SCYCLE

OPERATING UNIT

POM, WEEE Generated & Flows in various EU Countries

Tallinn, October 1, 2015

Jaco Huisman – Huisman [at] unu.edu

Key projects/ activities: Best-of-2-Worlds (CN, 2004-2012) Policy review on EU WEEE Directive (EU, 2007) E-waste Academies (Global) Global E-waste Monitor (2014) CWIT (Countering WEEE Illegal Trade, EU 2013-2015) Common methodology new EU collection targets (EU, 2015) ProSUM (Prospecting Secondary Raw Materials, 2015-2017) Hosting StEP Secretariat: Solving the e-waste problem, see:

www.step-initiative.org

United Nations UniversitySCYCLE Team

The world of electronics

> 650 product type

6 waste streams

Different products, unique approach 4

To calculate WEEE Generated:Note:

Life span distribution = the probability of a product batch becoming waste over time Lifespan models when the consumer

decide to dispose the product, even in the case of preparation for reuse

Lifespan created trough Consumer surveys in some MS (can be refined in the future)

WEEE Generated = the amount of discarded products (waste) due to national consumption from a national territory (POM) in a given reporting year prior any activity (collection, preparation for reuse, treatment or export).

Lifespan examples (year of sale is 2012)

2012 2013 2015 2016 2018 2019 2021 2022 2024 2025 2027 2028 2030 2031 2033 2034 2036 20370%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%102 Dish-Washers

104 Washers

108&110 Fridges

111 Air Cond.

114 Microwaves

201 SHA

205 SHA Body Care

303 Laptop

307 LCD Monitor

401 Small CE

DIFFERENT ProductsDIFFERENT Markets

DIFFERENT Generation

Global E-waste Monitor 2014

See http://step-initiative. org/index.php/WorldMap.html for

the Global E-waste Monitor Data Summary Report

9E-waste generation worldwide

E-waste generated in 2014 (pro-capita)

>21 kg/inh

7 to 14 kg/inh

< 7 kg/inh

14 to 21 kg/inh

Europe: 15.6 kg/inh

Oceania: 15.2 kg/inh

Africa: 1.7 kg/inh+11% annually!

Asia: 3.7 kg/inh+10% annually!

Americas: 12.2 kg/inh

Domestic E-waste Generated 2014 (total)

The Socio-economic impact 12

EU country studies Identified Critical Factors for target setting and monitoring progress Methodology Consolidated in 5+ years of country studies: Basis for DG-ENV Art.7 Study Basis for 1st Global E-waste Monitor 2014

13

POM, Stock, WG and all Compl. Flows 2nd consumer + business surveyincl. collection% per UNU key (B2B+B2C)

POM, Stock, WGBusiness surveyall B2B+B2C UNU-keys

POM, Stock, WG, Compl. Flows Recyclers market surveyall B2C + selected B2B UNU-keys

POM, Stock and WEEEConsumer surveyall B2C UNU-keys

POM, WG Evaluating national POM + WG model selected B2C UNU-keys

@work

@work

@work

This is the Urban Mine (Data Belgium 2011)How much do you have at home?

Total: > 79 EEE products + 47 Lamps/Luminaires per HH (B2C) // + 36 EEE per HH outside home (B2B) Total Stock = 263 kg/inh.

Attic:1.0 Central Heating/ boiler0.03 Sunbeds2 Other Lamps1 Energy saving lamp2 TL lamps3 Luminaires

Work/ hobby room6.0 Mice, keyboards, external drives, etc.0.8 Desktops 0.8 Laptops/tablets 1.1 Printers 1.4 Phone sets3.5 Mobile phones 0.4 CRT Monitors0.7 LCD Monitors 1.1 Cameras2 Other lamps 1 Energy saving lamps3 Luminaires 0.2 Exercise equipment

`Bed room Kids room0.9 CRT TVs 2 Other lamps2 Other lamps 1 Energy saving lamp1 Energy saving lamps 3 Luminaires3 Luminaires 5.2 Electr. Toys1 Smoke alarm 0.5 Game Consoles

