rs

et/o

u se

cac

hant

par

mi l

a po

pula

tion

civi

le

• P

rolo

ngat

ion

de l

’insé

curit

é au

nor

d M

ali,

en p

artic

ulie

r da

ns l

es

zone

s fro

ntal

ière

s ; a

ugm

enta

tion

de la

crim

inal

ité

• A

ugm

enta

tion

des

risqu

es d

’atte

ntat

s et

d’e

nlèv

emen

ts a

u M

ali

et

dans

les

zone

s fro

ntal

ière

s (N

iger

et B

urki

na F

aso)

•

Con

tinua

tion

des

trafic

s de

dro

gues

, d’a

rmes

et d

’être

s hu

mai

ns

• Le

Nig

er p

eine

à c

ontrô

ler s

es fr

ontiè

res

dans

le n

ord

• C

onfli

t dan

s un

e zo

ne p

lus

vast

e av

ec u

n gr

and

impa

ct s

ur la

po-

pula

tion

civi

le

• M

aint

ien

d’un

e fo

rte p

rése

nce

isla

mis

te a

u no

rd M

ali e

t util

isat

ion

des

pays

voi

sins

com

me

base

s ar

rière

•

Agg

rava

tion

géné

rale

de

l’ins

écur

ité d

ans

tout

e la

rég

ion

du S

a-he

l •

Pro

lifér

atio

n de

diff

éren

ts g

roup

es a

rmés

agi

ssan

t co

mm

e in

ter-

méd

iaire

s d’

AQ

MI

(« s

ous-

traita

nce

»),

avec

aug

men

tatio

n du

no

mbr

e d’

enlè

vem

ents

d’o

ccid

enta

ux, d

e pe

rson

nel h

uman

itaire

, et

c.

• P

ropa

gatio

n de

la v

iole

nce

terro

riste

et

des

atte

ntat

s no

n se

ule-

men

t au

Mal

i (y

incl

us B

amak

o), m

ais

égal

emen

t da

ns le

s pa

ys

qui o

nt d

es tr

oupe

s au

Mal

i •

Aug

men

tatio

n si

gnifi

cativ

e du

tra

fic

de

drog

ues,

d’

arm

es

et

d’êt

res

hum

ains

, ain

si q

ue d

e la

crim

inal

ité e

n gé

néra

l •

Le c

onfli

t au

nord

du

Nig

éria

a u

ne in

fluen

ce tr

ès n

égat

ive

sur l

e N

iger

•

La L

ibye

dev

ient

une

bas

e de

repl

i pou

r des

gro

upes

crim

inel

s ou

ra

dica

ux

Environnement

• S

ystè

mes

gou

vern

emen

taux

de

prév

entio

n et

ges

tion

de

cris

es fo

nctio

nnel

s •

Mei

lleur

e ge

stio

n de

s re

ssou

rces

nat

urel

les

• P

ress

ions

sup

plém

enta

ires

sur

les

ress

ourc

es n

atur

elle

s du

es a

ux

dépl

acem

ents

de

popu

latio

ns (s

ouve

nt a

vec

leur

s tro

upea

ux)

• P

ours

uite

de

la d

éser

tific

atio

n lié

e au

cha

ngem

ent

clim

atiq

ue e

t au

gmen

tatio

n du

ris

que

de c

onfli

t ent

re le

s po

pula

tions

séd

enta

ires

et n

omad

es

• P

ress

ions

très

impo

rtant

es s

ur le

s re

ssou

rces

nat

urel

les

dus

aux

dépl

acem

ents

de

popu

latio

ns (s

ouve

nt a

vec

leur

s tro

upea

ux)

• P

ropa

gatio

n d’

épid

émie

s (c

holé

ra, e

tc.)

• A

jout

de

cata

stro

phes

nat

urel

les

à la

cris

e po

litic

o-m

ilita

ire (

sé-

cher

esse

s, in

onda

tions

, men

ace

acrid

ienn

e, e

tc.)

39

Economique

• C

rois

sanc

e éc

onom

ique

, gr

âce

à l’a

mél

iora

tion

de l

a sé

curit

é, u

n m

eille

ur c

limat

d’in

vest

isse

men

ts e

t la

re-

pris

e m

assi

ve d

e l’a

ide

inte

rnat

iona

le

• La

ren

égoc

iatio

n de

s co

ntra

ts m

inie

rs a

ppor

tent

une

am

élio

ratio

n su

bsta

ntie

lle

aux

capa

cité

s d'

inve

stis

se-

men

t des

pay

s •

Réi

nsta

llatio

n ra

pide

des

aut

orité

s dé

cent

ralis

és q

ui fa

ci-

liten

t la

repr

ise

écon

omiq

ue

• R

epris

e to

tale

de

la p

rodu

ctio

n ag

ricol

e au

Cen

tre e

t au

Nor

d M

ali

• R

epris

e du

com

mer

ce e

ntre

le S

ud e

t le

Nor

d du

Mal

i •

Ret

our

des

mig

rant

s éc

onom

ique

s qu

i co

ntrib

uent

au

déve

lopp

emen

t •

Sta

bilit

é du

Fra

nc C

FA

• E

ncou

rage

men

t de

s ba

illeu

rs d

e fo

nds

grâc

e au

x pr

o-gr

ès p

oliti

ques

et à

la lu

tte c

ontre

la c

orru

ptio

n •

Les

barri

ères

à l

a lib

re c

ircul

atio

n de

s m

arch

andi

ses

sont

levé

es c

e qu

i per

met

un

fort

déve

lopp

emen

t éc

o-no

miq

ue

• Am

élio

ratio

n de

la s

ituat

ion

écon

omiq

ue, g

râce

à u

ne m

eille

ure

né-

goci

atio

n de

s co

ntra

ts m

inie

rs e

t l’a

ugm

enta

tion

des

reve

nus

ains

i qu

’à la

repr

ise

de l’

aide

inte

rnat

iona

le a

u M

ali

• C

limat

déf

avor

able

aux

inve

stis

sem

ents

au

Mal

i •

Diff

icul

tés

de re

pris

e éc

onom

ique

liée

s à

la ré

inst

alla

tion

tard

ive

des

auto

rités

déc

entra

lisée

s au

nor

d du

Mal

i •

Rep

rise

de la

pro

duct

ion

agric

ole

au c

entre

du

Mal

i et

repr

ise

par-

tielle

au

nord

Mal

i •

Rep

rise

parti

elle

du

com

mer

ce e

ntre

le n

ord

du e

t le

sud

du M

ali

• R

etou

r de

cer

tain

s m

igra

nts

écon

omiq

ues

qui c

ontri

buen

t au

dév

e-lo

ppem

ent m

ais

dim

inue

nt le

s ve

rsem

ents

de

la d

iasp

ora

• P

as d

e dé

valu

atio

n im

porta

nte

du F

ranc

CFA

•

Fatig

ue d

es b

aille

urs

de fo

nds

• E

ffond

rem

ent d

e l’é

cono

mie

•

Rou

tes

d’ap

prov

isio

nnem

ent

coup

ées

par

des

atta

ques

de

gr

oupe

s ar

més

et c

omm

erce

inte

rrom

pu

• P

as d

e re

pris

e ag

ricol

e au

cen

tre /

nord

Mal

i •

Dév

alua

tion

impo

rtant

e du

Fra

nc C

FA

• D

estru

ctio

n et

pilla

ge d

es in

frast

ruct

ures

pub

lique

s •

Pas

ou

peu

d’ai

de in

tern

atio

nale

hor

mis

l’ai

de m

ilitai

re

• La

cor

rupt

ion

dévi

e un

e la

rge

parti

e de

l’ai

de in

tern

atio

nale

Social / Humanitaire

• A

ccès

hum

anita

ire g

aran

ti •

Réd

uctio

n de

s in

égal

ités

par

une

géné

ralis

atio

n et

un

mei

lleur

acc

ès a

ux s

ervi

ces

soci

aux

de b

ase

• Te

nsio

ns in

terc

omm

unau

taire

s ap

aisé

es g

râce

à u

n di

a-lo

gue

de ré

conc

iliat

ion

natio

nale

effi

cace

•

Réd

uctio

n de

l’ex

trém

ism

e re

ligie

ux

• R

etou

r et r

éint

égra

tion

des

PD

Is e

t réf

ugié

s •

Amél

iora

tion

de la

sé

curit

é al

imen

taire

et n

utrit

ionn

elle

, vo

ire a

utos

uffis

ance

alim

enta

ire

• Am

élio

ratio

n de

l’ac

cès

hum

anita

ire q

ui re

ste

tout

efoi

s lim

ité

• A

ccès

aux

ser

vice

s so

ciau

x lim

ité, p

aupé

risat

ion

de la

pop

ulat

ion

• Te

nsio

ns in

terc

omm

unau

taire

s au

nor

d M

ali,

repr

ésai

lles

cont

re la

po

pula

tion

toua

reg

et

arab

e en

gé

néra

l -–

rapp

orts

d’

exac

tions

co

ntre

les

civi

ls d

e la

par

t des

par

ties

au c

onfli

t (vi

olen

ces

sexu

elle

s,

recr

utem

ent d

’enf

ants

, etc

.) •

Tens

ions

ent

re d

épla

cés

et fa

mill

es h

ôtes

•

Rad

ical

isat

ion

relig

ieus

e

• R

etou

r de

s P

DIs

/réfu

giés

au

nord

du

Mal

i, et

ce

mal

gré

des

cond

i-tio

ns d

e vi

e et

de

sécu

rité

préc

aire

s (e

ffect

ifs e

stim

és à

env

iron

420,

000

en d

écem

bre

2013

) •

Per

sist

ance

d’u

ne i

nséc

urité

alim

enta

ire e

t nu

tritio

nnel

le p

réoc

cu-

pant

e

• A

ccès

hum

anita

ire à

nou

veau

ext

rêm

emen

t lim

ité

• D

imin

utio

n de

s se

rvic

es s

ocia

ux d

e ba

se

• Fo

rte a

ugm

enta

tion

des

exac

tions

con

tre le

s ci

vils

de

la p

art d

es

parti

es p

rena

ntes

au

conf

lit

• R

epré

saill

es e

t ven

gean

ces

inte

rcom

mun

auta

ires

se p

ropa

gean

t à

l’ens

embl

e du

pay

s

• Je

unes

se d

ésab

usée

, rad

ical

isée

et v

iole

nte

• P

ropa

gatio

n de

l’ex

trém

ism

e re

ligie

ux

• A

ugm

enta

tion

impo

rtant

e du

nom

bre

de P

DIs

(env

iron

700'

000)

•

Nou

velle

cris

e al

imen

taire

et n

utrit

ionn

elle

aig

üe

Sécurité

• Fi

n du

con

flit a

u no

rd d

u M

ali

• C

ontrô

le d

e l’E

tat m

alie

n ef

fect

if su

r la

maj

orité

du

terri

-to

ire

• M

enac

es te

rroris

tes

atté

nuée

s •

Réd

uctio

ns d

es d

iffér

ents

traf

ics

• R

éduc

tion

de la

crim

inal

ité

• C

onfli

t da

ns d

es z

ones

élo

igné

es a

vec

un im

pact

rel

ativ

emen

t mo-

déré

sur

la p

opul

atio

n ci

vile

•

Rep

rise

des

gran

des

ville

s du

nor

d pa

r l’a

rmée

mal

ienn

e, m

ais

re-

trait

des

grou

pes

djih

adis

tes

dans

le

dése

rt, l

es p

ays

front

alie

rs

et/o

u se

cac

hant

par

mi l

a po

pula

tion

civi

le

• P

rolo

ngat

ion

de l

’insé

curit

é au

nor

d M

ali,

en p

artic

ulie

r da

ns l

es

zone

s fro

ntal

ière

s ; a

ugm

enta

tion

de la

crim

inal

ité

• A

ugm

enta

tion

des

risqu

es d

’atte

ntat

s et

d’e

nlèv

emen

ts a

u M

ali

et

dans

les

zone

s fro

ntal

ière

s (N

iger

et B

urki

na F

aso)

•

Con

tinua

tion

des

trafic

s de

dro

gues

, d’a

rmes

et d

’être

s hu

mai

ns

• Le

Nig

er p

eine

à c

ontrô

ler s

es fr

ontiè

res

dans

le n

ord

• C

onfli

t dan

s un

e zo

ne p

lus

vast

e av

ec u

n gr

and

impa

ct s

ur la

po-

pula

tion

civi

le

• M

aint

ien

d’un

e fo

rte p

rése

nce

isla

mis

te a

u no

rd M

ali e

t util

isat

ion

des

pays

voi

sins

com

me

base

s ar

rière

•

Agg

rava

tion

géné

rale

de

l’ins

écur

ité d

ans

tout

e la

rég

ion

du S

a-he

l •

Pro

lifér

atio

n de

diff

éren

ts g

roup

es a

rmés

agi

ssan

t co

mm

e in

ter-

méd

iaire

s d’

AQ

MI

(« s

ous-

traita

nce

»),

avec

aug

men

tatio

n du

no

mbr

e d’

enlè

vem

ents

d’o

ccid

enta

ux, d

e pe

rson

nel h

uman

itaire

, et

c.

• P

ropa

gatio

n de

la v

iole

nce

terro

riste

et

des

atte

ntat

s no

n se

ule-

men

t au

Mal

i (y

incl

us B

amak

o), m

ais

égal

emen

t da

ns le

s pa

ys

qui o

nt d

es tr

oupe

s au

Mal

i •

Aug

men

tatio

n si

gnifi

cativ

e du

tra

fic

de

drog

ues,

d’

arm

es

et

d’êt

res

hum

ains

, ain

si q

ue d

e la

crim

inal

ité e

n gé

néra

l •

Le c

onfli

t au

nord

du

Nig

éria

a u

ne in

fluen

ce tr

ès n

égat

ive

sur l

e N

iger

•

La L

ibye

dev

ient

une

bas

e de

repl

i pou

r des

gro

upes

crim

inel

s ou

ra

dica

ux

Environnement

• S

ystè

mes

gou

vern

emen

taux

de

prév

entio

n et

ges

tion

de

cris

es fo

nctio

nnel

s •

Mei

lleur

e ge

stio

n de

s re

ssou

rces

nat

urel

les

• P

ress

ions

sup

plém

enta

ires

sur

les

ress

ourc

es n

atur

elle

s du

es a

ux

dépl

acem

ents

de

popu

latio

ns (s

ouve

nt a

vec

leur

s tro

upea

ux)

• P

ours

uite

de

la d

éser

tific

atio

n lié

e au

cha

ngem

ent

clim

atiq

ue e

t au

gmen

tatio

n du

ris

que

de c

onfli

t ent

re le

s po

pula

tions

séd

enta

ires

et n

omad

es

• P

ress

ions

très

impo

rtant

es s

ur le

s re

ssou

rces

nat

urel

les

dus

aux

dépl

acem

ents

de

popu

latio

ns (s

ouve

nt a

vec

leur

s tro

upea

ux)

• P

ropa

gatio

n d’

épid

émie

s (c

holé

ra, e

tc.)

• A

jout

de

cata

stro

phes

nat

urel

les

à la

cris

e po

litic

o-m

ilita

ire (

sé-

cher

esse

s, in

onda

tions

, men

ace

acrid

ienn

e, e

tc.)