0.7 Smoke alarms

Bath room5.9 Shavers, elec. toothbrushes hairfohns, etc.2 Other lamps1 Energy saving lamps3 Luminaires1.3 Thermometers/ bloodpressure meters

Living room 0.07 Aircons 5 Small households appliances: Clocks, adapters, chargers, etc.2.2 Remote Controls, headphones, etc.2.2 Radio’s/Mp3 4.0 Audio/HiFi compon. 1.9 DVD/ VCRs 2.3 Speaker sets 0.9 LCD TV’s 4 Other lamps2 Energy saving lamps 6 Luminaires

Kitchen0.6 Dishwashers 0.8 Ovens/furnaces1.1 Ventilators/ hoods 1.0 Magnetrons1.4 Fridges 0.1 Icemakers, etc. 6.8 Small kitchen appliances: Blenders, mixers, frying pans, cooking plates, grills, toasters, etc2.0 Coffee/ water cookers 2 Other lamps1 Energy saving lamp 3 Luminaires

Scullery Garden/garage1.0 Washing mach. 2.2 Other lamps0.6 Dryers 3.7 Energy sav. lamps0.6 Freezers 3.2 Luminaires3.9 Irons, scales, 6.6 Drills, lawn adapters, etc. mowers, saws, 1.6 Vac. cleaners hedges, high pressure2.8 TL lamps cleaners, etc.

http://isp.unu.edu/publications/scycle/files/Dutch_WEEE_Flows.pdf

2012 ‘The Future Flows’ Study2010 WEEE mass balance over The Netherlands

11%

32%

28%

19%

10%

http://isp.unu.edu/publications/scycle/files/Dutch_WEEE_Flows.pdf

E-scrap generation

23.7 kg/inh.

2012 ‘The Future Flows’ Study2010 WEEE mass balance over The Netherlands

17Country Studies: ITA, NLD, BEL, FRA

Data(all in kg/inh)

BEL2013

NLD2012/2014*

ITA2012

FRA2013

PRT2013

Note

EEE PoM 26,2 25,5* 21,6 (B2C) 23 (B2C) 15.3** ** PRT: year on year large fluctuations

Stock EEE 260 275* 220 (B2C) 245 (B2C) 225

WG 22,4 23,3* 16,3*** (B2C)

+/- 20 (B2C) 17.3 ***ITA: excl. lamps

Reported Formal 10,5 7,5 4,3 6,9 3.8**** ****2012

Complementary 2,7 6,6 > 6,9 > 3,1 unknown

Export EEE > 0,6 2,7 > 0,7 unknown unknown

Export WEEE > 0,3 < 0,8 > 0,7 > 1,8 unknown

MSW 1,5 2,3 1,6 – 2,3 2 1.5**** ****2012

Unidentified +/- 6,8 1,9 – 5,1 +/- 6,0 3 to 9 unknown ITA, PRT no downstream investigation

Formal(s) alone currently does not suffice

Complementary streams play a crucial role

Joint efforts (stakeholders) are needed to:• Investigate and track downstream • Identify missing flows

Challenges under WEEE Recast 18

2012-2015

4 kg/ab or

Average 3 preceeding years

2016-2018

45% PoM (3 preceeding years)

From 2019

65% PoM (3 preceeding years) Or 85% WG

Including B2B

1. From 4 kg/ inh. % based target2. Primary responsibility to the Member States

Development Methodology & Tool

Task AMethodology

WEEE generated by weight

Task BMethodology

EEE POM by weight

Impact analysis & target implementation

Task CAssess collection target for

individual collection categories

Task DAnalyze implementing

difficulties, deadlines and collection rate basis

Data, information and model outcome

“How to meet the upcoming collection target?” 2011-2014: WEEE Directive Art. 7, Common Methodology

20EU context & Member States role

Directive 2012/19/EU

National Transpositions

…..

WEEE Art. 7WEEE Art. 11

Exporting ConditionsWEEE Art. 16.3

EC S

tudi

es Life-span

TARGET Implementation

Com

plia

nce

Sche

mes

Oth

er

Econ

omic

O

pera

tors

Was

te B

in

Re-U

se L

oops

Expo

rt fo

r Re

Use

, Tr

eatm

ent

Waste Generated (Tool + current estim.)