40

8.5

Impl

icat

ions

of t

he s

cena

rios

for s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

and

oper

atio

nal m

odal

ities

for t

he S

AH

EL Z

ON

E co

untr

ies

Bes

t Cas

e Sc

enar

io

Mos

t Lik

ely

Sc

enar

io

Wor

st C

ase

Scen

ario

Implications

Impl

icat

ions

for t

he s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

of th

e C

SWA

201

3-16

: S

trate

gic

orie

ntat

ion

and

dom

ains

of i

nter

vent

ions

: •

Mai

nten

ance

or r

educ

tion

in m

ultil

ater

al s

uppo

rt to

mai

n le

adin

g ag

enci

es

in th

e S

ahel

( IC

RC

, UN

HC

R a

nd W

FP),

focu

s on

em

erge

ncy

food

sec

urity

an

d re

spon

se to

dis

plac

emen

t •

Incr

ease

of b

ilate

ral s

uppo

rt to

gov

ernm

enta

l age

ncie

s in

cha

rge

of D

isas

-te

r Ris

k R

educ

tion

(DR

R),

early

war

ning

and

resp

onse

•

Incr

ease

of b

ilate

ral a

nd m

ultil

ater

al fo

cus

on E

arly

Rec

over

y an

d R

esili

-en

ce (i

ncl.

Insu

ranc

es s

chem

es) l

eadi

ng to

dev

elop

men

t •

Adv

ocac

y to

attr

act d

evel

opm

ent a

ctor

s

Scenario to be operationalised according to the new CSWA 2013-16

Impl

icat

ions

for t

he s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

of th

e C

SWA

201

3-16

: S

trate

gic

orie

ntat

ion

and

dom

ains

of i

nter

vent

ions

: •

Red

uctio

n or

sto

ppin

g of

dire

ct a

ctio

ns a

nd b

ilate

ral a

ctiv

ities

•

Shi

fting

of f

undi

ng to

mul

tilat

eral

sys

tem

s •

Shi

fting

from

ear

ly re

cove

ry to

em

erge

ncy

• In

crea

se o

f fun

ding

in e

mer

genc

y si

tuat

ion

• In

crea

se s

uppo

rt to

pro

tect

ion

in a

dditi

on to

food

sec

urity

•

Incr

ease

of a

dvoc

acy

•

Sec

urity

of S

DC

Sta

ff an

d pa

rtner

s ga

ins

impo

rtanc

e

Ope

ratio

nal i

mpl

icat

ions

: •

Bet

ter a

cces

s gu

aran

teed

to a

ll pr

ojec

t are

as

• M

ovem

ent f

rom

sel

f-im

plem

enta

tion

to p

artn

ers.

•

Dec

reas

e of

exp

atria

te s

taff

and

incr

ease

of n

atio

nal s

taff

as S

DC

per

sona

l. •

Dire

ct p

roje

ct m

onito

ring,

not

gra

nted

so

far,

can

be in

crea

sed

• P

opul

atio

n is

less

vul

nera

ble

and

mor

e re

silie

nt

• P

eopl

e ab

le to

mov

e fro

m d

epen

denc

e to

sel

f-rel

ianc

e •

Pha

sing

out

of h

uman

itaria

n ac

tors

and

thei

r rep

lace

men

t by

deve

lopm

ent

acto

rs.

• M

aint

enan

ce o

f all

four

SC

Os

in B

enin

, Nig

er, M

ali,

and

Cha

d.

Ope

ratio

nal i

mpl

icat

ions

: •

Lim

ited

acce

ss to

pro

ject

are

a du

e to

inse

curit

y

• S

uspe

nsio

n of

sel

f-im

plem

ente

d pr

ojec

ts

• R

educ

tion

of th

e pe

rson

al to

ess

entia

l sta

ff, o

r tem

pora

ry e

vacu

atio

n.

• In

abili

ty o

f im

plem

entin

g pa

rtner

s to

wor

k du

e to

inse

curit

y an

d st

oppi

ng o

f ac-

tiviti

es

• S

topp

ing

of d

irect

mon

itorin

g in

the

field

due

to in

secu

rity.

•

Gap

of s

take

hold

ers,

tota

l iso

latio

n w

ith th

e la

st b

ilate

ral d

onor

s

leav

ing

the

coun

tries

•

Con

flict

sen

sitiv

e m

anag

emen

t gai

ns im

porta

nce

Conclusion

Con

clus

ion:

•

Red

uctio

n of

Sec

ondm

ents

am

ong

mul

tilat

eral

act

ors

• In

crea

sed

supp

ort t

o re

gion

al in

itiat

ives

(reg

iona

l sto

cks,

saf

ety

nets

, cro

ss-

bord

er tr

ade

and

mov

emen

ts p

robl

emat

ic, l

and

tenu

re a

dvoc

acy,

etc

.) th

roug

h S

DC

/RC

Con

clus

ion:

•

Red

ucin

g or

sto

ppin

g bi

late

ral a

ctiv

ities

•

Shi

fting

of f

undi

ng to

mul

tilat

eral

sys

tem

s •

Incr

ease

of f

undi

ng in

em

erge

ncy

situ

atio

n

If th

e be

st-c

ase

scen

ario

take

s pl

ace,

SD

C/H

A w

ould

mos

t pro

babl

y co

ncen

trate

on

resi

lienc

e bu

ildin

g in

its

resp

ectiv

e ar

eas

of in

terv

entio

n.

If th

e w

orst

-cas

e sc

enar

io ta

kes

plac

e, th

en fu

ndin

g w

ill b

e sh

ifted

to

incr

ease

em

erge

ncy

oper

atio

ns

41

8.5

Impl

icat

ions

of t

he s

cena

rios

for s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

and

oper

atio

nal m

odal

ities

for t

he S

AH

EL Z

ON

E co

untr

ies

Bes

t Cas

e Sc

enar

io

Mos

t Lik

ely

Sc

enar

io

Wor

st C

ase

Scen

ario

Implications

Impl

icat

ions

for t

he s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

of th

e C

SWA

201

3-16

: S

trate

gic

orie

ntat

ion

and

dom

ains

of i

nter

vent

ions

: •

Mai

nten

ance

or r

educ

tion

in m

ultil

ater

al s

uppo

rt to

mai

n le

adin

g ag

enci

es

in th

e S

ahel

( IC

RC

, UN

HC

R a

nd W

FP),

focu

s on

em

erge

ncy

food

sec

urity

an

d re

spon

se to

dis

plac

emen

t •

Incr

ease

of b

ilate

ral s

uppo

rt to

gov

ernm

enta

l age

ncie

s in

cha

rge

of D

isas

-te

r Ris

k R

educ

tion

(DR

R),

early

war

ning

and

resp

onse

•

Incr

ease

of b

ilate

ral a

nd m

ultil

ater

al fo

cus

on E

arly

Rec

over

y an

d R

esili

-en

ce (i

ncl.

Insu

ranc

es s

chem

es) l

eadi

ng to

dev

elop

men

t •

Adv

ocac

y to

attr

act d

evel

opm

ent a

ctor

s

Scenario to be operationalised according to the new CSWA 2013-16

Impl

icat

ions

for t

he s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

of th

e C

SWA

201

3-16

: S

trate

gic

orie

ntat

ion

and

dom

ains

of i

nter

vent

ions

: •

Red

uctio

n or

sto

ppin

g of

dire

ct a

ctio

ns a

nd b

ilate

ral a

ctiv

ities

•

Shi

fting

of f

undi

ng to

mul

tilat

eral

sys

tem

s •

Shi

fting

from

ear

ly re

cove

ry to

em

erge

ncy

• In

crea

se o

f fun

ding

in e

mer

genc

y si

tuat

ion

• In

crea

se s

uppo

rt to

pro

tect

ion

in a

dditi

on to

food

sec

urity

•

Incr

ease

of a

dvoc

acy

•

Sec

urity

of S

DC

Sta

ff an

d pa

rtner

s ga

ins

impo

rtanc

e

Ope

ratio

nal i

mpl

icat

ions

: •

Bet

ter a

cces

s gu

aran

teed

to a

ll pr

ojec

t are

as

• M

ovem

ent f

rom

sel

f-im

plem

enta

tion

to p

artn

ers.

•

Dec

reas

e of

exp

atria

te s

taff

and

incr

ease

of n

atio

nal s

taff

as S

DC

per

sona

l. •

Dire

ct p

roje

ct m

onito

ring,

not

gra

nted

so

far,

can

be in

crea

sed

• P

opul

atio

n is

less

vul

nera

ble

and

mor

e re

silie

nt

• P

eopl

e ab

le to

mov

e fro

m d

epen

denc

e to

sel

f-rel

ianc

e •

Pha

sing

out

of h

uman

itaria

n ac

tors

and

thei

r rep

lace

men

t by

deve

lopm

ent

acto

rs.

• M

aint

enan

ce o

f all

four

SC

Os

in B

enin

, Nig

er, M

ali,

and

Cha

d.

Ope

ratio

nal i

mpl

icat

ions

: •

Lim

ited

acce

ss to

pro

ject

are

a du

e to

inse

curit

y

• S

uspe

nsio

n of

sel

f-im

plem

ente

d pr

ojec

ts

• R

educ

tion

of th

e pe

rson

al to

ess

entia

l sta

ff, o

r tem

pora

ry e

vacu

atio

n.

• In

abili

ty o

f im

plem

entin

g pa

rtner

s to

wor

k du

e to

inse

curit

y an

d st

oppi

ng o

f ac-

tiviti

es

• S

topp

ing

of d

irect

mon

itorin

g in

the

field

due

to in

secu

rity.

•

Gap

of s

take

hold

ers,

tota

l iso

latio

n w

ith th

e la

st b

ilate

ral d

onor

s

leav

ing

the

coun

tries

•

Con

flict

sen

sitiv

e m

anag

emen

t gai

ns im

porta

nce

Conclusion

Con

clus

ion:

•

Red

uctio

n of

Sec

ondm

ents

am

ong

mul

tilat

eral

act

ors

• In

crea

sed

supp

ort t

o re

gion

al in

itiat

ives

(reg

iona

l sto

cks,

saf

ety

nets

, cro

ss-

bord

er tr

ade

and

mov

emen

ts p

robl

emat

ic, l

and

tenu

re a

dvoc

acy,

etc

.) th

roug

h S

DC

/RC

Con

clus

ion:

•

Red

ucin

g or

sto

ppin

g bi

late

ral a

ctiv

ities

•

Shi

fting

of f

undi

ng to

mul

tilat

eral

sys

tem

s •

Incr

ease

of f

undi

ng in

em

erge

ncy

situ

atio

n

If th

e be

st-c

ase

scen

ario

take

s pl

ace,

SD

C/H

A w

ould

mos

t pro

babl

y co

ncen

trate

on

resi

lienc

e bu

ildin

g in

its

resp

ectiv

e ar

eas

of in

terv

entio

n.

If th

e w

orst

-cas

e sc

enar

io ta

kes

plac

e, th

en fu

ndin

g w

ill b

e sh

ifted

to

incr

ease

em

erge

ncy

oper

atio

ns

8.6

Like

ly S

cena

rios

2013

-16

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent o

f the

hum

anita

rian

rele

vant

env

ironm

ent i

n th

e M

AN

O R

IVER

UN

ION

cou

ntrie

s

B

est C

ase

Scen

ario

M

ost L

ikel

y Sc

enar

io

Wor

st C

ase

Scen

ario

Political

• Th

e ro

ad to

war

ds d

emoc

racy

is ta

ken

irrev

ocab

ly

• W

ar c

rimes

and

war

crim

inal

s ar

e pu

rsue

d an

d pu

nish

ed.

• R

econ

cilia

tion

effo

rts a

re le

adin

g to

sta

bilit

y an

d pe

ace

• P

oliti

cal i

ssue

s ar

e se

rious

ly c

onsi

dere

d an

d im

plem

ente

d •

Con

stitu

tiona

l ref

orm

in L

iber

ia is

don

e •

Land

rig

hts

prob

lem

s in

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re a

re t

ackl

ed (

Land

Re-

form

) •

Pol

itica

l cor

rupt

ion

and

nepo

tism

are

cle

arly

in d

ecre

ase

• Th

e de

moc

ratic

pro

cess

is o

ngoi

ng b

ut s

how

s so

me

shor

t-co

min

gs

• Im

puni

ty o

f war

crim

es s

till e

xist

s du

e to

pol

itica

l int

eres

ts

• S

ucce

ssio

n of

pol

itica

l per

sona

litie

s is

fore

seen

•

Lack

of r

econ

cilia

tion

effo

rts a

re n

ot th

reat

enin

g •

Cor

rupt

pol

itici

ans

are

pros

ecut

ed

• P

resi

dent

ial E

lect

ions

in 2

015

in C

ote

d’Iv

oire

lead

to v

iole

nce,

and

de

stab

ilize

the

who

le re

gion

•

Ele

cted

gov

ernm

ents

are

des

tabi

lized

•

Pol

itica

l tra

nsiti

on fa

ils (L

iber

ia a

nd G

uine

a)

• P

ursu

ance

of

polit

ical

issu

es t

otal

ly la

ck

prog

ress

and

dem

ocra

tic

setu

p la

ck c

redi

bilit

y •

Impu

nity

of a

cts

com

mitt

ed d

urin

g th

e w

ar (L

iber

ia a

nd C

ote

d’Iv

oire

) •

Rec

onci

liatio

n ef

forts

hav

e fa

iled

(Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re, L

iber

ia, a

nd G

uine

a)

• C

orru

ptio

n an

d ne

potis

m o

f pol

itici

ans

beco

me

extre

me

Economic

• In

frast

ruct

ure

and

skills

de

velo

pmen

t ar

e si

gnifi

cant

ly

im-

prov

ed

• In

vest

ors

gain

con

fiden

ce d

ue t

o ef

fect

ive

fight

ing

of c

orru

p-tio

n •

Inve

stm

ent f

riend

ly c

hang

e an

d ad

aptio

n of

rule

s an

d la

ws

• Tr

ade

regi

onal

izat

ion

is ta

king

pla

ce

• Y

outh

and

gen

eral

une

mpl

oym

ent i

s st

ill ve

ry h

igh

• In

frast

ruct

ure

and

skills

dev

elop

men

t are

goi

ng o

n sl

owly

•

Cor

rupt

ion

is p

ersi

sten

t bu

t G

over

nmen

t m

akes

effo

rts t

o co

mba

t it

• Fo

od p

rices

rem

ain

at th

e re

ach

of m

ost o

f the

pop

ulat

ion

• In

vest

men

t is

slow

ly im

prov

ing,

loca

l pro

duct

ion

is in

crea

s-in

g •

The

glob

al e

cono

mic

situ

atio

n is

not

ham

perin

g lo

cal d

evel

-op

men

t

• H

igh

yout

h un

empl

oym

ent i

s ou

t of c

ontro

l and

end

emic

•

Lack

of i

nfra

stru

ctur

es, s

ervi

ce p

rovi

ders

, and

ski

lled

wor

kers

blo

cks

any

econ

omic

dev

elop

men

t •

Infla

tion

and

inde

bted

ness

reac

hes

extre

me

high

s •

Ric

e- a

nd w

heat

- (co

mm

odity

-) pr

ices

esc

alat

e in

the

regi

on

• C

ross

bor

der c

omm

odity

sm

uggl

ing

unde

rmin

es re

gion

al tr

ade

• W

orld

eco

nom

ic d

esta

biliz

atio

n ne

gativ

ely

impa

ct o

n th

e re

gion

al

econ

omic

situ

atio

n •

Wor

ld c

omm

odity

mar

ket p

rizes

are

dra

stic

ally

falli

ng

• U

nsol

ved

land

(pro

perty

) rig

hts

redu

ce in

vest

men

ts

Social / Humanitarian

• S

igni

fican

t pro

gres

s to

war

ds th

e N

atio

nal D

evel

opm

ent G

oals

(N

DG

) •

Soc

ial c

onfli

ct r

oot c

ause

s ar

e re

cogn

ized

and

ser

ious

ly ta

ck-

led

• R

efug

ees

can

retu

rn to

thei

r cou

ntry

of o

rigin

•

Land

righ

ts is

sues

in W

est C

ote

d’Iv

oire

find

a s

olut

ion

• S

ocia

l ser

vice

s ar

e im

prov

ing

(hea

lth,

educ

atio

n, a

nd p

ro-

tect

ion)

•

Wat

er b

orne

dis

ease

s ep

idem

ics

(cho

lera

) are

con

trolle

d •

Pov

erty

redu

ctio

n sh

ows

prog

ress

•

Gen

der

base

d vi

olen

ce a

nd s

ocia

l dis

parit

y ar

e re

cogn

ized

an

d fo

ught

aga

inst

•

Loca

l foo

d pr

oduc

tion

is in

crea

sing

•

Hum

anita

rian

acce

ss is

gua

rant

eed

• La

nd ri

ght c

onfli

ct in

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re is

not

add

ress

ed

• La

ck o

f acc

ess

to s

ocia

l ser

vice

s (h

ealth

, edu

catio

n, e

tc.)