A

Data Quality

TARGET SettingC

D

Reporting Framework

ACH

IEVE

MEN

T

Put on Market B Data Quality

Data Quality

Member State Responsibility

Study Context

EC Activities

EU WEEE flows, 2012

85%

22Tools and experiences from country studiesUNU can assist in:

Set-up national research consortia

‘Harmonized’ E-waste classification

Templates for (consumer) surveys

Provide national WEEE Generated Model + training and visualisation aid

POM data from national stat./ Eurostat

Ad-hoc tools also for share individual compliance schemes in national totals

International benchmark POM, WEEE, Collected & Treated

Evaluating WEEE complementary flows

Advice on collection interventions

Conclusions Irrespective the target mechanism (POM or WG), it’s crucial to understand

where flows are ending up Proper tracking and accountability of flows is key for target achievement On-the-ground research is needed to map flows Better informed decision making :

Country support: UNU Country studies:

http://isp.unu.edu/publications/scycle/index.html

Global e-scrap data:

http://step-initiative.org/index.php/WorldMap.html

http://ias.unu.edu/en/research/e-waste-quantification.html#outputs

Capacity Building: StEP E-waste Academies:For academia:

http://step-initiative.org/index.php/ewas.htmlFor policy makers, managers:

http://step-initiative.org/index.php/ewam.html

Policy advice: Countering WEEE Illegal Trade:

www.cwit-project.eu

What UNU can offer:

Individual data requests: huisman@unu.edu

Ecolum Proposal

25

Extra slides

26

Ecolum Proposal

Starting Point: Official Reported Performances (2012, Eurostat data)

26

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Cypru

s*

Czech Rep

ublic

Denmark

Estonia

Finlan

d

France*

German

y

Greece*

Hungary

Irelan

dIta

lyLat

via

Lithuan

ia

Luxe

mbourg

Netherl

ands*

Poland

Portuga

l

Romania*

Slova

kia

Slove

nia

Spain

*

Swed

en

United Kingd

om0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Waste Collected * 2010 Data

4kg

27

Ecolum Proposal

WEEE Ending up in Waste Bin (from CWIT preliminary results)

27

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Cypru

s*

Czech Rep

ublic

Denmark

Estonia

Finlan

d

France*

German

y

Greece*

Hungary

Irelan

dIta

lyLat

via

Lithuan

ia

Luxe

mbourg

Netherl

ands*

Poland

Portuga

l

Romania*

Slova

kia

Slove

nia

Spain

*

Swed

en

United Kingd

om0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Waste Collected Waste Bin_Estimates

More investigation needed to identify flows and “divert” them

from waste bin

4kg

28

Ecolum Proposal

WEEE Collected by other operators(Estimates)

28

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Cypru

s*

Czech Rep

ublic

Denmark

Estonia

Finlan

d

France*

German

y

Greece*

Hungary

Irelan

dIta

lyLat

via

Lithuan

ia

Luxe

mbourg

Netherl

ands*

Poland

Portuga

l

Romania*

Slova

kia

Slove

nia

Spain

*

Swed

en

United Kingd

om0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Waste Collected Waste Bin_Estimates Other Operators

Are those players reporting?How are those flows labeled (EWC)

?

4kg

29

Ecolum Proposal

Gap to Future Targets (?): POM or WG based

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Cypru

s*

Czech Rep

ublic

Denmark

Estonia

Finlan

d

France*

German

y

Greece*

Hungary

Irelan

dIta

lyLat

via

Lithuan

ia

Luxe

mbourg

Netherl

ands*

Poland

Portuga

l

Romania*

Slova

kia

Slove

nia

Spain

*

Swed

en

United Kingd

om0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Waste Collected Waste Bin_Estimates Other Operators GAP to POM or WG Future Target

WEEE Generated in MS is certainly “more” than the amount actually officially collected and reported

Certain gaps are easier to fill, other are not..!!Targets will have to be defined (WG or POM based)Actions are needed to comply with future targets

4kg