• W

ater

bor

ne d

isea

ses

epid

emic

(ch

oler

a) s

prea

d ov

er o

ther

cou

n-tri

es

• E

thni

c te

nsio

ns b

etw

een

grou

ps in

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re a

nd L

iber

ia

• G

ende

r bas

ed v

iole

nce

beco

mes

ram

pant

•

Soc

ial d

ispa

rity

(rich

/poo

r) in

crea

ses

subs

tant

ially

•

Land

gra

bbin

g ca

uses

ser

ious

har

m to

farm

ers

in L

iber

ia a

nd in

Si-

erra

Leo

ne

• Fo

od s

ecur

ity c

risis

•

Land

righ

ts c

onfli

cts

in C

ote

d’Iv

oire

are

incr

easi

ng a

nd n

ot re

solv

ed

• M

assi

ve in

flux

of re

fuge

es

• H

uman

itaria

n ac

cess

impo

ssib

le d

ue to

inse

curit

y

42

Environ-ment

• Th

e re

gion

esc

apes

maj

or n

atur

al d

isas

ters

•

Logg

ing

and

min

ing

are

high

ly re

gula

ted

and

cont

rolle

d •

Cul

tivat

ion

met

hods

hav

e sw

itche

d to

env

ironm

enta

l fri

endl

y m

etho

ds

• W

aste

man

agem

ent i

s se

rious

ly ta

lked

• S

easo

nal f

lood

s oc

curs

•

Farm

ers

show

mor

e an

d m

ore

inte

rest

to

envi

ronm

enta

l fri

endl

y cu

ltiva

tion

met

hods

•

Gov

ernm

ents

mak

e se

rious

effo

rts t

o re

gula

te lo

ggin

g an

d ba

ns il

lega

l min

ing

• W

aste

man

agem

ent i

s pr

oble

mat

ic

• M

ajor

floo

ds d

ue to

erra

tic ra

in p

atte

rns

• U

ncon

trolle

d lo

ggin

g an

d m

inin

g

• O

il sp

ill ca

tast

roph

e •

Shi

fting

cul

tivat

ions

incr

ease

•

Was

te m

anag

emen

t not

at a

ll un

der c

ontro

l

Security

• R

oot c

ause

s of

bor

der c

onfli

cts

have

bee

n el

imin

ated

•

Rec

onci

liatio

n an

d la

nd r

ight

iss

ues

in W

est

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re

are

serio

usly

und

erta

ken

• G

over

nmen

ts im

pose

s se

curit

y in

the

bord

er re

gion

s •

UN

MIL

beg

ins

to d

raw

dow

n U

NP

OL

due

to im

prov

emen

ts

in th

e se

curit

y se

ctor

•

Pea

ce is

rein

ing

in th

e re

gion

• B

orde

r are

as a

re s

ecur

ed a

nd G

over

nmen

ts a

re in

con

trol

of th

ose

area

s •

Land

righ

ts is

sues

are

igno

red

in W

est C

ote

d’Iv

oire

•

Wea

pons

are

ava

ilabl

e an

d no

t un

der

cont

rol

of t

he r

e-sp

ectiv

e au

thor

ities

•

Occ

asio

nal a

ttack

s ar

e on

-goi

ng in

Wes

t Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re

• Th

e dr

aw-d

own

of U

NM

IL&

ON

UC

I is

on tr

ack

• Th

e pe

rform

ance

of

the

secu

rity

sect

or i

n Li

beria

is

im-

prov

ing

• W

est o

f Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re is

sta

biliz

ed to

the

pre-

conf

lict s

itua-

tion

(200

9)

• H

uman

rig

ht i

ssue

s ar

e kn

own

and

effo

rts a

re m

ade

to

cont

rol

• R

elat

ive

peac

e is

reig

ning

in th

e re

gion

• C

ross

bor

der c

onfli

ct: L

iber

ia v

ersu

s C

ote

d’Iv

oire

& L

iber

ia v

ersu

s G

uine

a •

Ren

ewed

out

brea

k of

con

flict

in W

est C

ote

d’Iv

oire

•

War

lord

s an

d m

erce

narie

s ta

ke c

ontro

l of b

orde

r are

as

• H

it an

d ru

n at

tack

s fro

m L

iber

ia to

Wes

t Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re

• S

ecur

ity s

ituat

ion

in th

e th

ree

bord

er a

reas

is p

reca

rious

•

Con

flict

with

sub

sequ

ent p

robl

ems

in th

e ca

pita

l of G

uine

a

• R

isk

of m

ilitar

y co

up in

Gui

nea

•

Traf

fic o

f wea

pons

incr

ease

d •

Bre

ak d

own

of S

ecur

ity S

ecto

r du

e to

UN

MIL

and

ON

UC

I pha

sing

ou

t lea

d to

civ

il un

rest

•

Une

mpl

oyed

an

d m

alco

nten

t yo

uth

are

riotin

g (L

iber

ia,

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re, a

nd G

uine

a)

• W

eak

capa

city

of S

ecur

ity S

ecto

r and

Jud

icia

ry to

han

dle

the

situ

a-tio

n •

Vio

latio

ns o

f hum

an ri

ghts

8.7

Impl

icat

ions

of t

he s

cena

rios

for s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

and

oper

atio

nal m

odal

ities

for t

he M

AN

O R

IVER

UN

ION

cou

ntrie

s

Bes

t Cas

e Sc

enar

io

Mos

t Lik

ely

Sc

enar

io

Wor

st C

ase

Scen

ario

Implications

Impl

icat

ions

for s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

of C

SWA

201

3-16

: S

trate

gic

orie

ntat

ion

and

dom

ains

of i

nter

vent

ions

: •

Red

ucin

g or

sto

ppin

g di

rect

act

ions

and

bila

tera

l act

iviti

es, t

o re

-focu

s on

go

vern

men

tal a

nd p

artn

ers

capa

city

bui

ldin

g •

Dec

reas

ing

the

fund

ing

to k

ey h

uman

itaria

n m

ultil

ater

al a

genc

ies

(IC

RC

, UN

HC

R, W

FP)

• In

crea

sing

focu

s on

ear

ly re

cove

ry, l

eadi

ng to

dev

elop

men

t •

Re-

focu

sing

on

food

sec

urity

and

resi

lienc

e bu

ildin

g ra

ther

than

Pro

tect

ion

• A

dvoc

atin

g to

attr

act d

evel

opm

ent a

ctor

s •

Con

side

ring

the

clos

ing

of h

uman

itaria

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd p

lan

hand

ing

over

to

othe

rs p

artn

ers

• A

dvoc

atin

g to

hav

e Li

beria

as

a S

DC

prio

rity

coun

try in

the

next

Bill

201

7-20

20

Scenario to be operationalised according to the new CSWA 2013-16

Impl

icat

ions

for s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

of C

SWA

201

3-16

: S

trate

gic

orie

ntat

ion

and

dom

ain

of in

terv

entio

ns:

• R

educ

ing

or s

topp

ing

dire

ct a

ctio

ns a

nd b

ilate

ral a

ctiv

ities

due

to in

secu

rity

•

Shi

fting

of f

undi

ng to

mul

tilat

eral

sys

tem

s •

Shi

fting

from

ear

ly re

cove

ry to

em

erge

ncy

resp

onse

•

Incr

easi

ng fu

ndin

g in

em

erge

ncy

to s

ave

lives

•

Incr

easi

ng a

dvoc

acy

• S

DC

Sta

ff an

d pa

rtner

s se

curit

y ga

ins

impo

rtanc

e

Ope

ratio

nal i

mpl

icat

ions

: •

Bet

ter a

cces

s gu

aran

teed

to a

ll pr

ojec

t are

as

• M

ovin

g fro

m s

elf-i

mpl

emen

tatio

n to

par

tner

s •

Dec

reas

ing

expa

triat

e st

aff a

nd in

crea

sing

nat

iona

l sta

ff as

SD

C p

erso

nal

• D

irect

pro

ject

mon

itorin

g, n

ot g

rant

ed s

o fa

r, ca

n be

incr

ease

d •

Pop

ulat

ion

is le

ss v

ulne

rabl

e an

d m

ore

resi

lient

•

Peo

ple

are

able

to m

ove

from

dep

ende

nce

to s

elf-r

elia

nce

• H

uman

itaria

n ac

tors

pha

se o

ut a

nd a

re re

plac

ed b

y de

velo

pmen

t one

s •

Clo

sure

of t

he o

ffice

in M

onro

via

afte

r 201

6 an

d co

nsid

erin

g op

enin

g

a sm

all h

uman

itaria

n an

tenn

a in

the

regi

on.

Ope

ratio

nal i

mpl

icat

ions

: •

Lim

itatio

n of

acc

ess

to p

roje

ct a

rea

due

to in

secu

rity

•

Sus

pens

ion

of s

elf-i

mpl

emen

ted

proj

ects

•

Red

uctio

n of

the

pers

onal

to e

ssen

tial s

taff,

or t

empo

rary

eva

cuat

ion.

•

Inab

ility

of i

mpl

emen

ting

partn

ers

to w

ork

due

to in

secu

rity

• S

topp

ing

of d

irect

mon

itorin

g in

the

field

due

to in

secu

rity.

•

Gap

of s

take

hold

ers,

tota

l iso

latio

n w

ith th

e la

st b

ilate

ral d

onor

s le

avin

g th

e co

untri

es

• C

onfli

ct s

ensi

tive

man

agem

ent g

ains

impo

rtanc

e

Conclusion

Con

clus

ion:

•

Re-

focu

s on

food

sec

urity

and

adv

ocac

y fo

r pro

tect

ion

• W

orki

ng m

ore

thro

ugh

partn

ers

and

mul

tilat

eral

net

wor

ks

• D

ecre

ase

of h

uman

itaria

n ai

d an

d di

rect

act

ions

•

Adv

ocac

y fo

r Lib

eria

as

a pr

iorit

y co

untry

for D

evel

opm

ent (

2017

-202

0)

Con

clus

ion:

•

Und

erta

king

of e

mer

genc

y re

spon

se a

ctiv

ities

•

Incr

easi

ng s

uppo

rt to

mul

tilat

eral

par

tner

s (IC

RC

) •

Ada

ptat

ion

of S

DC

sta

ff pr

esen

ce to

pre

vaili

ng s

ecur

ity s

ituat

ion

If th

e be

st-c

ase

scen

ario

take

s pl

ace,

SD

C w

ould

mos

t pro

babl

y re

duce

its

pres

-en

ce /

clos

e its

SP

O in

Mon

rovi

a If

the

wor

st-c

ase

scen

ario

take

s pl

ace,

then

fund

ing

will

be

shift

ed

to in

crea

se e

mer

genc

y op

erat

ions

43

Environ-ment

• Th

e re

gion

esc

apes

maj

or n

atur

al d

isas

ters

•

Logg

ing

and

min

ing

are

high

ly re

gula

ted

and

cont

rolle

d •

Cul

tivat

ion

met

hods

hav

e sw

itche

d to

env

ironm

enta

l fri

endl

y m

etho

ds

• W

aste

man

agem

ent i

s se

rious

ly ta

lked

• S

easo

nal f

lood

s oc

curs

•

Farm

ers

show

mor

e an

d m

ore

inte

rest

to

envi

ronm

enta

l fri

endl

y cu

ltiva

tion

met

hods

•

Gov

ernm

ents

mak

e se

rious

effo

rts t

o re

gula

te lo

ggin

g an

d ba

ns il

lega

l min

ing

• W

aste

man

agem

ent i

s pr

oble

mat

ic

• M

ajor

floo

ds d

ue to

erra

tic ra

in p

atte

rns

• U

ncon

trolle

d lo

ggin

g an

d m

inin

g

• O

il sp

ill ca

tast

roph

e •

Shi

fting

cul

tivat

ions

incr

ease

•

Was

te m

anag

emen

t not

at a

ll un

der c

ontro

l

Security

• R

oot c

ause

s of

bor

der c

onfli

cts

have

bee

n el

imin

ated

•

Rec

onci

liatio

n an

d la

nd r

ight

iss

ues

in W

est

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re

are

serio

usly

und

erta

ken

• G

over

nmen

ts im

pose

s se

curit

y in

the

bord

er re

gion

s •

UN

MIL

beg

ins

to d

raw

dow

n U

NP

OL

due

to im

prov

emen

ts

in th

e se

curit

y se

ctor

•

Pea

ce is

rein

ing

in th

e re

gion

• B

orde

r are

as a

re s

ecur

ed a

nd G

over

nmen

ts a

re in

con

trol

of th

ose

area

s •

Land

righ

ts is

sues

are

igno

red

in W

est C

ote

d’Iv

oire

•

Wea

pons

are

ava

ilabl

e an

d no

t un

der

cont

rol

of t

he r

e-sp

ectiv

e au

thor

ities

•

Occ

asio

nal a

ttack

s ar

e on

-goi

ng in

Wes

t Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re

• Th

e dr

aw-d

own

of U

NM

IL&

ON

UC

I is

on tr

ack

• Th

e pe

rform

ance

of

the

secu

rity

sect

or i

n Li

beria

is

im-

prov

ing

• W

est o

f Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re is

sta

biliz

ed to

the

pre-

conf

lict s

itua-

tion

(200

9)

• H

uman

rig

ht i

ssue

s ar

e kn

own

and

effo

rts a

re m

ade

to

cont

rol

• R

elat

ive

peac

e is

reig

ning

in th

e re

gion

• C

ross

bor

der c

onfli

ct: L

iber

ia v

ersu

s C

ote

d’Iv

oire

& L

iber

ia v

ersu

s G

uine

a •

Ren

ewed

out

brea

k of

con

flict

in W

est C

ote

d’Iv

oire

•

War

lord

s an

d m

erce

narie

s ta

ke c

ontro

l of b

orde

r are

as

• H

it an

d ru

n at

tack

s fro

m L

iber

ia to

Wes

t Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re

• S

ecur

ity s

ituat

ion

in th

e th

ree

bord

er a

reas

is p

reca

rious

•

Con

flict

with

sub

sequ

ent p

robl

ems

in th

e ca

pita

l of G

uine

a

• R

isk

of m

ilitar

y co

up in

Gui

nea

•

Traf

fic o

f wea

pons

incr

ease

d •

Bre

ak d

own

of S

ecur

ity S

ecto

r du

e to

UN

MIL

and

ON

UC

I pha

sing

ou

t lea

d to

civ

il un

rest

•

Une

mpl

oyed

an

d m

alco

nten

t yo

uth

are

riotin

g (L

iber

ia,

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re, a

nd G

uine

a)

• W

eak

capa

city

of S

ecur

ity S

ecto

r and

Jud

icia

ry to

han

dle

the

situ

a-tio

n •

Vio

latio

ns o

f hum

an ri

ghts

8.7

Impl

icat

ions

of t

he s

cena

rios

for s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

and

oper

atio

nal m

odal

ities

for t

he M

AN

O R

IVER

UN

ION

cou

ntrie

s

Bes

t Cas

e Sc

enar

io

Mos

t Lik

ely

Sc

enar

io

Wor

st C

ase

Scen

ario

Implications

Impl

icat

ions

for s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

of C

SWA

201

3-16

: S

trate

gic

orie

ntat

ion

and

dom

ains

of i

nter

vent

ions

: •

Red

ucin

g or

sto

ppin

g di

rect

act

ions

and

bila

tera

l act

iviti

es, t

o re

-focu

s on

go

vern

men

tal a

nd p

artn

ers

capa

city

bui

ldin

g •

Dec

reas

ing

the

fund

ing

to k

ey h

uman

itaria

n m

ultil

ater

al a

genc

ies

(IC

RC

, UN

HC

R, W

FP)

• In

crea

sing

focu

s on

ear

ly re

cove

ry, l

eadi

ng to

dev

elop

men

t •

Re-

focu

sing

on

food

sec

urity

and

resi

lienc

e bu

ildin

g ra

ther

than

Pro

tect

ion

• A

dvoc

atin

g to

attr

act d

evel

opm

ent a

ctor

s •

Con

side

ring

the

clos

ing

of h

uman

itaria

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd p

lan

hand

ing

over

to

othe

rs p

artn

ers

• A

dvoc

atin

g to

hav

e Li

beria

as

a S

DC

prio

rity

coun

try in

the

next

Bill

201

7-20

20

Scenario to be operationalised according to the new CSWA 2013-16

Impl

icat

ions

for s

trat

egic

orie

ntat

ion

of C

SWA

201

3-16

: S

trate

gic

orie

ntat

ion

and

dom

ain

of in

terv

entio

ns:

• R

educ

ing

or s

topp

ing

dire

ct a

ctio

ns a

nd b

ilate

ral a

ctiv

ities

due

to in

secu

rity

•

Shi

fting

of f

undi

ng to

mul

tilat

eral

sys

tem

s •

Shi

fting

from

ear

ly re

cove

ry to

em

erge

ncy

resp

onse

•

Incr

easi

ng fu

ndin

g in

em

erge

ncy

to s

ave

lives

•

Incr

easi

ng a

dvoc

acy

• S

DC

Sta

ff an

d pa

rtner

s se

curit

y ga

ins

impo

rtanc

e

Ope

ratio

nal i

mpl

icat

ions

: •

Bet

ter a

cces

s gu

aran

teed

to a

ll pr

ojec

t are

as

• M

ovin

g fro

m s

elf-i

mpl

emen

tatio

n to

par

tner

s •

Dec

reas

ing

expa

triat

e st

aff a

nd in

crea

sing

nat

iona

l sta

ff as

SD

C p

erso

nal

• D

irect

pro

ject

mon

itorin

g, n

ot g

rant

ed s

o fa

r, ca

n be

incr

ease

d •

Pop

ulat

ion

is le

ss v

ulne

rabl

e an

d m

ore

resi

lient

•

Peo

ple

are

able

to m

ove

from

dep

ende

nce

to s

elf-r

elia

nce

• H

uman

itaria

n ac

tors

pha

se o

ut a

nd a

re re

plac

ed b

y de

velo

pmen

t one

s •

Clo

sure

of t

he o

ffice

in M

onro

via

afte

r 201

6 an

d co

nsid

erin

g op

enin

g

a sm

all h

uman

itaria

n an

tenn

a in

the

regi

on.

Ope

ratio

nal i

mpl

icat

ions

: •

Lim

itatio

n of

acc

ess

to p

roje

ct a

rea

due

to in

secu

rity

•

Sus

pens

ion

of s

elf-i

mpl

emen

ted

proj

ects

•

Red

uctio

n of

the

pers

onal

to e

ssen

tial s

taff,

or t

empo

rary

eva

cuat

ion.

•

Inab

ility

of i

mpl

emen

ting

partn

ers

to w

ork

due

to in

secu

rity

• S

topp

ing

of d

irect

mon

itorin

g in

the

field

due

to in

secu

rity.

•

Gap

of s

take

hold

ers,

tota

l iso

latio

n w

ith th

e la

st b

ilate

ral d

onor

s le

avin

g th

e co

untri

es

• C

onfli

ct s

ensi

tive

man

agem

ent g

ains

impo

rtanc

e

Conclusion

Con

clus

ion:

•

Re-

focu

s on

food

sec

urity

and

adv

ocac

y fo

r pro

tect

ion

• W

orki

ng m

ore

thro

ugh

partn

ers

and

mul

tilat

eral

net

wor

ks

• D

ecre

ase

of h

uman

itaria

n ai

d an

d di

rect

act

ions

•

Adv

ocac

y fo

r Lib

eria

as

a pr

iorit

y co

untry

for D

evel

opm

ent (

2017

-202

0)

Con

clus

ion:

•

Und

erta

king

of e

mer

genc

y re

spon

se a

ctiv

ities

•

Incr

easi

ng s

uppo

rt to

mul

tilat

eral

par

tner

s (IC

RC

) •

Ada

ptat

ion

of S

DC

sta

ff pr

esen

ce to

pre

vaili

ng s

ecur

ity s

ituat

ion

If th

e be

st-c

ase

scen

ario

take

s pl

ace,

SD

C w

ould

mos

t pro

babl

y re

duce

its

pres

-en

ce /

clos

e its

SP

O in

Mon

rovi

a If

the

wor

st-c

ase

scen

ario

take

s pl

ace,

then

fund

ing

will

be

shift

ed

to in

crea

se e

mer

genc

y op

erat

ions

44

8.8

Reg

iona

l Map

Wes

t Afr

ica

45

8.8

Reg

iona

l Map

Wes

t Afr

ica

8.9

Cou

ntry

Map

Wes

t Afr

ica

(are

as o

f int

erve

ntio

n)

The

focu

s in

terv

entio

n ar

eas

of S

DC

/HA:

•

Dom

ain

of In

terv

entio

n 1:

Foo

d Se

curit

y an

d N

utrit

ion

/ Res

ilienc

e Bu

ildin

g •

Dom

ain

of In

terv

entio

n 2:

Pro

tect

ion

•

46

8.10

SD

C/H

A P

artn

ers

Map

ping

N

ame

of

Org

anis

atio

n (in

alp

habe

tic o

rder

)

Intervention in Mano River Union (M) and/or Sahel (S)

Domain of intervention

Nat

ure

of

orga

nisa

tion

Nat

ure

of

enga

gem

ent

Futu

re

colla

bora

tion

an

d/or

par

tner

ship

Governmental organisation

UN organisation

International Organi-sation

International NGO

National and/or Local NGO

Donor

Implementing part-ner of SDC/HA

Mandatory

Highly recommended

To be considered

Actual partners of SDC/HA

AC

F M

/ S

I

X

X

X

Car

itas

S I

X

X

X

DN

GP

CA

S I

X

X

X

FAO

M

I

X

X

X

FSD

S

II

X

X

X

ICR

C

M /

S I /

II

X

X X

MA

G

S II

X

X

X

MS

F S

uiss

e M

I /

II

X

X X

OC

HA

M

/ S

II

X

X

X

Phi

lafri

cain

e M

I

X

X

X

Rue

di L

eupp

i Stif

tung

M

I

X

X

X

Sab

ou G

uine

a M

II

X

X

X

Sal

vatio

n A

rmy

M

I

X

X

X

Sw

issa

id

S I

X

X

X

Terre

des

Hom

mes

M

I /

II

X

X X

UN

DP

S

I

X

X

X

UN

HA

S S

II

X

X

X

UN

HC

R

M /

S II

X

X X

UN

ICE

F M

/ S

I / II

X

X

X

Vis

ion

in A

ctio

n

M

I

X

X

X

WFP

M

/ S

I

X

X

X

Donors

DFI

D

M /

S I /

II

X

X

X

EC

HO

, EU

M

/ S

I / II

X

X

X

GIZ

M

I /

II

X

X

X

Irish

Aid

M

I /

II

X

X

X

Japa

n (J

ICA

) M

I

X

X

X

SID

A M

I /

II

X

X

X

US

AID

- O

FDA

M /

S I /

II

X

X

X

Potential future partners

AD

RA

M

I

X

X

X

BR

AC

M

I

X

X

X

DR

C

M /

S II

X

X

X

IOM

M

/ S

II

X

X

X

NR

C

M /

S I /

II

X

X

X

Oxf

am

M /

S I /

II

X

X

X

Sam

arita

n's

Pur

se

M

I

X

X

X

Sav

e th

e ch

ildre

n M

/ S

II

X

X

X

Sol

idar

ité

M

I

X

X

X

47

WFP

M

/ S

I

X

X

X

Donors

DFI

D

M /

S I /

II

X

X

X

EC

HO

, EU

M

/ S

I / II

X

X

X

GIZ

M

I /

II

X

X

X

Irish

Aid

M

I /

II

X

X

X

Japa

n (J

ICA

) M

I

X

X

X

SID

A M

I /

II

X

X

X

US

AID

- O

FDA

M /

S I /

II

X

X

X

Potential future partners

AD

RA

M

I

X

X

X

BR

AC

M

I

X

X

X

DR

C

M /

S II

X

X

X

IOM

M

/ S

II

X

X

X

NR

C

M /

S I /

II

X

X

X

Oxf

am

M /

S I /

II

X

X

X

Sam

arita

n's

Pur

se

M

I

X

X

X

Sav

e th

e ch

ildre

n M

/ S

II

X

X

X

Sol

idar

ité

M

I

X

X

X

48

8.11 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym or abbreviation Definition, explication

ACF Action contre la faim

ACMAD African Centre of Meteorological Application for Development

ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency

AFISMA African-led International Support Mission to Mali

AGRHYMET Centre régional de formation en agrométéorologie et hydrologie opérationnelle (CILSS)

AQIM Al-Qaeda in the Islamist Maghreb

BRAC Bangladesh NGO

CFA Chief of Finance and Administration (SDC)

CfW Cash for Work

CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (ECOWAS)

CAP Consolidated Appeal Process (UN)

CILSS Comité permanent Inter-états de lute contre la sécheresse dans le Sahel

CIMIC Civil Military Cooperation

CS Cooperation Strategy (SDC)

CSA Commissariat à la sécurité alimentaire

CSPM Conflict Sensitive Programme Management

CSWA Cooperation Strategy for West Africa (SDC)

DDoC Deputy Director of Cooperation (SDC)

DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration

DFID Department for International Development (UK)

DIO Division International Organisations

DNGPCA Dispositif national de gestion et prévention des crises alimentaires (Niger)

DoC Director of Cooperation (SDC)

DRC Danish Refugee Council

DRR Disaster Risk Reduction

DSFA Division Sub-Sahara and Francophone Africa

ECHO European Community Humanitarian Aid Office

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EPR Emergency Preparedness and Response (Unit of WFP)

ESPA Eastern West Africa Peace Agreement

EU European Union

EUTM European Union Training Mission (Mali)

EWS Early Warning System

FFW Food for Work

FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (UN)

FDFA Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (Switzerland)

49

8.11 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym or abbreviation Definition, explication

ACF Action contre la faim

ACMAD African Centre of Meteorological Application for Development

ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency

AFISMA African-led International Support Mission to Mali

AGRHYMET Centre régional de formation en agrométéorologie et hydrologie opérationnelle (CILSS)

AQIM Al-Qaeda in the Islamist Maghreb

BRAC Bangladesh NGO

CFA Chief of Finance and Administration (SDC)

CfW Cash for Work

CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (ECOWAS)

CAP Consolidated Appeal Process (UN)

CILSS Comité permanent Inter-états de lute contre la sécheresse dans le Sahel

CIMIC Civil Military Cooperation

CS Cooperation Strategy (SDC)

CSA Commissariat à la sécurité alimentaire

CSPM Conflict Sensitive Programme Management

CSWA Cooperation Strategy for West Africa (SDC)

DDoC Deputy Director of Cooperation (SDC)

DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration

DFID Department for International Development (UK)

DIO Division International Organisations

DNGPCA Dispositif national de gestion et prévention des crises alimentaires (Niger)

DoC Director of Cooperation (SDC)

DRC Danish Refugee Council

DRR Disaster Risk Reduction

DSFA Division Sub-Sahara and Francophone Africa

ECHO European Community Humanitarian Aid Office

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EPR Emergency Preparedness and Response (Unit of WFP)

ESPA Eastern West Africa Peace Agreement

EU European Union

EUTM European Union Training Mission (Mali)

EWS Early Warning System

FFW Food for Work

FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (UN)

FDFA Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (Switzerland)

FEWS NET Famine Early Warning System Network

FOM Federal Office for Migration

FS Food Security

FSNS Food Security and Nutrition Strategy

GAR Gestion axée sur les résultats

GFD General Food Distribution

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmBH

HDI Human Development Index

HQ Headquarter

HSD Human Security Division (FDFA)

IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross

IDPs Internally Displaced Persons

IHL International Humanitarian Law

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

LAR Livelihood Asset Recovery

LRRD Linking Relief, Recovery, and Development

MERV Monitoring of Development Relevant Changes (FDFA)

MINUSMA Mission multidimensionnelle intégrée des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation au Mali

MNLA Mouvement national de libération de l’Azawad

MoA Ministry of Agriculture

MoH&SW Ministry of Health and Social Welfare

MRU Mano River Union

MUJAO Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa

MSF-CH Médecins sans frontières - Suisse

MTP Medium Term Programme (SDC)

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

NGO Non Governmental Organisation

NPO National Programme Officer

OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USA)

ONUCI Opération des Nations Unies en Côte d'Ivoire

P4P Purchase for Progress

PND Plan national de développement

PO Programme Officer

PROT Protection

PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy

PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

50

RIS Rehabilitation of Irrigation Schemes

SAGSD Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development (Burkina Faso)

SAP Système d’alerte précoce

SC Separated Children

SCO Swiss Cooperation Office

SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

SDC/GC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation / Global Cooperation

SDC/HA Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation / Humanitarian Aid

SDC/RC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation / Regional Cooperation

SHA Swiss Humanitarian Aid Unit

SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

SitRep Situation Report

SPO Swiss Programme Office

TCN Third Country National

TdH-L Terre des hommes - Lausanne

TMH Tellewoyan Memorial Hospital (Liberia)

UAM Unaccompanied Minor

UN United Nations

UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (WFP)

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNMIL United Nations Mission in Liberia

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VIA Vision in Action

WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

WATSAN Water and Sanitation

WFP World Food Programme (UN)

WOGA Whole of Government Approach (FDFA)

51

RIS Rehabilitation of Irrigation Schemes

SAGSD Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development (Burkina Faso)

SAP Système d’alerte précoce

SC Separated Children

SCO Swiss Cooperation Office

SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

SDC/GC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation / Global Cooperation

SDC/HA Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation / Humanitarian Aid

SDC/RC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation / Regional Cooperation

SHA Swiss Humanitarian Aid Unit

SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

SitRep Situation Report

SPO Swiss Programme Office

TCN Third Country National

TdH-L Terre des hommes - Lausanne

TMH Tellewoyan Memorial Hospital (Liberia)

UAM Unaccompanied Minor

UN United Nations

UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (WFP)

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNMIL United Nations Mission in Liberia

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VIA Vision in Action

WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

WATSAN Water and Sanitation

WFP World Food Programme (UN)

WOGA Whole of Government Approach (FDFA)

Imprint

Editor:Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFASwiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC3003 Berne

Design:Visual Communication FDFA, Bern

Photos:Bruno Strebel, Séverine Weber, Silvano Ballerini

Orders:www.sdc.admin.ch (heading “Publications”)

Specialist contact:Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC Humanitarian AidAfrica DivisionPhone: ++41 58 462 31 24HH@deza.admin.chwww.sdc.admin.ch

Berne, 2014